%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.16.1
%%CreationDate: Sun Sep 29 13:25:58 2002
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.16 1
%%Pages: 34
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
%%BeginProlog
%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.16 1
/setpacking where{
pop
currentpacking
true setpacking
}if
/grops 120 dict dup begin
/SC 32 def
/A/show load def
/B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/C{0 exch ashow}bind def
/D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/E{0 rmoveto show}bind def
/F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def
/J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/M{rmoveto show}bind def
/N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/Q{moveto show}bind def
/R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/SF{
findfont exch
[exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont
dup setfont
[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def
}bind def
/MF{
findfont
[5 2 roll
0 3 1 roll
neg 0 0]makefont
dup setfont
[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def
}bind def
/level0 0 def
/RES 0 def
/PL 0 def
/LS 0 def
/MANUAL{
statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end
}bind def
/PLG{
gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore
exch pop add exch pop
}bind def
/BP{
/level0 save def
1 setlinecap
1 setlinejoin
72 RES div dup scale
LS{
90 rotate
}{
0 PL translate
}ifelse
1 -1 scale
}bind def
/EP{
level0 restore
showpage
}bind def
/DA{
newpath arcn stroke
}bind def
/SN{
transform
.25 sub exch .25 sub exch
round .25 add exch round .25 add exch
itransform
}bind def
/DL{
SN
moveto
SN
lineto stroke
}bind def
/DC{
newpath 0 360 arc closepath
}bind def
/TM matrix def
/DE{
TM currentmatrix pop
translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath
TM setmatrix
}bind def
/RC/rcurveto load def
/RL/rlineto load def
/ST/stroke load def
/MT/moveto load def
/CL/closepath load def
/FL{
currentgray exch setgray fill setgray
}bind def
/BL/fill load def
/LW/setlinewidth load def
/RE{
findfont
dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin
{
1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse
}forall
/Encoding exch def
dup/FontName exch def
currentdict end definefont pop
}bind def
/DEFS 0 def
/EBEGIN{
moveto
DEFS begin
}bind def
/EEND/end load def
/CNT 0 def
/level1 0 def
/PBEGIN{
/level1 save def
translate
div 3 1 roll div exch scale
neg exch neg exch translate
0 setgray
0 setlinecap
1 setlinewidth
0 setlinejoin
10 setmiterlimit
[]0 setdash
/setstrokeadjust where{
pop
false setstrokeadjust
}if
/setoverprint where{
pop
false setoverprint
}if
newpath
/CNT countdictstack def
userdict begin
/showpage{}def
}bind def
/PEND{
clear
countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat
level1 restore
}bind def
end def
/setpacking where{
pop
setpacking
}if
%%EndResource
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72
def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron
/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen
/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon
/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O
/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/circumflex
/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y
/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft
/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl
/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut
/dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash
/quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen
/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft
/logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior
/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior
/ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters
/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE
/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex
/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis
/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn
/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla
/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis
/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash
/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE/Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE
/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE
%%EndProlog
%%Page: 1 1
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q/F1 18/Times-Bold@0 SF(UNIX PR)144.333
312 Q(OGRAMMER'S MANU)-.54 E(AL)-1.08 E/F2 12/Times-Italic@0 SF
(Sixth Edition)256.83 354 Q(K. Thompson)255.996 410 Q(D. M. Ritc)255.762
431 Q(hie)-.18 E(May)262.668 473 Q 3(,1)-.66 G(975)-3 E EP
%%Page: 2 2
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q .274(This manual w)180 528 R .274
(as set by a Graphic Systems phototypeset-)-.1 F 1.085(ter dri)180 540 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.585(nb).15 G 3.585(yt)-3.585 G(he)-3.585 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(tr)3.585 E(of)-.45 E(f)-.18 E F0 1.085
(formatting program operating un-)3.585 F 1.57(der the)180 552 R/F2 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)4.07 E F0 4.07(system. The)4.07 F(te)4.07 E 1.57
(xt of the manual w)-.15 F 1.569(as pre-)-.1 F(pared using the)180 564 Q
F1(ed)2.5 E F0(te)2.5 E(xt editor)-.15 E(.)-.55 E EP
%%Page: 1 3
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(PREF)266.62 132 Q -.4(AC)-.74 G(E).4 E
(to the Sixth Edition)248.965 144 Q 2.026 -.8(We a)72 192 T .426
(re grateful to L. L. Cherry).8 F 2.927(,R)-.65 G 2.927(.C)-2.927 G
2.927(.H)-2.927 G .427(aight, S. C. Johnson, B. W)-2.927 F 2.927(.K)-.92
G .427(ernighan, M. E. Lesk, and E. N. Pin-)-3.177 F .257
(son for their contrib)72 204 R .256(utions to the system softw)-.2 F
.256(are, and to L. E. McMahon for softw)-.1 F .256
(are and for his contrib)-.1 F(u-)-.2 E .36(tions to this manual.)72 216
R 1.96 -.8(We a)5.36 H .36(re particularly appreciati).8 F .66 -.15
(ve o)-.25 H 2.86(ft).15 G .36(he in)-2.86 F -.25(va)-.4 G .36
(luable technical, editorial, and administra-).25 F(ti)72 228 Q 1.42
-.15(ve e)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G 1.12(orts of J. F).25 F 3.62(.O)-.8 G
1.12(ssanna, M. D. McIlro)-3.62 F 2.42 -.65(y, a)-.1 H 1.119
(nd R. Morris.).65 F(The)6.119 E 3.619(ya)-.15 G 1.119(ll contrib)-3.619
F 1.119(uted greatly to the stock of)-.2 F/F1 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)72
240 Q F0(softw)3.699 E 1.199(are and to this manual.)-.1 F 1.199
(Their in)6.199 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(nti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.199
(ness, thoughtful criticism, and ungrudging support in-).15 F .108
(creased immeasurably not only whate)72 252 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.608(rs)
.15 G .108(uccess the)-2.608 F F1(UNIX)2.607 E F0 .107(system enjo)2.607
F .107(ys, b)-.1 F .107(ut also our o)-.2 F .107(wn enjo)-.25 F .107
(yment in its)-.1 F(creation.)72 264 Q(1)285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 2 4
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(INTR)207.255 120 Q(ODUCTION T)-.4 E
2.5(OT)-.18 G(HIS MANU)-2.5 E(AL)-.4 E 1.483(This manual gi)72 144 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.983(sd).15 G 1.483(escriptions of the publicly a)-3.983
F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.483(ilable features of).25 F/F1 8/Times-Roman@0 SF
(UNIX)3.983 E F0 6.483(.I)C 3.983(tp)-6.483 G(ro)-3.983 E 1.484
(vides neither a general)-.15 F -.15(ove)72 156 S(rvie).15 E 3.118
(w\255s)-.25 G .618(ee `)-3.118 F(`The)-.74 E F1(UNIX)3.118 E F0 -.35
(Ti)3.118 G .618(me-sharing System').35 F 3.118('\()-.74 G .618(Comm. A)
-3.118 F(CM)-.4 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(17)3.118 E F0 .617
(7, July 1974, pp. 365-375\) for that \255)3.117 F(nor details of the i\
mplementation of the system, which remain to be disclosed.)72 168 Q -.4
(Wi)72 186 S .383(thin the area it surv).4 F -.15(ey)-.15 G .384
(s, this manual attempts to be as complete and timely as possible.).15 F
2.884(Ac)5.384 G .384(onscious de-)-2.884 F .598(cision w)72 198 R .598
(as made to describe each program in e)-.1 F .598(xactly the state it w)
-.15 F .598(as in at the time its manual section w)-.1 F(as)-.1 E 4.077
(prepared. In)72 210 R(particular)4.077 E 4.077(,t)-.4 G 1.578
(he desire to describe something as it should be, not as it is, w)-4.077
F 1.578(as resisted.)-.1 F(In-)6.578 E -.25(ev)72 222 S(itably).25 E 2.5
(,t)-.65 G(his means that man)-2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(ections will soon be out of date.)-2.5 E(This manual is di)72 240 Q
(vided into eight sections:)-.25 E 27.67(I. Commands)108 258 R 24.34
(II. System)108 270 R(calls)2.5 E 21.01(III. Subroutines)108 282 R(IV)
108 294 Q 24.24(.S)-1.29 G(pecial \214les)-24.24 E 27.65 -1.29(V. F)108
306 T(ile formats and con)1.29 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(ntions).15 E 20.45
(VI. User)108 318 R(-maintained programs)-.2 E 17.12(VII. User)108 330 R
(-maintained subroutines)-.2 E 13.79(VIII. Maintenance)108 342 R 1.097
(Commands are programs intended to be in)72 360 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2
G 3.597(dd).1 G 1.097(irectly by the user)-3.597 F 3.597(,i)-.4 G 3.597
(nc)-3.597 G 1.097(ontradistinction to subroutines,)-3.597 F .65
(which are intended to be called by the user')72 372 R 3.151(sp)-.55 G
3.151(rograms. Commands)-3.151 F .651(generally reside in directory)
3.151 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/bin)3.151 E F0(\(for)3.151 E F3(bin)72
384 Q F0 1.458(ary programs\).)1.666 F 1.458
(Some programs also reside in)6.458 F F3 1.666(/u)3.958 G -.834
(sr/ bin,)-1.666 F F0 1.457(to sa)3.957 F 1.757 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.457
(pace in).15 F F3(/bin.)3.957 E F0 1.457(These directories are)6.457 F
(searched automatically by the command interpreter)72 396 Q(.)-.55 E
.293(System calls are entries into the)72 414 R F1(UNIX)2.793 E F0
(supervisor)2.793 E 5.293(.I)-.55 G 2.793(na)-5.293 G .293
(ssembly language, the)-2.793 F 2.793(ya)-.15 G .294
(re coded with the use of the)-2.793 F(opcode)72 426 Q F3(sys)2.667 E F0
2.667(,as)C(ynon)-2.667 E .167(ym for the)-.15 F F3(tr)2.667 E(ap)-.15 E
F0 2.667(instruction. In)2.667 F .167
(this edition, the C language interf)2.667 F .166
(ace routines to the sys-)-.1 F(tem calls ha)72 438 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
(een incorporated in section II.).15 E 3.13(As)72 456 S .63
(mall assortment of subroutines is a)-3.13 F -.25(va)-.2 G .63
(ilable; the).25 F 3.131(ya)-.15 G .631(re described in section III.)
-3.131 F .631(The binary form of most)5.631 F .199(of them is k)72 468 R
.199(ept in the system library)-.1 F F3 1.666(/l)2.699 G -.834
(ib/ liba.a.)-1.666 F F0 .199(The subroutines a)5.199 F -.25(va)-.2 G
.199(ilable from C and from F).25 F .198(ortran are al-)-.15 F
(so included; the)72 480 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eside in)-2.5 E F3 1.666(/l)2.5
G -.834(ib/ libc.a)-1.666 F F0(and)2.5 E F3 1.666(/l)2.5 G -.834
(ib/ libf)-1.666 F(.a)-.15 E F0(respecti)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
(.)-.65 E .71(The special \214les section IV discusses the characterist\
ics of each system `)72 498 R(`\214le')-.74 E 3.21('w)-.74 G .71
(hich actually refers to an)-3.21 F .026(I/O de)72 510 R 2.526
(vice. The)-.25 F .025(names in this section refer to the DEC de)2.526 F
.025(vice names for the hardw)-.25 F .025(are, instead of the names)-.1
F(of the special \214les themselv)72 522 Q(es.)-.15 E .051
(The \214le formats and con)72 540 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .051(ntions section \
V documents the structure of particular kinds of \214les; for e).15 F
(xample,)-.15 E .218
(the form of the output of the loader and assembler is gi)72 552 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.717(n. Excluded).15 F .217
(are \214les used by only one command,)2.717 F(for e)72 564 Q
(xample the assembler')-.15 E 2.5(si)-.55 G(ntermediate \214les.)-2.5 E
(User)72 582 Q .764(-maintained programs and subroutines \(sections VI \
and VII\) are not considered part of the)-.2 F F1(UNIX)3.265 E F0(sys-)
3.265 E .014
(tem, and the principal reason for listing them is to indicate their e)
72 594 R .013(xistence without necessarily gi)-.15 F .013(ving a com-)
-.25 F(plete description.)72 606 Q(The authors of the indi)5 E
(vidual programs should be consulted for more information.)-.25 E .898(\
Section VIII discusses commands which are not intended for use by the o\
rdinary user)72 624 R 3.398(,i)-.4 G 3.398(ns)-3.398 G .898
(ome cases be-)-3.398 F .804(cause the)72 636 R 3.304(yd)-.15 G .803(is\
close information in which he is presumably not interested, and in othe\
rs because the)-3.304 F 3.303(yp)-.15 G(er)-3.303 E(-)-.2 E(form pri)72
648 Q(vile)-.25 E(ged functions.)-.15 E .351(Each section consists of a\
 number of independent entries of a page or so each.)72 672 R .351
(The name of the entry is in)5.351 F .502(the upper corners of its page\
s, its preparation date in the upper middle.)72 684 R .501
(Entries within each section are al-)5.501 F 2.51(phabetized. The)72 696
R .01(page numbers of each entry start at 1.)2.51 F .01
(\(The earlier hope for frequent, partial updates of the)5.01 F .942
(manual is clearly in v)72 708 R .942(ain, b)-.25 F .942(ut in an)-.2 F
3.442(ye)-.15 G -.15(ve)-3.692 G .941
(nt it is not feasible to maintain consecuti).15 F 1.241 -.15(ve p)-.25
H .941(age numbering in a).15 F(document lik)72 720 Q 2.5(et)-.1 G
(his.\))-2.5 E(2)285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 3 5
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(All entries are based on a common for\
mat, not all of whose subsections will al)72 96 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G
(ys appear).1 E(.)-.55 E(The)108 114 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5
E F0(section repeats the entry name and gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sav)
.15 G(ery short description of its purpose.)-2.65 E(The)108 132 Q F1
(synopsis)3.606 E F0 1.106
(summarizes the use of the program being described.)3.606 F 3.607(Af)
6.107 G 1.607 -.25(ew c)-3.607 H(on).25 E -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.107
(ntions are used,).15 F(particularly in the Commands section:)108 144 Q
/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Boldface)144 162 Q F0 -.1(wo)2.5 G
(rds are considered literals, and are typed just as the).1 E 2.5(ya)-.15
G(ppear)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E .573(Square brack)144 180 R .573
(ets \( [ ] \) around an ar)-.1 F .573(gument indicate that the ar)-.18
F .572(gument is optional.)-.18 F(When)5.572 E(an ar)144 192 Q
(gument is gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G 2.5(s`)-2.5 G(`name')
-3.24 E(', it al)-.74 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys refers to a \214le name.).1 E
(Ellipses `)144 210 Q -.834(`. . .)-.74 F 1.48 -.74('' a)-.7 H
(re used to sho).74 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(hat the pre)-2.5 E(vious ar)-.25 E
(gument-prototype may be repeated.)-.18 E 3.03<418c>144 228 S .53
(nal con)-3.03 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .53
(ntion is used by the commands themselv).15 F 3.03(es. An)-.15 F(ar)3.03
E .53(gument be)-.18 F .53(ginning with a)-.15 F .494(minus sign `)144
240 R(`_')-.74 E 2.994('i)-.74 G 2.994(so)-2.994 G .494(ften tak)-2.994
F .493(en to mean some sort of \215ag ar)-.1 F .493(gument e)-.18 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.993(ni).15 G 2.993(fi)-2.993 G 2.993(ta)-2.993 G .493
(ppears in a)-2.993 F 1.795(position where a \214le name could appear)
144 252 R 6.795(.T)-.55 G 1.795(herefore, it is unwise to ha)-6.795 F
2.095 -.15(ve \214)-.2 H 1.795(les whose).15 F(names be)144 264 Q
(gin with `)-.15 E(`_')-.74 E('.)-.74 E(The)108 282 Q F1(description)2.5
E F0(section discusses in detail the subject at hand.)2.5 E(The)108 300
Q F1(\214les)2.5 E F0(section gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(st).15 G
(he names of \214les which are b)-2.5 E(uilt into the program.)-.2 E(A)
108 318 Q F1(see also)2.5 E F0(section gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sp)
.15 G(ointers to related information.)-2.5 E(A)108 336 Q F1(dia)4.397 E
(gnostics)-.1 E F0 1.896
(section discusses the diagnostic indications which may be produced.)
4.397 F(Messages)6.896 E(which are intended to be self-e)108 348 Q
(xplanatory are not listed.)-.15 E(The)108 366 Q F1 -.2(bu)3.137 G(gs).2
E F0 .637(section gi)3.137 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.137(sk).15 G(no)-3.137 E
.637(wn b)-.25 F .638(ugs and sometimes de\214ciencies.)-.2 F .638
(Occasionally also the suggested)5.638 F(\214x is described.)108 378 Q
1.211(At the be)72 396 R 1.211
(ginning of this document is a table of contents, or)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.18
G 1.21(nized by section and alphabetically within).05 F .585
(each section.)72 408 R .585(There is also a permuted inde)5.585 F 3.085
(xd)-.15 G(eri)-3.085 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.085(df).15 G .585
(rom the table of contents.)-3.085 F -.4(Wi)5.586 G .586(thin each inde)
.4 F 3.086(xe)-.15 G(ntry)-3.086 E(,)-.65 E .098
(the title of the writeup to which it refers is follo)72 420 R .098
(wed by the appropriate section number in parentheses.)-.25 F(This)5.097
E -.1(fa)72 432 S 1.448(ct is important because there is considerable n\
ame duplication among the sections, arising principally).1 F
(from commands which e)72 444 Q(xist only to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(rcise a particular system call.).15 E(This manual w)72 468 Q
(as prepared using the)-.1 E/F3 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.5 E F0(te)2.5
E(xt editor)-.15 E F1(ed)2.5 E F0(and the formatting program)2.5 E F1
(tr)2.5 E(of)-.45 E(f)-.18 E F0(.)A(3)285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 4 6
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(HO)234.455 96 Q 2.5(WT)-.35 G 2.5(OG)
-2.68 G(ET ST)-2.5 E(AR)-.93 E(TED)-.6 E .176(This section pro)72 126 R
.176(vides the basic information you need to get started on)-.15 F/F1 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.676 E F0 2.676(:h)C .676 -.25(ow t)-2.676 H
2.676(ol).25 G .176(og in and log out, ho)-2.676 F(w)-.25 E .218
(to communicate through your terminal, and ho)72 138 R 2.718(wt)-.25 G
2.718(or)-2.718 G .218(un a program.)-2.718 F .219(See `)5.219 F(`U)-.74
E F1(NIX)A F0 .219(for Be)2.719 F(ginners')-.15 E 2.719('b)-.74 G 2.719
(yB)-2.719 G .219(rian W)-2.719 F(.)-.92 E -.25(Ke)72 150 S
(rnighan for a more complete introduction to the system.).25 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Lo)72 168 Q -.1(gg)-.1 G .719(ing in.).1 F F0 -1.1
(Yo)8.219 G 3.219(um)1.1 G .719(ust call)-3.219 F F1(UNIX)3.219 E F0
.719(from an appropriate terminal.)3.219 F F1(UNIX)5.718 E F0(supports)
3.218 E F1(ASCII)3.218 E F0 .718(terminals typi\214ed by)3.218 F(the)72
180 Q F1(TTY)3.719 E F0 1.22(37, the GE T)3.719 F 1.22
(erminet 300, the Dasi 300, and v)-.7 F 1.22
(arious graphical terminals.)-.25 F -1.1(Yo)6.22 G 3.72(um)1.1 G 1.22
(ust also ha)-3.72 F 1.52 -.15(ve a)-.2 H -.25(va)72 192 S .44(lid user\
 name, which may be obtained, together with the telephone number).25 F
2.94(,f)-.4 G .44(rom the system administra-)-2.94 F 3.23(tors. The)72
204 R .73(same telephone number serv)3.23 F .731
(es terminals operating at all the standard speeds.)-.15 F .731
(After a data con-)5.731 F(nection is established, the login procedure \
depends on what kind of terminal you are using.)72 216 Q F2 .759
(300-baud terminals:)108 234 R F0 .758(Such terminals include the GE T)
8.259 F .758(erminet 300, most display terminals, Ex)-.7 F(e-)-.15 E
.051(cuport, TI, GSI, and certain Anderson-Jacobson terminals.)108 246 R
.051(These terminals generally ha)5.051 F .351 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(peed)
.15 E .232(switch which should be set at `)108 258 R(`300')-.74 E 2.732
('\()-.74 G .232(or `)-2.732 F(`30')-.74 E 2.732('f)-.74 G .232
(or 30 characters per second\) and a half/full duple)-2.732 F(x)-.15 E
.418(switch which should be set at full-duple)108 270 R 2.919(x. \(This)
-.15 F .419(switch will often ha)2.919 F .719 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.919(ob)
.15 G 2.919(ec)-2.919 G .419(hanged since man)-2.919 F(y)-.15 E .525
(other systems require half-duple)108 282 R 3.025(x\). When)-.15 F 3.025
(ac)3.025 G .525(onnection is established, the system types `)-3.025 F
(`login:')-.74 E(';)-.74 E .49(you type your user name, follo)108 294 R
.49(wed by the `)-.25 F(`return')-.74 E 2.99('k)-.74 G -.15(ey)-3.09 G
5.49(.I)-.5 G 2.99(fy)-5.49 G .49(ou ha)-2.99 F .79 -.15(ve a p)-.2 H
(assw).15 E .49(ord, the system asks)-.1 F 1.148(for it and turns of)108
306 R 3.647(ft)-.25 G 1.147(he printer on the terminal so the passw)
-3.647 F 1.147(ord will not appear)-.1 F 6.147(.A)-.55 G 1.147
(fter you ha)-6.147 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(logged in, the `)108 318 Q(`return')
-.74 E(', `)-.74 E(`ne)-.74 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine')-2.5 E(', or `)-.74 E
(`linefeed')-.74 E 2.5('k)-.74 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G 2.5(sw).15 G(ill gi)-2.5
E .3 -.15(ve ex)-.25 H(actly the same results.).15 E/F3 8/Times-Italic@0
SF(TTY)108 336 Q F2 2.035(37 terminal:)4.535 F F0 2.035(When you ha)
9.535 F 2.336 -.15(ve e)-.2 H 2.036
(stablished a data connection, the system types out a fe).15 F(w)-.25 E
-.05(ga)108 348 S 1.012(rbage characters \(the `).05 F(`login:')-.74 E
3.512('m)-.74 G 1.012(essage at the wrong speed\).)-3.512 F 1.011
(Depress the `)6.011 F(`break')-.74 E 3.511('\()-.74 G 1.011(or `)-3.511
F(`inter)-.74 E(-)-.2 E(rupt')108 360 Q .234('\) k)-.74 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
2.734(;t).15 G .234(his is a speed-independent signal to)-2.734 F F1
(UNIX)2.735 E F0 .235(that a 150-baud terminal is in use.)2.735 F .235
(The sys-)5.235 F 1.591(tem then will type `)108 372 R(`login:,)-.74 E
3.071 -.74('' t)-.7 H 1.59
(his time at the correct speed; you respond with your user name.).74 F
.827(From the)108 384 R F1(TTY)3.327 E F0 .827(37 terminal, and an)3.327
F 3.327(yo)-.15 G .827(ther which has the `)-3.327 F(`ne)-.74 E(w-line')
-.25 E 3.327('f)-.74 G .827(unction \(combined carriage)-3.327 F .266
(return and linefeed\), terminate each line you type with the `)108 396
R(`ne)-.74 E(w-line')-.25 E 2.766('k)-.74 G .566 -.15(ey \()-2.866 H F2
(not).15 E F0 .266(the `)2.766 F(`return')-.74 E 2.766('k)-.74 G -.15
(ey)-2.866 G(\).).15 E -.15(Fo)72 414 S 2.795(ra).15 G .296
(ll these terminals, it is important that you type your name in lo)
-2.795 F(wer)-.25 E .296(-case if possible; if you type upper)-.2 F(-)
-.2 E 1.133(case letters,)72 426 R F1(UNIX)3.633 E F0 1.133
(will assume that your terminal cannot generate lo)3.633 F(wer)-.25 E
1.132(-case letters and will translate all)-.2 F(subsequent upper)72 438
Q(-case letters to lo)-.2 E(wer case.)-.25 E .466(The e)72 456 R .466
(vidence that you ha)-.25 F .767 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .467
(uccessfully logged in is that the Shell program will type a `).15 F
(`%')-.74 E 2.967('t)-.74 G 2.967(oy)-2.967 G 2.967(ou. \(The)-2.967 F
(Shell is described belo)72 468 Q 2.5(wu)-.25 G(nder `)-2.5 E(`Ho)-.74 E
2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(or)-2.5 G(un a program.)-2.5 E -.74('')-.7 G(\)).74 E
-.15(Fo)72 486 S 2.819(rm).15 G .319(ore information, consult)-2.819 F
F2 -.1(ge)2.819 G(tty).1 E F0 .319
(\(VIII\), which discusses the login sequence in more detail, and)2.819
F F2(tty)2.818 E F0(\(IV\),)2.818 E(which discusses type)72 498 Q
(writer I/O.)-.25 E F2(Lo)72 516 Q -.1(gg)-.1 G(ing out.).1 E F0
(There are three w)7.5 E(ays to log out:)-.1 E -1.1(Yo)108 534 S 2.5(uc)
1.1 G(an simply hang up the phone.)-2.5 E -1.1(Yo)108 552 S 2.656(uc)1.1
G .157(an log out by typing an end-of-\214le indication \(EO)-2.656 F
2.657(Tc)-.4 G(haracter)-2.657 E 2.657(,c)-.4 G .157(ontrol `)-2.657 F
(`d')-.74 E .157('\) to the Shell.)-.74 F(The)5.157 E
(Shell will terminate and the `)108 564 Q(`login: ')-.74 E 2.5('m)-.74 G
(essage will appear ag)-2.5 E(ain.)-.05 E -1.1(Yo)108 582 S 2.5(uc)1.1 G
(an also log in directly as another user by gi)-2.5 E(ving a)-.25 E F2
(lo)2.5 E(gin)-.1 E F0(command \(I\).)2.5 E F2 .234
(How to communicate thr)72 600 R .234(ough your terminal.)-.45 F F0 .234
(When you type to)7.734 F F1(UNIX)2.734 E F0 2.734(,ag)C .233
(nome deep in the system is g)-2.734 F(ath-)-.05 E .156
(ering your characters and sa)72 612 R .157
(ving them in a secret place.)-.2 F .157(The characters will not be gi)
5.157 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.657(nt).15 G 2.657(oap)-2.657 G .157
(rogram until)-2.657 F(you type a return \(or ne)72 624 Q
(w-line\), as described abo)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F2(Lo)2.5
E -.1(gg)-.1 G(ing in.).1 E F1(UNIX)72 642 Q F0(type)2.824 E .324
(writer I/O is full-duple)-.25 F 2.823(x. It)-.15 F .323
(has full read-ahead, which means that you can type at an)2.823 F 2.823
(yt)-.15 G .323(ime, e)-2.823 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .268
(while a program is typing at you.)72 654 R .269
(Of course, if you type during output, the output will ha)5.268 F .569
-.15(ve t)-.2 H .269(he input char).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.709
(acters interspersed.)72 666 R(Ho)6.709 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.509
-.4(r, w).15 H(hate).4 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.209(ry).15 G 1.709
(ou type will be sa)-4.209 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.208(du).15 G 4.208(pa)
-4.208 G 1.708(nd interpreted in correct sequence.)-4.208 F .146
(There is a limit to the amount of read-ahead, b)72 678 R .146
(ut it is generous and not lik)-.2 F .146(ely to be e)-.1 F .147
(xceeded unless the sys-)-.15 F(tem is in trouble.)72 690 Q
(When the read-ahead limit is e)5 E(xceeded, the system thro)-.15 E
(ws a)-.25 E -.1(wa)-.15 G 2.5(ya).1 G(ll the sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.5(dc).15 G(haracters.)-2.5 E .139(On a type)72 708 R .139
(writer input line, the character `)-.25 F(`@')-.74 E 2.638('k)-.74 G
.138(ills all the characters typed before it, so typing mistak)-2.638 F
.138(es can)-.1 F 1.085(be repaired on a single line.)72 720 R 1.085
(Also, the character `)6.085 F(`#')-.74 E 3.585('e)-.74 G 1.085
(rases the last character typed.)-3.585 F(Successi)6.086 E 1.386 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H 1.086(ses of).15 F(4)285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 5 7
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q -.74(``)72 96 S(#').74 E 3.029('e)-.74
G .529(rase characters back to, b)-3.029 F .529(ut not be)-.2 F .528
(yond, the be)-.15 F .528(ginning of the line.)-.15 F -.74(``)5.528 G
(@').74 E 3.028('a)-.74 G .528(nd `)-3.028 F(`#')-.74 E 3.028('c)-.74 G
.528(an be transmitted)-3.028 F(to a program by preceding them with `)72
108 Q(`\\')-.74 E 2.5('. \(So,)-.74 F(to erase `)2.5 E(`\\')-.74 E
(', you need tw)-.74 E 2.5(o`)-.1 G(`#')-3.24 E -.55('s)-.74 G(\).).55 E
(The)72 126 Q/F1 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(ASCII)2.792 E F0 -.74(``)2.792 G
(delete').74 E 2.792('\()-.74 G .292(a.k.a. `)-2.792 F(`rubout')-.74 E
.292('\) character is not passed to programs b)-.74 F .292
(ut instead generates an)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(interrupt)2.793 E
(signal.)72 138 Q F0 .293(This signal generally causes whate)5.293 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.793(rp).15 G .292(rogram you are running to terminate.)
-2.793 F .292(It is typically used to)5.292 F .657
(stop a long printout that you don')72 150 R 3.157(tw)-.18 G 3.157
(ant. Ho)-3.257 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.457 -.4(r, p).15 H .657
(rograms can arrange either to ignore this signal alto-).4 F(gether)72
162 Q 2.712(,o)-.4 G 2.712(rt)-2.712 G 2.712(ob)-2.712 G 2.711(en)-2.712
G .211(oti\214ed when it happens \(instead of being terminated\).)-2.711
F .211(The editor)5.211 F 2.711(,f)-.4 G .211(or e)-2.711 F .211
(xample, catches in-)-.15 F .463(terrupts and stops what it is doing, i\
nstead of terminating, so that an interrupt can be used to halt an edit\
or)72 174 R(printout without losing the \214le being edited.)72 186 Q
(The)72 204 Q F2(quit)2.996 E F0 .496(signal is generated by typing the)
2.996 F F1(ASCII)2.996 E F0 .496(FS character)2.996 F 5.496(.I)-.55 G
2.996(tn)-5.496 G .496(ot only causes a running program to ter)-2.996 F
(-)-.2 E .06(minate b)72 216 R .06(ut also generates a \214le with the \
core image of the terminated process.)-.2 F .06(Quit is useful for deb)
5.06 F(ugging.)-.2 E .088
(Besides adapting to the speed of the terminal,)72 234 R F1(UNIX)2.588 E
F0 .087(tries to be intelligent about whether you ha)2.588 F .387 -.15
(ve a t)-.2 H(erminal).15 E .423(with the ne)72 246 R .424(w-line funct\
ion or whether it must be simulated with carriage-return and line-feed.)
-.25 F .424(In the latter)5.424 F .152
(case, all input carriage returns are turned to ne)72 258 R .152
(w-line characters \(the standard line delimiter\) and both a car)-.25 F
(-)-.2 E .535(riage return and a line feed are echoed to the terminal.)
72 270 R .535(If you get into the wrong mode, the)5.535 F F2(stty)3.035
E F0(command)3.035 E(\(I\) will rescue you.)72 282 Q -.8(Ta)72 300 S
3.412(bc).8 G .911(haracters are used freely in)-3.412 F F1(UNIX)3.411 E
F0 .911(source programs.)3.411 F .911(If your terminal does not ha)5.911
F 1.211 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .911(he tab function,).15 F 1.09
(you can arrange to ha)72 312 R 1.39 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.091(hem turned i\
nto spaces during output, and echoed as spaces during input.).15 F(The)
6.091 E 1.111(system assumes that tabs are set e)72 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
1.111(ry eight columns.).15 F(Ag)6.111 E 1.111(ain, the)-.05 F F2(stty)
3.611 E F0 1.111(command \(I\) will set or reset this)3.611 F 2.56
(mode. Also,)72 336 R .061(there is a \214le which, if printed on)2.56 F
F1(TTY)2.561 E F0 .061(37 or T)2.561 F .061
(ermiNet 300 terminals, will set the tab stops cor)-.7 F(-)-.2 E
(rectly \()72 348 Q F2(tabs)A F0(\(V\)\).)2.5 E(Section)72 366 Q F2(tty)
2.5 E F0(\(IV\) discusses type)2.5 E(writer I/O more fully)-.25 E(.)-.65
E F2 1.213(How to run a pr)72 384 R -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra).1 G 1.212
(m; the Shell.).15 F F0 1.212(When you ha)8.712 F 1.512 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
1.212(uccessfully logged into).15 F F1(UNIX)3.712 E F0 3.712(,ap)C 1.212
(rogram called the)-3.712 F .127(Shell is listening to your terminal.)72
396 R .127
(The Shell reads typed-in lines, splits them up into a command name and)
5.127 F(ar)72 408 Q .041(guments, and e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .041
(cutes the command.).15 F 2.541(Ac)5.041 G .041(ommand is simply an e)
-2.541 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .04(cutable program.).15 F .04
(The Shell looks \214rst)5.04 F .326(in your current directory \(see ne)
72 420 R .326(xt section\) for a program with the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.827(nn).15 G .327(ame, and if none is there, then in)-2.827 F 2.922
(as)72 432 S .422(ystem directory)-2.922 F 5.422(.T)-.65 G .421
(here is nothing special about system-pro)-5.422 F .421
(vided commands e)-.15 F .421(xcept that the)-.15 F 2.921(ya)-.15 G .421
(re k)-2.921 F .421(ept in)-.1 F 2.5(ad)72 444 S
(irectory where the Shell can \214nd them.)-2.5 E .674
(The command name is al)72 462 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .675(ys the \214rst w).1 F
.675(ord on an input line; it and its ar)-.1 F .675
(guments are separated from one)-.18 F(another by spaces.)72 474 Q .379
(When a program terminates, the Shell will ordinarily re)72 492 R -.05
(ga)-.15 G .378(in control and type a `).05 F(`%')-.74 E 2.878('a)-.74 G
2.878(ty)-2.878 G .378(ou to indicate that)-2.878 F
(it is ready for another command.)72 504 Q(The Shell has man)72 522 Q
2.5(yo)-.15 G
(ther capabilities, which are described in detail in section)-2.5 E F2
(sh)2.5 E F0(\(I\).)1.666 E F2 .398(The curr)72 540 R .398(ent dir)-.37
F(ectory)-.37 E(.)-.55 E F1(UNIX)7.898 E F0 .398
(has a \214le system arranged in a hierarch)2.898 F 2.898(yo)-.05 G
2.898(fd)-2.898 G 2.898(irectories. When)-2.898 F .399(the system ad-)
2.898 F 1.08(ministrator g)72 552 R -2.25 -.2(av e)-.05 H 1.08(you a us\
er name, he also created a directory for you \(ordinarily with the same\
 name as)3.78 F .14(your user name\).)72 564 R .141(When you log in, an)
5.141 F 2.641<798c>-.15 G .141(le name you type is by def)-2.641 F .141
(ault in this directory)-.1 F 5.141(.S)-.65 G .141(ince you are the)
-5.141 F -.25(ow)72 576 S .446(ner of this directory).25 F 2.946(,y)-.65
G .446(ou ha)-2.946 F .746 -.15(ve f)-.2 H .446
(ull permissions to read, write, alter).15 F 2.945(,o)-.4 G 2.945(rd)
-2.945 G(estro)-2.945 E 2.945(yi)-.1 G .445(ts contents.)-2.945 F
(Permissions)5.445 E .655(to ha)72 588 R .955 -.15(ve y)-.2 H .656
(our will with other directories and \214les will ha).15 F .956 -.15
(ve b)-.2 H .656(een granted or denied to you by their o).15 F(wners.)
-.25 E .345(As a matter of observ)72 600 R .345(ed f)-.15 F .345
(act, fe)-.1 F(w)-.25 E F1(UNIX)2.845 E F0 .345(users protect their \
\214les from destruction, let alone perusal, by other)2.845 F(users.)72
612 Q 2.163 -.8(To c)72 630 T .563(hange the current directory \(b).8 F
.563(ut not the set of permissions you were endo)-.2 F .564
(wed with at login\) use)-.25 F F2 -.15(ch)3.064 G(dir).15 E F0(\(I\).)
72 642 Q F2 -.8(Pa)72 660 S .056(th names.).8 F F0 1.656 -.8(To r)7.556
H .056(efer to \214les not in the current directory).8 F 2.556(,y)-.65 G
.056(ou must use a path name.)-2.556 F .056(Full path names be)5.056 F
(gin)-.15 E .525(with `)72 672 R(`/')-.74 E .525
(', the name of the root directory of the whole \214le system.)-.74 F
.526(After the slash comes the name of each)5.526 F .49
(directory containing the ne)72 684 R .49(xt sub-directory \(follo)-.15
F .49(wed by a `)-.25 F(`/')-.74 E .49
('\) until \214nally the \214le name is reached.)-.74 F(E.g.:)5.49 E F2
1.666(/u)72 696 S -.834(sr/ lem/ \214le)-1.666 F(x)-.2 E F0 .466
(refers to the \214le)2.965 F F2(\214le)2.966 E(x)-.2 E F0 .466
(in the directory)2.966 F F2 .466(lem; lem)2.966 F F0 .466
(is itself a subdirectory of)2.966 F F2 .466(usr; usr)2.966 F F0 .466
(springs di-)2.966 F(rectly from the root directory)72 708 Q(.)-.65 E
.356(If your current directory has subdirectories, the path names of \
\214les therein be)72 726 R .355(gin with the name of the sub-)-.15 F(5)
285.5 774 Q EP
%%Page: 6 8
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(directory \(no pre\214x)72 96 Q(ed `)
-.15 E(`/')-.74 E('\).)-.74 E -.4(Wi)72 114 S(thout important e).4 E
(xception, a path name may be used an)-.15 E
(ywhere a \214le name is required.)-.15 E .833
(Important commands which modify the contents of \214les are)72 132 R/F1
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cp)3.333 E F0(\(I\),)3.333 E F1(mv)3.333 E F0 .833
(\(I\), and)3.333 F F1(rm)3.333 E F0 .833(\(I\), which respecti)3.333 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(cop)72 144 Q 1.317 -.65(y, m)-.1 H .317 -.15
(ove \().65 H .017(i.e. rename\) and remo).15 F .317 -.15(ve \214)-.15 H
2.517(les. T).15 F 2.517<6f8c>-.8 G .016
(nd out the status of \214les or directories, use)-2.517 F F1(ls)2.516 E
F0 2.516(\(I\). See)2.516 F F1(mkdir)2.516 E F0
(\(I\) for making directories;)72 156 Q F1(rmdir)2.5 E F0
(\(I\) for destro)2.5 E(ying them.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)72 174 S 2.86(raf).15 G
.36(uller discussion of the \214le system, see `)-2.86 F(`The)-.74 E/F2
8/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.861 E F0 -.35(Ti)2.861 G .361
(me-Sharing System,).35 F 1.841 -.74('' b)-.7 H 2.861(yt).74 G .361
(he present authors.)-2.861 F(It)5.361 E .846(may also be useful to gla\
nce through section II of this manual, which discusses system calls, e)
72 186 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.346(ni).15 G 3.346(fy)-3.346 G(ou)-3.346 E
(don')72 198 Q 2.5(ti)-.18 G(ntend to deal with the system at that le)
-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 .519(Writing a pr)72 216 R -.1(og)-.45
G -.15(ra).1 G(m.).15 E F0 2.12 -.8(To e)8.02 H .52(nter the te).8 F .52
(xt of a source program into a)-.15 F F2(UNIX)3.02 E F0 .52(\214le, use)
3.02 F F1(ed)3.02 E F0 3.02(\(I\). The)3.02 F .52(three principal)3.02 F
.254(languages in)72 228 R F2(UNIX)2.754 E F0 .254
(are assembly language \(see)2.754 F F1(as)2.754 E F0 .254(\(I\)\), F)
2.754 F .254(ortran \(see)-.15 F F1(fc)2.754 E F0 .254
(\(I\)\), and C \(see)2.754 F F1(cc)2.754 E F0 2.754(\(I\)\). After)
2.754 F .253(the pro-)2.753 F .478(gram te)72 240 R .478(xt has been en\
tered through the editor and written on a \214le, you can gi)-.15 F .779
-.15(ve t)-.25 H .479(he \214le to the appropriate).15 F .642
(language processor as an ar)72 252 R 3.142(gument. The)-.18 F .641
(output of the language processor will be left on a \214le in the cur)
3.142 F(-)-.2 E .034(rent directory named `)72 264 R(`a.out')-.74 E
2.534('. \(If)-.74 F .034(the output is precious, use)2.534 F F1(mv)
2.534 E F0 .034(to mo)2.534 F .334 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.534(tt).15 G 2.534
(oal)-2.534 G .034(ess e)-2.534 F .034(xposed name soon.\))-.15 F(If)
5.034 E .528(you wrote in assembly language, you will probably need to \
load the program with library subroutines; see)72 276 R F1(ld)72 288 Q
F0 2.5(\(I\). The)2.5 F(other tw)2.5 E 2.5(ol)-.1 G
(anguage processors call the loader automatically)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 1.138
(When you ha)72 306 R 1.438 -.15(ve \214)-.2 H 1.139
(nally gone through this entire process without pro).15 F -.2(vo)-.15 G
1.139(king an).2 F 3.639(yd)-.15 G 1.139(iagnostics, the resulting)
-3.639 F(program can be run by gi)72 318 Q
(ving its name to the Shell in response to the `)-.25 E(`%')-.74 E 2.5
('p)-.74 G(rompt.)-2.5 E(Ne)72 336 Q .59(xt, you will need)-.15 F F1
(cdb)3.09 E F0 .59(\(I\) or)3.09 F F1(db)3.09 E F0 .59(\(I\) to e)3.09 F
.59(xamine the remains of your program.)-.15 F .59
(The former is useful for C)5.59 F
(programs, the latter for assembly-language.)72 348 Q(No deb)5 E
(ugger is much help for F)-.2 E(ortran.)-.15 E -1.1(Yo)72 366 S
(ur programs can recei)1.1 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
(uments from the command line just as system programs do.).18 E(See)5 E
F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ec).2 E F0(\(II\).)2.5 E F1 -.86 -.92(Te x)72 384 T
2.574(tp).92 G -.45(ro)-2.574 G(cessing).45 E(.)-.15 E F0 .074
(Almost all te)7.574 F .075(xt is entered through the editor)-.15 F
5.075(.T)-.55 G .075(he commands most often used to write te)-5.075 F
(xt)-.15 E(on a terminal are:)72 396 Q F1(cat, pr)2.5 E 2.5(,r)-1.11 G
(of)-2.95 E .2 -.1(f, n)-.18 H -.45(ro).1 G -2.24 -.18(ff ,).45 H F0
(and)2.68 E F1(tr)2.5 E(of)-.45 E -.1(f,)-.18 G F0(all in section I.)2.6
E(The)72 414 Q F1(cat)3.556 E F0 1.056(command simply dumps)3.556 F F2
(ASCII)3.556 E F0(te)3.556 E 1.056
(xt on the terminal, with no processing at all.)-.15 F(The)6.056 E F1
(pr)3.556 E F0(command)3.556 E .464(paginates the te)72 426 R .464
(xt, supplies headings, and has a f)-.15 F .464
(acility for multi-column output.)-.1 F F1 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)5.465 H -.18
(ff).55 G F0(and)3.145 E F1(nr)2.965 E(of)-.45 E(f)-.18 E F0 .465
(are elabo-)2.965 F .714(rate te)72 438 R .714(xt formatting programs, \
and require careful forethought in entering both the te)-.15 F .714
(xt and the formatting)-.15 F .716(commands into the input \214le.)72
450 R F1 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)5.717 H -.18(ff).55 G F0(dri)3.397 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.217(saG).15 G .717(raphic Systems phototypesetter; it w)-3.217
F .717(as used to produce this)-.1 F(manual.)72 462 Q F1(Nr)5.464 E(of)
-.45 E(f)-.18 E F0 .463(produces output on a type)2.964 F .463
(writer terminal.)-.25 F F1(Rof)5.463 E(f)-.18 E F0 .463
(\(I\) is a some)2.963 F .463(what less elaborate te)-.25 F .463
(xt format-)-.15 F(ting program, and requires some)72 474 Q
(what less forethought.)-.25 E F1(Surprises.)72 492 Q F0 .668
(Certain commands pro)8.168 F .668(vide inter)-.15 F .668
(-user communication.)-.2 F(Ev)5.669 E .669
(en if you do not plan to use them, it)-.15 F -.1(wo)72 504 S(uld be we\
ll to learn something about them, because someone else may aim them at \
you.).1 E 3.162 -.8(To c)72 522 T 1.562
(ommunicate with another user currently logged in,).8 F F1(write)4.062 E
F0 1.562(\(I\) is used;)4.062 F F1(mail)4.062 E F0 1.561(\(I\) will lea)
4.062 F 1.861 -.15(ve a m)-.2 H(essage).15 E .401
(whose presence will be announced to another user when he ne)72 534 R
.402(xt logs in.)-.15 F .402(The write-ups in the manual also)5.402 F
(suggest ho)72 546 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(or)-2.5 G(espond to the tw)-2.5 E
2.5(oc)-.1 G(ommands if you are a tar)-2.5 E(get.)-.18 E(When you log i\
n, a message-of-the-day may greet you before the \214rst `)72 564 Q(`%')
-.74 E('.)-.74 E(6)285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 7 9
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q -.93(TA)273.355 96 S(BLE OF CONTENTS)
.93 E(I. COMMANDS)144 126 Q(ar)144 144 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 7.5
(...................)14.38 G F0(archi)15.85 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
(nd library maintainer).15 E(as)144 156 Q F1 7.5
(............................)13.82 G F0(assembler)6.26 E(bas)144 168 Q
F1 7.5(............................)18.82 G F0(basic)15.7 E(bc)144 180 Q
F1 7.5(...............)22.71 G F0(arbitrary precision interacti)9.75 E
.3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(anguage).15 E(cat)144 192 Q F1 7.5
(......................)20.49 G F0(concatenate and print)10.72 E(cc)144
204 Q F1 7.5(..........................)23.27 G F0 2.5(Cc)11.53 G
(ompiler)-2.5 E(cdb)144 216 Q F1 7.5(..........................)17.71 G
F0 2.5(Cd)10.07 G(eb)-2.5 E(ugger)-.2 E(chdir)144 228 Q F1 7.5
(...................)21.6 G F0(change w)13.6 E(orking directory)-.1 E
(chmod)144 240 Q F1 7.5(........................)14.93 G F0(change mode)
13.21 E(cmp)144 252 Q F1 7.5(.......................)14.93 G F0
(compare tw)15.25 E 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G(les)-2.5 E(comm)144 264 Q F1 7.5
(.................)17.15 G F0(print lines common to tw)11.62 E 2.5<6f8c>
-.1 G(les)-2.5 E(cp)144 276 Q F1 7.5(.............................)22.71
G F0(cop)6.91 E(y)-.1 E(cref)144 288 Q F1 7.5(...................)16.61
G F0(mak)14.44 E 2.5(ec)-.1 G(ross reference listing)-2.5 E(date)144 300
Q F1 7.5(......................)15.49 G F0(print and set the date)12.93
E(db)144 312 Q F1 7.5(............................)22.15 G F0(deb)12.01
E(ug)-.2 E(dc)144 324 Q F1 7.5(........................)22.71 G F0
(desk calculator)15.99 E(dd)144 336 Q F1 7.5(.....................)22.15
G F0(con)15.81 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt and cop).15 E 2.5(ya\214)-.1 G(le)-2.5
E(dif)144 348 Q(f)-.25 E F1 7.5(....................)17.96 G F0(dif)8.75
E(ferential \214le comparator)-.25 E(dsw)144 360 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)16.04 G F0(delete interacti)10.28 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ly).15 E(du)144 372 Q F1 7.5(......................)22.15 G F0
(summarize disk usage)7.93 E(echo)144 384 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)23.27 G F0(echo ar)10.89 E(guments)-.18 E(ed)
144 396 Q F1 7.5(..........................)22.71 G F0(te)15.57 E
(xt editor)-.15 E(eqn)144 408 Q F1 7.5(......................)17.71 G F0
(typeset mathematics)14.87 E -.15(ex)144 420 S(it).15 E F1 7.5
(.....................)17.3 G F0(terminate command \214le)11.26 E(fc)144
432 Q F1 7.5(.........................)14.38 G F0 -.15(Fo)8.91 G
(rtran compiler).15 E(\214le)144 444 Q F1 7.5(.......................)
19.37 G F0(determine \214le type)11.26 E(\214nd)144 456 Q F1 7.5
(...........................)16.59 G F0(\214nd \214les)11.52 E(goto)144
468 Q F1 7.5(.......................)14.37 G F0(command transfer)13.77 E
(grep)144 480 Q F1 7.5(.....................)14.38 G F0
(search a \214le for a pattern)7.12 E(if)144 492 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)16.04 G F0(conditional command)9.31 E(kill)144
504 Q F1 7.5(.......................)18.81 G F0(terminate a process)9.05
E(ld)144 516 Q F1 7.5(...........................)14.37 G F0
(link editor)14.86 E(ln)144 528 Q F1 7.5(...........................)
14.37 G F0(mak)9.69 E 2.5(eal)-.1 G(ink)-2.5 E(login)144 540 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)21.59 G F0(sign onto UNIX)11.81 E(ls)144 552 Q
F1 7.5(......................)15.48 G F0(list contents of directory)8.76
E(mail)144 564 Q F1 7.5(...................)14.37 G F0
(send mail to designated users)9.04 E(man)144 576 Q F1 7.5
(..................)14.93 G F0(run of)7.92 E 2.5(fs)-.25 G
(ection of UNIX manual)-2.5 E(mesg)144 588 Q F1 7.5
(....................)21.04 G F0(permit or den)7.25 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G
(essages)-2.5 E(mkdir)144 600 Q F1 7.5(.......................)18.26 G
F0(mak)9.15 E 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory)-2.5 E(mv)144 612 Q F1 7.5
(......................)19.37 G F0(mo)9.35 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 2.5(rr)
.15 G(ename a \214le)-2.5 E(neqn)144 624 Q F1 7.5(.................)
22.71 G F0(typeset mathematics on terminal)6.54 E(ne)144 636 Q(wgrp)-.25
E F1 7.5(....................)22.41 G F0(log in to a ne)11.23 E 2.5(wg)
-.25 G(roup)-2.5 E(nice)144 648 Q F1 7.5(..................)15.49 G F0
(run a command at lo)14.57 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(riority)-2.5 E(nm)144 660 Q
F1 7.5(.........................)19.37 G F0(print name list)8.47 E
(nohup)144 672 Q F1 7.5(...............)17.15 G F0
(run a command immune to hangups)12.65 E(nrof)144 684 Q(f)-.25 E F1 7.5
(.........................)22.41 G F0(format te)12.24 E(xt)-.15 E(od)144
696 Q F1 7.5(..........................)22.15 G F0(octal dump)11.53 E
(opr)144 708 Q F1 7.5(.........................)18.82 G F0(of)15.95 E
2.5(fl)-.25 G(ine print)-2.5 E(passwd)144 720 Q F1 7.5
(...................)22.71 G F0(change login passw)14.7 E(ord)-.1 E(7)
285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 8 10
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(pfe)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 7.5
(.....................)19.38 G F0(print \215oating e)13.07 E(xception)
-.15 E(pr)144 108 Q F1 7.5(............................)13.82 G F0
(print \214le)12.08 E(prof)144 120 Q F1 7.5(.......................)
15.49 G F0(display pro\214le data)9.59 E(ps)144 132 Q F1 7.5
(.........................)23.26 G F0(process status)10.98 E(pwd)144 144
Q F1 7.5(.....................)14.93 G F0 -.1(wo)10.26 G
(rking directory name).1 E(rc)144 156 Q F1 7.5
(.........................)14.38 G F0(Ratfor compiler)12.65 E(re)144 168
Q(v)-.25 E F1 7.5(......................)19.63 G F0(re)13.34 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(rse lines of a \214le).15 E(rm)144 180 Q F1 7.5
(......................)21.04 G F0(remo)12.67 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H
(unlink\) \214les).15 E(rmdir)144 192 Q F1 7.5(.......................)
19.93 G F0(remo)7.96 E .3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory).15 E(rof)144 204 Q
(f)-.25 E F1 7.5(..........................)17.41 G F0(format te)12.24 E
(xt)-.15 E(sh)144 216 Q F1 7.5(...................)23.26 G F0
(shell \(command interpreter\))14.61 E(shift)144 228 Q F1 7.5
(.....................)14.37 G F0(adjust Shell ar)15.32 E(guments)-.18 E
(size)144 240 Q F1 7.5(......................)16.6 G F0
(size of an object \214le)15.71 E(sleep)144 252 Q F1 7.5
(................)21.6 G F0(suspend e)14.05 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution for an interv).15 E(al)-.25 E(sort, usort)144 264 Q F1 7.5
(....................)22.15 G F0(sort or mer)13.94 E(ge \214les)-.18 E
(spell)144 276 Q F1 7.5(......................)23.26 G F0
(\214nd spelling errors)10.7 E(split)144 288 Q F1 7.5
(......................)14.92 G F0(split a \214le into pieces)11.25 E
(strip)144 300 Q F1 7.5(................)14.37 G F0(remo)14.34 E .3 -.15
(ve s)-.15 H(ymbols and relocation bits).15 E(stty)144 312 Q F1 7.5
(......................)17.7 G F0(set type)9.84 E(writer options)-.25 E
(tee)144 324 Q F1 7.5(..........................)20.49 G F0
(pipe \214tting)12.63 E(time)144 336 Q F1 7.5(........................)
14.37 G F0(time a command)9.59 E(tp)144 348 Q F1 7.5(..................)
14.37 G F0(manipulate DECtape and magtape)9.33 E(tr)144 360 Q F1 7.5
(...........................)16.04 G F0(transliterate)9.04 E(trof)144
372 Q(f)-.25 E F1 7.5(..........................)14.63 G F0(format te)
12.24 E(xt)-.15 E(tty)144 384 Q F1 7.5(.......................)21.59 G
F0(get type)6.52 E(writer name)-.25 E(typo)144 396 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)14.37 G F0(\214nd possible typos)11.24 E(uniq)
144 408 Q F1 7.5(...................)14.37 G F0
(report repeated lines in a \214le)12.11 E -.1(wa)144 420 S(it).1 E F1
7.5(...................)15.03 G F0 -2.3 -.15(aw a)14.02 H
(it completion of process).15 E(wc)144 432 Q F1 7.5
(..........................)20.49 G F0 -.1(wo)11.08 G(rd count).1 E(who)
144 444 Q F1 7.5(......................)14.93 G F0(who is on the system)
12.36 E(write)144 456 Q F1 7.5(.....................)21.6 G F0
(write to another user)13.77 E(yacc)144 468 Q F1 7.5(..................)
13.83 G F0(yet another compiler)14.81 E(-compiler)-.2 E
(II. SYSTEM CALLS)144 498 Q(intro)144 516 Q F1 7.5(..................)
23.26 G F0(introduction to system calls)15.97 E(break, brk, sbrk)144 528
Q F1 7.5(.................)19.39 G F0(change core allocation)6.28 E
(chdir)144 540 Q F1 7.5(...................)21.6 G F0(change w)13.6 E
(orking directory)-.1 E(chmod)144 552 Q F1 7.5(......................)
14.93 G F0(change mode of \214le)7.1 E(cho)144 564 Q(wn)-.25 E F1 7.5
(................)15.74 G F0(change o)14.87 E
(wner and group of a \214le)-.25 E(close)144 576 Q F1 7.5
(.........................)21.6 G F0(close a \214le)13.48 E(creat)144
588 Q F1 7.5(.......................)22.72 G F0(create a ne)11.25 E 2.5
<778c>-.25 G(le)-2.5 E(csw)144 600 Q F1 7.5(......................)16.6
G F0(read console switches)9.05 E(dup)144 612 Q F1 7.5
(..................)17.15 G F0(duplicate an open \214le descriptor)7.94
E -.15(exe)144 624 S(c, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cl, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(cv).15 E F1 7.5(...................)20.31 G F0 -.15(exe)13.79 G
(cute a \214le).15 E -.15(ex)144 636 S(it).15 E F1 7.5
(.......................)17.3 G F0(terminate process)15.99 E(fork)144
648 Q F1 7.5(.......................)15.49 G F0(spa)9.45 E(wn ne)-.15 E
2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess)-2.5 E(fstat)144 660 Q F1 7.5
(......................)14.93 G F0(get status of open \214le)10.7 E
(getgid)144 672 Q F1 7.5(....................)17.15 G F0
(get group identi\214cations)9.03 E(getpid)144 684 Q F1 7.5
(....................)17.15 G F0(get process identi\214cation)6.26 E
(getuid)144 696 Q F1 7.5(....................)17.15 G F0
(get user identi\214cations)15.7 E(gtty)144 708 Q F1 7.5
(......................)16.59 G F0(get type)15.4 E(writer status)-.25 E
(indir)144 720 Q F1 7.5(......................)23.26 G F0
(indirect system call)8.48 E(8)285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 9 11
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(kill)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
7.5(.....................)18.81 G F0(send signal to a process)11.82 E
(link)144 108 Q F1 7.5(..........................)16.59 G F0
(link to a \214le)8.19 E(mknod)144 120 Q F1 7.5(................)14.37 G
F0(mak)15.83 E 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory or a special \214le)-2.5 E(mount)
144 132 Q F1 7.5(......................)16.59 G F0(mount \214le system)
15.13 E(nice)144 144 Q F1 7.5(.......................)15.49 G F0
(set program priority)6.26 E(open)144 156 Q F1 7.5(...................)
22.71 G F0(open for reading or writing)7.94 E(pipe)144 168 Q F1 7.5
(..................)14.93 G F0(create an interprocess channel)16.02 E
(pro\214l)144 180 Q F1 7.5(.....................)20.48 G F0 -.15(exe)
8.78 G(cution time pro\214le).15 E(ptrace)144 192 Q F1 7.5
(........................)17.72 G F0(process trace)14.33 E(read)144 204
Q F1 7.5(.........................)14.94 G F0(read from \214le)11.82 E
(seek)144 216 Q F1 7.5(.....................)14.38 G F0(mo)10.46 E .3
-.15(ve r)-.15 H(ead/write pointer).15 E(setgid)144 228 Q F1 7.5
(.....................)18.26 G F0(set process group ID)13.77 E(setuid)
144 240 Q F1 7.5(......................)18.26 G F0(set process user ID)
10.44 E(signal)144 252 Q F1 7.5(....................)18.26 G F0
(catch or ignore signals)15.99 E(sleep)144 264 Q F1 7.5
(...................)21.6 G F0(stop e)11.54 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution for interv).15 E(al)-.25 E(stat)144 276 Q F1 7.5
(.........................)18.26 G F0(get \214le status)13.47 E(stime)
144 288 Q F1 7.5(..........................)20.48 G F0(set time)14.86 E
(stty)144 300 Q F1 7.5(.....................)17.7 G F0(set mode of type)
16.24 E(writer)-.25 E(sync)144 312 Q F1 7.5(.......................)
13.82 G F0(update super)10.08 E(-block)-.2 E(time)144 324 Q F1 7.5
(........................)14.37 G F0(get date and time)7.65 E(times)144
336 Q F1 7.5(.......................)20.48 G F0(get process times)7.37 E
(umount)144 348 Q F1 7.5(....................)21.59 G F0
(dismount \214le system)13.46 E(unlink)144 360 Q F1 7.5
(....................)16.59 G F0(remo)14.91 E .3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H
(irectory entry).15 E -.1(wa)144 372 S(it).1 E F1 7.5
(...................)15.03 G F0 -.1(wa)11.93 G
(it for process to terminate).1 E(write)144 384 Q F1 7.5
(........................)21.6 G F0(write on a \214le)10.98 E(III. SUBR)
144 414 Q(OUTINES)-.4 E(abort)144 432 Q F1 7.5(.....................)
21.6 G F0(generate an IO)10.95 E 2.5(Tf)-.4 G(ault)-2.6 E(abs, f)144 444
Q(abs)-.1 E F1 7.5(.......................)17.26 G F0(absolute v)9.01 E
(alue)-.25 E(alloc, free)144 456 Q F1 7.5(......................)22.17 G
F0(core allocator)11.55 E(atan, atan2)144 468 Q F1 7.5
(....................)18.83 G F0(arc tangent function)6.27 E(atof)144
480 Q F1 7.5(....................)16.6 G F0(con)14.86 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt ASCII to \215oating).15 E(atoi)144 492 Q F1 7.5
(.....................)17.15 G F0(con)7.8 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt ASCII to inte).15 E(ger)-.15 E(crypt)144 504 Q F1 7.5
(......................)21.6 G F0(passw)9.42 E(ord encoding)-.1 E
(ctime, localtime, gmtime)144 516 Q F1 7.5(.........)22.15 G F0(con)
11.54 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt date and time to ASCII).15 E(ecvt, fcvt)144 528
Q F1 7.5(.....................)14.94 G F0(output con)14.86 E -.15(ve)-.4
G(rsion).15 E(end, ete)144 540 Q(xt, edata)-.15 E F1 7.5
(................)17.32 G F0(last locations in program)7.09 E -.15(ex)
144 552 S(p).15 E F1 7.5(......................)17.86 G F0 -.15(ex)13.91
G(ponential function).15 E(\215oor)144 564 Q 2.5(,c)-.4 G(eil)-2.5 E F1
7.5(..................)14.22 G F0(\215oor and ceiling functions)10.98 E
(fmod)144 576 Q F1 7.5(....................)21.04 G F0
(\215oating modulo function)6.8 E(fptrap)144 588 Q F1 7.5
(....................)18.27 G F0(\215oating point interpreter)8.48 E
-.05(ga)144 600 S(mma).05 E F1 7.5(....................)22.76 G F0
(log g)15.75 E(amma function)-.05 E(getar)144 612 Q(g, iar)-.18 E(gc)
-.18 E F1 7.5(...........)22.53 G F0(get command ar)14.38 E
(guments from F)-.18 E(ortran)-.15 E(getc, getw)144 624 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G
(open)-2.5 E F1 7.5(....................)13.93 G F0 -.2(bu)9.77 G -.25
(ff).2 G(ered input).25 E(getchar)144 636 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)22.72 G F0(read character)9.9 E(getpw)144 648 Q
F1 7.5(......................)17.71 G F0(get name from UID)7.66 E(hmul)
144 660 Q F1 7.5(......................)21.59 G F0(high-order product)
10.99 E(ierror)144 672 Q F1 7.5(......................)19.94 G F0
(catch F)7.54 E(ortran errors)-.15 E(ldi)144 684 Q 1.3 -.65(v, l)-.25 H
(rem).65 E F1 7.5(.......................)14.16 G F0(long di)13.99 E
(vision)-.25 E(locv)144 696 Q F1 7.5(.....................)14.93 G F0
(long output con)14.58 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15 E(log)144 708 Q F1 7.5
(........................)19.37 G F0(natural log)7.14 E(arithm)-.05 E
(monitor)144 720 Q F1 7.5(...................)20.48 G F0(prepare e)6.58
E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution pro\214le).15 E(9)285.5 768 Q EP
%%Page: 10 12
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(nar)144 96 Q(gs)-.18 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 7.5(.......................)20.67 G F0(ar)13.94 E
(gument count)-.18 E(nlist)144 108 Q F1 7.5(....................)14.92 G
F0(get entries from name list)14.04 E(perror)144 120 Q 2.5(,s)-.4 G
(yserrlist, sysnerr)-2.5 E 2.5(,e)-.4 G(rrno)-2.5 E F1 7.5(...........)
17.43 G F0(system error messages)6.27 E(po)144 132 Q(w)-.25 E F1 7.5
(.....................)15.18 G F0(\215oating e)13.9 E(xponentiation)-.15
E(printf)144 144 Q F1 7.5(.......................)19.93 G F0
(formatted print)15.98 E(putc, putw)144 156 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G(creat, f)
-2.5 E(\215ush)-.25 E F1 7.5(................)15.29 G F0 -.2(bu)14.77 G
-.25(ff).2 G(ered output).25 E(putchar)144 168 Q 2.5<2c8d>-.4 G(ush)-2.5
E F1 7.5(.....................)18.11 G F0(write character)6.56 E(qsort)
144 180 Q F1 7.5(.........................)22.15 G F0(quick)8.86 E
(er sort)-.1 E(rand, srand)144 192 Q F1 7.5(.................)17.72 G F0
(random number generator)12.39 E(reset, sete)144 204 Q(xit)-.15 E F1 7.5
(.................)22.31 G F0 -.15(exe)15.46 G(cute non-local goto).15 E
(set\214l)144 216 Q F1 7.5(...................)22.7 G F0(specify F)16.14
E(ortran \214le name)-.15 E(sin, cos)144 228 Q F1 7.5
(...................)22.15 G F0(trigonometric functions)12.09 E(sqrt)144
240 Q F1 7.5(......................)17.15 G F0(square root function)
15.71 E(ttyn)144 252 Q F1 7.5(.................)16.59 G F0
(return name of current type)13.21 E(writer)-.25 E(IV)144 282 Q 2.5(.S)
-1.29 G(PECIAL FILES)-2.5 E(cat)144 300 Q F1 7.5(.....................)
20.49 G F0(phototypesetter interf)7.21 E(ace)-.1 E(dc)144 312 Q F1 7.5
(.................)22.71 G F0(DC-11 communications interf)13.04 E(ace)
-.1 E(dh)144 324 Q F1 7.5(................)22.15 G F0
(DH-11 communications multiple)11.56 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(r).15 E(dn)144 336
Q F1 7.5(......................)22.15 G F0(DN-11 A)7.89 E(CU interf)-.4
E(ace)-.1 E(dp)144 348 Q F1 7.5(..................)22.15 G F0
(DP-11 201 data-phone interf)8.33 E(ace)-.1 E(hp)144 360 Q F1 7.5
(..................)22.15 G F0(RH-11/RP04 mo)9.73 E(ving-head disk)-.15
E(hs)144 372 Q F1 7.5(...............)23.26 G F0(RH11/RS03-RS04 \214x)
12.78 E(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E(ht)144 384 Q F1 7.5
(..................)14.37 G F0(RH-11/TU-16 magtape interf)15.83 E(ace)
-.1 E(kl)144 396 Q F1 7.5(...............)14.37 G F0
(KL-11 or DL-11 asynchronous interf)14.73 E(ace)-.1 E(lp)144 408 Q F1
7.5(...........................)14.37 G F0(line printer)12.09 E
(mem, kmem, null)144 420 Q F1 7.5(...................)21.59 G F0
(core memory)13.21 E(pc)144 432 Q F1 7.5(..................)22.71 G F0
(PC-11 paper tape reader/punch)12.12 E(rf)144 444 Q F1 7.5
(...................)15.49 G F0(RF11/RS11 \214x)10 E
(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E(rk)144 456 Q F1 7.5(....................)
13.82 G F0(RK-11/RK03 \(or RK05\) disk)9.31 E(rp)144 468 Q F1 7.5
(...................)13.82 G F0(RP-11/RP03 mo)11.39 E(ving-head disk)
-.15 E(tc)144 480 Q F1 7.5(......................)14.93 G F0
(TC-11/TU56 DECtape)14.87 E(tm)144 492 Q F1 7.5(.................)21.59
G F0(TM-11/TU-10 magtape interf)14.72 E(ace)-.1 E(tty)144 504 Q F1 7.5
(...................)21.59 G F0(general type)16.09 E(writer interf)-.25
E(ace)-.1 E 2.58 -1.29(V. F)144 534 T(ILE FORMA)1.29 E
(TS AND CONVENTIONS)-1.11 E(a.out)144 552 Q F1 7.5(.................)
22.43 G F0(assembler and link editor output)7.37 E(ar)144 564 Q F1 7.5
(.....................)14.38 G F0(archi)6.96 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H
(library\) \214le format).15 E(ascii)144 576 Q F1 7.5
(....................)13.82 G F0(map of ASCII character set)6.84 E(core)
144 588 Q F1 7.5(.....................)14.94 G F0
(format of core image \214le)6.83 E(dir)144 600 Q F1 7.5
(......................)21.04 G F0(format of directories)14.05 E(dump)
144 612 Q F1 7.5(.................)19.37 G F0
(incremental dump tape format)15.44 E(fs)144 624 Q F1 7.5
(....................)14.93 G F0(format of \214le system v)10.9 E(olume)
-.2 E(greek)144 636 Q F1 7.5(..............)19.94 G F0(graphics for e)
7.55 E(xtended TTY)-.15 E(-37 type-box)-1.11 E(group)144 648 Q F1 7.5
(..........................)18.82 G F0(group \214le)7.64 E(mtab)144 660
Q F1 7.5(...................)22.15 G F0(mounted \214le system table)
13.75 E(passwd)144 672 Q F1 7.5(.......................)22.71 G F0
(passw)13.3 E(ord \214le)-.1 E(tabs)144 684 Q F1 7.5
(..........................)16.04 G F0(set tab stops)7.36 E(tp)144 696 Q
F1 7.5(......................)14.37 G F0(DEC/mag tape formats)14.04 E
(ttys)144 708 Q F1 7.5(...................)17.7 G F0(type)13.18 E
(writer initialization data)-.25 E(utmp)144 720 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)21.59 G F0(user information)9.87 E(10)283 768 Q
EP
%%Page: 11 13
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(wtmp)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
7.5(......................)19.37 G F0(user login history)16.25 E
(VI. USER MAINT)144 126 Q(AINED PR)-.93 E(OGRAMS)-.4 E(azel)144 144 Q F1
7.5(.......................)16.05 G F0(satellite predictions)8.2 E(bj)
144 156 Q F1 7.5(......................)14.37 G F0(the g)15.77 E
(ame of black jack)-.05 E(cal)144 168 Q F1 7.5
(.........................)20.49 G F0(print calendar)10.99 E(chess)144
180 Q F1 7.5(......................)20.49 G F0(the g)14.93 E
(ame of chess)-.05 E(col)144 192 Q F1 7.5(.....................)19.93 G
F0(\214lter re)15.29 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse line feeds).15 E(cubic)144 204
Q F1 7.5(..................)20.49 G F0(three dimensional tic-tac-toe)
11.83 E -.1(fa)144 216 S(ctor).1 E F1 7.5(................)18.93 G F0
(disco)6.41 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rp).15 G(rime f)-2.5 E
(actors of a number)-.1 E(fed)144 228 Q F1 7.5(.....................)
19.38 G F0(edit form letter memory)10.43 E(form)144 240 Q F1 7.5
(.....................)22.71 G F0(form letter generator)13.5 E(graph)144
252 Q F1 7.5(........................)19.38 G F0(dra)14.2 E 2.5(wag)-.15
G(raph)-2.5 E(gsi)144 264 Q F1 7.5(...........)20.48 G F0(interpret e)
14.23 E(xtended character set on GSI terminal)-.15 E(m6)144 276 Q F1 7.5
(..................)19.37 G F0(general purpose macroprocessor)6.85 E
(moo)144 288 Q F1 7.5(.........................)14.37 G F0(guessing g)
7.14 E(ame)-.05 E(plot: tek, gsip, vt0)144 300 Q F1 7.5
(...................)19.64 G F0(graphics \214lters)7.09 E(primes)144 312
Q F1 7.5(...............)14.93 G F0(print all primes lar)6.98 E
(ger than some)-.18 E(what)-.25 E(quiz)144 324 Q F1 7.5
(......................)14.93 G F0(test your kno)15.4 E(wledge)-.25 E
(sk)144 336 Q(y)-.15 E F1 7.5(.......................)18.41 G F0
(obtain ephemerides)8.21 E(sno)144 348 Q F1 7.5(.......................)
18.26 G F0(Snobol interpreter)13.76 E(speak)144 360 Q F1 7.5
(....................)19.38 G F0 -.1(wo)11.29 G(rd to v).1 E
(oice translator)-.2 E(spline)144 372 Q F1 7.5(....................)
18.26 G F0(interpolate smooth curv)6.97 E(e)-.15 E(tbl)144 384 Q F1 7.5
(...................)21.59 G F0(format tables for nrof)6.51 E 2.5(fo)
-.25 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(rof)-2.5 E(f)-.25 E(tmg)144 396 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)16.59 G F0(compiler)12.02 E(-compiler)-.2 E
(ttt)144 408 Q F1 7.5(......................)13.81 G F0(the g)16.05 E
(ame of tic-tac-toe)-.05 E(units)144 420 Q F1 7.5
(......................)22.7 G F0(con)6.54 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rsion program).15 E(wump)144 432 Q F1 7.5(.................)17.15 G F0
(the g)16.04 E(ame of hunt-the-wumpus)-.05 E(VII. USER MAINT)144 462 Q
(AINED SUBR)-.93 E(OUTINES)-.4 E(crfork, cre)144 480 Q
(xit, crread, crwrite, cre)-.15 E(xch, crprior)-.15 E F1 7.5(......)
23.09 G F0(coroutine scheme)15.99 E(ms)144 492 Q F1 7.5
(.................)20.48 G F0(macros for formatting manuscripts)7.66 E
(plot: openpl et al.)144 504 Q F1 7.5(.................)22.15 G F0
(graphics interf)14.99 E(ace)-.1 E(salloc)144 516 Q F1 7.5
(................)18.82 G F0(string allocation and manipulation)9.31 E
(VIII. SYSTEM MAINTEN)144 546 Q(ANCE)-.35 E(ac)144 564 Q F1 7.5
(........................)23.27 G F0(login accounting)9.31 E
(boot procedures)144 576 Q F1 7.5(....................)18 G F0
(UNIX startup)11.54 E(chgrp)144 588 Q F1 7.5(........................)
19.38 G F0(change group)12.1 E(cho)144 600 Q(wn)-.25 E F1 7.5
(........................)15.74 G F0(change o)10.69 E(wner)-.25 E(clri)
144 612 Q F1 7.5(..........................)18.82 G F0(clear i-node)8.77
E(crash)144 624 Q F1 7.5(...............)21.05 G F0
(what to do when the system crashes)12.94 E(cron)144 636 Q F1 7.5
(.........................)14.38 G F0(clock daemon)10.43 E(dcheck)144
648 Q F1 7.5(..............)13.83 G F0
(\214le system directory consistenc)9.76 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(df)
144 660 Q F1 7.5(............................)13.82 G F0(disk free)11.54
E(dpd)144 672 Q F1 7.5(.......................)17.15 G F0
(data phone daemon)8.49 E(dump)144 684 Q F1 7.5(..................)19.37
G F0(incremental \214le system dump)8.2 E(getty)144 696 Q F1 7.5
(......................)22.15 G F0(set type)7.07 E(writer mode)-.25 E
(glob)144 708 Q F1 7.5(...................)14.37 G F0
(generate command ar)6.46 E(guments)-.18 E(icheck)144 720 Q F1 7.5
(...............)16.05 G F0(\214le system storage consistenc)6.98 E 2.5
(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(11)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 12 14
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(init)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
7.5(...................)18.81 G F0(process control initialization)12.37
E(lpd)144 108 Q F1 7.5(.......................)19.37 G F0
(line printer daemon)7.93 E(mkfs)144 120 Q F1 7.5(.....................)
22.15 G F0(construct a \214le system)7.09 E(mknod)144 132 Q F1 7.5
(.......................)14.37 G F0 -.2(bu)10.34 G(ild special \214le).2
E(mount)144 144 Q F1 7.5(......................)16.59 G F0
(mount \214le system)15.13 E(ncheck)144 156 Q F1 7.5(.................)
13.83 G F0(generate names from i-numbers)9.34 E(restor)144 168 Q F1 7.5
(.................)19.38 G F0(incremental \214le system restore)13.77 E
(sa)144 180 Q F1 7.5(.........................)13.82 G F0
(Shell accounting)9.31 E(su)144 192 Q F1 7.5(.....................)23.26
G F0(become pri)13.34 E(vile)-.25 E(ged user)-.15 E(sync)144 204 Q F1
7.5(.....................)13.82 G F0(update the super block)15.99 E
(umount)144 216 Q F1 7.5(....................)21.59 G F0
(dismount \214le system)13.46 E(update)144 228 Q F1 7.5(...............)
15.49 G F0(periodically update the super block)15.72 E -.1(wa)144 240 S
(ll).1 E F1 7.5(........................)15.03 G F0(write to all users)
9.87 E(12)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 13 15
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(PERMUTED INDEX)244.255 96 Q
(dp\(IV\) DP-11)232.18 126 Q(201 data-phone interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(abort\(III\) generate an IO)295.5 138 Q 2.5(Tf)-.4 G(ault)-2.6 E
(abs, f)295.5 150 Q(abs\(III\) absolute v)-.1 E(alue)-.25 E(abs, f)
236.46 162 Q 5(abs\(III\) absolute)-.1 F -.25(va)2.5 G(lue).25 E
(ac\(VIII\) login)232.19 174 Q(accounting)7.5 E(sa\(VIII\) Shell)232.74
186 Q(accounting)7.5 E(dn\(IV\) DN-11)230.52 198 Q -.4(AC)7.5 G 2.5(Ui)
.4 G(nterf)-2.5 E(ace)-.1 E(ac\(VIII\) login accounting)295.5 210 Q 5
(shift\(I\) adjust)260.23 222 R(Shell ar)2.5 E(guments)-.18 E
(primes\(VI\) print)222.18 234 Q(all primes lar)7.5 E(ger than some)-.18
E(what)-.25 E -.1(wa)213.68 246 S(ll\(VIII\) write to).1 E(all users)7.5
E(alloc, free\(III\) core allocator)295.5 258 Q(salloc\(VII\) string)
218.85 270 Q(allocation and manipulation)7.5 E
(break, brk, sbrk\(II\) change core)161.39 282 Q(allocation)7.5 E
(alloc, free\(III\) core)211.66 294 Q(allocator)7.5 E(plot: openpl et)
230.22 306 Q(al.\(VII\) graphics interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E(yacc\(I\) yet)
244.97 318 Q(another compiler)7.5 E(-compiler)-.2 E(write\(I\) write to)
224.13 330 Q(another user)7.5 E
(a.out\(V\) assembler and link editor output)295.5 342 Q 5
(bc\(I\) arbitrary)268.57 354 R(precision interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve l)
-.25 H(anguage).15 E(atan, atan2\(III\))228.03 366 Q
(arc tangent function)7.5 E 5(ar\(I\) archi)270.24 378 R .3 -.15(ve a)
-.25 H(nd library maintainer).15 E 5(ar\(V\) archi)266.35 390 R .3 -.15
(ve \()-.25 H(library\) \214le format).15 E(nar)249.87 402 Q 5
(gs\(III\) ar)-.18 F(gument count)-.18 E(getar)165.07 414 Q(g, iar)-.18
E(gc\(III\) get command)-.18 E(ar)7.5 E(guments from F)-.18 E(ortran)
-.15 E(echo\(I\) echo)237.75 426 Q(ar)7.5 E(guments)-.18 E
(glob\(VIII\) generate command)168.04 438 Q(ar)7.5 E(guments)-.18 E
(shift\(I\) adjust Shell)210.78 450 Q(ar)7.5 E(guments)-.18 E
(ar\(I\) archi)295.5 462 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd library maintainer).15
E(ar\(V\) archi)295.5 474 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H
(library\) \214le format).15 E(ascii\(V\) map of)225.24 486 Q
(ASCII character set)7.5 E(atof\(III\) con)223.86 498 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 5
(rt ASCII).15 F(to \215oating)2.5 E(atoi\(III\) con)224.41 510 Q -.15
(ve)-.4 G 5(rt ASCII).15 F(to inte)2.5 E(ger)-.15 E(gmtime\(III\) con)
142.19 522 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt date and time to).15 E
(ASCII...ctime, localtime,)7.5 E(ascii\(V\) map of ASCII character set)
295.5 534 Q(as\(I\) assembler)295.5 546 Q 5(a.out\(V\) assembler)254.4
558 R(and link editor output)2.5 E 5(as\(I\) assembler)269.68 570 R
(kl\(IV\) KL-11 or DL-11)193.86 582 Q(asynchronous interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1
E(nice\(I\) run a command)196.64 594 Q(at lo)7.5 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G
(riority)-2.5 E(atan, atan2\(III\) arc tangent function)295.5 606 Q 5
(atan, atan2\(III\))268.84 618 R(arc tangent function)2.5 E
(atof\(III\) con)295.5 630 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt ASCII to \215oating).15 E
(atoi\(III\) con)295.5 642 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt ASCII to inte).15 E(ger)
-.15 E -.1(wa)260.89 654 S 5(it\(I\) a).1 F -.1(wa)-.15 G
(it completion of process).1 E(azel\(VI\) satellite predictions)295.5
666 Q(bas\(I\) basic)295.5 678 Q 5(bas\(I\) basic)264.68 690 R
(bc\(I\) arbitrary precision interacti)295.5 702 Q .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H
(anguage).15 E 5(su\(VIII\) become)255.24 714 R(pri)2.5 E(vile)-.25 E
(ged user)-.15 E(strip\(I\) remo)132.77 726 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.15 H
(ymbols and relocation).15 E(bits)7.5 E(13)283 774 Q EP
%%Page: 14 16
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(bj\(VI\) the g)295.5 96 Q
(ame of black jack)-.05 E(bj\(VI\) the g)213.35 108 Q(ame of)-.05 E
(black jack)7.5 E(sync\(VIII\) update the super)177.76 120 Q(block)7.5 E
(update\(VIII\) periodically update the super)119.16 132 Q(block)7.5 E
(boot procedures\(VIII\) UNIX startup)295.5 144 Q
(break, brk, sbrk\(II\) change core allocation)295.5 156 Q 5
(break, brk,)263.29 168 R(sbrk\(II\) change core allocation)2.5 E
(getc, getw)203.13 180 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G 5(open\(III\) b)-2.5 F(uf)-.2 E
(fered input)-.25 E(putc, putw)174.49 192 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G(creat, f)-2.5
E 5(\215ush\(III\) b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fered output)-.25 E 5
(mknod\(VIII\) b)236.35 204 R(uild special \214le)-.2 E 5(cc\(I\) C)
269.13 216 R(compiler)2.5 E 5(cdb\(I\) C)263.57 228 R(deb)2.5 E(ugger)
-.2 E(dc\(I\) desk)247.74 240 Q(calculator)7.5 E(cal\(VI\) print)237.74
252 Q(calendar)7.5 E(indir\(II\) indirect system)192.46 264 Q(call)7.5 E
(intro\(II\) introduction to system)163.84 276 Q(calls)7.5 E
(cal\(VI\) print calendar)295.5 288 Q 5(ierror\(III\) catch)249.14 300 R
-.15(Fo)2.5 G(rtran errors).15 E 5(signal\(II\) catch)250.79 312 R
(or ignore signals)2.5 E(cat\(I\) concatenate and print)295.5 324 Q
(cat\(IV\) phototypesetter interf)295.5 336 Q(ace)-.1 E
(cc\(I\) C compiler)295.5 348 Q(cdb\(I\) C deb)295.5 360 Q(ugger)-.2 E
(\215oor)267.01 372 Q 7.5(,c)-.4 G
(eil\(III\) \215oor and ceiling functions)-7.5 E(\215oor)195.09 384 Q
2.5(,c)-.4 G(eil\(III\) \215oor and)-2.5 E(ceiling functions)7.5 E
(break, brk, sbrk\(II\))211.92 396 Q(change core allocation)7.5 E 5
(chgrp\(VIII\) change)241.36 408 R(group)2.5 E 5(passwd\(I\) change)
248.57 420 R(login passw)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E 5(chmod\(II\) change)247.46 432
R(mode of \214le)2.5 E 5(chmod\(I\) change)250.79 444 R(mode)2.5 E(cho)
248.27 456 Q 5(wn\(II\) change)-.25 F -.25(ow)2.5 G
(ner and group of a \214le).25 E(cho)237.72 468 Q 5(wn\(VIII\) change)
-.25 F -.25(ow)2.5 G(ner).25 E 5(chdir\(I\) change)257.46 480 R -.1(wo)
2.5 G(rking directory).1 E 5(chdir\(II\) change)254.13 492 R -.1(wo)2.5
G(rking directory).1 E(pipe\(II\) create an interprocess)168.33 504 Q
(channel)7.5 E(gsi\(VI\) interpret e)184.29 516 Q 5(xtended character)
-.15 F(set on GSI terminal)2.5 E(ascii\(V\) map of ASCII)196.63 528 Q
(character set)7.5 E(getchar\(III\) read)222.21 540 Q(character)7.5 E
(putchar)194.26 552 Q 2.5<2c8d>-.4 G(ush\(III\) write)-2.5 E(character)
7.5 E(chdir\(I\) change w)295.5 564 Q(orking directory)-.1 E
(chdir\(II\) change w)295.5 576 Q(orking directory)-.1 E
(\214le system directory consistenc)157.33 588 Q 7.5(yc)-.15 G
(heck...dcheck\(VIII\))-7.5 E(\214le system storage consistenc)164.55
600 Q 7.5(yc)-.15 G(heck...icheck\(VIII\))-7.5 E(chess\(VI\) the g)
199.47 612 Q(ame of)-.05 E(chess)7.5 E(chess\(VI\) the g)295.5 624 Q
(ame of chess)-.05 E(chgrp\(VIII\) change group)295.5 636 Q
(chmod\(I\) change mode)295.5 648 Q(chmod\(II\) change mode of \214le)
295.5 660 Q(cho)295.5 672 Q(wn\(II\) change o)-.25 E
(wner and group of a \214le)-.25 E(cho)295.5 684 Q(wn\(VIII\) change o)
-.25 E(wner)-.25 E 5(clri\(VIII\) clear)250.8 696 R(i-node)2.5 E 5
(cron\(VIII\) clock)246.36 708 R(daemon)2.5 E 5(close\(II\) close)254.13
720 R 2.5<618c>2.5 G(le)-2.5 E(14)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 15 17
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(close\(II\) close a \214le)295.5 96 Q
(clri\(VIII\) clear i-node)295.5 108 Q(cmp\(I\) compare tw)295.5 120 Q
2.5<6f8c>-.1 G(les)-2.5 E(col\(VI\) \214lter re)295.5 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G(rse line feeds).15 E(getar)207.01 144 Q(g, iar)-.18 E(gc\(III\) get)
-.18 E(command ar)7.5 E(guments from F)-.18 E(ortran)-.15 E
(glob\(VIII\) generate)209.98 156 Q(command ar)7.5 E(guments)-.18 E
(nice\(I\) run a)238.58 168 Q(command at lo)7.5 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(riority)
-2.5 E -.15(ex)222.89 180 S(it\(I\) terminate).15 E(command \214le)7.5 E
(nohup\(I\) run a)230.24 192 Q(command immune to hangups)7.5 E
(sh\(I\) shell)247.73 204 Q(\(command interpreter\))7.5 E 5
(goto\(I\) command)260.23 216 R(transfer)2.5 E(if\(I\) conditional)224.4
228 Q(command)7.5 E(time\(I\) time a)233.01 240 Q(command)7.5 E
(comm\(I\) print lines common to tw)295.5 252 Q 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G(les)-2.5
E(comm\(I\) print lines)210.23 264 Q(common to tw)7.5 E 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G
(les)-2.5 E(dc\(IV\) DC-11)231.63 276 Q(communications interf)7.5 E(ace)
-.1 E(dh\(IV\) DH-11)230.52 288 Q(communications multiple)7.5 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G(r).15 E(dif)201.86 300 Q(f\(I\) dif)-.25 E(ferential \214le)-.25
E(comparator)7.5 E 5(cmp\(I\) compare)260.79 312 R(tw)2.5 E 2.5<6f8c>-.1
G(les)-2.5 E(cc\(I\) C)259.96 324 Q(compiler)7.5 E 5(tmg\(VI\) compiler)
255.23 336 R(-compiler)-.2 E(yacc\(I\) yet another)212.48 348 Q
(compiler)7.5 E(-compiler)-.2 E(fc\(I\) F)238.45 360 Q 5
(ortran compiler)-.15 F(rc\(I\) Ratfor)242.19 372 Q(compiler)7.5 E -.1
(wa)236.98 384 S(it\(I\) a).1 E -.1(wa)-.15 G 5(it completion).1 F
(of process)2.5 E 5(cat\(I\) concatenate)266.35 396 R(and print)2.5 E 5
(if\(I\) conditional)271.9 408 R(command)2.5 E
(dcheck\(VIII\) \214le system directory)151.65 420 Q(consistenc)7.5 E
2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(icheck\(VIII\) \214le system storage)161.09
432 Q(consistenc)7.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(csw\(II\) read)239.42
444 Q(console switches)7.5 E 5(mkfs\(VIII\) construct)244.13 456 R 2.5
<618c>2.5 G(le system)-2.5 E(ls\(I\) list)256.61 468 Q
(contents of directory)7.5 E(init\(VIII\) process)218.3 480 Q
(control initialization)7.5 E 5(units\(VI\) con)251.34 492 R -.15(ve)-.4
G(rsion program).15 E(ecvt, fcvt\(III\) output)206.08 504 Q(con)7.5 E
-.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15 E(locv\(III\) long output)205.79 516 Q(con)7.5 E
-.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15 E 5(dd\(I\) con)268.01 528 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt and cop).15 E 2.5(ya\214)-.1 G(le)-2.5 E 5(atof\(III\) con)255.8 540
R -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt ASCII to \215oating).15 E 5(atoi\(III\) con)256.35
552 R -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt ASCII to inte).15 E(ger)-.15 E
(ctime, localtime, gmtime\(III\))171.35 564 Q(con)7.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt date and time to ASCII).15 E(dd\(I\) con)219.13 576 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt and).15 E(cop)7.5 E 2.5(ya\214)-.1 G(le)-2.5 E 5(cp\(I\) cop)268.57
588 R(y)-.1 E(break, brk, sbrk\(II\) change)181.1 600 Q(core allocation)
7.5 E(alloc, free\(III\))231.37 612 Q(core allocator)7.5 E
(core\(V\) format of)216.92 624 Q(core image \214le)7.5 E
(mem, kmem, null\(IV\))200.23 636 Q(core memory)7.5 E
(core\(V\) format of core image \214le)295.5 648 Q(crread, crwrite, cre)
145.45 660 Q(xch, crprior\(VII\))-.15 E(coroutine scheme...crfork, cre)
7.5 E(xit,)-.15 E 5(sin, cos\(III\))273.83 672 R
(trigonometric functions)2.5 E(nar)209.78 684 Q(gs\(III\) ar)-.18 E 5
(gument count)-.18 F(wc\(I\) w)243.4 696 Q 5(ord count)-.1 F
(cp\(I\) cop)295.5 708 Q(y)-.1 E
(crash\(VIII\) what to do when the system)129.15 720 Q(crashes)7.5 E(15)
283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 16 18
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q
(crash\(VIII\) what to do when the system crashes)295.5 96 Q 5
(creat\(II\) create)255.25 108 R 2.5(an)2.5 G .5 -.25(ew \214)-2.5 H(le)
.25 E 5(pipe\(II\) create)257.46 120 R(an interprocess channel)2.5 E
(creat\(II\) create a ne)295.5 132 Q 2.5<778c>-.25 G(le)-2.5 E
(cref\(I\) mak)295.5 144 Q 2.5(ec)-.1 G(ross reference listing)-2.5 E
(crfork, cre)170.15 156 Q(xit, crread, crwrite,)-.15 E(cre)7.5 E
(xch, crprior\(VII\) coroutine scheme)-.15 E 5(scheme...crfork, cre)
223.58 168 R(xit, crread, crwrite, cre)-.15 E
(xch, crprior\(VII\) coroutine)-.15 E(coroutine scheme...)210.24 180 Q
(crfork, cre)7.5 E(xit, crread, crwrite, cre)-.15 E(xch, crprior\(VII\))
-.15 E(cron\(VIII\) clock daemon)295.5 192 Q(cref\(I\) mak)238.41 204 Q
7.5(ec)-.1 G(ross reference listing)-7.5 E(crfork, cre)138.65 216 Q
(xit, crread, crwrite, cre)-.15 E 5(xch, crprior\(VII\))-.15 F
(coroutine scheme)2.5 E(crfork, cre)233.45 228 Q 5(xit, crread,)-.15 F
(crwrite, cre)2.5 E(xch, crprior\(VII\) coroutine scheme)-.15 E
(crfork, cre)203.47 240 Q(xit, crread,)-.15 E(crwrite, cre)7.5 E
(xch, crprior\(VII\) coroutine scheme)-.15 E(crypt\(III\) passw)295.5
252 Q(ord encoding)-.1 E(csw\(II\) read console switches)295.5 264 Q 5
(ASCII... ctime,)254.39 276 R(localtime, gmtime\(III\) con)2.5 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G(rt date and time to).15 E
(cubic\(VI\) three dimensional tic-tac-toe)295.5 288 Q
(ttyn\(III\) return name of)194.42 300 Q(current type)7.5 E(writer)-.25
E(spline\(VI\) interpolate smooth)169.68 312 Q(curv)7.5 E(e)-.15 E
(cron\(VIII\) clock)222.2 324 Q(daemon)7.5 E(dpd\(VIII\) data phone)
203.03 336 Q(daemon)7.5 E(lpd\(VIII\) line printer)204.69 348 Q(daemon)
7.5 E 5(dpd\(VIII\) data)249.13 360 R(phone daemon)2.5 E
(dp\(IV\) DP-11 201)214.68 372 Q(data-phone interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(prof\(I\) display pro\214le)201.35 384 Q(data)7.5 E(ttys\(V\) type)
163.26 396 Q(writer initialization)-.25 E(data)7.5 E
(ctime, localtime, gmtime\(III\) con)139.41 408 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 5
(rt date).15 F(and time to ASCII)2.5 E(time\(II\) get)242.18 420 Q
(date and time)7.5 E(date\(I\) print and set the)194.69 432 Q(date)7.5 E
(date\(I\) print and set the date)295.5 444 Q(db\(I\) deb)295.5 456 Q
(ug)-.2 E 5(dc\(IV\) DC-11)261.35 468 R(communications interf)2.5 E(ace)
-.1 E(dcheck\(VIII\) \214le system directory consistenc)295.5 480 Q 2.5
(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(dc\(I\) desk calculator)295.5 492 Q
(dc\(IV\) DC-11 communications interf)295.5 504 Q(ace)-.1 E(dd\(I\) con)
295.5 516 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt and cop).15 E 2.5(ya\214)-.1 G(le)-2.5 E 5
(db\(I\) deb)268.01 528 R(ug)-.2 E(cdb\(I\) C)254.4 540 Q(deb)7.5 E
(ugger)-.2 E 5(tp\(V\) DEC/mag)266.34 552 R(tape formats)2.5 E
(tp\(I\) manipulate)223.29 564 Q(DECtape and magtape)7.5 E
(tc\(IV\) TC-11/TU56)208.85 576 Q(DECtape)7.5 E 5(dsw\(I\) delete)261.9
588 R(interacti)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(mesg\(I\) permit or)217.46
600 Q(den)7.5 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(essages)-2.5 E
(dup\(II\) duplicate an open \214le)171.36 612 Q(descriptor)7.5 E
(mail\(I\) send mail to)208.84 624 Q(designated users)7.5 E 5
(dc\(I\) desk)268.57 636 R(calculator)2.5 E 5(\214le\(I\) determine)
265.23 648 R(\214le type)2.5 E(df\(VIII\) disk free)295.5 660 Q 5
(dh\(IV\) DH-11)260.79 672 R(communications multiple)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(r).15 E(dh\(IV\) DH-11 communications multiple)295.5 684 Q -.15(xe)
-.15 G(r).15 E(dif)263.82 696 Q 5(f\(I\) dif)-.25 F
(ferential \214le comparator)-.25 E(dif)295.5 708 Q(f\(I\) dif)-.25 E
(ferential \214le comparator)-.25 E(cubic\(VI\) three)226.64 720 Q
(dimensional tic-tac-toe)7.5 E(16)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 17 19
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(dir\(V\) format of)223.02 96 Q
(directories)7.5 E(dcheck\(VIII\) \214le system)190.25 108 Q
(directory consistenc)7.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(unlink\(II\) remo)
216.93 120 Q 5.3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory entry).15 E(pwd\(I\) w)225.06
132 Q 5(orking directory)-.1 F(name)2.5 E(mknod\(II\) mak)215.9 144 Q
2.5(ea d)-.1 G(irectory or a special \214le)-2.5 E(chdir\(I\) change w)
190.91 156 Q 5(orking directory)-.1 F(chdir\(II\) change w)187.58 168 Q
5(orking directory)-.1 F(ls\(I\) list contents of)209.95 180 Q
(directory)7.5 E(mkdir\(I\) mak)223.12 192 Q 2.5(ea d)-.1 G(irectory)
-2.5 E(rmdir\(I\) remo)223.6 204 Q 5.3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory).15 E
(dir\(V\) format of directories)295.5 216 Q -.1(fa)247.57 228 S 5
(ctor\(VI\) disco).1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rp).15 G(rime f)-2.5 E
(actors of a number)-.1 E(hs\(IV\) RH11/RS03-RS04 \214x)140.38 240 Q 5
(ed-head disk)-.15 F(\214le)2.5 E(rf\(IV\) RF11/RS11 \214x)169.83 252 Q
5(ed-head disk)-.15 F(\214le)2.5 E 5(df\(VIII\) disk)255.8 264 R(free)
2.5 E(du\(I\) summarize)221.63 276 Q(disk usage)7.5 E
(hp\(IV\) RH-11/RP04 mo)150.94 288 Q 5(ving-head disk)-.15 F
(rk\(IV\) RK-11/RK03 \(or RK05\))162.19 300 Q(disk)7.5 E
(rp\(IV\) RP-11/RP03 mo)154.27 312 Q 5(ving-head disk)-.15 F 5
(umount\(II\) dismount)244.12 324 R(\214le system)2.5 E 5
(umount\(VIII\) dismount)233.57 336 R(\214le system)2.5 E 5
(prof\(I\) display)261.35 348 R(pro\214le data)2.5 E(ldi)213.08 360 Q
1.3 -.65(v, l)-.25 H(rem\(III\) long).65 E(di)7.5 E(vision)-.25 E
(kl\(IV\) KL-11 or)223.02 372 Q(DL-11 asynchronous interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1
E 5(dn\(IV\) DN-11)260.79 384 R -.4(AC)2.5 G 2.5(Ui).4 G(nterf)-2.5 E
(ace)-.1 E(dn\(IV\) DN-11 A)295.5 396 Q(CU interf)-.4 E(ace)-.1 E
(crash\(VIII\) what to)210.81 408 Q(do when the system crashes)7.5 E 5
(dp\(IV\) DP-11)260.79 420 R(201 data-phone interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(dpd\(VIII\) data phone daemon)295.5 432 Q
(dp\(IV\) DP-11 201 data-phone interf)295.5 444 Q(ace)-.1 E 5
(graph\(VI\) dra)248.02 456 R 2.5(wag)-.15 G(raph)-2.5 E
(dsw\(I\) delete interacti)295.5 468 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
(du\(I\) summarize disk usage)295.5 480 Q(dump\(V\) incremental)201.63
492 Q(dump tape format)7.5 E(dump\(VIII\) incremental \214le system)
146.08 504 Q(dump)7.5 E(od\(I\) octal)246.07 516 Q(dump)7.5 E
(dump\(V\) incremental dump tape format)295.5 528 Q
(dump\(VIII\) incremental \214le system dump)295.5 540 Q
(dup\(II\) duplicate an open \214le descriptor)295.5 552 Q 5
(dup\(II\) duplicate)259.68 564 R(an open \214le descriptor)2.5 E 5
(echo\(I\) echo)259.13 576 R(ar)2.5 E(guments)-.18 E(echo\(I\) echo ar)
295.5 588 Q(guments)-.18 E(ecvt, fcvt\(III\) output con)295.5 600 Q -.15
(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15 E(end, ete)246.77 612 Q 5(xt, edata\(III\))-.15 F
(last locations in program)2.5 E(ed\(I\) te)295.5 624 Q(xt editor)-.15 E
5(fed\(VI\) edit)258.02 636 R(form letter memory)2.5 E
(a.out\(V\) assembler and link)176.91 648 Q(editor output)7.5 E
(ed\(I\) te)251.22 660 Q 5(xt editor)-.15 F(ld\(I\) link)252.17 672 Q
(editor)7.5 E(crypt\(III\) passw)210.63 684 Q 5(ord encoding)-.1 F
(end, ete)295.5 696 Q(xt, edata\(III\) last locations in program)-.15 E
(nlist\(III\) get)239.4 708 Q(entries from name list)7.5 E
(unlink\(II\) remo)178.33 720 Q .3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 5(irectory entry).15
F(17)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 18 20
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(sk)229.55 96 Q(y\(VI\) obtain)-.15 E
(ephemerides)7.5 E(eqn\(I\) typeset mathematics)295.5 108 Q(perror)
186.88 120 Q 2.5(,s)-.4 G(yserrlist, sysnerr)-2.5 E 7.5(,e)-.4 G
(rrno\(III\) system error messages)-7.5 E(sysnerr)186.49 132 Q 2.5(,e)
-.4 G(rrno\(III\) system)-2.5 E(error messages...perror)7.5 E 2.5(,s)-.4
G(yserrlist,)-2.5 E(ierror\(III\) catch F)193.75 144 Q 5(ortran errors)
-.15 F(spell\(I\) \214nd spelling)206.89 156 Q(errors)7.5 E
(plot: openpl)239.94 168 Q(et al.\(VII\) graphics interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E
5(end, ete)271.06 180 R(xt, edata\(III\) last locations in program)-.15
E(pfe\(I\) print \215oating)210.79 192 Q -.15(ex)7.5 G(ception).15 E
-.15(exe)295.5 204 S(c, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cl, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(cv\(II\) e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute a \214le).15 E -.15(exe)267.48
216 S 5(c, e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cl, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cv\(II\) e)
.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute a \214le).15 E -.15(exe)202.84 228 S(c, e).15
E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cl, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 5(cv\(II\) e).15 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cute a \214le).15 E(reset, sete)221.51 240 Q 5(xit\(III\) e)-.15
F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute non-local goto).15 E(sleep\(I\) suspend)222.74 252
Q -.15(exe)7.5 G(cution for an interv).15 E(al)-.25 E(sleep\(II\) stop)
234.96 264 Q -.15(exe)7.5 G(cution for interv).15 E(al)-.25 E
(monitor\(III\) prepare)207.2 276 Q -.15(exe)7.5 G(cution pro\214le).15
E 5(pro\214l\(II\) e)253.01 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution time pro\214le)
.15 E -.15(exe)241.68 300 S(c, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 5(cl, e).15 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cv\(II\) e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute a \214le).15 E -.15(ex)
295.5 312 S(it\(I\) terminate command \214le).15 E -.15(ex)295.5 324 S
(it\(II\) terminate process).15 E -.15(ex)295.5 336 S(p\(III\) e).15 E
(xponential function)-.15 E -.15(ex)257.06 348 S 5(p\(III\) e).15 F
(xponential function)-.15 E(po)221.32 360 Q(w\(III\) \215oating)-.25 E
-.15(ex)7.5 G(ponentiation).15 E(gsi\(VI\) interpret)222.74 372 Q -.15
(ex)7.5 G(tended character set on GSI terminal).15 E
(greek\(V\) graphics for)201.37 384 Q -.15(ex)7.5 G(tended TTY).15 E
(-37 type-box)-1.11 E 5(abs, f)272.17 396 R(abs\(III\) absolute v)-.1 E
(alue)-.25 E -.1(fa)185.66 408 S(ctor\(VI\) disco).1 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.5(rp).15 G 5(rime f)-2.5 F(actors of a number)-.1 E -.1(fa)295.5 420 S
(ctor\(VI\) disco).1 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rp).15 G(rime f)-2.5 E
(actors of a number)-.1 E(abort\(III\) generate an IO)183.73 432 Q 7.5
(Tf)-.4 G(ault)-7.6 E(fc\(I\) F)295.5 444 Q(ortran compiler)-.15 E
(putc, putw)243.93 456 Q 7.5(,f)-.65 G(creat, f)-7.5 E(\215ush\(III\) b)
-.25 E(uf)-.2 E(fered output)-.25 E 5(ecvt, fcvt\(III\))268.84 468 R
(output con)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15 E
(fed\(VI\) edit form letter memory)295.5 480 Q(col\(VI\) \214lter re)
188.71 492 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse line).15 E(feeds)7.5 E(putc, putw)216.17
504 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G 5(creat, f)-2.5 F(\215ush\(III\) b)-.25 E(uf)-.2 E
(fered output)-.25 E(dif)217.14 516 Q(f\(I\) dif)-.25 E 5
(ferential \214le)-.25 F(comparator)2.5 E(dup\(II\) duplicate an open)
186.64 528 Q(\214le descriptor)7.5 E(grep\(I\) search a)225.26 540 Q
(\214le for a pattern)7.5 E(ar\(V\) archi)199 552 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H
5(library\) \214le).15 F(format)2.5 E(split\(I\) split a)234.11 564 Q
(\214le into pieces)7.5 E(set\214l\(III\) specify F)188.73 576 Q 5
(ortran \214le)-.15 F(name)2.5 E(stat\(II\) get)246.07 588 Q
(\214le status)7.5 E 5(dcheck\(VIII\) \214le)235.81 600 R
(system directory consistenc)2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E
(dump\(VIII\) incremental)191.64 612 Q(\214le system dump)7.5 E
(restor\(VIII\) incremental)191.65 624 Q(\214le system restore)7.5 E 5
(icheck\(VIII\) \214le)238.03 636 R(system storage consistenc)2.5 E 2.5
(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(mtab\(V\) mounted)216.62 648 Q
(\214le system table)7.5 E(fs\(V\) format of)226.91 660 Q
(\214le system v)7.5 E(olume)-.2 E(mkfs\(VIII\) construct a)198.03 672 Q
(\214le system)7.5 E(mount\(II\) mount)221.06 684 Q(\214le system)7.5 E
(mount\(VIII\) mount)210.51 696 Q(\214le system)7.5 E
(umount\(II\) dismount)204.39 708 Q(\214le system)7.5 E
(umount\(VIII\) dismount)193.84 720 Q(\214le system)7.5 E(18)283 768 Q
EP
%%Page: 19 21
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(\214le\(I\) determine)222.74 96 Q
(\214le type)7.5 E(chmod\(II\) change mode of)181.09 108 Q(\214le)7.5 E
(cho)129.67 120 Q(wn\(II\) change o)-.25 E(wner and group of a)-.25 E
(\214le)7.5 E(close\(II\) close a)224.14 132 Q(\214le)7.5 E
(core\(V\) format of core image)170.27 144 Q(\214le)7.5 E
(creat\(II\) create a ne)203.03 156 Q 7.5<778c>-.25 G(le)-7.5 E
(dd\(I\) con)190.35 168 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt and cop).15 E 2.5(ya \214)-.1
G(le)-2.5 E -.15(exe)163.16 180 S(c, e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cl, e).15 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cv\(II\) e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute a).15 E(\214le)7.5 E
-.15(ex)180.95 192 S(it\(I\) terminate command).15 E(\214le)7.5 E
(fstat\(II\) get status of open)184.69 204 Q(\214le)7.5 E
(group\(V\) group)224.96 216 Q(\214le)7.5 E
(hs\(IV\) RH11/RS03-RS04 \214x)121.21 228 Q(ed-head disk)-.15 E(\214le)
7.5 E(\214le\(I\) determine \214le type)295.5 240 Q
(link\(II\) link to a)223.84 252 Q(\214le)7.5 E(mknod\(II\) mak)129.26
264 Q 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory or a special)-2.5 E(\214le)7.5 E
(mknod\(VIII\) b)183.22 276 Q(uild special)-.2 E(\214le)7.5 E
(mv\(I\) mo)191.11 288 Q .3 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 2.5(rr).15 G(ename a)-2.5 E
(\214le)7.5 E(passwd\(V\) passw)204.51 300 Q 5(ord \214le)-.1 F
(pr\(I\) print)248.29 312 Q(\214le)7.5 E(read\(II\) read from)215.82 324
Q(\214le)7.5 E(re)195.36 336 Q(v\(I\) re)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rse lines of a).15 E(\214le)7.5 E(rf\(IV\) RF11/RS11 \214x)150.66 348 Q
(ed-head disk)-.15 E(\214le)7.5 E(cmp\(I\) compare tw)206.46 360 Q 7.5
<6f8c>-.1 G(les)-7.5 E(comm\(I\) print lines common to tw)145.05 372 Q
7.5<6f8c>-.1 G(les)-7.5 E(\214nd\(I\) \214nd)244.39 384 Q(\214les)7.5 E
(size\(I\) size of an object)194.7 396 Q(\214le)7.5 E(rm\(I\) remo)
199.99 408 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H 5(unlink\) \214les).15 F
(sort, usort\(I\) sort or mer)182.37 420 Q 5(ge \214les)-.18 F
(uniq\(I\) report repeated lines in a)158.87 432 Q(\214le)7.5 E
(write\(II\) write on a)211.64 444 Q(\214le)7.5 E 5(col\(VI\) \214lter)
258.57 456 R(re)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse line feeds).15 E
(plot: tek, gsip, vt0\(VI\) graphics)161.9 468 Q(\214lters)7.5 E 5
(\214nd\(I\) \214nd)262.45 480 R(\214les)2.5 E 5(typo\(I\) \214nd)260.23
492 R(possible typos)2.5 E 5(spell\(I\) \214nd)259.12 504 R
(spelling errors)2.5 E(\214nd\(I\) \214nd \214les)295.5 516 Q
(tee\(I\) pipe)246.63 528 Q(\214tting)7.5 E(hs\(IV\) RH11/RS03-RS04)
184.94 540 Q<8c78>7.5 E(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E(rf\(IV\) RF11/RS11)
214.39 552 Q<8c78>7.5 E(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E(pfe\(I\) print)243.85
564 Q(\215oating e)7.5 E(xception)-.15 E(po)254.38 576 Q 5
(w\(III\) \215oating)-.25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(ponentiation).15 E 5
(fmod\(III\) \215oating)250.24 588 R(modulo function)2.5 E 5
(fptrap\(III\) \215oating)247.47 600 R(point interpreter)2.5 E
(atof\(III\) con)184.97 612 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt ASCII to).15 E
(\215oating)7.5 E(\215oor)233.42 624 Q 2.5(,c)-.4 G 5
(eil\(III\) \215oor)-2.5 F(and ceiling functions)2.5 E(\215oor)295.5 636
Q 2.5(,c)-.4 G(eil\(III\) \215oor and ceiling functions)-2.5 E(putchar)
255.91 648 Q 7.5<2c8d>-.4 G(ush\(III\) write character)-7.5 E
(fmod\(III\) \215oating modulo function)295.5 660 Q(getc, getw)245.05
672 Q 7.5(,f)-.65 G(open\(III\) b)-7.5 E(uf)-.2 E(fered input)-.25 E
(fork\(II\) spa)295.5 684 Q(wn ne)-.15 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess)-2.5 E 5
(form\(VI\) form)251.35 696 R(letter generator)2.5 E(fed\(VI\) edit)
240.52 708 Q(form letter memory)7.5 E 5(core\(V\) format)256.91 720 R
(of core image \214le)2.5 E(19)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 20 22
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q 5(dir\(V\) format)263.01 96 R
(of directories)2.5 E 5(fs\(V\) format)266.9 108 R(of \214le system v)
2.5 E(olume)-.2 E 5(tbl\(VI\) format)260.23 120 R(tables for nrof)2.5 E
2.5(fo)-.25 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(rof)-2.5 E(f)-.25 E(nrof)258.27 132 Q 5
(f\(I\) format)-.25 F(te)2.5 E(xt)-.15 E(rof)263.27 144 Q 5
(f\(I\) format)-.25 F(te)2.5 E(xt)-.15 E(trof)260.49 156 Q 5
(f\(I\) format)-.25 F(te)2.5 E(xt)-.15 E(ar\(V\) archi)183.72 168 Q .3
-.15(ve \()-.25 H(library\) \214le).15 E(format)7.5 E
(dump\(V\) incremental dump tape)157.19 180 Q(format)7.5 E
(tp\(V\) DEC/mag tape)204.68 192 Q(formats)7.5 E 5
(printf\(III\) formatted)249.13 204 R(print)2.5 E(ms\(VII\) macros for)
210.25 216 Q(formatting manuscripts)7.5 E
(form\(VI\) form letter generator)295.5 228 Q 5(fc\(I\) F)270.24 240 R
(ortran compiler)-.15 E(ierror\(III\) catch)225.54 252 Q -.15(Fo)7.5 G
(rtran errors).15 E(set\214l\(III\) specify)220.52 264 Q -.15(Fo)7.5 G
(rtran \214le name).15 E(iar)128.96 276 Q(gc\(III\) get command ar)-.18
E(guments from)-.18 E -.15(Fo)7.5 G(rtran...getar).15 E(g,)-.18 E
(fptrap\(III\) \215oating point interpreter)295.5 288 Q(df\(VIII\) disk)
236.63 300 Q(free)7.5 E 5(alloc, free\(III\))266.06 312 R
(core allocator)2.5 E(read\(II\) read)237.76 324 Q(from \214le)7.5 E
(getar)121.09 336 Q(g, iar)-.18 E(gc\(III\) get command ar)-.18 E 5
(guments from)-.18 F -.15(Fo)2.5 G(rtran).15 E
(ncheck\(VIII\) generate names)171.39 348 Q(from i-numbers)7.5 E
(nlist\(III\) get entries)210.24 360 Q(from name list)7.5 E
(getpw\(III\) get name)208.03 372 Q(from UID)7.5 E
(fstat\(II\) get status of open \214le)295.5 384 Q
(fs\(V\) format of \214le system v)295.5 396 Q(olume)-.2 E
(atan, atan2\(III\) arc tangent)181.38 408 Q(function)7.5 E -.15(ex)
208.05 420 S(p\(III\) e).15 E 5(xponential function)-.15 F
(fmod\(III\) \215oating modulo)184.12 432 Q(function)7.5 E -.05(ga)
194.79 444 S(mma\(III\) log g).05 E 5(amma function)-.05 F(\215oor)
165.37 456 Q 2.5(,c)-.4 G(eil\(III\) \215oor and ceiling)-2.5 E
(functions)7.5 E(sqrt\(III\) square root)209.14 468 Q(function)7.5 E
(sin, cos\(III\) trigonometric)184.41 480 Q(functions)7.5 E
(bj\(VI\) the)248.29 492 Q -.05(ga)7.5 G(me of black jack).05 E
(chess\(VI\) the)234.41 504 Q -.05(ga)7.5 G(me of chess).05 E
(wump\(VI\) the)231.07 516 Q -.05(ga)7.5 G(me of hunt-the-wumpus).05 E
(ttt\(VI\) the)247.73 528 Q -.05(ga)7.5 G(me of tic-tac-toe).05 E
(moo\(VI\) guessing)215.51 540 Q -.05(ga)7.5 G(me).05 E -.05(ga)226.68
552 S(mma\(III\) log).05 E -.05(ga)7.5 G(mma function).05 E -.05(ga)
295.5 564 S(mma\(III\) log g).05 E(amma function)-.05 E 5
(m6\(VI\) general)258.01 576 R(purpose macroprocessor)2.5 E 5
(tty\(IV\) general)260.23 588 R(type)2.5 E(writer interf)-.25 E(ace)-.1
E 5(abort\(III\) generate)250.8 600 R(an IO)2.5 E 2.5(Tf)-.4 G(ault)-2.6
E 5(glob\(VIII\) generate)246.35 612 R(command ar)2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 5
(ncheck\(VIII\) generate)235.81 624 R(names from i-numbers)2.5 E
(form\(VI\) form letter)206.36 636 Q(generator)7.5 E
(rand, srand\(III\) random number)160.82 648 Q(generator)7.5 E(getar)
221.73 660 Q(g, iar)-.18 E 5(gc\(III\) get)-.18 F(command ar)2.5 E
(guments from F)-.18 E(ortran)-.15 E 5(time\(II\) get)256.9 672 R
(date and time)2.5 E 5(nlist\(III\) get)254.12 684 R
(entries from name list)2.5 E 5(stat\(II\) get)260.79 696 R
(\214le status)2.5 E 5(getgid\(II\) get)249.68 708 R
(group identi\214cations)2.5 E 5(getpw\(III\) get)246.91 720 R
(name from UID)2.5 E(20)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 21 23
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q 5(getpid\(II\) get)249.68 96 R
(process identi\214cation)2.5 E 5(times\(II\) get)253.01 108 R
(process times)2.5 E 5(fstat\(II\) get)257.46 120 R
(status of open \214le)2.5 E 5(tty\(I\) get)267.45 132 R(type)2.5 E
(writer name)-.25 E 5(gtty\(II\) get)259.12 144 R(type)2.5 E
(writer status)-.25 E 5(getuid\(II\) get)249.68 156 R
(user identi\214cations)2.5 E(getar)295.5 168 Q(g, iar)-.18 E
(gc\(III\) get command ar)-.18 E(guments from F)-.18 E(ortran)-.15 E
(getc, getw)295.5 180 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G(open\(III\) b)-2.5 E(uf)-.2 E
(fered input)-.25 E(getchar\(III\) read character)295.5 192 Q
(getgid\(II\) get group identi\214cations)295.5 204 Q
(getpid\(II\) get process identi\214cation)295.5 216 Q
(getpw\(III\) get name from UID)295.5 228 Q(getty\(VIII\) set type)295.5
240 Q(writer mode)-.25 E(getuid\(II\) get user identi\214cations)295.5
252 Q 5(getc, getw)268.84 264 R 2.5(,f)-.65 G(open\(III\) b)-2.5 E(uf)
-.2 E(fered input)-.25 E(glob\(VIII\) generate command ar)295.5 276 Q
(guments)-.18 E(ctime, localtime,)221.06 288 Q(gmtime\(III\) con)7.5 E
-.15(ve)-.4 G(rt date and time to ASCII).15 E
(goto\(I\) command transfer)295.5 300 Q(reset, sete)148.5 312 Q
(xit\(III\) e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute non-local).15 E(goto)7.5 E
(graph\(VI\) dra)218.74 324 Q 2.5(wa g)-.15 G(raph)-2.5 E
(plot: tek, gsip, vt0\(VI\))198.28 336 Q(graphics \214lters)7.5 E 5
(greek\(V\) graphics)251.91 348 R(for e)2.5 E(xtended TTY)-.15 E
(-37 type-box)-1.11 E(plot: openpl et al.\(VII\))197.46 360 Q
(graphics interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E(graph\(VI\) dra)295.5 372 Q 2.5(wag)
-.15 G(raph)-2.5 E(greek\(V\) graphics for e)295.5 384 Q(xtended TTY)
-.15 E(-37 type-box)-1.11 E(grep\(I\) search a \214le for a pattern)
295.5 396 Q 5(group\(V\) group)250.79 408 R(\214le)2.5 E
(getgid\(II\) get)234.96 420 Q(group identi\214cations)7.5 E
(setgid\(II\) set process)204.69 432 Q(group ID)7.5 E(cho)173.27 444 Q
(wn\(II\) change o)-.25 E(wner and)-.25 E(group of a \214le)7.5 E
(chgrp\(VIII\) change)210.54 456 Q(group)7.5 E(ne)186.58 468 Q
(wgrp\(I\) log in to a ne)-.25 E 7.5(wg)-.25 G(roup)-7.5 E
(group\(V\) group \214le)295.5 480 Q(gsi\(VI\) interpret e)119.04 492 Q
(xtended character set on)-.15 E(GSI terminal)7.5 E(plot: tek,)252.44
504 Q(gsip, vt0\(VI\) graphics \214lters)7.5 E(gsi\(VI\) interpret e)
295.5 516 Q(xtended character set on GSI terminal)-.15 E
(gtty\(II\) get type)295.5 528 Q(writer status)-.25 E 5
(moo\(VI\) guessing)253.01 540 R -.05(ga)2.5 G(me).05 E
(nohup\(I\) run a command immune to)142.74 552 Q(hangups)7.5 E 5
(hmul\(III\) high-order)250.79 564 R(product)2.5 E(wtmp\(V\) user login)
209.12 576 Q(history)7.5 E(hmul\(III\) high-order product)295.5 588 Q
(hp\(IV\) RH-11/RP04 mo)295.5 600 Q(ving-head disk)-.15 E
(hs\(IV\) RH11/RS03-RS04 \214x)295.5 612 Q(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E
(ht\(IV\) RH-11/TU-16 magtape interf)295.5 624 Q(ace)-.1 E
(wump\(VI\) the g)196.13 636 Q(ame of)-.05 E(hunt-the-wumpus)7.5 E
(getar)260.69 648 Q 5(g, iar)-.18 F(gc\(III\) get command ar)-.18 E
(guments from F)-.18 E(ortran)-.15 E
(icheck\(VIII\) \214le system storage consistenc)295.5 660 Q 2.5(yc)-.15
G(heck)-2.5 E(getpid\(II\) get process)202.47 672 Q(identi\214cation)7.5
E(getgid\(II\) get group)209.13 684 Q(identi\214cations)7.5 E
(getuid\(II\) get user)215.8 696 Q(identi\214cations)7.5 E
(setgid\(II\) set process group)178.86 708 Q(ID)7.5 E
(setuid\(II\) set process user)185.53 720 Q(ID)7.5 E(21)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 22 24
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(ierror\(III\) catch F)295.5 96 Q
(ortran errors)-.15 E(if\(I\) conditional command)295.5 108 Q
(signal\(II\) catch or)216.36 120 Q(ignore signals)7.5 E
(core\(V\) format of core)197.21 132 Q(image \214le)7.5 E
(nohup\(I\) run a command)188.3 144 Q(immune to hangups)7.5 E
(uniq\(I\) report repeated lines)176.09 156 Q(in a \214le)7.5 E
(end, ete)151.52 168 Q(xt, edata\(III\) last locations)-.15 E
(in program)7.5 E(ne)232.99 180 Q(wgrp\(I\) log)-.25 E(in to a ne)7.5 E
2.5(wg)-.25 G(roup)-2.5 E 5(dump\(V\) incremental)251.34 192 R
(dump tape format)2.5 E 5(dump\(VIII\) incremental)241.35 204 R
(\214le system dump)2.5 E 5(restor\(VIII\) incremental)241.36 216 R
(\214le system restore)2.5 E 5(indir\(II\) indirect)255.79 228 R
(system call)2.5 E(indir\(II\) indirect system call)295.5 240 Q
(utmp\(V\) user)234.4 252 Q(information)7.5 E(ttys\(V\) type)216.32 264
Q 5(writer initialization)-.25 F(data)2.5 E
(init\(VIII\) process control)187.47 276 Q(initialization)7.5 E
(init\(VIII\) process control initialization)295.5 288 Q
(clri\(VIII\) clear)228.87 300 Q(i-node)7.5 E(getc, getw)167.21 312 Q
2.5(,f)-.65 G(open\(III\) b)-2.5 E(uf)-.2 E 5(fered input)-.25 F
(atoi\(III\) con)185.52 324 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt ASCII to).15 E(inte)7.5 E
(ger)-.15 E(bc\(I\) arbitrary precision)192.48 336 Q(interacti)7.5 E .3
-.15(ve l)-.25 H(anguage).15 E(dsw\(I\) delete)235.52 348 Q(interacti)
7.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(cat\(IV\) phototypesetter)194.97 360 Q
(interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E(dc\(IV\) DC-11 communications)163.02 372 Q
(interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E(dn\(IV\) DN-11 A)207.31 384 Q 5(CU interf)-.4 F
(ace)-.1 E(dp\(IV\) DP-11 201 data-phone)167.75 396 Q(interf)7.5 E(ace)
-.1 E(ht\(IV\) RH-11/TU-16 magtape)167.47 408 Q(interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(kl\(IV\) KL-11 or DL-11 asynchronous)136.37 420 Q(interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1
E(plot: openpl et al.\(VII\) graphics)161.08 432 Q(interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1
E(tm\(IV\) TM-11/TU-10 magtape)163.58 444 Q(interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(tty\(IV\) general type)184.95 456 Q 5(writer interf)-.25 F(ace)-.1 E 5
(spline\(VI\) interpolate)246.9 468 R(smooth curv)2.5 E(e)-.15 E 5
(gsi\(VI\) interpret)259.12 480 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
(tended character set on GSI terminal).15 E
(fptrap\(III\) \215oating point)191.35 492 Q(interpreter)7.5 E
(sh\(I\) shell \(command)202.46 504 Q(interpreter\))7.5 E
(sno\(VI\) Snobol)226.06 516 Q(interpreter)7.5 E(pipe\(II\) create an)
219.15 528 Q(interprocess channel)7.5 E(sleep\(I\) suspend e)155.56 540
Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution for an).15 E(interv)7.5 E(al)-.25 E
(sleep\(II\) stop e)179.72 552 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution for).15 E(interv)
7.5 E(al)-.25 E(split\(I\) split a \214le)218.83 564 Q(into pieces)7.5 E
5(intro\(II\) introduction)255.79 576 R(to system calls)2.5 E
(intro\(II\) introduction to system calls)295.5 588 Q
(ncheck\(VIII\) generate names from)149.45 600 Q(i-numbers)7.5 E
(abort\(III\) generate an)202.49 612 Q(IO)7.5 E 2.5(Tf)-.4 G(ault)-2.6 E
(bj\(VI\) the g)189.19 624 Q(ame of black)-.05 E(jack)7.5 E
(kill\(I\) terminate a process)295.5 636 Q
(kill\(II\) send signal to a process)295.5 648 Q 5(kl\(IV\) KL-11)263.01
660 R(or DL-11 asynchronous interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(kl\(IV\) KL-11 or DL-11 asynchronous interf)295.5 672 Q(ace)-.1 E 5
(mem, kmem,)265.5 684 R(null\(IV\) core memory)2.5 E
(quiz\(VI\) test your)216.35 696 Q(kno)7.5 E(wledge)-.25 E
(bc\(I\) arbitrary precision interacti)148.17 708 Q 5.3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H
(anguage).15 E(primes\(VI\) print all primes)179.96 720 Q(lar)7.5 E
(ger than some)-.18 E(what)-.25 E(22)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 23 25
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(end, ete)206.52 96 Q(xt, edata\(III\))
-.15 E(last locations in program)7.5 E(ld\(I\) link editor)295.5 108 Q
(ldi)295.5 120 Q 1.3 -.65(v, l)-.25 H(rem\(III\) long di).65 E(vision)
-.25 E(form\(VI\) form)229.41 132 Q(letter generator)7.5 E
(fed\(VI\) edit form)218.58 144 Q(letter memory)7.5 E(ar\(V\) archi)
234.82 156 Q 5.3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(library\) \214le format).15 E
(ar\(I\) archi)221.77 168 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 5(nd library).15 F
(maintainer)2.5 E(col\(VI\) \214lter re)206.21 180 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5
(rse line).15 F(feeds)2.5 E 5(lpd\(VIII\) line)251.35 192 R
(printer daemon)2.5 E 5(lp\(IV\) line)263.01 204 R(printer)2.5 E
(opr\(I\) of)250.77 216 Q 7.5(fl)-.25 G(ine print)-7.5 E
(comm\(I\) print)231.62 228 Q(lines common to tw)7.5 E 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G
(les)-2.5 E(uniq\(I\) report repeated)197.48 240 Q(lines in a \214le)7.5
E(re)234.52 252 Q(v\(I\) re)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(rse lines).15 F
(of a \214le)2.5 E(a.out\(V\) assembler and)194.97 264 Q
(link editor output)7.5 E 5(ld\(I\) link)270.23 276 R(editor)2.5 E 5
(link\(II\) link)259.12 288 R(to a \214le)2.5 E
(link\(II\) link to a \214le)295.5 300 Q(ln\(I\) mak)239.23 312 Q 2.5
(ea l)-.1 G(ink)-2.5 E 5(ls\(I\) list)271.34 324 R
(contents of directory)2.5 E(cref\(I\) mak)175.67 336 Q 2.5(ec)-.1 G
(ross reference)-2.5 E(listing)7.5 E(nlist\(III\) get entries from name)
164.14 348 Q(list)7.5 E(nm\(I\) print name)219.68 360 Q(list)7.5 E
(ln\(I\) mak)295.5 372 Q 2.5(eal)-.1 G(ink)-2.5 E 5(ctime, localtime,)
263.28 384 R(gmtime\(III\) con)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt date and time to ASCII).15 E(end, ete)190.13 396 Q
(xt, edata\(III\) last)-.15 E(locations in program)7.5 E
(locv\(III\) long output con)295.5 408 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15 E -.05
(ga)241.96 420 S 5(mma\(III\) log).05 F -.05(ga)2.5 G(mma function).05 E
(ne)248.27 432 Q 5(wgrp\(I\) log)-.25 F(in to a ne)2.5 E 2.5(wg)-.25 G
(roup)-2.5 E(log\(III\) natural)228.3 444 Q(log)7.5 E(arithm)-.05 E
(log\(III\) natural log)295.5 456 Q(arithm)-.05 E 5(ac\(VIII\) login)
255.25 468 R(accounting)2.5 E(wtmp\(V\) user)232.18 480 Q(login history)
7.5 E(passwd\(I\) change)217.75 492 Q(login passw)7.5 E(ord)-.1 E
(login\(I\) sign onto UNIX)295.5 504 Q(ldi)233.36 516 Q 1.3 -.65(v, l)
-.25 H 5(rem\(III\) long).65 F(di)2.5 E(vision)-.25 E 5
(locv\(III\) long)254.13 528 R(output con)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15
E(nice\(I\) run a command at)186.92 540 Q(lo)7.5 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G
(riority)-2.5 E(lpd\(VIII\) line printer daemon)295.5 552 Q
(lp\(IV\) line printer)295.5 564 Q(ldi)270.84 576 Q 6.3 -.65(v, l)-.25 H
(rem\(III\) long di).65 E(vision)-.25 E
(ls\(I\) list contents of directory)295.5 588 Q
(m6\(VI\) general purpose macroprocessor)295.5 600 Q
(m6\(VI\) general purpose)191.92 612 Q(macroprocessor)7.5 E 5
(ms\(VII\) macros)255.79 624 R(for formatting manuscripts)2.5 E
(ht\(IV\) RH-11/TU-16)203.85 636 Q(magtape interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(tm\(IV\) TM-11/TU-10)199.96 648 Q(magtape interf)7.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(tp\(I\) manipulate DECtape and)167.19 660 Q(magtape)7.5 E
(mail\(I\) send)239.4 672 Q(mail to designated users)7.5 E
(mail\(I\) send mail to designated users)295.5 684 Q(ar\(I\) archi)
192.61 696 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd library).15 E(maintainer)7.5 E 5
(mknod\(II\) mak)246.9 708 R 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory or a special \214le)
-2.5 E 5(mkdir\(I\) mak)254.12 720 R 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory)-2.5 E(23)
283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 24 26
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q 5(ln\(I\) mak)270.23 96 R 2.5(eal)-.1
G(ink)-2.5 E 5(cref\(I\) mak)262.47 108 R 2.5(ec)-.1 G
(ross reference listing)-2.5 E(man\(I\) run of)295.5 120 Q 2.5(fs)-.25 G
(ection of UNIX manual)-2.5 E 5(tp\(I\) manipulate)270.23 132 R
(DECtape and magtape)2.5 E(salloc\(VII\) string allocation and)159.97
144 Q(manipulation)7.5 E(man\(I\) run of)161.9 156 Q 2.5(fs)-.25 G
(ection of UNIX)-2.5 E(manual)7.5 E(ms\(VII\) macros for formatting)
165.53 168 Q(manuscripts)7.5 E 5(ascii\(V\) map)255.79 180 R
(of ASCII character set)2.5 E(neqn\(I\) typeset)227.74 192 Q
(mathematics on terminal)7.5 E(eqn\(I\) typeset)232.74 204 Q
(mathematics)7.5 E(mem, kmem, null\(IV\) core memory)295.5 216 Q
(fed\(VI\) edit form letter)195.53 228 Q(memory)7.5 E
(mem, kmem, null\(IV\) core)180.52 240 Q(memory)7.5 E
(sort, usort\(I\) sort or)209.68 252 Q(mer)7.5 E(ge \214les)-.18 E
(mesg\(I\) permit or den)295.5 264 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G(essages)-2.5 E
(mesg\(I\) permit or den)195.67 276 Q 7.5(ym)-.15 G(essages)-7.5 E
(sysnerr)164.56 288 Q 2.5(,e)-.4 G(rrno\(III\) system error)-2.5 E
(messages...perror)7.5 E 2.5(,s)-.4 G(yserrlist,)-2.5 E(mkdir\(I\) mak)
295.5 300 Q 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory)-2.5 E
(mkfs\(VIII\) construct a \214le system)295.5 312 Q(mknod\(II\) mak)
295.5 324 Q 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory or a special \214le)-2.5 E
(mknod\(VIII\) b)295.5 336 Q(uild special \214le)-.2 E
(chmod\(II\) change)216.64 348 Q(mode of \214le)7.5 E(stty\(II\) set)
246.62 360 Q(mode of type)7.5 E(writer)-.25 E(chmod\(I\) change)219.97
372 Q(mode)7.5 E(getty\(VIII\) set type)187.17 384 Q 5(writer mode)-.25
F(fmod\(III\) \215oating)217.18 396 Q(modulo function)7.5 E
(monitor\(III\) prepare e)295.5 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution pro\214le)
.15 E(moo\(VI\) guessing g)295.5 420 Q(ame)-.05 E 5(mount\(II\) mount)
249.12 432 R(\214le system)2.5 E 5(mount\(VIII\) mount)238.57 444 R
(\214le system)2.5 E 5(mtab\(V\) mounted)254.12 456 R
(\214le system table)2.5 E(mount\(II\) mount \214le system)295.5 468 Q
(mount\(VIII\) mount \214le system)295.5 480 Q 5(mv\(I\) mo)265.23 492 R
.3 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 2.5(rr).15 G(ename a \214le)-2.5 E 5(seek\(II\) mo)
256.91 504 R .3 -.15(ve r)-.15 H(ead/write pointer).15 E
(hp\(IV\) RH-11/RP04)206.06 516 Q(mo)7.5 E(ving-head disk)-.15 E
(rp\(IV\) RP-11/RP03)209.39 528 Q(mo)7.5 E(ving-head disk)-.15 E
(ms\(VII\) macros for formatting manuscripts)295.5 540 Q
(mtab\(V\) mounted \214le system table)295.5 552 Q
(dh\(IV\) DH-11 communications)161.91 564 Q(multiple)7.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(r).15 E(mv\(I\) mo)295.5 576 Q .3 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 2.5(rr).15 G
(ename a \214le)-2.5 E(getpw\(III\) get)232.19 588 Q(name from UID)7.5 E
(nlist\(III\) get entries from)188.3 600 Q(name list)7.5 E
(nm\(I\) print)243.84 612 Q(name list)7.5 E(ttyn\(III\) return)229.41
624 Q(name of current type)7.5 E(writer)-.25 E(pwd\(I\) w)186.46 636 Q
(orking directory)-.1 E(name)7.5 E(ncheck\(VIII\) generate)199.44 648 Q
(names from i-numbers)7.5 E(set\214l\(III\) specify F)173.45 660 Q
(ortran \214le)-.15 E(name)7.5 E(tty\(I\) get type)209.38 672 Q 5
(writer name)-.25 F(nar)295.5 684 Q(gs\(III\) ar)-.18 E(gument count)
-.18 E 5(log\(III\) natural)258.57 696 R(log)2.5 E(arithm)-.05 E
(ncheck\(VIII\) generate names from i-numbers)295.5 708 Q
(neqn\(I\) typeset mathematics on terminal)295.5 720 Q(24)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 25 27
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(creat\(II\) create a)221.94 96 Q(ne)
7.5 E 2.5<778c>-.25 G(le)-2.5 E(ne)205.49 108 Q(wgrp\(I\) log in to a)
-.25 E(ne)7.5 E 2.5(wg)-.25 G(roup)-2.5 E(fork\(II\) spa)230.12 120 Q 5
(wn ne)-.15 F 2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess)-2.5 E(ne)295.5 132 Q
(wgrp\(I\) log in to a ne)-.25 E 2.5(wg)-.25 G(roup)-2.5 E
(nice\(I\) run a command at lo)295.5 144 Q 2.5(wp)-.25 G(riority)-2.5 E
(nice\(II\) set program priority)295.5 156 Q
(nlist\(III\) get entries from name list)295.5 168 Q
(nm\(I\) print name list)295.5 180 Q
(nohup\(I\) run a command immune to hangups)295.5 192 Q(reset, sete)
188.77 204 Q(xit\(III\) e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 5(cute non-local).15 F
(goto)2.5 E(tbl\(VI\) format tables for)191.08 216 Q(nrof)7.5 E 2.5(fo)
-.25 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(rof)-2.5 E(f)-.25 E(nrof)295.5 228 Q
(f\(I\) format te)-.25 E(xt)-.15 E(mem, kmem,)235.5 240 Q
(null\(IV\) core memory)7.5 E(rand, srand\(III\) random)193.87 252 Q
(number generator)7.5 E -.1(fa)138.28 264 S(ctor\(VI\) disco).1 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rp).15 G(rime f)-2.5 E(actors of a)-.1 E(number)7.5 E
(size\(I\) size of an)221.64 276 Q(object \214le)7.5 E(sk)257.05 288 Q 5
(y\(VI\) obtain)-.15 F(ephemerides)2.5 E 5(od\(I\) octal)268.01 300 R
(dump)2.5 E(od\(I\) octal dump)295.5 312 Q 5(opr\(I\) of)264.68 324 R
2.5(fl)-.25 G(ine print)-2.5 E(man\(I\) run)244.96 336 Q(of)7.5 E 2.5
(fs)-.25 G(ection of UNIX manual)-2.5 E(login\(I\) sign)238.28 348 Q
(onto UNIX)7.5 E(dup\(II\) duplicate an)208.58 360 Q
(open \214le descriptor)7.5 E(fstat\(II\) get status of)206.63 372 Q
(open \214le)7.5 E 5(open\(II\) open)255.24 384 R
(for reading or writing)2.5 E(open\(II\) open for reading or writing)
295.5 396 Q 5(plot: openpl)269.66 408 R(et al.\(VII\) graphics interf)
2.5 E(ace)-.1 E(opr\(I\) of)295.5 420 Q 2.5(fl)-.25 G(ine print)-2.5 E
(stty\(I\) set type)206.6 432 Q 5(writer options)-.25 F
(rk\(IV\) RK-11/RK03)206.07 444 Q(\(or RK05\) disk)7.5 E
(ecvt, fcvt\(III\))234.14 456 Q(output con)7.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15
E(locv\(III\) long)233.85 468 Q(output con)7.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion).15
E(a.out\(V\) assembler and link editor)151.08 480 Q(output)7.5 E
(putc, putw)138.57 492 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G(creat, f)-2.5 E(\215ush\(III\) b)
-.25 E(uf)-.2 E 5(fered output)-.25 F(cho)217.45 504 Q(wn\(II\) change)
-.25 E -.25(ow)7.5 G(ner and group of a \214le).25 E(cho)206.9 516 Q
(wn\(VIII\) change)-.25 E -.25(ow)7.5 G(ner).25 E(pc\(IV\) PC-11)233.29
528 Q(paper tape reader/punch)7.5 E(passwd\(I\) change login passw)295.5
540 Q(ord)-.1 E(passwd\(V\) passw)295.5 552 Q(ord \214le)-.1 E 5
(crypt\(III\) passw)250.8 564 R(ord encoding)-.1 E 5(passwd\(V\) passw)
244.68 576 R(ord \214le)-.1 E(passwd\(I\) change login)194.69 588 Q
(passw)7.5 E(ord)-.1 E(grep\(I\) search a \214le for a)188.88 600 Q
(pattern)7.5 E 5(pc\(IV\) PC-11)261.35 612 R(paper tape reader/punch)2.5
E(pc\(IV\) PC-11 paper tape reader/punch)295.5 624 Q 5
(update\(VIII\) periodically)237.47 636 R(update the super block)2.5 E 5
(mesg\(I\) permit)256.9 648 R(or den)2.5 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(essages)-2.5 E
(error messages...)220.8 660 Q(perror)7.5 E 2.5(,s)-.4 G
(yserrlist, sysnerr)-2.5 E 2.5(,e)-.4 G(rrno\(III\) system)-2.5 E
(pfe\(I\) print \215oating e)295.5 672 Q(xception)-.15 E
(dpd\(VIII\) data)229.97 684 Q(phone daemon)7.5 E 5
(cat\(IV\) phototypesetter)259.13 696 R(interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E
(split\(I\) split a \214le into)200.77 708 Q(pieces)7.5 E 5
(tee\(I\) pipe)266.35 720 R(\214tting)2.5 E(25)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 26 28
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q
(pipe\(II\) create an interprocess channel)295.5 96 Q
(plot: openpl et al.\(VII\) graphics interf)295.5 108 Q(ace)-.1 E
(plot: tek, gsip, vt0\(VI\) graphics \214lters)295.5 120 Q
(fptrap\(III\) \215oating)214.41 132 Q(point interpreter)7.5 E
(seek\(II\) mo)189.45 144 Q .3 -.15(ve r)-.15 H 5(ead/write pointer).15
F(typo\(I\) \214nd)242.17 156 Q(possible typos)7.5 E(po)295.5 168 Q
(w\(III\) \215oating e)-.25 E(xponentiation)-.15 E(bc\(I\) arbitrary)
231.64 180 Q(precision interacti)7.5 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(anguage).15 E
(azel\(VI\) satellite)221.08 192 Q(predictions)7.5 E 5
(monitor\(III\) prepare)239.68 204 R -.15(exe)2.5 G(cution pro\214le).15
E(pr\(I\) print \214le)295.5 216 Q -.1(fa)211.49 228 S(ctor\(VI\) disco)
.1 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.5(rp).15 G(rime f)-7.5 E(actors of a number)-.1 E
(primes\(VI\) print all)209.68 240 Q(primes lar)7.5 E(ger than some)-.18
E(what)-.25 E(primes\(VI\) print all primes lar)295.5 252 Q
(ger than some)-.18 E(what)-.25 E 5(primes\(VI\) print)243.57 264 R
(all primes lar)2.5 E(ger than some)-.18 E(what)-.25 E 5
(date\(I\) print)261.35 276 R(and set the date)2.5 E 5(cal\(VI\) print)
259.13 288 R(calendar)2.5 E 5(pr\(I\) print)269.68 300 R(\214le)2.5 E 5
(pfe\(I\) print)265.24 312 R(\215oating e)2.5 E(xception)-.15 E 5
(comm\(I\) print)253.01 324 R(lines common to tw)2.5 E 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G
(les)-2.5 E 5(nm\(I\) print)265.23 336 R(name list)2.5 E
(cat\(I\) concatenate and)199.71 348 Q(print)7.5 E(lpd\(VIII\) line)
233.85 360 Q(printer daemon)7.5 E(lp\(IV\) line)245.51 372 Q(printer)7.5
E(printf\(III\) formatted print)295.5 384 Q(opr\(I\) of)233.27 396 Q 2.5
(fl)-.25 G 5(ine print)-2.5 F(printf\(III\) formatted)207.75 408 Q
(print)7.5 E(nice\(I\) run a command at lo)169.67 420 Q 7.5(wp)-.25 G
(riority)-7.5 E(nice\(II\) set program)208.03 432 Q(priority)7.5 E
(su\(VIII\) become)221.64 444 Q(pri)7.5 E(vile)-.25 E(ged user)-.15 E 5
(boot procedures\(VIII\))270.22 456 R(UNIX startup)2.5 E 5
(init\(VIII\) process)250.79 468 R(control initialization)2.5 E
(setgid\(II\) set)237.18 480 Q(process group ID)7.5 E(getpid\(II\) get)
234.96 492 Q(process identi\214cation)7.5 E 5(ps\(I\) process)269.12 504
R(status)2.5 E(times\(II\) get)238.29 516 Q(process times)7.5 E -.1(wa)
223.78 528 S(it\(II\) w).1 E(ait for)-.1 E(process to terminate)7.5 E 5
(ptrace\(II\) process)250.25 540 R(trace)2.5 E(setuid\(II\) set)237.18
552 Q(process user ID)7.5 E -.15(ex)219.56 564 S(it\(II\) terminate).15
E(process)7.5 E(fork\(II\) spa)211.21 576 Q(wn ne)-.15 E 7.5(wp)-.25 G
(rocess)-7.5 E(kill\(I\) terminate a)217.46 588 Q(process)7.5 E
(kill\(II\) send signal to a)196.9 600 Q(process)7.5 E -.1(wa)178.65 612
S(it\(I\) a).1 E -.1(wa)-.15 G(it completion of).1 E(process)7.5 E
(hmul\(III\) high-order)206.08 624 Q(product)7.5 E
(prof\(I\) display pro\214le data)295.5 636 Q(prof\(I\) display)229.96
648 Q(pro\214le data)7.5 E(monitor\(III\) prepare e)166.12 660 Q -.15
(xe)-.15 G 5(cution pro\214le).15 F(pro\214l\(II\) e)191.65 672 Q -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cution time).15 E(pro\214le)7.5 E(pro\214l\(II\) e)295.5 684
Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution time pro\214le).15 E(nice\(II\) set)244.41 696 Q
(program priority)7.5 E(end, ete)141.24 708 Q
(xt, edata\(III\) last locations in)-.15 E(program)7.5 E
(units\(VI\) con)205.51 720 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 5(rsion program).15 F(26)283
768 Q EP
%%Page: 27 29
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(ps\(I\) process status)295.5 96 Q
(ptrace\(II\) process trace)295.5 108 Q(m6\(VI\) general)226.08 120 Q
(purpose macroprocessor)7.5 E(putc, putw)295.5 132 Q 2.5(,f)-.65 G
(creat, f)-2.5 E(\215ush\(III\) b)-.25 E(uf)-.2 E(fered output)-.25 E
(putchar)295.5 144 Q 2.5<2c8d>-.4 G(ush\(III\) write character)-2.5 E 5
(putc, putw)268.28 156 R 2.5(,f)-.65 G(creat, f)-2.5 E(\215ush\(III\) b)
-.25 E(uf)-.2 E(fered output)-.25 E(pwd\(I\) w)295.5 168 Q
(orking directory name)-.1 E(qsort\(III\) quick)295.5 180 Q(er sort)-.1
E 5(qsort\(III\) quick)251.35 192 R(er sort)-.1 E
(quiz\(VI\) test your kno)295.5 204 Q(wledge)-.25 E
(rand, srand\(III\) random number generator)295.5 216 Q
(rand, srand\(III\))226.92 228 Q(random number generator)7.5 E 5
(rc\(I\) Ratfor)270.24 240 R(compiler)2.5 E(rc\(I\) Ratfor compiler)
295.5 252 Q 5(getchar\(III\) read)241.92 264 R(character)2.5 E 5
(csw\(II\) read)259.13 276 R(console switches)2.5 E 5(read\(II\) read)
257.47 288 R(from \214le)2.5 E(pc\(IV\) PC-11 paper tape)189.42 300 Q
(reader/punch)7.5 E(read\(II\) read from \214le)295.5 312 Q
(open\(II\) open for)219.14 324 Q(reading or writing)7.5 E
(seek\(II\) mo)232.49 336 Q 5.3 -.15(ve r)-.15 H(ead/write pointer).15 E
(cref\(I\) mak)215.36 348 Q 2.5(ec)-.1 G 5(ross reference)-2.5 F
(listing)2.5 E(strip\(I\) remo)175.26 360 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.15 H
(ymbols and).15 E(relocation bits)7.5 E 5(unlink\(II\) remo)249.12 372 R
.3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory entry).15 E 5(rmdir\(I\) remo)255.79 384 R
.3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory).15 E 5(strip\(I\) remo)260.23 396 R .3
-.15(ve s)-.15 H(ymbols and relocation bits).15 E 5(rm\(I\) remo)266.9
408 R .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(unlink\) \214les).15 E(mv\(I\) mo)229.98 420
Q .3 -.15(ve o)-.15 H 7.5(rr).15 G(ename a \214le)-7.5 E
(uniq\(I\) report)233.85 432 Q(repeated lines in a \214le)7.5 E 5
(uniq\(I\) report)260.23 444 R(repeated lines in a \214le)2.5 E
(reset, sete)295.5 456 Q(xit\(III\) e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cute non-local goto).15 E(restor\(VIII\) incremental \214le system)
146.09 468 Q(restore)7.5 E
(restor\(VIII\) incremental \214le system restore)295.5 480 Q 5
(ttyn\(III\) return)255.79 492 R(name of current type)2.5 E(writer)-.25
E(col\(VI\) \214lter)237.18 504 Q(re)7.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rse line feeds).15 E(re)265.49 516 Q 5(v\(I\) re)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rse lines of a \214le).15 E(re)295.5 528 Q(v\(I\) re)-.25 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(rse lines of a \214le).15 E 5(rf\(IV\) RF11/RS11)264.13 540 R
<8c78>2.5 E(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E(rf\(IV\) RF11/RS11 \214x)295.5
552 Q(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E 5(hp\(IV\) RH-11/RP04)260.79 564 R(mo)
2.5 E(ving-head disk)-.15 E 5(hs\(IV\) RH11/RS03-RS04)261.9 576 R<8c78>
2.5 E(ed-head disk \214le)-.15 E 5(ht\(IV\) RH-11/TU-16)263.01 588 R
(magtape interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E(rk\(IV\) RK-11/RK03 \(or)191.91 600 Q
(RK05\) disk)7.5 E 5(rk\(IV\) RK-11/RK03)262.46 612 R(\(or RK05\) disk)
2.5 E(rk\(IV\) RK-11/RK03 \(or RK05\) disk)295.5 624 Q(rmdir\(I\) remo)
295.5 636 Q .3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory).15 E(rm\(I\) remo)295.5 648 Q
.3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(unlink\) \214les).15 E(rof)295.5 660 Q
(f\(I\) format te)-.25 E(xt)-.15 E(sqrt\(III\) square)227.75 672 Q
(root function)7.5 E 5(rp\(IV\) RP-11/RP03)262.46 684 R(mo)2.5 E
(ving-head disk)-.15 E(rp\(IV\) RP-11/RP03 mo)295.5 696 Q
(ving-head disk)-.15 E 5(nice\(I\) run)261.35 708 R 2.5(ac)2.5 G
(ommand at lo)-2.5 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(riority)-2.5 E 5(nohup\(I\) run)
253.01 720 R 2.5(ac)2.5 G(ommand immune to hangups)-2.5 E(27)283 768 Q
EP
%%Page: 28 30
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q 5(man\(I\) run)260.79 96 R(of)2.5 E
2.5(fs)-.25 G(ection of UNIX manual)-2.5 E
(salloc\(VII\) string allocation and manipulation)295.5 108 Q 5
(azel\(VI\) satellite)254.69 120 R(predictions)2.5 E
(sa\(VIII\) Shell accounting)295.5 132 Q(break, brk,)244.96 144 Q
(sbrk\(II\) change core allocation)7.5 E(crwrite, cre)135.16 156 Q
(xch, crprior\(VII\) coroutine)-.15 E(scheme...crfork, cre)7.5 E
(xit, crread,)-.15 E 5(grep\(I\) search)260.24 168 R 2.5<618c>2.5 G
(le for a pattern)-2.5 E(man\(I\) run of)231.05 180 Q 7.5(fs)-.25 G
(ection of UNIX manual)-7.5 E(seek\(II\) mo)295.5 192 Q .3 -.15(ve r)
-.15 H(ead/write pointer).15 E 5(mail\(I\) send)260.23 204 R
(mail to designated users)2.5 E 5(kill\(II\) send)261.34 216 R
(signal to a process)2.5 E 5(stty\(II\) set)260.23 228 R(mode of type)
2.5 E(writer)-.25 E(gsi\(VI\) interpret e)145.15 240 Q
(xtended character)-.15 E(set on GSI terminal)7.5 E 5(setgid\(II\) set)
250.79 252 R(process group ID)2.5 E 5(setuid\(II\) set)250.79 264 R
(process user ID)2.5 E 5(nice\(II\) set)258.02 276 R(program priority)
2.5 E 5(tabs\(V\) set)258.01 288 R(tab stops)2.5 E(date\(I\) print and)
223.02 300 Q(set the date)7.5 E 5(stime\(II\) set)253.01 312 R(time)2.5
E 5(getty\(VIII\) set)244.13 324 R(type)2.5 E(writer mode)-.25 E 5
(stty\(I\) set)263.56 336 R(type)2.5 E(writer options)-.25 E
(ascii\(V\) map of ASCII character)157.49 348 Q(set)7.5 E 5(reset, sete)
266.62 360 R(xit\(III\) e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute non-local goto).15
E(set\214l\(III\) specify F)295.5 372 Q(ortran \214le name)-.15 E
(setgid\(II\) set process group ID)295.5 384 Q
(setuid\(II\) set process user ID)295.5 396 Q 5(sa\(VIII\) Shell)255.8
408 R(accounting)2.5 E(shift\(I\) adjust)233.84 420 Q(Shell ar)7.5 E
(guments)-.18 E 5(sh\(I\) shell)269.12 432 R(\(command interpreter\))2.5
E(sh\(I\) shell \(command interpreter\))295.5 444 Q
(shift\(I\) adjust Shell ar)295.5 456 Q(guments)-.18 E 5
(login\(I\) sign)257.45 468 R(onto UNIX)2.5 E(kill\(II\) send)240.51 480
Q(signal to a process)7.5 E(signal\(II\) catch or ignore signals)295.5
492 Q(signal\(II\) catch or ignore)188.31 504 Q(signals)7.5 E
(sin, cos\(III\) trigonometric functions)295.5 516 Q 5(size\(I\) size)
262.46 528 R(of an object \214le)2.5 E
(size\(I\) size of an object \214le)295.5 540 Q(sk)295.5 552 Q
(y\(VI\) obtain ephemerides)-.15 E(sleep\(I\) suspend e)295.5 564 Q -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cution for an interv).15 E(al)-.25 E(sleep\(II\) stop e)295.5
576 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution for interv).15 E(al)-.25 E
(spline\(VI\) interpolate)201.63 588 Q(smooth curv)7.5 E(e)-.15 E 5
(sno\(VI\) Snobol)256.9 600 R(interpreter)2.5 E
(sno\(VI\) Snobol interpreter)295.5 612 Q
(primes\(VI\) print all primes lar)134.6 624 Q(ger than)-.18 E(some)7.5
E(what)-.25 E(sort, usort\(I\))238.01 636 Q(sort or mer)7.5 E
(ge \214les)-.18 E(sort, usort\(I\) sort or mer)295.5 648 Q(ge \214les)
-.18 E(qsort\(III\) quick)218.96 660 Q 5(er sort)-.1 F 5(fork\(II\) spa)
258.02 672 R(wn ne)-.15 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess)-2.5 E(speak\(VI\) w)
295.5 684 Q(ord to v)-.1 E(oice translator)-.2 E(mknod\(II\) mak)159.53
696 Q 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory or a)-2.5 E(special \214le)7.5 E
(mknod\(VIII\) b)213.49 708 Q 5(uild special)-.2 F(\214le)2.5 E 5
(set\214l\(III\) specify)251.9 720 R -.15(Fo)2.5 G(rtran \214le name).15
E(28)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 29 31
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(spell\(I\) \214nd spelling errors)
295.5 96 Q(spell\(I\) \214nd)241.06 108 Q(spelling errors)7.5 E
(spline\(VI\) interpolate smooth curv)295.5 120 Q(e)-.15 E 5
(split\(I\) split)260.78 132 R 2.5<618c>2.5 G(le into pieces)-2.5 E
(split\(I\) split a \214le into pieces)295.5 144 Q
(sqrt\(III\) square root function)295.5 156 Q 5(sqrt\(III\) square)
256.35 168 R(root function)2.5 E 5(rand, srand\(III\))267.73 180 R
(random number generator)2.5 E(boot procedures\(VIII\) UNIX)172.49 192 Q
(startup)7.5 E(stat\(II\) get \214le status)295.5 204 Q(fstat\(II\) get)
242.74 216 Q(status of open \214le)7.5 E(gtty\(II\) get type)201.05 228
Q 5(writer status)-.25 F(ps\(I\) process)236.63 240 Q(status)7.5 E
(stat\(II\) get \214le)230.79 252 Q(status)7.5 E(stime\(II\) set time)
295.5 264 Q 5(sleep\(II\) stop)254.13 276 R -.15(exe)2.5 G
(cution for interv).15 E(al)-.25 E(tabs\(V\) set tab)229.68 288 Q(stops)
7.5 E(icheck\(VIII\) \214le system)192.47 300 Q(storage consistenc)7.5 E
2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E 5(salloc\(VII\) string)244.13 312 R
(allocation and manipulation)2.5 E(strip\(I\) remo)295.5 324 Q .3 -.15
(ve s)-.15 H(ymbols and relocation bits).15 E(stty\(I\) set type)295.5
336 Q(writer options)-.25 E(stty\(II\) set mode of type)295.5 348 Q
(writer)-.25 E 5(du\(I\) summarize)268.01 360 R(disk usage)2.5 E
(sync\(VIII\) update the)201.92 372 Q(super block)7.5 E
(update\(VIII\) periodically update the)143.32 384 Q(super block)7.5 E
(sync\(II\) update)227.19 396 Q(super)7.5 E(-block)-.2 E 5
(sleep\(I\) suspend)257.46 408 R -.15(exe)2.5 G(cution for an interv).15
E(al)-.25 E(su\(VIII\) become pri)295.5 420 Q(vile)-.25 E(ged user)-.15
E(csw\(II\) read console)206.37 432 Q(switches)7.5 E(strip\(I\) remo)
228.04 444 Q 5.3 -.15(ve s)-.15 H(ymbols and relocation bits).15 E
(sync\(II\) update super)295.5 456 Q(-block)-.2 E
(sync\(VIII\) update the super block)295.5 468 Q(messages...perror)216.2
480 Q 7.5(,s)-.4 G(yserrlist, sysnerr)-7.5 E 2.5(,e)-.4 G
(rrno\(III\) system error)-2.5 E(perror)220.36 492 Q 2.5(,s)-.4 G 5
(yserrlist, sysnerr)-2.5 F 2.5(,e)-.4 G
(rrno\(III\) system error messages)-2.5 E(indir\(II\) indirect)222.74
504 Q(system call)7.5 E(intro\(II\) introduction to)194.12 516 Q
(system calls)7.5 E(crash\(VIII\) what to do when the)159.43 528 Q
(system crashes)7.5 E(dcheck\(VIII\) \214le)220.53 540 Q
(system directory consistenc)7.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E
(dump\(VIII\) incremental \214le)176.36 552 Q(system dump)7.5 E
(syserrlist, sysnerr)175.66 564 Q 2.5(,e)-.4 G 5(rrno\(III\) system)-2.5
F(error messages...perror)2.5 E(,)-.4 E
(restor\(VIII\) incremental \214le)176.37 576 Q(system restore)7.5 E
(icheck\(VIII\) \214le)222.75 588 Q(system storage consistenc)7.5 E 2.5
(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E(mtab\(V\) mounted \214le)201.34 600 Q
(system table)7.5 E(fs\(V\) format of \214le)211.63 612 Q(system v)7.5 E
(olume)-.2 E(mkfs\(VIII\) construct a \214le)182.75 624 Q(system)7.5 E
(mount\(II\) mount \214le)205.78 636 Q(system)7.5 E
(mount\(VIII\) mount \214le)195.23 648 Q(system)7.5 E
(umount\(II\) dismount \214le)189.11 660 Q(system)7.5 E
(umount\(VIII\) dismount \214le)178.56 672 Q(system)7.5 E
(who\(I\) who is on the)204.68 684 Q(system)7.5 E(tabs\(V\) set)244.4
696 Q(tab stops)7.5 E(mtab\(V\) mounted \214le system)171.06 708 Q
(table)7.5 E(tbl\(VI\) format)231.07 720 Q(tables for nrof)7.5 E 2.5(fo)
-.25 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(rof)-2.5 E(f)-.25 E(29)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 30 32
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(tabs\(V\) set tab stops)295.5 96 Q
(atan, atan2\(III\) arc)213.32 108 Q(tangent function)7.5 E
(dump\(V\) incremental dump)176.35 120 Q(tape format)7.5 E
(tp\(V\) DEC/mag)223.84 132 Q(tape formats)7.5 E(pc\(IV\) PC-11 paper)
208.58 144 Q(tape reader/punch)7.5 E(tbl\(VI\) format tables for nrof)
295.5 156 Q 2.5(fo)-.25 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(rof)-2.5 E(f)-.25 E 5
(tc\(IV\) TC-11/TU56)263.57 168 R(DECtape)2.5 E
(tc\(IV\) TC-11/TU56 DECtape)295.5 180 Q(tee\(I\) pipe \214tting)295.5
192 Q 5(plot: tek,)269.66 204 R(gsip, vt0\(VI\) graphics \214lters)2.5 E
(interpret e)131.81 216 Q(xtended character set on GSI)-.15 E
(terminal...gsi\(VI\))7.5 E(neqn\(I\) typeset mathematics on)162.19 228
Q(terminal)7.5 E 5(kill\(I\) terminate)264.67 240 R 2.5(ap)2.5 G(rocess)
-2.5 E -.15(ex)263.16 252 S 5(it\(I\) terminate).15 F(command \214le)2.5
E -.15(ex)259.83 264 S 5(it\(II\) terminate).15 F(process)2.5 E -.1(wa)
181.01 276 S(it\(II\) w).1 E(ait for process to)-.1 E(terminate)7.5 E 5
(quiz\(VI\) test)253.57 288 R(your kno)2.5 E(wledge)-.25 E 5(ed\(I\) te)
268.57 300 R(xt editor)-.15 E(nrof)229.11 312 Q(f\(I\) format)-.25 E(te)
7.5 E(xt)-.15 E(rof)234.11 324 Q(f\(I\) format)-.25 E(te)7.5 E(xt)-.15 E
(trof)231.33 336 Q(f\(I\) format)-.25 E(te)7.5 E(xt)-.15 E
(primes\(VI\) print all primes lar)154.32 348 Q 5(ger than)-.18 F(some)
2.5 E(what)-.25 E 5(cubic\(VI\) three)249.13 360 R
(dimensional tic-tac-toe)2.5 E(cubic\(VI\) three dimensional)175.25 372
Q(tic-tac-toe)7.5 E(ttt\(VI\) the g)212.79 384 Q(ame of)-.05 E
(tic-tac-toe)7.5 E 5(time\(I\) time)260.23 396 R 2.5(ac)2.5 G(ommand)
-2.5 E(pro\214l\(II\) e)211.93 408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 5(cution time).15 F
(pro\214le)2.5 E(localtime, gmtime\(III\) con)130.53 420 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt date and).15 E(time to ASCII...ctime,)7.5 E
(time\(I\) time a command)295.5 432 Q(time\(II\) get date and time)295.5
444 Q(times\(II\) get process times)295.5 456 Q(stime\(II\) set)239.4
468 Q(time)7.5 E(times\(II\) get process)205.8 480 Q(times)7.5 E
(time\(II\) get date and)206.08 492 Q(time)7.5 E 5(tm\(IV\) TM-11/TU-10)
260.23 504 R(magtape interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E(tmg\(VI\) compiler)295.5 516
Q(-compiler)-.2 E(tm\(IV\) TM-11/TU-10 magtape interf)295.5 528 Q(ace)
-.1 E(tp\(I\) manipulate DECtape and magtape)295.5 540 Q
(tp\(V\) DEC/mag tape formats)295.5 552 Q(ptrace\(II\) process)217.76
564 Q(trace)7.5 E(goto\(I\) command)218.29 576 Q(transfer)7.5 E
(speak\(VI\) w)190.83 588 Q(ord to v)-.1 E 5(oice translator)-.2 F 5
(tr\(I\) transliterate)271.9 600 R(tr\(I\) transliterate)295.5 612 Q
(sin, cos\(III\))241.35 624 Q(trigonometric functions)7.5 E(trof)295.5
636 Q(f\(I\) format te)-.25 E(xt)-.15 E
(tbl\(VI\) format tables for nrof)158.01 648 Q 2.5(fo)-.25 G 7.5(rt)-2.5
G(rof)-7.5 E(f)-.25 E(ttt\(VI\) the g)295.5 660 Q(ame of tic-tac-toe)
-.05 E(greek\(V\) graphics for e)162.92 672 Q 5(xtended TTY)-.15 F
(-37 type-box)-1.11 E(tty\(I\) get type)295.5 684 Q(writer name)-.25 E
(tty\(IV\) general type)295.5 696 Q(writer interf)-.25 E(ace)-.1 E
(ttyn\(III\) return name of current type)295.5 708 Q(writer)-.25 E
(ttys\(V\) type)295.5 720 Q(writer initialization data)-.25 E(30)283 768
Q EP
%%Page: 31 33
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(cmp\(I\) compare)223.86 96 Q(tw)7.5 E
2.5<6f8c>-.1 G(les)-2.5 E(comm\(I\) print lines common to)162.45 108 Q
(tw)7.5 E 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G(les)-2.5 E(greek\(V\) graphics for e)128.76 120
Q(xtended TTY)-.15 E 5(-37 type-box)-1.11 F
(\214le\(I\) determine \214le)207.46 132 Q(type)7.5 E 5
(neqn\(I\) typeset)258.57 144 R(mathematics on terminal)2.5 E 5
(eqn\(I\) typeset)263.57 156 R(mathematics)2.5 E 5(ttys\(V\) type)259.67
168 R(writer initialization data)-.25 E(tty\(IV\) general)228.3 180 Q
(type)7.5 E(writer interf)-.25 E(ace)-.1 E(getty\(VIII\) set)230.52 192
Q(type)7.5 E(writer mode)-.25 E(tty\(I\) get)252.73 204 Q(type)7.5 E
(writer name)-.25 E(stty\(I\) set)249.95 216 Q(type)7.5 E
(writer options)-.25 E(gtty\(II\) get)244.4 228 Q(type)7.5 E
(writer status)-.25 E(stty\(II\) set mode of)211.07 240 Q(type)7.5 E
(writer)-.25 E(ttyn\(III\) return name of current)163.6 252 Q(type)7.5 E
(writer)-.25 E(typo\(I\) \214nd possible typos)295.5 264 Q
(typo\(I\) \214nd possible)206.89 276 Q(typos)7.5 E
(getpw\(III\) get name from)186.09 288 Q(UID)7.5 E
(umount\(II\) dismount \214le system)295.5 300 Q
(umount\(VIII\) dismount \214le system)295.5 312 Q
(uniq\(I\) report repeated lines in a \214le)295.5 324 Q
(units\(VI\) con)295.5 336 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion program).15 E
(man\(I\) run of)189.39 348 Q 2.5(fs)-.25 G(ection of)-2.5 E
(UNIX manual)7.5 E(boot procedures\(VIII\))199.98 360 Q(UNIX startup)7.5
E(login\(I\) sign onto)218 372 Q(UNIX)7.5 E(rm\(I\) remo)234.71 384 Q
5.3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(unlink\) \214les).15 E(unlink\(II\) remo)295.5 396
Q .3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory entry).15 E 5(sync\(II\) update)256.35
408 R(super)2.5 E(-block)-.2 E 5(sync\(VIII\) update)245.8 420 R
(the super block)2.5 E(update\(VIII\) periodically)187.2 432 Q
(update the super block)7.5 E
(update\(VIII\) periodically update the super block)295.5 444 Q
(du\(I\) summarize disk)202.46 456 Q(usage)7.5 E(getuid\(II\) get)234.96
468 Q(user identi\214cations)7.5 E(setuid\(II\) set process)204.69 480 Q
(user ID)7.5 E 5(utmp\(V\) user)253.56 492 R(information)2.5 E 5
(wtmp\(V\) user)251.34 504 R(login history)2.5 E
(mail\(I\) send mail to designated)163.57 516 Q(users)7.5 E
(su\(VIII\) become pri)178.99 528 Q(vile)-.25 E 5(ged user)-.15 F -.1
(wa)201.18 540 S(ll\(VIII\) write to all).1 E(users)7.5 E
(write\(I\) write to another)191.64 552 Q(user)7.5 E 5(sort, usort\(I\))
270.5 564 R(sort or mer)2.5 E(ge \214les)-.18 E
(utmp\(V\) user information)295.5 576 Q(abs, f)200.63 588 Q
(abs\(III\) absolute)-.1 E -.25(va)7.5 G(lue).25 E(speak\(VI\) w)214.79
600 Q(ord to)-.1 E -.2(vo)7.5 G(ice translator).2 E
(fs\(V\) format of \214le system)181.35 612 Q -.2(vo)7.5 G(lume).2 E
(plot: tek, gsip,)230.77 624 Q(vt0\(VI\) graphics \214lters)7.5 E -.1
(wa)257.56 636 S 5(it\(II\) w).1 F(ait for process to terminate)-.1 E
-.1(wa)295.5 648 S(it\(I\) a).1 E -.1(wa)-.15 G
(it completion of process).1 E -.1(wa)295.5 660 S(it\(II\) w).1 E
(ait for process to terminate)-.1 E -.1(wa)295.5 672 S
(ll\(VIII\) write to all users).1 E(wc\(I\) w)295.5 684 Q(ord count)-.1
E 5(crash\(VIII\) what)243.03 696 R(to do when the system crashes)2.5 E
(crash\(VIII\) what to do)198.31 708 Q(when the system crashes)7.5 E 5
(who\(I\) who)260.79 720 R(is on the system)2.5 E(31)283 768 Q EP
%%Page: 32 34
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 12 Q(who\(I\) who is on the system)295.5 96
Q 5(wc\(I\) w)266.35 108 R(ord count)-.1 E 5(speak\(VI\) w)248.02 120 R
(ord to v)-.1 E(oice translator)-.2 E 5(pwd\(I\) w)260.79 132 R
(orking directory name)-.1 E(chdir\(I\) change)226.64 144 Q -.1(wo)7.5 G
(rking directory).1 E(chdir\(II\) change)223.31 156 Q -.1(wo)7.5 G
(rking directory).1 E(putchar)217.31 168 Q 2.5<2c8d>-.4 G 5
(ush\(III\) write)-2.5 F(character)2.5 E 5(write\(II\) write)254.13 180
R(on a \214le)2.5 E -.1(wa)247.01 192 S 5(ll\(VIII\) write).1 F
(to all users)2.5 E 5(write\(I\) write)257.46 204 R(to another user)2.5
E(write\(I\) write to another user)295.5 216 Q
(write\(II\) write on a \214le)295.5 228 Q
(open\(II\) open for reading or)175.82 240 Q(writing)7.5 E
(wtmp\(V\) user login history)295.5 252 Q(wump\(VI\) the g)295.5 264 Q
(ame of hunt-the-wumpus)-.05 E(yacc\(I\) yet another compiler)295.5 276
Q(-compiler)-.2 E 5(yacc\(I\) yet)259.69 288 R(another compiler)2.5 E
(-compiler)-.2 E(quiz\(VI\) test)237.18 300 Q(your kno)7.5 E(wledge)-.25
E(32)283 768 Q EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF