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262.72 Q F0 1.074(means replace the named f)3.574 F 1.074
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F(xist,)-.15 E F3(r)3.574 E F0 1.073(creates it.)3.573 F 1.073(If the)
6.073 F(named f)108 273.72 Q(iles are not in the archi)-.2 E .3 -.15
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289.76 Q F0 .661(prints a table of contents of the archi)3.16 F .961
-.15(ve f)-.25 H 3.161(ile. If)-.05 F .661(no names are gi)3.161 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .661(n, all f).15 F .661(iles in the archi)-.2 F .961 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .661(re tabled.).15 F(If)5.661 E(names are gi)108 300.76 Q
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316.8 Q F0 .109(is similar to)2.609 F F3(r)2.608 E F0 -.15(ex)2.608 G
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327.8 S(les in the archi).2 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(hat ha).15 E .3 -.15
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(cop)2.5 E(y)-.1 E F3(a)115.5 408.92 Q F0(append)2.5 E F3(d)115.5 419.92
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Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(tract).15 E F1(FILES)72 460.12 Q F0 28.38
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(ld \(I\), archi)108 500.32 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(V\)).15 E F1 -.08(BU)
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(There should be a w)108 545.56 R .837
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(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(As)108 192.6 Q F0 .824
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311.04 Q F1(DIA)72 329.24 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 1.127(When an input f)108
340.24 R 1.128(ile cannot be read, its name follo)-.2 F 1.128
(wed by a question mark is typed and assembly ceases.)-.25 F .981
(When syntactic or semantic errors occur)108 351.24 R 3.481(,as)-.4 G
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(ile name in which it occurred.)-.2 F .281
(Errors in pass 1 cause cancellation of pass 2.)5.281 F .282
(The possible)5.281 F(errors are:)108 373.24 Q 26.67(\)P)108 389.28 S
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E 24.36(<S)108 411.28 S(tring not terminated properly)-24.36 E 25(*I)108
422.28 S(ndirection used ille)-25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(lly).05 E F3(.)108
433.28 Q F0(Ille)27.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(la).05 G(ssignment to `)-2.5
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(is a dialect of Basic.)2.729 F .229(If a f)5.229 F .229(ile ar)-.2 F
.229(gument is pro)-.18 F .229(vided, the f)-.15 F .228
(ile is used for input before the console is read.)-.2 F F4(Bas)108
203.6 Q F0(accepts lines of the form:)2.5 E(statement)115.5 219.64 Q
(inte)115.5 230.64 Q(ger statement)-.15 E(Inte)108 246.68 Q .37
(ger numbered statements \(kno)-.15 F .37
(wn as internal statements\) are stored for later e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15
G 2.87(cution. The).15 F 2.87(ya)-.15 G .37(re stored)-2.87 F .547
(in sorted ascending order)108 257.68 R 5.546(.N)-.55 G .546
(on-numbered statements are immediately e)-5.546 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.046
(cuted. The).15 F .546(result of an immedi-)3.046 F(ate e)108 268.68 Q
(xpression statement \(that does not ha)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve `)-.2 H
(=' as its highest operator\) is printed.).15 E(Statements ha)108 284.72
Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing syntax:)-.25 E -.15(ex)108
300.76 S(pression).15 E 1.423(The e)133 311.76 R 1.423(xpression is e)
-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted for its side ef).15 F 1.424
(fects \(assignment or function call\) or for printing as de-)-.25 F
(scribed abo)133 322.76 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F3(comment)108 338.8 Q
F0(...)2.5 E(This statement is ignored.)133 349.8 Q
(It is used to interject commentary in a program.)5 E F3(done)108 365.84
Q F0(Return to system le)133 376.84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F3(draw)
108 392.88 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression e).15 E(xpression e)-.15 E
(xpression)-.15 E 3.159(Al)133 403.88 S .659(ine is dra)-3.159 F .658
(wn on the T)-.15 F .658(ektronix 611 display `/de)-.7 F .658
(v/vt0' from the current display position to the XY)-.25 F .707
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(scale is zero to one in both X and Y direc-)3.207 F 3.338(tions. If)133
425.88 R .838(the third e)3.338 F .837
(xpression is zero, the line is in)-.15 F 3.337(visible. The)-.4 F .837
(current display position is set to the)3.337 F(end point.)133 436.88 Q
F3(display)108 452.92 Q F0(list)2.5 E .623(The list of e)133 463.92 R
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474.92 Q(The current display position is not changed.)5 E F3(dump)108
490.96 Q F0(The name and current v)133 501.96 Q(alue of e)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ry v).15 E(ariable is printed.)-.25 E F3(edit)108 518 Q F0
.212(The UNIX editor)133 529 R(,)-.4 E F4(ed,)2.712 E F0 .212(is in)
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(the editor e)2.712 F .211(xits, this f)-.15 F .211(ile is recompiled.)
-.2 F F3(erase)108 545.04 Q F0(The 611 screen is erased.)133 556.04 Q F3
-.25(fo)108 572.08 S(r).25 E F0(name)2.5 E F3(=)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(pression e).15 E(xpression statement)-.15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 583.08 S(r)
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(xpression)-.15 E(...)133 594.08 Q F3(next)108 605.08 Q F0(The)133
616.08 Q F4(for)4.26 E F0 1.76(statement repetiti)4.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
1.76(ly e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.76(cutes a statement \(f).15 F 1.76
(irst form\) or a group of statements \(second)-.2 F .227
(form\) under control of a named v)133 627.08 R 2.727(ariable. The)-.25
F -.25(va)2.727 G .226(riable tak).25 F .226(es on the v)-.1 F .226
(alue of the f)-.25 F .226(irst e)-.2 F .226(xpression, then)-.15 F
(is incremented by one on each loop, not to e)133 638.08 Q(xceed the v)
-.15 E(alue of the second e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F3(goto)108 654.12
Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression).15 E .615(The e)133 665.12 R .615
(xpression is e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .615(luated, truncated to an inte)
.25 F .615(ger and e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .615
(cution goes to the corresponding inte).15 F(ger)-.15 E
(numbered statment.)133 676.12 Q(If e)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted from immediate mode, the internal statements are compiled f).15 E
(irst.)-.2 E F3(if)108 692.16 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression statement).15
E F3(if)108 703.16 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression).15 E(...)133 714.16 Q([)
108 725.16 Q F3(else)2.5 E F0 2.5(-3-)297.67 772.16 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.35(BA)72 58 S 178.8 1.666(S\(I\) 5)
.35 H 182.132(/15/74 B)-1.666 F -.834(AS \( I \))-.35 F(... ])133 105 Q
/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fi)108 116 S F0 .679(The statement \(f)133
127 R .679(irst form\) or group of statements \(second form\) is e)-.2 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cuted if the e).15 F .678(xpression e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E .1(ates to non-zero.)133 138 R .1
(In the second form, an optional)5.1 F F1(else)2.6 E F0(allo)2.6 E .1
(ws for a group of statements to be e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E
(when the f)133 149 Q(irst group is not.)-.2 E F1(list)108 165.04 Q F0
([e)2.5 E(xpression [e)-.15 E(xpression]])-.15 E .668
(is used to print out the stored internal statements.)133 176.04 R .667
(If no ar)5.667 F .667(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .667
(n, all internal statements).15 F .186(are printed.)133 187.04 R .186
(If one ar)5.186 F .186(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .186
(n, only that internal statement is listed.).15 F .187(If tw)5.187 F
2.687(oa)-.1 G -.18(rg)-2.687 G .187(uments are gi).18 F(v-)-.25 E
(en, all internal statements inclusi)133 198.04 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly between the ar).15 E(guments are printed.)-.18 E F1(print)108 214.08
Q F0(list)2.5 E .614(The list of e)133 225.08 R .613
(xpressions and strings are concatenated and printed.)-.15 F .613
(\(A string is delimited by " charac-)5.613 F(ters.\))133 236.08 Q F1
(pr)108 252.12 Q(ompt)-.18 E F0(list)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pr)
133 263.12 Q(ompt)-.45 E F0(is the same as)2.5 E F2(print)2.5 E F0 -.15
(ex)2.5 G(cept that no ne).15 E(wline character is printed.)-.25 E F1
-.18(re)108 279.16 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([e)2.5 E(xpression])-.15 E
.121(The e)133 290.16 R .121(xpression is e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .121
(luated and the result is passed back as the v).25 F .122
(alue of a function call.)-.25 F .122(If no e)5.122 F(xpres-)-.15 E
(sion is gi)133 301.16 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, zero is returned.).15 E F1
(run)108 317.2 Q F0 .197(The internal statements are compiled.)133 328.2
R .196(The symbol table is re-initialized.)5.196 F .196
(The random number gener)5.196 F(-)-.2 E(ator is reset.)133 339.2 Q
(Control is passed to the lo)5 E(west numbered internal statement.)-.25
E F1(sa)108 355.24 Q -.1(ve)-.25 G F0([e)2.6 E(xpression [e)-.15 E
(xpression]])-.15 E F2(Save)133 366.24 Q F0 .412(is lik)2.912 F(e)-.1 E
F2(list)2.912 E F0 -.15(ex)2.912 G .412
(cept that the output is written on the).15 F F2 -.2(fi)2.912 G(le).2 E
F0(ar)2.912 E 2.912(gument. If)-.18 F .412(no ar)2.912 F .412
(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.912(no).15 G 2.912(nt)-2.912 G(he)
-2.912 E(command,)133 377.24 Q F1 -.4(b.)2.5 G(out).4 E F0(is used.)2.5
E(Expressions ha)108 393.28 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing syntax:)-.25 E(name)108 409.32 Q 2.906(An)133 420.32 S .406
(ame is used to specify a v)-2.906 F 2.906(ariable. Names)-.25 F .405
(are composed of a letter follo)2.906 F .405(wed by letters and digits.)
-.25 F(The f)133 431.32 Q(irst four characters of a name are signif)-.2
E(icant.)-.2 E(number)108 447.36 Q 3.33(An)133 458.36 S .83
(umber is used to represent a constant v)-3.33 F 3.331(alue. A)-.25 F
.831(number is written in F)3.331 F .831(ortran style, and contains)-.15
F .091(digits, an optional decimal point, and possibly a scale f)133
469.36 R .091(actor consisting of an)-.1 F F1(e)2.591 E F0(follo)2.591 E
.091(wed by a possibly)-.25 F(signed e)133 480.36 Q(xponent.)-.15 E F1
(\()108 496.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression).15 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.15(Pa)
133 507.4 S(rentheses are used to alter normal order of e).15 E -.25(va)
-.25 G(luation.).25 E .4 LW 113 525.94 108 525.94 DL -.15(ex)115.5
523.44 S(pression).15 E(The result is the ne)133 534.44 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(tion of the e).05 E(xpression.)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 550.48 S
(pression operator e).15 E(xpression)-.15 E .365(Common functions of tw)
133 561.48 R 2.865(oa)-.1 G -.18(rg)-2.865 G .365(uments are abbre).18 F
.365(viated by the tw)-.25 F 2.865(oa)-.1 G -.18(rg)-2.865 G .365
(uments separated by an operator).18 F(denoting the function.)133 572.48
Q 2.5(Ac)5 G(omplete list of operators is gi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(nb).15 G(elo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G -.15(ex)108 588.52 S(pression).15 E
F1(\()2.5 E F0([e)2.5 E(xpression [)-.15 E F1(,)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(pression] ... ]).15 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .456
(Functions of an arbitrary number of ar)133 599.52 R .456
(guments can be called by an e)-.18 F .455(xpression follo)-.15 F .455
(wed by the ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E .237
(ments in parentheses separated by commas.)133 610.52 R .237(The e)5.237
F .237(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .238
(luates to the line number of the entry).25 F 1.266
(of the function in the internally stored statements.)133 621.52 R 1.266
(This causes the internal statements to be com-)6.266 F 3.301(piled. If)
133 632.52 R .801(the e)3.301 F .801(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.801(luates ne).25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.301(,ab)
.15 G .801(uiltin function is called.)-3.501 F .802(The list of b)5.802
F .802(uiltin functions)-.2 F(appears belo)133 643.52 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G
(name)108 659.56 Q F1([)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression [).15 E F1(,)2.5
E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pression ] ...).15 E F1(])5 E F0 .083(Each e)133
670.56 R .083(xpression is truncated to an inte)-.15 F .082
(ger and used as a specif)-.15 F .082(ier for the name.)-.2 F .082
(The result is syntacti-)5.082 F .782(cally identical to a name.)133
681.56 R F1(a[1,2])5.782 E F0 .782(is the same as)3.282 F F1(a[1][2].)
3.283 E F0 .783(The truncated e)5.783 F .783
(xpressions are restricted to)-.15 F -.25(va)133 692.56 S
(lues between 0 and 32767.).25 E(The follo)108 708.6 Q
(wing is the list of operators:)-.25 E 2.5(-4-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.35(BA)72 58 S 178.8 1.666(S\(I\) 5)
.35 H 182.132(/15/74 B)-1.666 F -.834(AS \( I \))-.35 F(=)108 105 Q
2.737(=i)133 116 S 2.737(st)-2.737 G .237(he assignment operator)-2.737
F 5.237(.T)-.55 G .236
(he left operand must be a name or an array element.)-5.237 F .236
(The result is the)5.236 F(right operand.)133 127 Q(Assignment binds ri\
ght to left, all other operators bind left to right.)5 E 5(&|)108 143.04
S 3.261(&\()133 154.04 S .761
(logical and\) has result zero if either of its ar)-3.261 F .761
(guments are zero.)-.18 F .761(It has result one if both its ar)5.761 F
(gu-)-.18 E .181(ments are non-zero.)133 165.04 R 2.681(|\()5.181 G .181
(logical or\) has result zero if both of its ar)-2.681 F .18
(guments are zero.)-.18 F .18(It has result one if)5.18 F
(either of its ar)133 176.04 Q(guments are non-zero.)-.18 E 5(<<)108
192.08 S 5(=>>)-5 G 5(==)-5 G 5(=<)-5 G(>)-5 E .551(The relational oper\
ators \(< less than, <= less than or equal, > greater than, >= greater \
than or equal,)133 203.08 R .543
(== equal to, <> not equal to\) return one if their ar)133 214.08 R .543
(guments are in the specif)-.18 F .542(ied relation.)-.2 F(The)5.542 E
3.042(yr)-.15 G(eturn)-3.042 E 2.05(zero otherwise.)133 225.08 R 2.05
(Relational operators at the same le)7.05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.551(le).15
G 2.051(xtend as follo)-4.701 F 2.051(ws: a>b>c is the same as)-.25 F
(a>b&b>c.)133 236.08 Q(+)108 252.12 Q/F1 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(Add and subtract.)133 263.12 Q 2.5(*/)108 279.16 S(Multiply and di)133
290.16 Q(vide.)-.25 E(^)108 306.2 Q(Exponentiation.)133 317.2 Q
(The follo)108 333.24 Q(wing is a list of b)-.25 E(uiltin functions:)-.2
E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ar)108 349.28 Q(g\(i\))-.1 E F0(is the v)133
360.28 Q(alue of the)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(i)2.5 E F0
(-th actual parameter on the current le)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lo).15
G 2.5(ff)-2.5 G(unction call.)-2.5 E F2(exp\(x\))108 376.32 Q F0
(is the e)133 387.32 Q(xponential function of)-.15 E F3(x)2.5 E F0(.)A
F2(log\(x\))108 403.36 Q F0(is the natural log)133 414.36 Q(arithm of)
-.05 E F3(x)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(sqr\(x\))108 430.4 Q F0
(is the square root of)133 441.4 Q F3(x)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(sin\(x\))108
457.44 Q F0(is the sine of)133 468.44 Q F3(x)2.5 E F0(\(radians\).)2.5 E
F2(cos\(x\))108 484.48 Q F0(is the cosine of)133 495.48 Q F3(x)2.5 E F0
(\(radians\).)2.5 E F2(atn\(x\))108 511.52 Q F0(is the arctangent of)133
522.52 Q F3(x)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C(ts v)-5 E(alue is between)-.25 E F1(-)2.5
E/F4 10/Symbol-Slanted SF(p)A F0(/2 and)A F4(p)2.5 E F0(/2.)A F2 -.15
(rn)108 538.56 S(d\( \)).15 E F0(is a uniformly distrib)133 549.56 Q
(uted random number between zero and one.)-.2 E F2(expr\( \))108 565.6 Q
F0 .216(is the only form of program input.)133 576.6 R 2.716(Al)5.216 G
.216(ine is read from the input and e)-2.716 F -.25(va)-.25 G .215
(luated as an e).25 F 2.715(xpression. The)-.15 F(resultant v)133 587.6
Q(alue is returned.)-.25 E F2(abs\(x\))108 603.64 Q F0
(is the absolute v)133 614.64 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(x)2.5 E F0(.)A F2
(int\(x\))108 630.68 Q F0(returns)133 641.68 Q F3(x)2.5 E F0
(truncated \(to)2.5 E -.1(wa)-.25 G(rds 0\) to an inte).1 E(ger)-.15 E
(.)-.55 E/F5 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 659.88 Q F0 28.38
(/tmp/btm? temporary)108 670.88 R -.4(b.)108 681.88 S 49.62(out sa).4 F
.3 -.15(ve f)-.2 H(ile)-.05 E F5(DIA)72 700.08 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 .061
(Syntax errors cause the incorrect line to be typed with an underscore \
where the parse f)108 711.08 R 2.561(ailed. All)-.1 F .062(other diag-)
2.562 F(nostics are self e)108 722.08 Q(xplanatory)-.15 E(.)-.65 E 2.5
(-5-)297.67 769.08 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.35(BA)72 58 S 178.8 1.666(S\(I\) 5)
.35 H 182.132(/15/74 B)-1.666 F -.834(AS \( I \))-.35 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.08(BU)72 105 S(GS).08 E F0(Has been kno)108 116 Q
(wn to gi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ore images.).15 E 2.5(-6-)297.67
767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(BC \( I \))72 58 R 187.892
(2/20/75 BC)190.392 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(bc)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(arbitrary precision interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(anguage).15 E
F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bc)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E
F3<ad6c>2.5 E F0 2.5(][f)2.5 G(ile ... ])-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6
Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bc)108 192.6 Q F0 1.392(is an interacti)3.892
F 1.692 -.15(ve p)-.25 H 1.392
(rocessor for a language which resembles C b).15 F 1.392(ut pro)-.2 F
1.392(vides unlimited precision arith-)-.15 F 3.083(metic. It)108 203.6
R(tak)3.083 E .584(es input from an)-.1 F 3.084(yf)-.15 G .584(iles gi)
-3.284 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .584(n, then reads the standard input.).15 F
.584(The `\255l' ar)5.584 F .584(gument stands for the)-.18 F 1.42(name\
 of a library of mathematical subroutines which contains sine \(named `\
s'\), cosine \(`c'\), arctangent)108 214.6 R .469(\(`a'\), natural log)
108 225.6 R .469(arithm \(`l'\), and e)-.05 F .469(xponential \(`e'\).)
-.15 F .469(The syntax for)5.469 F F4(bc)2.969 E F0 .47
(programs is as follo)2.97 F .47(ws; E means e)-.25 F(x-)-.15 E
(pression, S means statement.)108 236.6 Q(Comments)108 252.64 Q
(are enclosed in /* and */.)138 263.64 Q(Names)108 279.68 Q
(letters a\255z)138 290.68 Q(array elements: letter[E])138 301.68 Q
(The w)138 312.68 Q(ords `ibase', `obase', and `scale')-.1 E
(Other operands)108 328.72 Q
(arbitrarily long numbers with optional sign and decimal point.)138
339.72 Q 2.5(\(E\))138 350.72 S(sqrt \( E \))138 361.72 Q
(<letter> \( E , ... , E \))138 372.72 Q(Operators)108 388.76 Q 5
(+\255*/%^)138 399.76 S 5<2b2b20adad>138 410.76 R(\(pref)22.5 E
(ix and postf)-.2 E(ix; apply to names\))-.2 E 2.5(== <= >= != < >)138
421.76 R 5(==)138 432.76 S 5(+=)-5 G 5<ad3d>-5 G 5(*=)-5 G 5(/=)-5 G 5
(%=)-5 G(^)-5 E(Statements)108 448.8 Q(E)138 459.8 Q 2.5({S;.)138 470.8
S(.. ; S })-2.5 E(if \( E \) S)138 481.8 Q(while \( E \) S)138 492.8 Q
(for \( E ; E ; E \) S)138 503.8 Q(null statement)138 514.8 Q(break)138
525.8 Q(quit)138 536.8 Q(Function def)108 552.84 Q(initions are e)-.2 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(mplif).15 E(ied by)-.2 E(def)138 563.84 Q
(ine <letter> \( <letter> ,..., <letter> \) {)-.2 E
(auto <letter>, ... , <letter>)168 574.84 Q(S; ... S)168 585.84 Q
(return \( E \))168 596.84 Q(})138 607.84 Q(All function ar)108 623.88 Q
(guments are passed by v)-.18 E(alue.)-.25 E .507(The v)108 639.92 R
.507(alue of a statement that is an e)-.25 F .506
(xpression is printed unless the main operator is an assignment.)-.15 F
(Either)5.506 E .06(semicolons or ne)108 650.92 R .06
(wlines may separate statements.)-.25 F .061(Assignment to)5.061 F F4
(scale)2.561 E F0 .061(influences the number of digits to be)2.561 F
.267(retained on arithmetic operations.)108 661.92 R .267
(Assignments to)5.267 F F4(ibase)2.767 E F0(or)2.767 E F4(obase)2.767 E
F0 .267(set the input and output number radix re-)2.767 F(specti)108
672.92 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E .025(The same letter may be u\
sed as an array name, a function name, and a simple v)108 688.96 R .026
(ariable simultaneously)-.25 F 5.026(.`)-.65 G(Au-)-5.826 E 1.139(to' v)
108 699.96 R 1.139(ariables are sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.639(da).15 G
1.139(nd restored during function calls.)-3.639 F 1.139(All other v)
6.139 F 1.138(ariables are global to the program.)-.25 F 1.034
(When using arrays as function ar)108 710.96 R 1.034(guments or def)-.18
F 1.034(ining them as automatic v)-.2 F 1.035
(ariables empty square brack)-.25 F(ets)-.1 E(must follo)108 721.96 Q
2.5(wt)-.25 G(he array name.)-2.5 E 2.5(-7-)297.67 768.96 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(BC \( I \))72 58 R 187.892
(2/20/75 BC)190.392 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G -.15(Fo)108 105 S 2.5(re).15 G
(xample)-2.65 E(scale = 20)108 121.04 Q(def)108 132.04 Q(ine e\(x\){)-.2
E(auto a, b, c, i, s)144 143.04 Q 2.5(a=1)144 154.04 S 2.5(b=1)144
165.04 S 2.5(s=1)144 176.04 S(for\(i=1; 1==1; i++\){)144 187.04 Q 2.5
(a=a)180 198.04 S(*x)-2.5 E 2.5(b=b)180 209.04 S(*i)-2.5 E 2.5(c=a)180
220.04 S(/b)-2.5 E(if\(c == 0\) return\(s\))180 231.04 Q 2.5(s=s)180
242.04 S(+c)-2.5 E(})144 253.04 Q(})108 264.04 Q(def)108 280.08 Q
(ines a function to compute an approximate v)-.2 E(alue of the e)-.25 E
(xponential function and)-.15 E(for\(i=1; i<=10; i++\) e\(i\))144 296.12
Q(prints approximate v)108 312.16 Q(alues of the e)-.25 E
(xponential function of the f)-.15 E(irst ten inte)-.2 E(gers.)-.15 E/F1
8/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 330.36 Q F0(/usr/lib/lib)108 341.36 Q 20.72
(.b mathematical)-.4 F(library)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 359.56 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(dc)108 370.56 Q F0(\(I\), C Reference Manual, `)2.5 E
(`BC \255 An Arbitrary Precision Desk-Calculator Language.)-.74 E -.74
('')-.7 G F1 -.08(BU)72 388.76 S(GS).08 E F0(No &&, | | yet.)108 399.76
Q F2(for)108 410.76 Q F0(statement must ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
(ll three E').15 E(s)-.55 E F2(quit)108 421.76 Q F0
(is interpreted when read, not when e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E
2.5(-8-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(CA)72 58 Q 179.01 1.666(T\(I\) 1)-1.11
H 182.342(/15/73 CA)-1.666 F 1.666(T\(I\))-1.11 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(cat)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E
F0(concatenate and print)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(cat)108 163.4 Q F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le ...).2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q
/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Cat)108 192.6 Q F0(reads each f)2.5 E
(ile in sequence and writes it on the standard output.)-.2 E(Thus)5 E F3
(cat f)115.5 208.64 Q(ile)-.25 E F0(prints the f)108 224.68 Q(ile, and)
-.2 E F3(cat f)115.5 240.72 Q(ile1 f)-.25 E(ile2 >f)-.25 E(ile3)-.25 E
F0(concatenates the f)108 256.76 Q(irst tw)-.2 E 2.5(of)-.1 G
(iles and places the result on the third.)-2.7 E(If no input f)108 272.8
Q(ile is gi)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, or if the ar).15 E
(gument `\255' is encountered,)-.18 E F4(cat)2.5 E F0
(reads from the standard input f)2.5 E(ile.)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 296.04
Q F0(pr\(I\), cp\(I\))108 307.04 Q F1(DIA)72 325.24 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0
(none; if a f)108 336.24 Q(ile cannot be found it is ignored.)-.2 E F1
-.08(BU)72 354.44 S(GS).08 E F3(cat x y >x)108 365.44 Q F0(and)2.5 E F3
(cat x y >y)2.5 E F0(cause strange results.)2.5 E 2.5(-9-)297.67 767 S
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CC \( I \))72 58 R 187.892
(5/15/74 CC)190.392 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(cc)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0 2.5(Cc)
2.5 G(ompiler)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cc)108
163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(c)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(p)A F0
2.5(][)2.5 G F3<ad66>A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(O)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2
(-)A F3(S)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(P)A F0 2.5(]f)2.5 G(ile ...)-2.7 E
F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Cc)108 192.6 Q F0
(is the UNIX C compiler)2.5 E 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ta)-5 G
(ccepts three types of ar)-2.5 E(guments:)-.18 E(Ar)108 208.64 Q .357
(guments whose names end with `.c' are tak)-.18 F .357
(en to be C source programs; the)-.1 F 2.856(ya)-.15 G .356
(re compiled, and each ob-)-2.856 F .125(ject program is left on the f)
108 219.64 R .125
(ile whose name is that of the source with `.o' substituted for `.c'.)
-.2 F .125(The `.o' f)5.125 F .125(ile is)-.2 F(normally deleted, ho)108
230.64 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .8 -.4(r, i).15 H 2.5(fas).4 G
(ingle C program is compiled and loaded all at one go.)-2.5 E(The follo)
108 246.68 Q(wing flags are interpreted by)-.25 E F4(cc.)2.5 E F0(See)5
E F4(ld \(I\))2.5 E F0(for load-time flags.)2.5 E F2(-)113 262.72 Q F3
(c)A F0 .517
(Suppress the loading phase of the compilation, and force an object f)
15.07 F .516(ile to be produced e)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.016(ni).15 G
3.016(fo)-3.016 G(nly)-3.016 E(one program is compiled.)138 273.72 Q F2
(-)113 289.76 Q F3(p)A F0 .477(Arrange for the compiler to produce code\
 which counts the number of times each routine is called;)13.95 F .09
(also, if loading tak)138 300.76 R .089(es place, replace the standard \
startup routine by one which automatically calls the)-.1 F F4(monitor)
138 311.76 Q F0 .166
(subroutine \(III\) at the start and arranges to write out a)2.665 F F4
(mon.out)2.666 E F0 -.2(fi)2.666 G .166(le at normal termination of).2 F
-.15(exe)138 322.76 S(cution of the object program.).15 E(An e)5 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cution prof).15 E(ile can then be generated by use of)-.2 E
F4(pr)2.5 E(of)-.45 E F0(\(I\).)2.5 E F3<ad66>113 338.8 Q F0 .185
(In systems without hardw)15.97 F .184(are floating-point, use a v)-.1 F
.184(ersion of the C compiler which handles floating-)-.15 F .858(point\
 constants and loads the object program with the floating-point interpr\
eter)138 349.8 R 5.858(.D)-.55 G 3.358(on)-5.858 G .858(ot use if the)
-3.358 F(hardw)138 360.8 Q(are is present.)-.1 E F2(-)113 376.84 Q F3(O)
A F0(In)11.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.5(no).1 G
(bject-code optimizer)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(-)113 392.88 Q F3(S)A F0 1.276
(Compile the named C programs, and lea)13.95 F 1.576 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
1.276(he assembler).15 F 1.276(-language output on corresponding f)-.2 F
(iles)-.2 E(suf)138 403.88 Q -.2(fi)-.25 G -.15(xe).2 G 2.5(d`).15 G
(.s'.)-2.5 E F2(-)113 419.92 Q F3(P)A F0 .383
(Run only the macro preprocessor on the named C programs, and lea)13.4 F
.684 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .384(he output on corresponding).15 F -.2(fi)138
430.92 S(les suf).2 E -.2(fi)-.25 G -.15(xe).2 G 2.5(d`).15 G(.i'.)-2.5
E .857(Other ar)108 446.96 R .857(guments are tak)-.18 F .857
(en to be either loader flag ar)-.1 F .856
(guments, or C-compatible object programs, typically)-.18 F .047
(produced by an earlier)108 457.96 R F4(cc)2.547 E F0 .047
(run, or perhaps libraries of C-compatible routines.)2.547 F .048
(These programs, together with)5.048 F .423(the results of an)108 468.96
R 2.923(yc)-.15 G .423(ompilations specif)-2.923 F .423
(ied, are loaded \(in the order gi)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .422
(n\) to produce an e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .422(cutable program).15 F
(with name)108 479.96 Q F3(a.out.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72 498.16 Q F0 -.2(fi)
108 509.16 S 49.43(le.c input).2 F -.2(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E -.2(fi)108
520.16 S 48.87(le.o object).2 F -.2(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E 49.78(a.out loaded)
108 531.16 R(output)2.5 E 28.94(/tmp/ctm? temporary)108 542.16 R 32.28
(/lib/c[01] compiler)108 553.16 R 28.95(/lib/fc[01] floating-point)108
564.16 R(compiler)2.5 E 43.94(/lib/c2 optional)108 575.16 R(optimizer)
2.5 E 30.33(/lib/crt0.o runtime)108 586.16 R(startof)2.5 E(f)-.25 E
22.55(/lib/mcrt0.o runtime)108 597.16 R(startof)2.5 E 2.5(fo)-.25 G 2.5
(fp)-2.5 G(rof)-2.5 E(iling)-.2 E 27(/lib/fcrt0.o runtime)108 608.16 R
(startof)2.5 E 2.5(ff)-.25 G(or floating-point interpretation)-2.5 E
31.44(/lib/libc.a C)108 619.16 R(library; see section III.)2.5 E 31.44
(/lib/liba.a Assembler)108 630.16 R
(library used by some routines in libc.a)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 648.36 Q
F0 -.74(``)108 659.36 S(Programming in C\212 a tutorial,).74 E 1.48 -.74
('' C R)-.7 H
(eference Manual, monitor \(III\), prof \(I\), cdb \(I\), ld \(I\).).74
E F1(DIA)72 677.56 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 .1
(The diagnostics produced by C itself are intended to be self-e)108
688.56 R(xplanatory)-.15 E 5.1(.O)-.65 G .1
(ccasional messages may be pro-)-5.1 F .209
(duced by the assembler or loader)108 699.56 R 5.209(.O)-.55 G 2.709(ft)
-5.209 G .209(hese, the most mystifying are from the assembler)-2.709 F
2.708(,i)-.4 G 2.708(np)-2.708 G .208(articular `)-2.708 F(`m,)-.74 E
-.74('')-.7 G(which means a multiply-def)108 710.56 Q(ined e)-.2 E
(xternal symbol \(function or data\).)-.15 E 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)
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.821(is a deb)3.321 F .821(ugger for use with C programs.)-.2 F .821
(It is useful for both post-mortem and interacti)5.821 F 1.122 -.15
(ve d)-.25 H(eb).15 E(ugging.)-.2 E .046(An important feature of)108
203.6 R F4(cdb)2.546 E F0 .046(is that e)2.546 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.546
(ni).15 G 2.546(nt)-2.546 G .046(he interacti)-2.546 F .345 -.15(ve c)
-.25 H .045(ase no adv).15 F .045
(ance planning is necessary to use it; in)-.25 F .612
(particular it is not necessary to compile or load the program in an)108
214.6 R 3.113(ys)-.15 G .613(pecial w)-3.113 F .613
(ay nor to include an)-.1 F 3.113(ys)-.15 G(pecial)-3.113 E
(routines in the object f)108 225.6 Q(ile.)-.2 E .025(The f)108 241.64 R
.025(irst ar)-.2 F .025(gument to)-.18 F F4(cdb)2.525 E F0 .024
(is an object program, preferably containing a symbol table; if not gi)
2.525 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.524(n`).15 G(`a.out')-3.264 E 2.524('i)-.74 G
(s)-2.524 E 2.531(used. The)108 252.64 R .032(second ar)2.531 F .032
(gument is the name of a core-image f)-.18 F .032(ile; if it is not gi)
-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .032(n, `).15 F(`core')-.74 E 2.532('i)-.74 G 2.532
(su)-2.532 G 2.532(sed. The)-2.532 F .032(core f)2.532 F(ile)-.2 E
(need not be present.)108 263.64 Q .706(Commands to)108 279.68 R F4(cdb)
3.206 E F0 .706(consist of an address, follo)3.206 F .706
(wed by a single command character)-.25 F 3.205(,p)-.4 G .705
(ossibly follo)-3.205 F .705(wed by a)-.25 F .27(command modif)108
290.68 R(ier)-.2 E 5.27(.U)-.55 G .27(sually if no address is gi)-5.27 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.771(nt).15 G .271(he last-printed address is used.)
-2.771 F .271(An address may be fol-)5.271 F(lo)108 301.68 Q .23
(wed by a comma and a number)-.25 F 2.73(,i)-.4 G 2.73(nw)-2.73 G .229
(hich case the command applies to the appropriate number of succes-)
-2.73 F(si)108 312.68 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(ddresses.).15 E 1.4
(Addresses are e)108 328.72 R 1.401(xpressions composed of names, decim\
al numbers, and octal numbers \(which be)-.15 F 1.401(gin with)-.15 F
-.74(``)108 339.72 S(0').74 E('\) and separated by `)-.74 E(`+')-.74 E
2.5('a)-.74 G(nd `)-2.5 E(`)-.74 E F2(-)A F0 -.74('')C 5(.E).74 G -.25
(va)-5 G(luation proceeds left-to-right.).25 E .159(Names of e)108
355.76 R .159(xternal v)-.15 F .159(ariables are written just as the)
-.25 F 2.658(ya)-.15 G .158(re in C.)-2.658 F -.15(Fo)5.158 G 2.658(rv)
.15 G .158(arious reasons the e)-2.908 F .158(xternal names gener)-.15 F
(-)-.2 E .404(ated by C all be)108 366.76 R .405
(gin with an underscore, which is automatically tack)-.15 F .405
(ed on by)-.1 F F4(cdb)2.905 E(.)-.4 E F0 .405
(Currently it is not possi-)5.405 F .494
(ble to suppress this feature, so symbols \(def)108 377.76 R .493
(ined in assembly-language programs\) which do not be)-.2 F .493
(gin with)-.15 F(underscore are inaccessible.)108 388.76 Q -1.11(Va)108
404.8 S .975(riables local to a function \(automatic, static, and ar)
1.11 F .975(guments\) are accessible by writing the name of the)-.18 F
1.293(function, a colon `)108 415.8 R(`:')-.74 E 1.293
(', and the name of the local v)-.74 F 1.293(ariable \(e.g. `)-.25 F
(`main:ar)-.74 E(gc')-.18 E 3.793('\). There)-.74 F 1.292
(is no notion of the)3.793 F -.74(``)108 426.8 S(current').74 E 2.5('f)
-.74 G(unction; its name must al)-2.5 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be written e).1
E(xplicitly)-.15 E(.)-.65 E 2.963(An)108 442.84 S .463(umber which be)
-2.963 F .463(gins with `)-.15 F(`0')-.74 E 2.963('i)-.74 G 2.963(st)
-2.963 G(ak)-2.963 E .463
(en to be octal; otherwise numbers are decimal, just as in C.)-.1 F
(There)5.464 E(is no pro)108 453.84 Q
(vision for input of floating numbers.)-.15 E .481(The construction `)
108 469.88 R(`name[e)-.74 E(xpression]')-.15 E 2.981('a)-.74 G .481
(ssumes that)-2.981 F F4(name)2.981 E F0 .481(is a pointer to an inte)
2.981 F .48(ger and is equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .48(lent to the).25 F
.19(contents of the named cell plus twice the e)108 480.88 R 2.69
(xpression. Notice)-.15 F(that)2.69 E F4(name)2.69 E F0 .19
(has to be a genuine pointer and that)2.69 F .615
(arrays are not accessible in this w)108 491.88 R(ay)-.1 E 5.615(.T)-.65
G .615(his is a consequence of the f)-5.615 F .615(act that types of v)
-.1 F .615(ariables are not cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently sa)108 502.88 Q
-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(di).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he symbol table.)-2.5 E
(The command characters are:)108 518.92 Q(/)108 534.96 Q F4(m)A F0 .468
(print the addressed w)10 F(ords.)-.1 E F4(m)5.469 E F0 .469(indicates \
the mode of printout; specifying a mode sets the mode until it)2.969 F
(is e)128 545.96 Q(xplicitly changed ag)-.15 E(ain:)-.05 E F3(o)128
556.96 Q F0(octal \(def)15 E(ault\))-.1 E F3(i)128 567.96 Q F0(decimal)
17.22 E F3(f)128 578.96 Q F0(single-precision floating-point)16.67 E F3
(d)128 589.96 Q F0(double-precision floating-point)14.44 E 17.22(\\P)108
606 S(rint the specif)-17.22 E(ied bytes in octal.)-.2 E 14.36(=p)108
622.04 S(rint the v)-14.36 E(alue of the addressed e)-.25 E
(xpression in octal.)-.15 E 16.67<b470>108 638.08 S
(rint the addressed bytes as characters.)-16.67 E
(Control and non-ASCII characters are escaped in octal.)5 E 15.92("t)108
654.12 S(ak)-15.92 E 2.851(et)-.1 G .351(he contents of the address as \
a pointer to a sequence of characters, and print the characters up to)
-2.851 F 2.5(an)128 665.12 S(ull byte.)-2.5 E
(Control and non-ASCII characters are escaped as octal.)5 E 12.22(&T)108
681.16 S 1.686(ry to interpret the contents of the address as a pointer)
-12.57 F 4.186(,a)-.4 G 1.687(nd print symbolically where the pointer)
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(The last call made is listed)5.415 F -.2(fi)128 132.04 S .902
(rst; the actual ar).2 F .901(guments to each routine are gi)-.18 F -.15
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154.04 R .98(gisters are listed.)-.15 F(If)5.98 E F1(m)3.48 E F0 .98
(is `)3.48 F -1.95(`f ')-.74 F .979
(', the contents of the floating-point re)-.74 F .979
(gisters are listed.)-.15 F .979(In all)5.979 F(cases, the reason wh)128
165.04 Q 2.5(yt)-.05 G(he program stopped or terminated is indicated.)
-2.5 E(%)108 181.08 Q F1(m)A F0(According to)4.45 E F1(m,)2.5 E F0
(set or delete a breakpoint, or run or continue the program:)2.5 E/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(b)128 197.12 Q F0 .678
(An address within the program must be gi)14.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .678
(n; a breakpoint is set there.).15 F(Ordinarily)5.678 E 3.178(,b)-.65 G
(reakpoints)-3.178 E .864
(will be set on the entry points of functions, b)148 208.12 R .864
(ut an)-.2 F 3.364(yl)-.15 G .864
(ocation is possible as long as it is the f)-3.364 F(irst)-.2 E -.1(wo)
148 219.12 S .227(rd of an instruction.).1 F .227(\(Labels don')5.227 F
2.727(ta)-.18 G .228(ppear in the symbol table yet.\))-2.727 F .228
(Stopping at the actual f)5.228 F(irst)-.2 E .728
(instruction of a function is undesirable because to mak)148 230.12 R
3.228(es)-.1 G .727(ymbolic printouts w)-3.228 F .727
(ork, the function')-.1 F(s)-.55 E(sa)148 241.12 Q .693 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
.393(equence has to be completed; therefore).15 F F1(cdb)2.894 E F0 .394
(automatically mo)2.894 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.894(sb).15 G .394
(reakpoints at the start of)-2.894 F(functions do)148 252.12 Q
(wn to the f)-.25 E(irst real code.)-.2 E .611(It is impossible to set \
breakpoints on pure-procedure programs \(\255n flag on cc or ld\) becau\
se the)148 268.16 R(program te)148 279.16 Q(xt is write-protected.)-.15
E F2(d)128 295.2 Q F0(An address must be gi)14.44 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n; the breakpoint at that address is remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E
F2(r)128 311.24 Q F0 1.186(Run the program being deb)15.56 F 3.686
(ugged. F)-.2 F(ollo)-.15 E 1.186(wing the `)-.25 F(`%r')-.74 E 1.186
(', ar)-.74 F 1.186(guments may be gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.187
(n; the).15 F 3.687(yc)-.15 G(annot)-3.687 E 1.871
(specify I/O redirection \(`)148 322.24 R(`>')-.74 E 1.871(', `)-.74 F
(`<')-.74 E 1.871('\) or f)-.74 F 4.371(ilters. No)-.2 F 1.87
(address is permissible, and the program is)4.371 F .165
(restarted from scratch, not continued.)148 333.24 R .165
(Breakpoints should ha)5.165 F .465 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .165(een set if an)
.15 F 2.665(yw)-.15 G .165(ere desired.)-2.665 F(The)5.165 E .19
(program will stop if an)148 344.24 R 2.69(ys)-.15 G .19
(ignal is generated, such as ille)-2.69 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.69(li).05 G
.19(nstruction \(including simulated float-)-2.69 F .107(ing point\), b)
148 355.24 R .107(us error)-.2 F 2.607(,o)-.4 G 2.607(ri)-2.607 G .108(\
nterrupt \(see signal\(II\)\); it will also stop when a breakpoint occu\
rs and in)-2.607 F(an)148 366.24 Q 2.772(yc)-.15 G .272
(ase announce the reason.)-2.772 F .272
(Then a stack trace can be printed, named locations e)5.272 F .272
(xamined, etc.)-.15 F F2(c)128 382.28 Q F0 1.021
(Continue after a breakpoint.)15.56 F 1.021(It is possible b)6.021 F
1.022(ut probably useless to continue after an error since)-.2 F
(there is no w)148 393.28 Q(ay to repair the cause of the error)-.1 E(.)
-.55 E/F3 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 416.52 Q F0
(cc \(I\), db \(I\), C Reference Manual)108 427.52 Q F3 -.08(BU)72
445.72 S(GS).08 E F0 .202(Use caution in belie)108 456.72 R .202(ving v)
-.25 F .202(alues of re)-.25 F .202(gister v)-.15 F .202
(ariables at the lo)-.25 F .202(west le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .202
(ls of the call stack; the v).15 F .202(alue of a re)-.25 F(g-)-.15 E
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(as supposed to ha)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een sa).15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.5(db).15 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G(he callee.)-2.5 E .18
(Some things are still needed to mak)108 483.76 R(e)-.1 E F1(cdb)2.681 E
F0 .181(uniformly better than)2.681 F F1(db:)2.681 E F0 .181
(non-C symbols, patching f)2.681 F .181(iles, patching)-.2 F .138
(core images of programs being run.)108 494.76 R .138(It w)5.138 F .137
(ould be desirable to ha)-.1 F .437 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .137(he types of v)
.15 F .137(ariables around to mak)-.25 F 2.637(et)-.1 G(he)-2.637 E
(correct style printout more automatic.)108 505.76 Q
(Structure members should be a)5 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable.).25 E
(Naturally)108 521.8 Q 2.761(,t)-.65 G .261
(here are all sorts of neat features not handled, lik)-2.761 F 2.762(ec)
-.1 G .262(onditional breakpoints, optional stopping on)-2.762 F
(certain signals \(lik)108 532.8 Q 2.5(ei)-.1 G(lle)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15
G 2.5(li).05 G(nstructions, to allo)-2.5 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G
(reakpointing of simulated floating-point programs\).)-2.5 E 2.5(-1)
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108 203.6 Q(.)-.55 E F0 .213(Because a ne)108 219.64 R 2.714(wp)-.25 G
.214(rocess is created to e)-2.714 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .214
(cute each command,).15 F F4 -.15(ch)2.714 G(dir).15 E F0 -.1(wo)2.714 G
.214(uld be inef).1 F(fecti)-.25 E .514 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.714(fi).15 G
2.714(tw)-2.714 G .214(ere written as)-2.714 F 2.5(an)108 230.64 S
(ormal command.)-2.5 E(It is therefore recognized and e)5 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuted by the Shell.).15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 248.84 Q F0
(sh \(I\), pwd \(I\))108 259.84 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 278.04 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5
(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CHMOD \( I \))72 58 R 166.512
(2/8/75 CHMOD)169.012 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(chmod)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(change mode)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(chmod)
108 163.4 Q F0(octal f)2.5 E(ile ...)-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0
.127(The octal mode replaces the mode of each of the f)108 192.6 R 2.627
(iles. The)-.2 F .127(mode is constructed from the OR of the follo)2.627
F(w-)-.25 E(ing modes:)108 203.6 Q 12.5(4000 set)123 219.64 R
(user ID on e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E 12.5(2000 set)123 230.64
R(group ID on e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E 12.5(1000 stick)123
241.64 R 2.5(yb)-.15 G
(it for shared, pure-procedure programs \(see belo)-2.5 E(w\))-.25 E
12.5(0400 read)123 252.64 R(by o)2.5 E(wner)-.25 E 12.5(0200 write)123
263.64 R(by o)2.5 E(wner)-.25 E 12.5(0100 e)123 274.64 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cute \(search in directory\) by o).15 E(wner)-.25 E 12.5(0070 read,)123
285.64 R(write, e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute \(search\) by group).15 E
12.5(0007 read,)123 296.64 R(write, e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cute \(search\) by others).15 E(Only the o)108 312.68 Q(wner of a f)
-.25 E(ile \(or the super)-.2 E(-user\) may change its mode.)-.2 E .162
(If an e)108 328.72 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .162(cutable f).15 F .163
(ile is set up for sharing \(`)-.2 F(`)-.74 E F2(-)A F0(n')A 2.663('o)
-.74 G .163(ption of)-2.663 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .163(ld \(I\))
2.663 F F0 .163(\), then mode 1000 pre)2.663 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .163
(nts the system from).15 F 1.613(abandoning the sw)108 339.72 R 1.613
(ap-space image of the program-te)-.1 F 1.613(xt portion of the f)-.15 F
1.612(ile when its last user terminates.)-.2 F .085(Thus when the ne)108
350.72 R .085(xt user of the f)-.15 F .085(ile e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.085(cutes it, the te).15 F .086(xt need not be read from the f)-.15 F
.086(ile system b)-.2 F .086(ut can simply)-.2 F .842(be sw)108 361.72 R
.841(apped in, sa)-.1 F .841(ving time.)-.2 F .841
(Ability to set this bit is restricted to the super)5.841 F .841
(-user since sw)-.2 F .841(ap space is con-)-.1 F
(sumed by the images; it is only w)108 372.72 Q(orth while for hea)-.1 E
(vily used commands.)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 395.96 Q F0
(ls \(I\), chmod \(II\))108 406.96 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 425.16 S(GS).08 E F0
2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CMP \( I \))72 58 R 180.112
(5/15/74 CMP)182.612 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(cmp)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(compare tw)2.5 E 2.5(of)-.1 G(iles)-2.7 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(cmp)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(l)A F0 2.5(][)
2.5 G F2(-)A F3(s)A F0 2.5(]f)2.5 G(ile1 f)-2.7 E(ile2)-.2 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 .405(The tw)108 192.6 R 2.905(of)-.1 G .405
(iles are compared.)-3.105 F(\(If)5.405 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2
(fi)2.905 G(le1).2 E F0 .405(is `)2.905 F F2(-)A F0 .405
(', the standard input is used.\))B .405(Under def)5.405 F .405
(ault options,)-.1 F F4(cmp)2.905 E F0(mak)2.905 E(es)-.1 E .306
(no comment if the f)108 203.6 R .305(iles are the same; if the)-.2 F
2.805(yd)-.15 G(if)-2.805 E(fer)-.25 E 2.805(,i)-.4 G 2.805(ta)-2.805 G
.305(nnounces the byte and line number at which the dif-)-2.805 F .133
(ference occurred.)108 214.6 R .134(If one f)5.133 F .134
(ile is an initial subsequence of the other)-.2 F 2.634(,t)-.4 G .134
(hat f)-2.634 F .134(act is noted.)-.1 F(Moreo)5.134 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
.934 -.4(r, r).15 H .134(eturn code).4 F 2.5(0i)108 225.6 S 2.5(sy)-2.5
G(ielded for identical f)-2.5 E(iles, 1 for dif)-.2 E(ferent f)-.25 E
(iles, and 2 for an inaccessible or missing ar)-.2 E(gument.)-.18 E
(Options:)108 241.64 Q F2(-)123 257.68 Q F3(l)A F0
(Print the byte number \(decimal\) and the dif)6.73 E
(fering bytes \(octal\) for each dif)-.25 E(ference.)-.25 E F2(-)123
273.72 Q F3(s)A F0(Print nothing for dif)5.62 E(fering f)-.25 E
(iles; return codes only)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 291.92 Q F0(dif)
108 302.92 Q 2.5(f\()-.25 G(I\), comm \(I\))-2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72 321.12
S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(COMM \( I \))72 58 R 169.562
(5/15/74 COMM)172.062 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(comm)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(print lines common to tw)2.5 E 2.5(of)-.1 G(iles)-2.7 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(comm)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F0
([)2.5 E F3(123)2.5 E F0 2.5(]]f)2.5 G(ile1 f)-2.7 E(ile2)-.2 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Comm)108 192.6 Q F0
(reads)2.537 E F4 -.2(fi)2.537 G(le1).2 E F0(and)2.537 E F4 -.2(fi)2.537
G(le2,).2 E F0 .036(which should be in sort, and produces a three colum\
n output: lines only in)2.537 F F4 -.2(fi)2.536 G(le1;).2 E F0
(lines only in)108 203.6 Q F4 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le2;).2 E F0
(and lines in both f)2.5 E 2.5(iles. The)-.2 F -.2(fi)2.5 G(lename `).2
E F2(-)A F0 2.5('m)C(eans the standard input.)-2.5 E .24
(Flags 1, 2, or 3 suppress printing of the corresponding column.)108
219.64 R(Thus)5.24 E F3(comm)2.74 E F2(-)2.74 E F3(12)A F0 .24
(prints only the lines com-)2.74 F .218(mon to the tw)108 230.64 R 2.718
(of)-.1 G(iles;)-2.918 E F3(comm)2.718 E F2(-)2.718 E F3(23)A F0 .217
(prints only lines in the f)2.718 F .217(irst f)-.2 F .217(ile b)-.2 F
.217(ut not in the second;)-.2 F F3(comm)2.717 E F2(-)2.717 E F3(123)A
F0 .217(is a no-)2.717 F(op.)108 241.64 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 264.88 Q F0
(cmp \(I\), dif)108 275.88 Q 2.5(f\()-.25 G(I\))-2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72
294.08 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CP \( I \))72 58 R 191.502
(2/8/75 CP)194.002 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72
123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(cp)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(cop)2.5 E
(y)-.1 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cp)108 163.4 Q F0
-.2(fi)2.5 G(le1 f).2 E(ile2)-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 .044
(The f)108 192.6 R .044(irst f)-.2 F .044
(ile is copied onto the second.)-.2 F .045(The mode and o)5.045 F .045
(wner of the tar)-.25 F .045(get f)-.18 F .045(ile are preserv)-.2 F
.045(ed if it already e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
(isted; the mode of the source f)108 203.6 Q(ile is used otherwise.)-.2
E(If)108 219.64 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(fi)2.5 G(le2).2 E F0
(is a directory)2.5 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(hen the tar)-2.5 E(get f)-.18 E
(ile is a f)-.2 E(ile in that directory with the f)-.2 E(ile-name of)-.2
E F4 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le1.).2 E F0(It is forbidden to cop)108 235.68 Q 2.5
(yaf)-.1 G(ile onto itself.)-2.7 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 253.88 Q F0
(cat \(I\), pr \(I\), mv \(I\))108 264.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 283.08 S(GS)
.08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CREF \( I \))72 58 R 178.722
(2/5/73 CREF)181.222 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(cref)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(mak)5 E
2.5(ec)-.1 G(ross reference listing)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(cr)108 163.4 Q(ef)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3
(acilostux123)A F0 2.5(]n)2.5 G(ame ...)-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q
/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Cr)108 192.6 Q(ef)-.37 E F0(mak)3.462 E .962
(es a cross reference listing of program f)-.1 F .962
(iles in assembler or C format. The f)-.2 F .961(iles named as ar)-.2 F
(gu-)-.18 E(ments in the command line are searched for symbols in the a\
ppropriate syntax.)108 203.6 Q(The output report is in four columns:)108
219.64 Q 21.84(\(1\) \(2\) \(3\) \(4\))108 235.68 R 4.05(symbol f)108
246.68 R 20.37(ile see)-.2 F(te)23.23 E(xt as it appears in f)-.15 E
(ile)-.2 E(belo)180 257.68 Q(w)-.25 E F4(Cr)108 273.72 Q(ef)-.37 E F0
.443(uses either an)2.943 F F4(ignor)2.943 E(e)-.37 E F0 -.2(fi)2.943 G
.443(le or an).2 F F4(only)2.943 E F0 -.2(fi)2.943 G 2.943(le. If).2 F
(the)2.943 E F2(-)2.943 E F3(i)A F0 .444(option is gi)2.944 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .444(n, the ne).15 F .444(xt ar)-.15 F .444(gument is tak)-.18 F
.444(en to be an)-.1 F F4(ignor)108 284.72 Q(e)-.37 E F0 -.2(fi)2.759 G
.259(le; if the).2 F F2(-)2.759 E F3(o)A F0 .258(option is gi)2.758 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .258(n, the ne).15 F .258(xt ar)-.15 F .258
(gument is tak)-.18 F .258(en to be an)-.1 F F4(only)2.758 E F0 -.2(fi)
2.758 G(le.).2 E F4(Ignor)5.258 E(e)-.37 E F0(and)2.758 E F4(only)2.758
E F0 -.2(fi)2.758 G .258(les are).2 F .171
(lists of symbols separated by ne)108 295.72 R 2.671(wl)-.25 G 2.671
(ines. All)-2.671 F .171(symbols in an)2.671 F F4(ignor)2.671 E(e)-.37 E
F0 -.2(fi)2.671 G .171(le are ignored in columns \(1\) and \(3\) of).2 F
.033(the output.)108 306.72 R .033(If an)5.033 F F4(only)2.533 E F0 -.2
(fi)2.532 G .032(le is gi).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .032
(n, only symbols in that f).15 F .032(ile appear in column \(1\).)-.2 F
.032(At most one of)5.032 F F2(-)2.532 E F3(i)A F0(and)2.532 E F2(-)
2.532 E F3(o)A F0(may be used.)108 317.72 Q(The def)5 E(ault setting is)
-.1 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(i.)A F0(Assembler predef)5 E(ined symbols or C k)-.2
E -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds are ignored.).1 E(The)108 333.76 Q F2
(-)3.392 E F3(s)A F0 .892
(option causes current symbols to be put in column 3.)3.392 F .892
(In the assembler)5.892 F 3.392(,t)-.4 G .892(he current symbol is the)
-3.392 F .04(most recent name symbol; in C, the current function name.)
108 344.76 R(The)5.04 E F2(-)2.54 E F3(l)A F0 .04
(option causes the line number within the)2.54 F -.2(fi)108 355.76 S
(le to be put in column 3.).2 E(The)108 371.8 Q F2(-)2.828 E F3(t)A F0
.328(option causes the ne)2.828 F .328(xt a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .328
(ilable ar).25 F .329
(gument to be used as the name of the intermediate temporary f)-.18 F
(ile)-.2 E(\(instead of /tmp/crt??\).)108 382.8 Q(The f)5 E
(ile is created and is not remo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5
(tt)-2.5 G(he end of the process.)-2.5 E(Options:)108 398.84 Q F3(a)118
414.88 Q F0(assembler format \(def)10 E(ault\))-.1 E F3(c)118 425.88 Q
F0 2.5(Cf)10.56 G(ormat input)-2.5 E F3(i)118 436.88 Q F0(use)12.22 E F4
(ignor)2.5 E(e)-.37 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le \(see abo).2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(\)).15 E F3(l)118 447.88 Q F0
(put line number in col. 3 \(instead of current symbol\))12.22 E F3(o)
118 458.88 Q F0(use)10 E F4(only)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le \(see abo).2 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E F3(s)118 469.88 Q F0
(current symbol in col. 3 \(def)11.11 E(ault\))-.1 E F3(t)118 480.88 Q
F0(user supplied temporary f)11.67 E(ile)-.2 E F3(u)118 491.88 Q F0
(print only symbols that occur e)9.44 E(xactly once)-.15 E F3(x)118
502.88 Q F0(print only C e)10 E(xternal symbols)-.15 E F3(1)118 513.88 Q
F0(sort output on column 1 \(def)10 E(ault\))-.1 E F3(2)118 524.88 Q F0
(sort output on column 2)10 E F3(3)118 535.88 Q F0
(sort output on column 3)10 E F1(FILES)72 559.12 Q F0 28.95
(/tmp/crt?? temporaries)108 570.12 R 21.16(/usr/lib/aign def)108 581.12
R(ault assembler)-.1 E F4(ignor)2.5 E(e)-.37 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E
21.16(/usr/lib/cign def)108 592.12 R(ault C)-.1 E F4(ignor)2.5 E(e)-.37
E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E 11.72(/usr/bin/crpost post)108 603.12 R
(processor)2.5 E 14.49(/usr/bin/upost post)108 614.12 R(processor for)
2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(u)A F0(option)2.5 E .16(/bin/sort used)108 625.12 R
(to sort temporaries)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 648.36 Q F0
(as \(I\), cc \(I\))108 659.36 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 677.56 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5
(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.4(DA)72 58 S -.834(TE \( I \))-.71 F
176.082(11/1/74 D)178.582 F -1.11(AT)-.4 G 1.666(E\(I\))1.11 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(date)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(print and set the date)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4
Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(date)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(s)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][m)2.5 G(mddhhmm[yy] ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 .663
(If no ar)108 192.6 R .663(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .663
(n, the current date and time are printed.).15 F .662(If an ar)5.662 F
.662(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .662(n, the current date is).15
F 2.752(set. The)108 203.6 R -.2(fi)2.752 G(rst).2 E/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(mm)2.752 E F0 .252(is the month number;)2.752 F F4
(dd)2.753 E F0 .253(is the day number in the month;)2.753 F F4(hh)2.753
E F0 .253(is the hour number \(24 hour)2.753 F .065
(system\); the second)108 214.6 R F4(mm)2.565 E F0 .065
(is the minute number;)2.565 F F4(yy)2.564 E F0 .064
(is the last 2 digits of the year number and is optional.)2.564 F -.15
(Fo)5.064 G(r).15 E -.15(ex)108 225.6 S(ample:).15 E F3(date 10080045)
123 241.64 Q F0 .139(sets the date to Oct 8, 12:45 AM.)108 257.68 R .14
(The current year is the def)5.139 F .14(ault if no year is mentioned.)
-.1 F .14(The system oper)5.14 F(-)-.2 E(ates in GMT)108 268.68 Q(.)-.74
E F4(Date)5 E F0(tak)2.5 E(es care of the con)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rsion to and from local standard and daylight time.).15 E .369
(If the ar)108 284.72 R .369(gument is `)-.18 F(`s,)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G
F4(date)3.609 E F0 .369(calls the netw)2.869 F .369(ork f)-.1 F .368
(ile store via the TIU interf)-.2 F .368
(ace \(if present\) and sets the clock)-.1 F
(to the time thereby obtained.)108 295.72 Q F1(DIA)72 313.92 Q(GNOSTICS)
-.44 E F0 -.74(``)108 324.92 S .456(No permission').74 F 2.956('i)-.74 G
2.956(fy)-2.956 G .456(ou aren')-2.956 F 2.956(tt)-.18 G .456(he super)
-2.956 F .457(-user and you try to change the date; `)-.2 F .457
(`bad con)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion').15 E 2.957('i)-.74 G 2.957(ft)
-2.957 G .457(he date)-2.957 F(set is syntactically incorrect.)108
335.92 Q F1(FILES)72 354.12 Q F0(/de)108 365.12 Q(v/tiu/d0)-.25 E F1
-.08(BU)72 383.32 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DB \( I \))72 58 R 187.342
(8/20/73 DB)189.842 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(db)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(deb)2.5
E(ug)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(db)108 163.4 Q
F0 2.5([c)2.5 G(ore [ namelist ] ] [)-2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0(Unlik)108 192.6 Q 3.084(em)-.1 G(an)-3.084 E
3.084(yd)-.15 G(eb)-3.084 E .584(ugging packages \(including DEC')-.2 F
3.084(sO)-.55 G(DT)-3.084 E 3.084(,o)-.74 G 3.084(nw)-3.084 G(hich)
-3.084 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(db)3.084 E F0 .584(is loosely based\),)
3.084 F F4(db)3.083 E F0 .583(is not loaded)3.083 F .015
(as part of the core image which it is used to e)108 203.6 R .015
(xamine; instead it e)-.15 F .015(xamines f)-.15 F 2.515(iles. T)-.2 F
(ypically)-.8 E 2.516(,t)-.65 G .016(he f)-2.516 F .016(ile will be ei-)
-.2 F .944(ther a core image produced after a f)108 214.6 R .943
(ault or the binary output of the assembler)-.1 F(.)-.55 E F4(Cor)5.943
E(e)-.37 E F0 .943(is the f)3.443 F .943(ile being de-)-.2 F -.2(bu)108
225.6 S .37(gged; if omitted).2 F F3(cor)2.87 E(e)-.18 E F0 .37
(is assumed.)2.87 F F4(Namelist)5.37 E F0 .37(is a f)2.87 F .371
(ile containing a symbol table.)-.2 F .371(If it is omitted, the sym-)
5.371 F .729(bol table is obtained from the f)108 236.6 R .729
(ile being deb)-.2 F .729(ugged, or if not there from)-.2 F F3(a.out.)
3.229 E F0 .729(If no appropriate name list)5.729 F -.2(fi)108 247.6 S
(le can be found,).2 E F4(db)2.5 E F0(can still be used b)2.5 E
(ut some of its symbolic f)-.2 E(acilities become una)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2
G(ilable.).25 E -.15(Fo)108 263.64 S 2.5(rt).15 G
(he meaning of the optional third ar)-2.5 E
(gument, see the last paragraph belo)-.18 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .948
(The format for most)108 279.68 R F4(db)3.448 E F0 .948
(requests is an address follo)3.448 F .948
(wed by a one character command.)-.25 F .949(Addresses are e)5.949 F(x-)
-.15 E(pressions b)108 290.68 Q(uilt up as follo)-.2 E(ws:)-.25 E 5
(1. A)113 306.72 R .708(name has the v)3.208 F .708
(alue assigned to it when the input f)-.25 F .708(ile w)-.2 F .708
(as assembled.)-.1 F .708(It may be relocatable or not)5.708 F
(depending on the use of the name during the assembly)128 317.72 Q(.)
-.65 E 5(2. An)113 333.76 R
(octal number is an absolute quantity with the appropriate v)2.5 E
(alue.)-.25 E 5(3. A)113 349.8 R(decimal number immediately follo)2.5 E
(wed by `)-.25 E F3(.)A F0 2.5('i)C 2.5(sa)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G
(bsolute quantity with the appropriate v)-2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 5(4. An)113
365.84 R(octal number immediately follo)2.5 E(wed by)-.25 E F3(r)2.5 E
F0(is a relocatable quantity with the appropriate v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 5
(5. The)113 381.88 R(symbol)2.5 E F3(.)2.5 E F0
(indicates the current pointer of)2.5 E F4(db)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C
(he current pointer is set by man)-5 E(y)-.15 E F4(db)2.5 E F0
(requests.)2.5 E 5(6. A)113 397.92 R F3(*)2.682 E F0 .182(before an e)
2.682 F .183(xpression forms an e)-.15 F .183(xpression whose v)-.15 F
.183(alue is the number in the w)-.25 F .183(ord addressed by the)-.1 F
-.2(fi)128 408.92 S(rst e).2 E 2.5(xpression. A)-.15 F F3(*)2.5 E F0
(alone is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `).25 E F3(*.)A F0('.)A 5
(7. Expressions)113 424.96 R .753(separated by)3.253 F F3(+)3.253 E F0
.753(or blank are e)3.253 F .753(xpressions with v)-.15 F .752
(alue equal to the sum of the components.)-.25 F
(At most one of the components may be relocatable.)128 435.96 Q 5
(8. Expressions)113 452 R .63(separated by)3.13 F F2(-)3.13 E F0 .63
(form an e)3.13 F .631(xpression with v)-.15 F .631
(alue equal to the dif)-.25 F .631(ference to the components.)-.25 F(If\
 the right component is relocatable, the left component must be relocat\
able.)128 463 Q 5(9. Expressions)113 479.04 R(are e)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(luated left to right.).25 E(Names for re)108 495.08 Q(gisters are b)
-.15 E(uilt in:)-.2 E F3(r0 ... r5)115.5 511.12 Q(sp)115.5 522.12 Q(pc)
115.5 533.12 Q(fr0 ... fr5)115.5 544.12 Q F0 1.37(These may be e)108
560.16 R 3.87(xamined. Their)-.15 F -.25(va)3.87 G 1.369
(lues are deduced from the contents of the stack in a core image f).25 F
(ile.)-.2 E(The)108 571.16 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re meaningless in a f)-2.5 E
(ile that is not a core image.)-.2 E .772(If no address is gi)108 587.2
R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.273(nf).15 G .773
(or a command, the current address \(also specif)-3.273 F .773(ied by `)
-.2 F(`)-.74 E F3(.)A F0 -.74('')C 3.273(\)i).74 G 3.273(sa)-3.273 G
3.273(ssumed. In)-3.273 F(general,)3.273 E -.74(``)108 598.2 S F3(.).74
E F0 3.98 -.74('' p)D(oints to the last w).74 E(ord or byte printed by)
-.1 E F4(db)2.5 E(.)-.4 E F0 .209(There are)108 614.24 R F4(db)2.709 E
F0 .209(commands for e)2.709 F .208(xamining locations interpreted as n\
umbers, machine instructions, ASCII char)-.15 F(-)-.2 E .276
(acters, and addresses.)108 625.24 R -.15(Fo)5.276 G 2.776(rn).15 G .276
(umbers and characters, either bytes or w)-2.776 F .276(ords may be e)
-.1 F 2.776(xamined. The)-.15 F(follo)2.776 E(wing)-.25 E
(commands are used to e)108 636.24 Q(xamine the specif)-.15 E(ied f)-.2
E(ile.)-.2 E 12.22(/T)113 652.28 S(he addressed w)-12.22 E
(ord is printed in octal.)-.1 E 12.22(\\T)113 668.32 S
(he addressed byte is printed in octal.)-12.22 E 10.92("T)113 684.36 S
(he addressed w)-10.92 E(ord is printed as tw)-.1 E 2.5(oA)-.1 G
(SCII characters.)-2.5 E 11.67<b454>113 700.4 S
(he addressed byte is printed as an ASCII character)-11.67 E(.)-.55 E
2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DB \( I \))72 58 R 187.342
(8/20/73 DB)189.842 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G 11.67<9254>113 105 S
(he addressed w)-11.67 E(ord is printed in decimal.)-.1 E 10.56(?T)113
121.04 S .327(he addressed w)-10.56 F .326(ord is interpreted as a mach\
ine instruction and a symbolic form of the instruction, in-)-.1 F 1.011
(cluding symbolic addresses, is printed.)128 132.04 R 1.012
(Often, the result will appear e)6.012 F 1.012(xactly as it w)-.15 F
1.012(as written in the)-.1 F(source program.)128 143.04 Q 7.22(&T)113
159.08 S 1.353(he addressed w)-7.22 F 1.353(ord is interpreted as a sym\
bolic address and is printed as the name of the symbol)-.1 F(whose v)128
170.08 Q(alue is closest to the addressed w)-.25 E(ord, possibly follo)
-.1 E(wed by a signed of)-.25 E(fset.)-.25 E .434
(<nl>\(i. e., the character `)113 186.12 R(`ne)-.74 E 2.934(wl)-.25 G
(ine')-2.934 E 2.935('\) This)-.74 F .435(command adv)2.935 F .435
(ances the current location counter `)-.25 F(`)-.74 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(.)A F0 1.915 -.74('' a)D .435(nd prints).74 F
(the resulting location in the mode last specif)128 197.12 Q
(ied by one of the abo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve r)-.15 H(equests.).15 E 11.67
(^T)113 213.16 S 1.109(his character decrements `)-11.67 F(`)-.74 E F1
(.)A F0 2.588 -.74('' a)D 1.108
(nd prints the resulting location in the mode last selected one of the)
.74 F(abo)128 224.16 Q .3 -.15(ve r)-.15 H 2.5(equests. It).15 F
(is a con)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rse to <nl>.).15 E 6.67(%E)113 240.2 S
(xit.)-6.67 E .345(Odd addresses to w)108 256.24 R .345
(ord-oriented commands are rounded do)-.1 F 2.845(wn. The)-.25 F .346
(incrementing and decrementing of `)2.846 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C
.112(done by the)108 267.24 R F1(<nl>)2.612 E F0(and)2.612 E F1(^)2.612
E F0 .112(requests is by one or tw)2.612 F 2.612(od)-.1 G .112
(epending on whether the last command w)-2.612 F .112(as w)-.1 F .111
(ord or byte)-.1 F(oriented.)108 278.24 Q .724
(The address portion of an)108 294.28 R 3.224(yo)-.15 G 3.225(ft)-3.224
G .725(he abo)-3.225 F 1.025 -.15(ve c)-.15 H .725(ommands may be follo)
.15 F .725(wed by a comma and then by an e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.506
(sion. In)108 305.28 R .006(this case that number of sequential w)2.506
F .006(ords or bytes specif)-.1 F .006(ied by the e)-.2 F .006
(xpression is printed.)-.15 F -.74(``)5.005 G F1(.).74 E F0 1.485 -.74
('' i)D 2.505(sa).74 G(d-)-2.505 E -.25(va)108 316.28 S
(nced so that it points at the last thing printed.).25 E(There are tw)
108 332.32 Q 2.5(oc)-.1 G(ommands to interpret the v)-2.5 E(alue of e)
-.25 E(xpressions.)-.15 E 9.36(=W)113 348.36 S .253
(hen preceded by an e)-9.36 F .253(xpression, the v)-.15 F .253
(alue of the e)-.25 F .254(xpression is typed in octal.)-.15 F .254
(When not preceded by)5.254 F(an e)128 359.36 Q(xpression, the v)-.15 E
(alue of `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 1.48 -.74('' i)D 2.5(si).74 G 2.5
(ndicated. This)-2.5 F(command does not change the v)2.5 E(alue of `)
-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C(.).74 E 12.22(:A)113 375.4 S 3.235
(na)-12.22 G .734(ttempt is made to print the gi)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.234(ne).15 G .734(xpression as a symbolic address.)-3.384 F .734
(If the e)5.734 F .734(xpression is relocat-)-.15 F .49
(able, that symbol is found whose v)128 386.4 R .491
(alue is nearest that of the e)-.25 F .491
(xpression, and the symbol is typed, fol-)-.15 F(lo)128 397.4 Q .798
(wed by a sign and the appropriate of)-.25 F 3.297(fset. If)-.25 F .797
(the v)3.297 F .797(alue of the e)-.25 F .797
(xpression is absolute, a symbol with)-.15 F -.15(ex)128 408.4 S .128
(actly the indicated v).15 F .129
(alue is sought and printed if found; if no matching symbol is disco)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .129(red, the oc-).15 F(tal v)128 419.4 Q
(alue of the e)-.25 E(xpression is gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n.).15 E
(The follo)108 435.44 Q(wing command may be used to patch the f)-.25 E
(ile being deb)-.2 E(ugged.)-.2 E 11.67(!T)113 451.48 S .563
(his command must be preceded by an e)-11.67 F 3.063(xpression. The)-.15
F -.25(va)3.063 G .563(lue of the e).25 F .563
(xpression is stored at the loca-)-.15 F .156
(tion addressed by the current v)128 462.48 R .157(alue of `)-.25 F(`)
-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.157(.T).74 G .157
(he opcodes do not appear in the symbol table, so the user)-5.157 F
(must assemble them by hand.)128 473.48 Q(The follo)108 489.52 Q
(wing command is used after a f)-.25 E(ault has caused a core image f)
-.1 E(ile to be produced.)-.2 E 10($c)113 505.56 S .579(auses the f)-10
F .579(ault type and the contents of the general re)-.1 F .579
(gisters and se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .579(ral other re).15 F .578
(gisters to be printed)-.15 F(both in octal and symbolic format.)128
516.56 Q(The v)5 E(alues are as the)-.25 E 2.5(yw)-.15 G
(ere at the time of the f)-2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 532.6 S 3.278
(rs).15 G .779(ome purposes, it is important to kno)-3.278 F 3.279(wh)
-.25 G 1.279 -.25(ow a)-3.279 H .779
(ddresses typed by the user correspond with locations in).25 F .203
(the f)108 543.6 R .203(ile being deb)-.2 F 2.703(ugged. The)-.2 F .203
(mapping algorithm emplo)2.703 F .202(yed by)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(db)2.702 E F0 .202(is non-tri)2.702 F .202(vial for tw)-.25 F 2.702
(or)-.1 G .202(easons: First, in an)-2.702 F F1(a.out)108 554.6 Q F0 -.2
(fi)2.653 G .153
(le, there is a 20\(8\) byte header which will not appear when the f).2
F .154(ile is loaded into core for e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E
.559(Therefore, apparent location 0 should correspond with actual f)108
565.6 R .559(ile of)-.2 F .559(fset 20.)-.25 F .558
(Second, addresses in core im-)5.558 F .711(ages do not correspond with\
 the addresses used by the program because in a core image there is a h\
eader)108 576.6 R .508(containing the system')108 587.6 R 3.008(sp)-.55
G(er)-3.008 E .507(-process data for the dumped process, and also becau\
se the stack is stored con-)-.2 F 1.171(tiguously with the te)108 598.6
R 1.172(xt and data part of the core image rather than at the highest p\
ossible locations.)-.15 F F2(Db)6.172 E F0(obe)108 609.6 Q(ys the follo)
-.15 E(wing rules:)-.25 E .498(If e)108 625.64 R .498(xactly one ar)-.15
F .498(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .498
(n, and if it appears to be an).15 F F1(a.out)2.997 E F0 -.2(fi)2.997 G
.497(le, the 20-byte header is skipped during).2 F .599
(addressing, i.e., 20 is added to all addresses typed.)108 636.64 R .599
(As a consequence, the header can be e)5.599 F .599(xamined be)-.15 F
(gin-)-.15 E(ning at location)108 647.64 Q/F3 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(20.)A(If e)108 663.68 Q(xactly one ar)-.15 E(gument is gi)-.18 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G(nd if the f)-2.5 E(ile does not appear to be an)
-.2 E F1(a.out)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le, no mapping is done.).2 E .433
(If zero or tw)108 679.72 R 2.933(oa)-.1 G -.18(rg)-2.933 G .433
(uments are gi).18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .433
(n, the mapping appropriate to a core image f).15 F .432(ile is emplo)
-.2 F 2.932(yed. This)-.1 F(means)2.932 E 1.03(that locations abo)108
690.72 R 1.33 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.03(he program break and belo).15 F 3.53
(wt)-.25 G 1.03(he stack ef)-3.53 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.03
(ly do not e).15 F 1.03(xist \(and are not, in f)-.15 F(act,)-.1 E .495
(recorded in the core f)108 701.72 R 2.995(ile\). Locations)-.2 F(abo)
2.995 E .795 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .495(he user').15 F 2.995(ss)-.55 G .495
(tack pointer are mapped, in looking at the core f)-2.995 F(ile,)-.2 E
.747(to the place where the)108 712.72 R 3.248(ya)-.15 G .748
(re really stored.)-3.248 F .748(The per)5.748 F .748(-process data k)
-.2 F .748(ept by the system, which is stored in the)-.1 F -.2(fi)108
723.72 S(rst part of the core f).2 E(ile, cannot currently be e)-.2 E
(xamined \(e)-.15 E(xcept by)-.15 E F1($)2.5 E F0(\).)A 2.5(-2)295.17
770.72 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DB \( I \))72 58 R 187.342
(8/20/73 DB)189.842 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G .369(If one w)108 105 R .369
(ants to e)-.1 F .369(xamine a f)-.15 F .369
(ile which has an associated name list, b)-.2 F .368
(ut is not a core image f)-.2 F .368(ile, the last ar)-.2 F(gu-)-.18 E
.434(ment `)108 116 R(`)-.74 E/F1 10/Symbol SF(-)A F0 1.914 -.74('' c)D
.434(an be used \(actually the only purpose of the last ar).74 F .434
(gument is to mak)-.18 F 2.935(et)-.1 G .435(he number of ar)-2.935 F
(guments)-.18 E(not equal to tw)108 127 Q 2.5(o\). This)-.1 F
(feature is used most frequently in e)2.5 E(xamining the memory f)-.15 E
(ile /de)-.2 E(v/mem.)-.25 E/F2 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 145.2 Q F0
(as \(I\), core \(V\), a.out \(V\), od \(I\))108 156.2 Q F2(DIA)72 174.4
Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 -.74(``)108 185.4 S(File not found').74 E 2.5('i)
-.74 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he f)-2.5 E(irst ar)-.2 E
(gument cannot be read; otherwise `)-.18 E(`)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(?)A F0 -.74('')C(.).74 E F2 -.08(BU)72 203.6 S(GS).08 E F0 .675
(There should be some w)108 214.6 R .675(ay to e)-.1 F .675
(xamine the re)-.15 F .675(gisters and other per)-.15 F .675
(-process data in a core image; also there)-.2 F .413(should be some w)
108 225.6 R .413(ay of specifying double-precision addresses.)-.1 F .413
(It does not kno)5.413 F 2.913(wy)-.25 G .413(et about shared te)-2.913
F .414(xt se)-.15 F(g-)-.15 E(ments.)108 236.6 Q 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5
(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DC \( I \))72 58 R 189.842
(2/8/75 DC)192.342 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72
123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(dc)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(desk calculator)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dc)
108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([f)2.5 G(ile ])-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Dc)108 192.6 Q F0 1.126
(is an arbitrary precision arithmetic package.)3.626 F 1.125
(Ordinarily it operates on decimal inte)6.125 F 1.125(gers, b)-.15 F
1.125(ut one may)-.2 F .09(specify an input base, output base, and a nu\
mber of fractional digits to be maintained.)108 203.6 R .091(The o)5.091
F -.15(ve)-.15 G .091(rall structure).15 F(of)108 214.6 Q F4(dc)2.847 E
F0 .347(is a stacking \(re)2.847 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .347
(rse Polish\) calculator).15 F 5.347(.I)-.55 G 2.847(fa)-5.347 G 2.847
(na)-2.847 G -.18(rg)-2.847 G .347(ument is gi).18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .347
(n, input is tak).15 F .347(en from that f)-.1 F .347(ile until its)-.2
F(end, then from the standard input.)108 225.6 Q(The follo)5 E
(wing constructions are recognized:)-.25 E(number)108 241.64 Q .564
(The v)138 252.64 R .564(alue of the number is pushed on the stack.)-.25
F 3.065(An)5.565 G .565(umber is an unbrok)-3.065 F .565
(en string of the digits 0-9.)-.1 F .4 LW 296.519 266.14 291.519 266.14
DL .55(It may be preceded by an underscore)138 263.64 R .549
(to input a ne)11.098 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .849 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
(umber).15 E 5.549(.N)-.55 G .549(umbers may contain decimal)-5.549 F
(points.)138 274.64 Q 5(+\255*%^)108 290.68 S .999(The top tw)138 301.68
R 3.499(ov)-.1 G .999(alues on the stack are added \(+\), subtracted \()
-3.749 F F2(-)A F0 1(\), multiplied \(*\), di)B 1(vided \(/\), remain-)
-.25 F .037(dered \(%\), or e)138 312.68 R .036(xponentiated \(^\).)-.15
F .036(The tw)5.036 F 2.536(oe)-.1 G .036(ntries are popped of)-2.536 F
2.536(ft)-.25 G .036(he stack; the result is pushed on the)-2.536 F
(stack in their place.)138 323.68 Q(An)5 E 2.5(yf)-.15 G
(ractional part of an e)-2.5 E(xponent is ignored.)-.15 E F3(s)108
339.72 Q F4(x)A F0 .328
(The top of the stack is popped and stored into a re)21.67 F .329
(gister named)-.15 F F4(x,)2.829 E F0(where)2.829 E F4(x)2.829 E F0 .329
(may be an)2.829 F 2.829(yc)-.15 G(haracter)-2.829 E 5.329(.I)-.55 G(f)
-5.329 E(the)138 350.72 Q F3(s)2.5 E F0(is capitalized,)2.5 E F4(x)2.5 E
F0(is treated as a stack and the v)2.5 E(alue is pushed on it.)-.25 E F3
(l)108 366.76 Q F4(x)A F0 .512(The v)22.78 F .511(alue in re)-.25 F
(gister)-.15 E F4(x)3.011 E F0 .511(is pushed on the stack.)3.011 F .511
(The re)5.511 F(gister)-.15 E F4(x)3.011 E F0 .511(is not altered.)3.011
F .511(All re)5.511 F .511(gisters start with)-.15 F .288(zero v)138
377.76 R 2.788(alue. If)-.25 F(the)2.788 E F3(l)2.788 E F0 .288
(is capitalized, re)2.788 F(gister)-.15 E F4(x)2.788 E F0 .289
(is treated as a stack and its top v)2.788 F .289
(alue is popped onto the)-.25 F(main stack.)138 388.76 Q F3(d)108 404.8
Q F0(The top v)24.44 E(alue on the stack is duplicated.)-.25 E F3(p)108
420.84 Q F0(The top v)24.44 E(alue on the stack is printed.)-.25 E
(The top v)5 E(alue remains unchanged.)-.25 E F3(f)108 436.88 Q F0
(All v)26.67 E(alues on the stack and in re)-.25 E(gisters are printed.)
-.15 E F3(q)108 452.92 Q F0 -.15(ex)24.44 G .044(its the program.).15 F
.044(If e)5.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .044(cuting a string, the recursion le)
.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.544(li).15 G 2.544(sp)-2.544 G .044(opped by tw)
-2.544 F 2.544(o. If)-.1 F F3(q)2.544 E F0 .043(is capitalized, the)
2.544 F(top v)138 463.92 Q(alue on the stack is popped and the string e)
-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution le).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(li).15 G 2.5
(sp)-2.5 G(opped by that v)-2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E F3(x)108 479.96 Q F0
(treats the top element of the stack as a character string and e)25 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes it as a string of dc commands.).15 E F3 2.5([.)108
496 S(.. ])-2.5 E F0(puts the brack)10.84 E
(eted ascii string onto the top of the stack.)-.1 E F4 2.5(<x >x =x)108
512.04 R F0 .132(The top tw)138 523.04 R 2.632(oe)-.1 G .132
(lements of the stack are popped and compared.)-2.632 F(Re)5.132 E
(gister)-.15 E F4(x)2.632 E F0 .132(is e)2.632 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .133
(cuted if the).15 F 2.633(yo)-.15 G(be)-2.633 E 2.633(yt)-.15 G(he)
-2.633 E(stated relation.)138 534.04 Q F3(v)108 550.08 Q F0 .003
(replaces the top element on the stack by its square root.)25 F(An)5.003
E 2.503(ye)-.15 G .003(xisting fractional part of the ar)-2.653 F
(gument)-.18 E(is tak)138 561.08 Q(en into account, b)-.1 E
(ut otherwise the scale f)-.2 E(actor is ignored.)-.1 E F3(!)108 577.12
Q F0(interprets the rest of the line as a UNIX command.)26.67 E F3(c)108
593.16 Q F0(All v)25.56 E(alues on the stack are popped.)-.25 E F3(i)108
609.2 Q F0(The top v)27.22 E(alue on the stack is popped and used as th\
e number radix for further input.)-.25 E F3(o)108 625.24 Q F0(The top v)
25 E(alue on the stack is popped and used as the number radix for furth\
er output.)-.25 E F3(k)108 641.28 Q F0 .461
(the top of the stack is popped, and that v)24.44 F .462
(alue is used as a non-ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .762 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .462(cale f).15 F .462(actor: the appropriate)-.1 F .914(number \
of places are printed on output, and maintained during multiplication, \
di)138 652.28 R .913(vision, and e)-.25 F(xpo-)-.15 E 3.147
(nentiation. The)138 663.28 R .647(interaction of scale f)3.147 F(actor)
-.1 E 3.147(,i)-.4 G .648
(nput base, and output base will be reasonable if all are)-3.147 F
(changed together)138 674.28 Q(.)-.55 E F3(z)108 690.32 Q F0
(The stack le)25.56 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(li).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G
(ushed onto the stack.)-2.5 E F3(?)108 706.36 Q F0 2.5(Al)25 G
(ine of input is tak)-2.5 E
(en from the input source \(usually the console\) and e)-.1 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cuted.).15 E 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DC \( I \))72 58 R 189.842
(2/8/75 DC)192.342 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G(An e)108 105 Q
(xample which prints the f)-.15 E(irst ten v)-.2 E(alues of n! is)-.25 E
/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([la1+dsa*pla10>y]sy)138 121.04 Q(0sa1)138 132.04
Q(lyx)138 143.04 Q/F2 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 161.24 Q F0 .443
(bc \(I\), which is a preprocessor for)108 172.24 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(dc)2.942 E F0(pro)2.942 E .442(viding inf)-.15 F .442
(ix notation and a C-lik)-.2 F 2.942(es)-.1 G .442
(yntax which implements func-)-2.942 F(tions and)108 183.24 Q
(reasonable control structures for programs.)5 E F2(DIA)72 201.44 Q
(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0(\(x\) ? for unrecognized character x.)108 212.44 Q
(\(x\) ? for not enough elements on the stack to do what w)108 223.44 Q
(as ask)-.1 E(ed by command x.)-.1 E
(`Out of space' when the free list is e)108 234.44 Q(xhausted \(too man)
-.15 E 2.5(yd)-.15 G(igits\).)-2.5 E(`Out of headers' for too man)108
245.44 Q 2.5(yn)-.15 G(umbers being k)-2.5 E(ept around.)-.1 E
(`Out of pushdo)108 256.44 Q(wn' for too man)-.25 E 2.5(yi)-.15 G
(tems on the stack.)-2.5 E(`Nesting Depth' for too man)108 267.44 Q 2.5
(yl)-.15 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.5 H(ls of nested e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution.).15 E F2 -.08(BU)72 285.64 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S
2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DD \( I \))72 58 R 186.792
(5/15/74 DD)189.292 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(dd)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(con)2.5
E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt and cop).15 E 2.5(yaf)-.1 G(ile)-2.7 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dd)108 163.4 Q F0([option=v)2.5 E
(alue] ...)-.25 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Dd)
108 192.6 Q F0 .234(copies the specif)2.734 F .234(ied input f)-.2 F
.234(ile to the specif)-.2 F .234(ied output with possible con)-.2 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G 2.735(rsions. The).15 F .235(standard input and)2.735 F
1.333(output are used by def)108 203.6 R 3.833(ault. The)-.1 F 1.333
(input and output block size may be specif)3.833 F 1.333(ied to tak)-.2
F 3.832(ea)-.1 G(dv)-3.832 E 1.332(antage of ra)-.25 F(w)-.15 E(ph)108
214.6 Q(ysical I/O.)-.05 E F4 46.94(option values)108 230.64 R F0 60.75
(if= input)108 241.64 R -.2(fi)2.5 G(le name; standard input is def).2 E
(ault)-.1 E 58.53(of= output)108 252.64 R -.2(fi)2.5 G
(le name; standard output is def).2 E(ault)-.1 E 55.19(ibs= input)108
263.64 R(block size \(def)2.5 E(ault 512\))-.1 E 52.97(obs= output)108
274.64 R(block size \(def)2.5 E(ault 512\))-.1 E 57.97(bs= set)108
285.64 R .93(both input and output block size, superseding)3.43 F F4
(ibs)3.431 E F0(and)3.431 E F4(obs;)3.431 E F0 .931(also, if no con)
3.431 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .931(rsion is).15 F(specif)183 296.64 Q
(ied, it is particularly ef)-.2 E -.2(fi)-.25 G(cient since no cop).2 E
2.5(yn)-.1 G(eed be done)-2.5 E(cbs=)108 307.64 Q F4(n)A F0(con)51.03 E
-.15(ve)-.4 G(rsion b).15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E(skip=)108 318.64 Q
F4(n)A F0(skip)47.69 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(input records before starting cop)
2.5 E(y)-.1 E(count=)108 329.64 Q F4(n)A F0(cop)42.14 E 2.5(yo)-.1 G
(nly)-2.5 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(input records)2.5 E(con)108 340.64 Q 29.49
(v=ascii con)-.4 F -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt EBCDIC to ASCII).15 E 21.4
(ebcdic con)133 351.64 R -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt ASCII to EBCDIC).15 E 27.51
(lcase map)133 362.64 R(alphabetics to lo)2.5 E(wer case)-.25 E 25.29
(ucase map)133 373.64 R(alphabetics to upper case)2.5 E(sw)133 384.64 Q
27.05(ab sw)-.1 F(ap e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry pair of bytes).15 E 18.07
(noerror do)133 395.64 R(not stop processing on an error)2.5 E 29.17
(sync pad)133 406.64 R -2.15 -.25(ev e)2.5 H(ry input record to).25 E F4
(ibs)2.5 E F0(... , ...)133 417.64 Q(se)27.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral comma-separated con).15 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsions).15 E 1.039
(Where sizes are specif)108 433.68 R 1.039(ied, a number of bytes is e)
-.2 F 3.539(xpected. A)-.15 F 1.038(number may end with)3.538 F F3 1.038
(k, b)3.538 F F0(or)3.538 E F3(w)3.538 E F0 1.038(to specify)3.538 F
.412(multiplication by 1024, 512, or 2 respecti)108 444.68 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.412(.A)-.65 G .412
(lso a pair of numbers may be separated by)-5.412 F F3(x)2.912 E F0 .413
(to indicate a)2.912 F(product.)108 455.68 Q F4(Cbs)108 471.72 Q F0 .165
(is used only if)2.665 F F4(ascii)2.665 E F0(or)2.665 E F4(ebcdic)2.665
E F0(con)2.665 E -.15(ve)-.4 G .165(rsion is specif).15 F 2.665(ied. In)
-.2 F .165(the former case)2.665 F F4(cbs)2.664 E F0 .164
(characters are placed into)2.664 F .504(the con)108 482.72 R -.15(ve)
-.4 G .504(rsion b).15 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.004(,c)-.4 G(on)-3.004 E
-.15(ve)-.4 G .504(rted to ASCII, and trailing blanks trimmed and ne).15
F .505(w-line added before sending)-.25 F .612(the line to the output.)
108 493.72 R .611
(In the latter case ASCII characters are read into the con)5.611 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G .611(rsion b).15 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 3.111(,c)-.4 G(on)
-3.111 E -.15(ve)-.4 G .611(rted to).15 F
(EBCDIC, and blanks added to mak)108 504.72 Q 2.5(eu)-.1 G 2.5(pa)-2.5 G
2.5(no)-2.5 G(utput record of size)-2.5 E F4(cbs.)2.5 E F0
(After completion,)108 520.76 Q F4(dd)2.5 E F0
(reports the number of whole and partial input and output blocks.)2.5 E
-.15(Fo)108 536.8 S 2.678(re).15 G .178
(xample, to read an EBCDIC tape block)-2.828 F .178
(ed ten 80-byte EBCDIC card images per record into the ASCII)-.1 F -.2
(fi)108 547.8 S(le).2 E F4(x:)2.5 E F0 2.5(dd if=/de)108 563.84 R 2.5
(v/rmt0 of=x ibs=800 cbs=80 con)-.25 F(v=ascii,lcase)-.4 E .549
(Note the use of ra)108 579.88 R 3.049(wm)-.15 G(agtape.)-3.049 E F4(Dd)
5.549 E F0 .549(is especially suited to I/O on the ra)3.049 F 3.049(wp)
-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.049 G .549(sical de).05 F .549(vices because it allo)
-.25 F(ws)-.25 E(reading and writing in arbitrary record sizes.)108
590.88 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 609.08 Q F0(cp \(I\))108 620.08 Q F1 -.08(BU)72
638.28 S(GS).08 E F0 .354(The ASCII/EBCDIC con)108 649.28 R -.15(ve)-.4
G .354(rsion tables are tak).15 F .354
(en from the 256 character standard in the CA)-.1 F .354(CM No)-.4 F
1.654 -.65(v, 1)-.15 H(968.).65 E(It is not clear ho)108 660.28 Q 2.5
(wt)-.25 G(his relates to real life.)-2.5 E(Ne)108 676.32 Q .039
(wlines are inserted only on con)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .039
(rsion to ASCII; padding is done only on con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .038
(rsion to EBCDIC.).15 F(There)5.038 E(should be separate options.)108
687.32 Q 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DIFF \( I \))72 58 R 179.562
(5/15/74 DIFF)182.062 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(dif)108 134.2 Q(f)-.25 E/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)
2.5 E F0(dif)2.5 E(ferential f)-.25 E(ile comparator)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)
72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diff)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E
F0 2.5(]n)2.5 G(ame1 name2)-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Dif)108 192.6 Q(f)-.18 E F0 .046
(tells what lines must be changed in tw)2.546 F 2.547(of)-.1 G .047
(iles to bring them into agreement.)-2.747 F .047
(The normal output contains)5.047 F(lines of these forms:)108 203.6 Q F4
(n1)133 219.64 Q F0(a)2.5 E F4(n3,n4)2.5 E(n1,n2)133 230.64 Q F0(d)2.5 E
F4(n3)2.5 E(n1,n2)133 241.64 Q F0(c)2.5 E F4(n3,n4)2.5 E F0 1.127
(These lines resemble)108 257.68 R F4(ed)3.627 E F0 1.127
(commands to con)3.627 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.127(rt f).15 F(ile)-.2 E F4
(name1)3.627 E F0 1.127(into f)3.627 F(ile)-.2 E F4(name2.)3.627 E F0
1.127(The numbers after the letters)6.127 F .778(pertain to f)108 268.68
R(ile)-.2 E F4(name2.)3.278 E F0 .778(In f)5.778 F .778(act, by e)-.1 F
.778(xchanging `a' for `d' and reading backw)-.15 F .779
(ard one may ascertain equally)-.1 F(ho)108 279.68 Q 2.505(wt)-.25 G
2.505(oc)-2.505 G(on)-2.505 E -.15(ve)-.4 G .005(rt f).15 F(ile)-.2 E F4
(name2)2.505 E F0(into)2.505 E F4(name1.)2.505 E F0 .005(As in)5.005 F
F4(ed,)2.505 E F0 .005(identical pairs where)2.505 F F4(n1)2.505 E F0(=)
2.505 E F4(n2)2.505 E F0(or)2.505 E F4(n3)2.505 E F0(=)2.505 E F4(n4)
2.505 E F0 .005(are abbre)2.505 F .005(viated as)-.25 F 2.5(as)108
290.68 S(ingle number)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -.15(Fo)108 306.72 S(llo).15 E
.387(wing each of these lines come all the lines that are af)-.25 F .387
(fected in the f)-.25 F .387(irst f)-.2 F .387
(ile flagged by `*', then all the)-.2 F(lines that are af)108 317.72 Q
(fected in the second f)-.25 E(ile flagged by `)-.2 E F3(.)A F0('.)A
.028(Under the)108 333.76 R F2(-)2.528 E F0 .028(option, the output of)
2.528 F F4(dif)2.528 E(f)-.18 E F0 .027(is a script of)2.528 F F4 .027
(a, c)2.527 F F0(and)2.527 E F4(d)2.527 E F0 .027
(commands for the editor)2.527 F F4(ed,)2.527 E F0 .027
(which will change)2.527 F .257(the contents of the f)108 344.76 R .258
(irst f)-.2 F .258(ile into the contents of the second.)-.2 F .258
(In this connection, the follo)5.258 F .258(wing shell program)-.25 F
.352(may help maintain multiple v)108 355.76 R .352(ersions of a f)-.15
F 2.852(ile. Only)-.2 F .352(an ancestral f)2.852 F .351
(ile \($1\) and a chain of v)-.2 F(ersion-to-v)-.15 E(ersion)-.15 E F4
(ed)108 366.76 Q F0(scripts \($2,$3,...\) made by)2.5 E F4(dif)2.5 E(f)
-.18 E F0(need be on hand.)2.5 E 2.5(A`)5 G(latest v)-2.5 E
(ersion' appears on the standard output.)-.15 E
(\(cat $2 ... $9; echo "1,$p"\))133 382.8 Q F2<ef>2.5 E F0(ed)2.5 E F2
(-)2.5 E F0($1)2.5 E(Except for occasional `jackpots',)108 398.84 Q F4
(dif)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(nds a smallest suf).2 E -.2(fi)-.25
G(cient set of f).2 E(ile dif)-.2 E(ferences.)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72
417.04 Q F0(cmp \(I\), comm \(I\), ed \(I\))108 428.04 Q F1(DIA)72
446.24 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0(`jackpot')108 457.24 Q F2(-)3.286 E F0 2.386
-.8(To s)3.286 H .787(peed things up, the program uses hashing.).8 F
-1.1(Yo)5.787 G 3.287(uh)1.1 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.287 H .787
(stumbled on a case where there is a)3.487 F .249
(chance that this has resulted in a dif)108 468.24 R .249
(ference being called where none actually e)-.25 F 2.748
(xisted. Sometimes)-.15 F(re)2.748 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsing).15 E
(the order of f)108 479.24 Q(iles will mak)-.2 E 2.5(eaj)-.1 G
(ackpot go a)-2.5 E -.1(wa)-.15 G -.65(y.).1 G F1 -.08(BU)72 497.44 S
(GS).08 E F0(Editing scripts produced under the)108 508.44 Q F2(-)2.5 E
F0(option are nai)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
(bout creating lines consisting of a single `).15 E F3(.)A F0('.)A 2.5
(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DSW \( I \))72 58 R 179.012
(3/15/72 DSW)181.512 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(dsw)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(delete interacti)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dsw)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([d)2.5 G(irectory ])-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 -.15(Fo)108 192.6 S 2.557(re).15 G .057
(ach f)-2.557 F .057(ile in the gi)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.557(nd).15 G
.058(irectory \(`)-2.557 F F3(.)A F0 5.058('i)C 2.558(fn)-5.058 G .058
(ot specif)-2.558 F(ied\))-.2 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dsw)2.558 E F0
.058(types its name.)2.558 F(If)5.058 E F3(y)2.558 E F0 .058
(is typed, the f)2.558 F .058(ile is deleted;)-.2 F(if)108 203.6 Q F3
(x,)2.5 E F4(dsw)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(its; if ne).15 E(w-line, the f)
-.25 E(ile is not deleted; if an)-.2 E(ything else,)-.15 E F4(dsw)2.5 E
F0(asks ag)2.5 E(ain.)-.05 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 221.8 Q F0(rm \(I\))108
232.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 251 S(GS).08 E F0(The name)108 262 Q F4(dsw)2.5 E
F0(is a carryo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rf).15 G(rom the ancient past.)
-2.5 E(Its etymology is amusing.)5 E 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DU \( I \))72 58 R 186.792
(1/20/73 DU)189.292 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(du)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(summarize disk usage)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(du)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(s)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3
(a)A F0 2.5(][n)2.5 G(ame ... ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Du)108 192.6 Q F0(gi)3.122 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.122(st)
.15 G .622(he number of blocks contained in all f)-3.122 F .622
(iles and \(recursi)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .622
(ly\) directories within each specif).15 F .621(ied di-)-.2 F
(rectory or f)108 203.6 Q(ile)-.2 E F4(name)2.5 E(.)-.15 E F0(If)5 E F4
(name)2.5 E F0(is missing, `)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 5('i)C 2.5(su)-5 G(sed.)
-2.5 E .349(The optional ar)108 219.64 R(gument)-.18 E F2(-)2.849 E F3
(s)A F0 .349(causes only the grand total to be gi)2.849 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.85(n. The).15 F .35(optional ar)2.85 F(gument)-.18 E F2(-)2.85 E F3(a)
A F0 .35(causes an en-)2.85 F(try to be generated for each f)108 230.64
Q 2.5(ile. Absence)-.2 F
(of either causes an entry to be generated for each directory only)2.5 E
(.)-.65 E 2.5(Af)108 246.68 S(ile which has tw)-2.7 E 2.5(ol)-.1 G
(inks to it is only counted once.)-2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72 264.88 S(GS).08 E
F0(Non-directories gi)108 275.88 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G 2.5(sa)
-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments \(not under).18 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(a)A F0
(option\) are not listed.)2.5 E(Remo)108 291.92 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 1.072
(ble f).25 F 1.072(ile systems do not w)-.2 F 1.071
(ork correctly since i-numbers may be repeated while the corresponding)
-.1 F -.2(fi)108 302.92 S(les are distinct.).2 E F4(Du)5 E F0
(should maintain an i-number list per root directory encountered.)2.5 E
2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(ECHO \( I \))72 58 R 174.012
(3/15/72 ECHO)176.512 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(echo)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(echo ar)2.5 E(guments)-.18 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(echo)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([a)2.5 G .36 -.18(rg .)-2.5 H(.. ]).18 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ec)108 192.6 Q(ho)-.15 E
F0 .073(writes its ar)2.573 F .073
(guments in order as a line on the standard output f)-.18 F 2.574
(ile. It)-.2 F .074(is mainly useful for producing di-)2.574 F
(agnostics in command f)108 203.6 Q(iles.)-.2 E F1 -.08(BU)72 221.8 S
(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-3)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(ED \( I \))72 58 R 187.902
(1/15/73 ED)190.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ed)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(te)2.5
E(xt editor)-.15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ed)108
163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F0 2.5(][n)2.5 G(ame ])-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ed)108 192.6 Q F0
(is the standard te)2.5 E(xt editor)-.15 E(.)-.55 E .51(If a)108 208.64
R F4(name)3.01 E F0(ar)3.01 E .51(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,)
.15 E F4(ed)3.009 E F0 .509(simulates an)3.009 F F4(e)3.009 E F0 .509
(command \(see belo)3.009 F 2.175(w\) on)-.25 F .509(the named f)3.009 F
.509(ile; that is to say)-.2 F 3.009(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.009 E -.2(fi)108
219.64 S 1.264(le is read into).2 F F4(ed')3.764 E(s)-.4 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.764 G -.25(ff).2 G 1.265(er so that it can be edited.).25 F 1.265
(The optional)6.265 F F2(-)3.765 E F0 1.265
(suppresses the printing of character)3.765 F(counts by)108 230.64 Q F4
.2 -.1(e, r)2.5 H(,)-1.01 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(w)2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E
F4(Ed)108 246.68 Q F0 .259(operates on a cop)2.759 F 2.759(yo)-.1 G
2.759(fa)-2.759 G .559 -.15(ny f)-2.759 H .258
(ile it is editing; changes made in the cop)-.05 F 2.758(yh)-.1 G -2.25
-.2(av e)-2.758 H .258(no ef)2.958 F .258(fect on the f)-.25 F .258
(ile until a)-.2 F F4(w)2.758 E F0 2.389(\(write\) command)108 257.68 R
.723(is gi)3.223 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.223(n. The).15 F(cop)3.223 E 3.223
(yo)-.1 G 3.223(ft)-3.223 G .723(he te)-3.223 F .724
(xt being edited resides in a temporary f)-.15 F .724(ile called the)-.2
F F4 -.2(bu)3.224 G -.18(ff).2 G(er).18 E(.)-1.11 E F0
(There is only one b)108 268.68 Q(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E .075
(Commands to)108 284.72 R F4(ed)2.575 E F0(ha)2.575 E .375 -.15(ve a s)
-.2 H .075(imple and re).15 F .075(gular structure: zero or more)-.15 F
F4(addr)2.575 E(esses)-.37 E F0(follo)2.574 E .074
(wed by a single character)-.25 F F4(command,)108 295.72 Q F0 .34
(possibly follo)2.84 F .34(wed by parameters to the command.)-.25 F .34
(These addresses specify one or more lines in)5.34 F .336(the b)108
306.72 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.336(.E)-.55 G -.15(ve)-5.336 G .336
(ry command which requires addresses has def).15 F .335
(ault addresses, so that the addresses can often)-.1 F(be omitted.)108
317.72 Q .469(In general, only one command may appear on a line.)108
333.76 R .469(Certain commands allo)5.469 F 2.969(wt)-.25 G .469
(he input of te)-2.969 F 2.969(xt. This)-.15 F(te)2.969 E(xt)-.15 E .191
(is placed in the appropriate place in the b)108 344.76 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)
-.25 E 5.191(.W)-.55 G(hile)-5.191 E F4(ed)2.691 E F0 .191
(is accepting te)2.691 F .191(xt, it is said to be in)-.15 F F4 .19
(input mode)2.691 F(.)-.15 E F0(In)5.19 E .036
(this mode, no commands are recognized; all input is merely collected.)
108 355.76 R .037(Input mode is left by typing a period)5.037 F(`)108
366.76 Q F3(.)A F0 2.5('a)C(lone at the be)-2.5 E(ginning of a line.)
-.15 E F4(Ed)108 382.8 Q F0 .18(supports a limited form of)2.68 F F4
-.37(re)2.68 G .18(gular e)-.03 F(xpr)-.2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 2.68
(notation. A)2.68 F(re)2.68 E .18(gular e)-.15 F .18(xpression specif)
-.15 F .18(ies a set of strings of)-.2 F 2.605(characters. A)108 393.8 R
.106(member of this set of strings is said to be)2.605 F F4(matc)2.606 E
(hed)-.15 E F0 .106(by the re)2.606 F .106(gular e)-.15 F 2.606
(xpression. The)-.15 F(re)2.606 E .106(gular e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
(pressions allo)108 404.8 Q(wed by)-.25 E F4(ed)2.5 E F0
(are constructed as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E 5(1. An)108 420.84 R .144
(ordinary character \(not one of those discussed belo)2.644 F 1.81
(w\) is)-.25 F 2.644(ar)2.644 G -.15(eg)-2.644 G .144(ular e).15 F .144
(xpression and matches that char)-.15 F(-)-.2 E(acter)123 431.84 Q(.)
-.55 E 5(2. A)108 447.88 R(circumfle)2.718 E 2.718(x`)-.15 G .219
(^' at the be)-2.718 F .219(ginning of a re)-.15 F .219(gular e)-.15 F
.219(xpression matches the empty string at the be)-.15 F .219
(ginning of a)-.15 F(line.)123 458.88 Q 5(3. A)108 474.92 R(currenc)2.5
E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ymbol `$' at the end of a re)-2.5 E(gular e)-.15 E
(xpression matches the null character at the end of a line.)-.15 E 5
(4. A)108 490.96 R(period `)2.5 E F3(.)A F0 2.5('m)C(atches an)-2.5 E
2.5(yc)-.15 G(haracter e)-2.5 E(xcept a ne)-.15 E(w-line character)-.25
E(.)-.55 E 5(5. A)108 507 R(re)3.098 E .598(gular e)-.15 F .598
(xpression follo)-.15 F .598(wed by an asterisk `*' matches an)-.25 F
3.098(yn)-.15 G .598(umber of adjacent occurrences \(includ-)-3.098 F
(ing zero\))123 518 Q(of the re)4.166 E(gular e)-.15 E
(xpression it follo)-.15 E(ws.)-.25 E 5(6. A)108 534.04 R .096
(string of characters enclosed in square brack)2.596 F .096
(ets `[ ]' matches an)-.1 F 2.596(yc)-.15 G .096
(haracter in the string b)-2.596 F .097(ut no others.)-.2 F .393(If, ho)
123 545.04 R(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.193 -.4(r, t).15 H .393(he f).4
F .393(irst character of the string is a circumfle)-.2 F 2.893(x`)-.15 G
.393(^' the re)-2.893 F .393(gular e)-.15 F .393(xpression matches an)
-.15 F 2.892(yc)-.15 G(har)-2.892 E(-)-.2 E(acter e)123 556.04 Q
(xcept ne)-.15 E(w-line and the characters in the string.)-.25 E 5
(7. The)108 572.08 R .034(concatenation of re)2.534 F .034(gular e)-.15
F .034(xpressions is a re)-.15 F .034(gular e)-.15 F .035
(xpression which matches the concatenation of the)-.15 F
(strings matched by the components of the re)123 583.08 Q(gular e)-.15 E
(xpression.)-.15 E 5(8. A)108 599.12 R(re)3.239 E .739(gular e)-.15 F
.739(xpression enclosed between the sequences `\\\(' and `\\\)'is ident\
ical to the unadorned e)-.15 F(xpres-)-.15 E
(sion; the construction has side ef)123 610.12 Q
(fects discussed under the)-.25 E F4(s)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E 5(9. The)
108 626.16 R(null re)2.5 E(gular e)-.15 E
(xpression standing alone is equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(lent to the last re).25 E(gular e)-.15 E(xpression encountered.)-.15 E
(Re)108 642.2 Q .578(gular e)-.15 F .578(xpressions are used in address\
es to specify lines and in one command \(see)-.15 F F4(s)3.079 E F0
(belo)3.079 E 2.245(w\) to)-.25 F .579(specify a)3.079 F .176
(portion of a line which is to be replaced.)108 653.2 R .175
(If it is desired to use one of the re)5.176 F .175(gular e)-.15 F .175
(xpression metacharacters)-.15 F .214(as an ordinary character)108 664.2
R 2.714(,t)-.4 G .214(hat character may be preceded by `\\'.)-2.714 F
.214(This also applies to the character bounding)5.214 F(the re)108
675.2 Q(gular e)-.15 E(xpression \(often `/'\))-.15 E
(and to `\\' itself.)4.166 E 2.428 -.8(To u)108 691.24 T .828
(nderstand addressing in).8 F F4(ed)3.328 E F0 .828
(it is necessary to kno)3.328 F 3.328(wt)-.25 G .828(hat at an)-3.328 F
3.328(yt)-.15 G .828(ime there is a)-3.328 F F4(curr)3.328 E .827
(ent line)-.37 F(.)-.15 E F0(Generally)5.827 E .829
(speaking, the current line is the last line af)108 702.24 R .829
(fected by a command; ho)-.25 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.629 -.4(r, t)
.15 H .829(he e).4 F .829(xact ef)-.15 F .829(fect on the current)-.25 F
(line is discussed under the description of the command.)108 713.24 Q
(Addresses are constructed as follo)5 E(ws.)-.25 E 2.5(-3)295.17 767 S
2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(ED \( I \))72 58 R 187.902
(1/15/73 ED)190.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G 5(1. The)123 105 R
(character `)2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)A F0 2.5('a)C
(ddresses the current line.)-2.5 E 5(2. The)123 121.04 R
(character `$' addresses the last line of the b)2.5 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25
E(.)-.55 E 5(3. A)123 137.08 R(decimal number)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(n)2.5 E F0(addresses the)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(-th line of the b)A(uf)
-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E 5(4. `\264)123 153.12 R F2(x)A F0 3.327('a)C
.827(ddresses the line mark)-3.327 F .826
(ed with the mark name character)-.1 F F2(x)3.326 E F0 3.326(,w)C .826
(hich must be a lo)-3.326 F(wer)-.25 E .826(-case letter)-.2 F(.)-.55 E
(Lines are mark)138 164.12 Q(ed with the)-.1 E F2(k)2.5 E F0
(command described belo)2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 5(5. A)123 180.16 R(re)3.38
E .88(gular e)-.15 F .881
(xpression enclosed in slashes `/' addresses the f)-.15 F .881
(irst line found by searching to)-.2 F -.1(wa)-.25 G .881(rd the).1 F
.727(end of the b)138 191.16 R(uf)-.2 E .726(fer and stopping at the f)
-.25 F .726(irst line containing a string matching the re)-.2 F .726
(gular e)-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E
(If necessary the search wraps around to the be)138 202.16 Q
(ginning of the b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E 5(6. A)123 218.2 R
(re)3.233 E .733(gular e)-.15 F .733
(xpression enclosed in queries `?' addresses the f)-.15 F .734
(irst line found by searching to)-.2 F -.1(wa)-.25 G .734(rd the).1 F
(be)138 229.2 Q .129(ginning of the b)-.15 F(uf)-.2 E .128
(fer and stopping at the f)-.25 F .128
(irst line containing a string matching the re)-.2 F .128(gular e)-.15 F
(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5(sion. If)138 240.2 R
(necessary the search wraps around to the end of the b)2.5 E(uf)-.2 E
(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E 5(7. An)123 256.24 R .368(address follo)2.868 F
.368(wed by a plus sign `+' or a minus sign `)-.25 F/F3 10/Symbol SF(-)A
F0 2.869('f)C(ollo)-2.869 E .369(wed by a decimal number specif)-.25 F
(ies)-.2 E(that address plus \(resp. minus\))138 267.24 Q
(the indicated number of lines.)4.166 E(The plus sign may be omitted.)5
E 5(8. If)123 283.28 R .768(an address be)3.268 F .768
(gins with `+' or `\255' the addition or subtraction is tak)-.15 F .767
(en with respect to the current)-.1 F
(line; e.g. `\2555' is understood to mean `)138 294.28 Q F1(.)A F0
(\2555'.)A 5(9. If)123 310.32 R .379(an address ends with `+' or `\255'\
, then 1 is added \(resp. subtracted\).)2.879 F .38
(As a consequence of this rule)5.38 F .667(and rule 8, the address `\
\255' refers to the line before the current line.)138 321.32 R(Moreo)
5.666 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.466 -.4(r, t).15 H .666(railing `+' and `\255')
.4 F(characters ha)138 332.32 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.2 H(umulati).15 E .3 -.15
(ve e)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G
(ect, so `\255\255' refers to the current line less 2.).25 E(10. T)123
348.36 Q 2.839(om)-.8 G .339(aintain compatibility with earlier v)-2.839
F .339(ersion of the editor)-.15 F 2.839(,t)-.4 G .34
(he character `^' in addresses is entirely)-2.839 F(equi)138 359.36 Q
-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to `\255'.).25 E 1.322
(Commands may require zero, one, or tw)108 375.4 R 3.821(oa)-.1 G 3.821
(ddresses. Commands)-3.821 F 1.321(which require no addresses re)3.821 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G 1.321(rd the).05 F .04
(presence of an address as an error)108 386.4 R 5.041(.C)-.55 G .041
(ommands which accept one or tw)-5.041 F 2.541(oa)-.1 G .041
(ddresses assume def)-2.541 F .041(ault addresses)-.1 F .208(when insuf)
108 397.4 R -.2(fi)-.25 G .208(cient are gi).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708
(n. If).15 F .207(more addresses are gi)2.707 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.707(nt)
.15 G .207(han such a command requires, the last one or tw)-2.707 F(o)
-.1 E(\(depending on what is accepted\))108 408.4 Q(are used.)4.166 E
.388(Addresses are separated from each other typically by a comma `)108
424.44 R F1(,)A F0 2.888('. The)B 2.888(ym)-.15 G .389
(ay also be separated by a semi-)-2.888 F .042(colon `)108 435.44 R F1
(;)A F0 2.542('. In)B .042(this case the current line `)2.542 F F1(.)A
F0 2.542('i)C 2.542(ss)-2.542 G .041(et to the pre)-2.542 F .041
(vious address before the ne)-.25 F .041(xt address is interpreted.)-.15
F .889(This feature can be used to determine the starting line for forw)
108 446.44 R .889(ard and backw)-.1 F .889(ard searches \(`/', `?'\))-.1
F 5.89(.T)1.666 G(he)-5.89 E .487(second address of an)108 457.44 R
2.987(yt)-.15 G -.1(wo)-2.987 G .487
(-address sequence must correspond to a line follo).1 F .486
(wing the line corresponding to)-.25 F(the f)108 468.44 Q(irst address.)
-.2 E .428(In the follo)108 484.48 R .428(wing list of)-.25 F F2(ed)
2.929 E F0 .429(commands, the def)2.929 F .429(ault addresses are sho)
-.1 F .429(wn in parentheses.)-.25 F .429(The parentheses are)5.429 F
(not part of the address, b)108 495.48 Q(ut are used to sho)-.2 E 2.5
(wt)-.25 G(hat the gi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G
(ddresses are the def)-2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .656
(As mentioned, it is generally ille)108 511.52 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.156
(lf).05 G .656(or more than one command to appear on a line.)-3.156 F
(Ho)5.656 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.456 -.4(r, a).15 H .956 -.15
(ny c).4 H(om-).15 E .418(mand may be suf)108 522.52 R -.2(fi)-.25 G
-.15(xe).2 G 2.918(db).15 G 2.918(y`)-2.918 G .418(p' or by `l', in whi\
ch case the current line is either printed or listed respecti)-2.918 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(in the w)108 533.52 Q(ay discussed belo)-.1 E
-.65(w.)-.25 G(\()108 549.56 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)a)2.5 G(<te)108
560.56 Q(xt>)-.15 E F1(.)108 571.56 Q F0 .779
(The append command reads the gi)133 582.56 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.279(nt)
.15 G -.15(ex)-3.279 G 3.279(ta).15 G .779
(nd appends it after the addressed line.)-3.279 F(`)5.779 E F1(.)A F0
3.279('i)C 3.279(sl)-3.279 G .778(eft on the)-3.279 F .757
(last line input, if there were an)133 593.56 R 2.057 -.65(y, o)-.15 H
.757(therwise at the addressed line.).65 F .757(Address `0' is le)5.757
F -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.258(lf).05 G .758(or this com-)-3.258 F(mand; te)133
604.56 Q(xt is placed at the be)-.15 E(ginning of the b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E
(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(\()108 620.6 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5 E F1(.)2.5 E F0
1.666(\)c)2.5 G(<te)108 631.6 Q(xt>)-.15 E F1(.)108 642.6 Q F0 .477
(The change command deletes the addressed lines, then accepts input te)
133 653.6 R .477(xt which replaces these lines.)-.15 F(`)133 664.6 Q F1
(.)A F0 2.5('i)C 2.5(sl)-2.5 G
(eft at the last line input; if there were none, it is left at the f)
-2.5 E(irst line not deleted.)-.2 E(\()108 680.64 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5
E F1(.)2.5 E F0 4.166(\)d)2.5 G .054
(The delete command deletes the addressed lines from the b)133 691.64 R
(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.054(.T)-.55 G .054
(he line originally after the last line)-5.054 F .485(deleted becomes t\
he current line; if the lines deleted were originally at the end, the n\
e)133 702.64 R 2.984(wl)-.25 G .484(ast line be-)-2.984 F
(comes the current line.)133 713.64 Q 2.5(-3)295.17 767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(ED \( I \))72 58 R 187.902
(1/15/73 ED)190.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G 2.5(ef)108 105 S(ilename)-2.7
E .056(The edit command causes the entire contents of the b)133 116 R
(uf)-.2 E .056(fer to be deleted, and then the named f)-.25 F .057
(ile to be)-.2 F .401(read in.)133 127 R(`)5.401 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(.)A F0 2.901('i)C 2.901(ss)-2.901 G .401(et to the last line of the b)
-2.901 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.401(.T)-.55 G .401
(he number of characters read is typed.)-5.401 F(`f)5.401 E .401
(ilename' is)-.2 F(remembered for possible use as a def)133 138 Q
(ault f)-.1 E(ile name in a subsequent)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(r)
2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(w)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E 2.5(ff)108 154.04 S
(ilename)-2.7 E 1.009(The f)133 165.04 R 1.009
(ilename command prints the currently remembered f)-.2 F 1.009
(ile name.)-.2 F 1.009(If `f)6.009 F 1.01(ilename' is gi)-.2 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.01(n, the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E(rently remembered f)133 176.04 Q
(ile name is changed to `f)-.2 E(ilename'.)-.2 E -.834(\(1,$\) g/re)108
192.08 R(gular e)-.15 E(xpression/command list)-.15 E .722
(In the global command, the f)133 203.08 R .721(irst step is to mark e)
-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .721(ry line which matches the gi).15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.221(nr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.221 G .721(ular e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E
2.562(sion. Then)133 214.08 R .062(for e)2.562 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .062
(ry such line, the gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.563(nc).15 G .063
(ommand list is e)-2.563 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .063(cuted with `).15 F F1(.)A
F0 2.563('i)C .063(nitially set to that line.)-2.563 F(A)5.063 E 1.147
(single command or the f)133 225.08 R 1.147(irst of multiple commands a\
ppears on the same line with the global com-)-.2 F 2.775(mand. All)133
236.08 R .275(lines of a multi-line list e)2.775 F .276
(xcept the last line must be ended with `\\'.)-.15 F F2 .276(A, i,)5.276
F F0(and)2.776 E F2(c)2.776 E F0(commands)2.776 E .682
(and associated input are permitted; the `)133 247.08 R F1(.)A F0 3.181
('t)C .681(erminating input mode may be omitted if it w)-3.181 F .681
(ould be on)-.1 F .947(the last line of the command list.)133 258.08 R
.947(The \(global\))5.947 F(commands,)5.113 E F2 -.1(g,)3.447 G F0(and)
3.548 E F2 -.74(v,)3.448 G F0 .948(are not permitted in the com-)4.188 F
(mand list.)133 269.08 Q(\()108 285.12 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)i)2.5 G
(<te)108 296.12 Q(xt>)-.15 E F1(.)108 307.12 Q F0 .167
(This command inserts the gi)133 318.12 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.667(nt).15 G
-.15(ex)-2.667 G 2.667(tb).15 G .166(efore the addressed line.)-2.667 F
(`)5.166 E F1(.)A F0 2.666('i)C 2.666(sl)-2.666 G .166
(eft at the last line input; if there)-2.666 F .544
(were none, at the addressed line.)133 329.12 R .544(This command dif)
5.544 F .544(fers from the)-.25 F F2(a)3.045 E F0 .545
(command only in the placement)3.045 F(of the te)133 340.12 Q(xt.)-.15 E
(\()108 356.16 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)k)2.5 G F2(x)-1.666 E F0 .801
(The mark command marks the addressed line with name)133 367.16 R F2(x,)
3.301 E F0 .8(which must be a lo)3.301 F(wer)-.25 E .8(-case letter)-.2
F 5.8(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.8 E(address form `\264)133 378.16 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5
('t)C(hen addresses this line.)-2.5 E(\()108 394.2 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5
E F1(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)l)2.5 G 1.727
(The list command prints the addressed lines in an unambiguous w)133
405.2 R 1.727(ay: non-graphic characters are)-.1 F
(printed in octal, and long lines are folded.)133 416.2 Q(An)5 E F2(l)
2.5 E F0(command may follo)2.5 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny o)-2.5 H
(ther on the same line.).15 E(\()108 432.24 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5 E F1
(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)m)2.5 G F2(a)-1.666 E F0 1.294(The mo)133 443.24 R
1.594 -.15(ve c)-.15 H 1.294
(ommand repositions the addressed lines after the line addressed by).15
F F2(a.)3.794 E F0 1.293(The last of the)6.293 F(mo)133 454.24 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dl).15 G(ines becomes the current line.)-2.5 E(\()108
470.28 Q F1(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)p)2.5 G 1.117
(The print command prints the addressed lines.)133 481.28 R(`)6.117 E F1
(.)A F0 6.117('i)C 3.617(sl)-6.117 G 1.117
(eft at the last line printed.)-3.617 F(The)6.117 E F2(p)3.617 E F0
(command)3.618 E(may be placed on the same line after an)133 492.28 Q
2.5(yc)-.15 G(ommand.)-2.5 E(q)108 508.32 Q(The quit command causes)133
519.32 Q F2(ed)2.5 E F0(to e)2.5 E 2.5(xit. No)-.15 F
(automatic write of a f)2.5 E(ile is done.)-.2 E -.834(\($\) r)108
535.36 R -.2(fi)2.5 G(lename).2 E .817(The read command reads in the gi)
133 546.36 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.317(nf).15 G .817
(ile after the addressed line.)-3.517 F .817(If no f)5.817 F .817
(ile name is gi)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .816(n, the re-).15 F 1.582
(membered f)133 557.36 R 1.582(ile name, if an)-.2 F 2.882 -.65(y, i)
-.15 H 4.082(su).65 G 1.582(sed \(see)-4.082 F F2(e)4.082 E F0(and)4.082
E F2(f)4.082 E F0 -.834(commands\) .)4.082 F 1.582(The remembered f)
6.582 F 1.582(ile name is not)-.2 F .228(changed unless `f)133 568.36 R
.228(ilename' is the v)-.2 F .228(ery f)-.15 F .228(irst f)-.2 F .228
(ile name mentioned.)-.2 F .227(Address `0' is le)5.228 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
2.727(lf).05 G(or)-2.727 E F2(r)2.727 E F0 .227(and causes)2.727 F .708
(the f)133 579.36 R .708(ile to be read at the be)-.2 F .708
(ginning of the b)-.15 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.708(.I)-.55 G 3.209(ft)
-5.708 G .709(he read is successful, the number of characters)-3.209 F
(read is typed.)133 590.36 Q(`)5 E F1(.)A F0 2.5('i)C 2.5(sl)-2.5 G
(eft at the last line read in from the f)-2.5 E(ile.)-.2 E(\()108 606.4
Q F1(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)s)2.5 G(/re)-1.666 E
(gular e)-.15 E 20(xpression/replacement/ or)-.15 F(,)-.4 E(\()108 617.4
Q F1(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 1.666(\)s)2.5 G(/re)-1.666 E
(gular e)-.15 E(xpression/replacement/g)-.15 E .704(The substitute comm\
and searches each addressed line for an occurrence of the specif)133
628.4 R .703(ied re)-.2 F .703(gular e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E 3.44
(pression. On)133 639.4 R .94(each line in which a match is found, all \
matched strings are replaced by the replace-)3.44 F .227(ment specif)133
650.4 R .227(ied, if the global replacement indicator `g' appears after\
 the command.)-.2 F .226(If the global indi-)5.226 F .084
(cator does not appear)133 661.4 R 2.584(,o)-.4 G .084(nly the f)-2.584
F .084(irst occurrence of the matched string is replaced.)-.2 F .085
(It is an error for the)5.084 F .038(substitution to f)133 672.4 R .037
(ail on all addressed lines.)-.1 F(An)5.037 E 2.537(yc)-.15 G .037
(haracter other than space or ne)-2.537 F .037(w-line may be used in-)
-.25 F .038(stead of `/' to delimit the re)133 683.4 R .038(gular e)-.15
F .038(xpression and the replacement.)-.15 F(`)5.038 E F1(.)A F0 2.538
('i)C 2.539(sl)-2.538 G .039(eft at the last line substituted.)-2.539 F
1.03(An ampersand `&' appearing in the replacement is replaced by the s\
tring matching the re)133 699.44 R 1.03(gular e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E 2.838
(pression. The)133 710.44 R .339(special meaning of `&' in this conte)
2.838 F .339(xt may be suppressed by preceding it by `\\'.)-.15 F .339
(As a)5.339 F .032(more general feature, the characters `\\)133 721.44 R
F2(n)A F0 .032(', where)B F2(n)2.532 E F0 .032
(is a digit, are replaced by the te)2.532 F .032(xt matched by the)-.15
F F2(n)2.532 E F0(-)A 2.5(-3)295.17 768.44 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(ED \( I \))72 58 R 187.902
(1/15/73 ED)190.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G .585(th re)133 105 R .585
(gular sube)-.15 F .585(xpression enclosed between `\\\(' and `\\\)'.)
-.15 F .586(When nested, parenthesized sube)5.586 F(xpressions)-.15 E
(are present,)133 116 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)2.5 E F0(is determine\
d by counting occurrences of `\\\(' starting from the left.)2.5 E 1.016
(Lines may be split by substituting ne)133 132.04 R 1.016
(w-line characters into them.)-.25 F 1.015(The ne)6.016 F 1.015
(w-line in the replacement)-.25 F
(string must be escaped by preceding it by `\\'.)133 143.04 Q(\()108
159.08 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)2.5 E F0(,)2.5 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 2.5(\)t)
2.5 G F1(a)A F0 .211(This command acts just lik)133 170.08 R 2.711(et)
-.1 G(he)-2.711 E F1(m)2.711 E F0 .212(command, e)2.712 F .212
(xcept that a cop)-.15 F 2.712(yo)-.1 G 2.712(ft)-2.712 G .212
(he addressed lines is placed after)-2.712 F(address)133 181.08 Q F1(a)
2.5 E F0(\(which may be 0\).)2.5 E(`)5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5('i)C 2.5(sl)-2.5
G(eft on the last line of the cop)-2.5 E -.65(y.)-.1 G -.834
(\(1,$\) v/re)108 197.12 R(gular e)-.15 E(xpression/command list)-.15 E
.539(This command is the same as the global command e)133 208.12 R .539
(xcept that the command list is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .538
(cuted with `).15 F F2(.)A F0(')A(initially set to e)133 219.12 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ry line).15 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(cept).2 E F0
(those matching the re)2.5 E(gular e)-.15 E(xpression.)-.15 E -.834
(\(1,$\) w)108 235.16 R -.2(fi)2.5 G(lename).2 E .363
(The write command writes the addressed lines onto the gi)133 246.16 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.863(nf).15 G 2.863(ile. If)-3.063 F .363(the f)2.863 F
.363(ile does not e)-.2 F .364(xist, it is cre-)-.15 F .274
(ated mode 666 \(readable and writeable by e)133 257.16 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.834(ryone\) .).15 F .274(The remembered f)5.274 F .273(ile name is)-.2
F F1(not)2.773 E F0 .273(changed un-)2.773 F .932(less `f)133 268.16 R
.932(ilename' is the v)-.2 F .932(ery f)-.15 F .932(irst f)-.2 F .932
(ile name mentioned.)-.2 F .932(If no f)5.932 F .933(ile name is gi)-.2
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .933(n, the remembered f).15 F(ile)-.2 E .808
(name, if an)133 279.16 R 2.108 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 3.308(su).65 G .808
(sed \(see)-3.308 F F1(e)3.308 E F0(and)3.308 E F1(f)3.308 E F0 -.834
(commands\) .)3.308 F(`)5.808 E F2(.)A F0 3.308('i)C 3.308(su)-3.308 G
3.308(nchanged. If)-3.308 F .808(the command is successful, the)3.308 F
(number of characters written is typed.)133 290.16 Q -.834(\($\) =)108
306.2 R(The line number of the addressed line is typed.)133 317.2 Q(`)5
E F2(.)A F0 2.5('i)C 2.5(su)-2.5 G(nchanged by this command.)-2.5 E
(!UNIX command)108 333.24 Q 1.118(The remainder of the line after the `\
!' is sent to UNIX to be interpreted as a command.)133 344.24 R(`)6.119
E F2(.)A F0 3.619('i)C 3.619(su)-3.619 G(n-)-3.619 E(changed.)133 355.24
Q(\()108 371.28 Q F2(.)2.5 E F0(+1 \))A(<ne)1.666 E(wline>)-.25 E .062
(An address alone on a line causes the addressed line to be printed.)133
382.28 R 2.562(Ab)5.062 G .062(lank line alone is equi)-2.562 F -.25(va)
-.25 G .062(lent to).25 F(`.+1p'; it is useful for stepping through te)
133 393.28 Q(xt.)-.15 E(If an interrupt signal \(ASCII DEL\))108 409.32
Q(is sent,)4.166 E F1(ed)2.5 E F0
(prints a `?' and returns to its command le)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15
E .935(Some size limitations: 512 characters per line, 256 characters p\
er global command list, 64 characters per)108 425.36 R -.2(fi)108 436.36
S 1.326(le name, and 128K characters in the temporary f).2 F 3.826
(ile. The)-.2 F 1.325(limit on the number of lines depends on the)3.826
F(amount of core: each line tak)108 447.36 Q(es 1 w)-.1 E(ord.)-.1 E/F3
8/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 465.56 Q F0
(/tmp/#, temporary; `#' is the process number \(in octal\).)108 476.56 Q
F3(DIA)72 494.76 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0
(`?' for errors in commands; `TMP' for temporary f)108 505.76 Q(ile o)
-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rflo).15 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3(SEE ALSO)72 523.96 Q
F0 2.5(AT)108 534.96 S(utorial Introduction to the ED T)-2.95 E -.15(ex)
-.7 G 2.5(tE).15 G(ditor \(B. W)-2.5 E 2.5(.K)-.92 G(ernighan\))-2.75 E
F3 -.08(BU)72 553.16 S(GS).08 E F0(The)108 564.16 Q F1(s)2.5 E F0
(command causes all marks to be lost on lines changed.)2.5 E 2.5(-3)
295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(EQN \( I \))72 58 R 180.682
(2/22/74 EQN)183.182 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(eqn)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(typeset mathematics)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(eqn)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([f)2.5 G(ile ] ...)-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Eqn)108 192.6 Q F0 .165(is a trof)2.665
F 2.665(f\()-.25 G .166(I\) preprocessor for typesetting mathematics on\
 the Graphics Systems phototypesetter)-2.665 F 5.166(.U)-.55 G(sage)
-5.166 E(is almost al)108 203.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E(eqn f)144 219.64
Q(ile ... | trof)-.2 E(f)-.25 E .203(If no f)108 235.68 R .202
(iles are specif)-.2 F(ied,)-.2 E F4(eqn)2.702 E F0 .202
(reads from the standard input.)2.702 F 2.702(Al)5.202 G .202(ine be)
-2.702 F .202(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.EQ')-.74 E 2.702('m)-.74 G .202
(arks the start of)-2.702 F .259
(an equation; the end of an equation is mark)108 246.68 R .259
(ed by a line be)-.1 F .26(ginning with `)-.15 F(`.EN')-.74 E 2.76
('. Neither)-.74 F .26(of these lines is al-)2.76 F .678(tered or def)
108 257.68 R .678(ined by)-.2 F F4(eqn,)3.178 E F0 .678(so you can def)
3.178 F .678(ine them yourself to get centering, numbering, etc.)-.2 F
.677(All other lines)5.677 F
(are treated as comments, and passed through untouched.)108 268.68 Q
.032(Spaces, tabs, ne)108 284.72 R .032
(wlines, braces, double quotes, tilde and circumfle)-.25 F 2.533(xa)-.15
G .033(re the only delimiters.)-2.533 F .033(Braces `)5.033 F(`{}')-.74
E 2.533('a)-.74 G(re)-2.533 E(used for grouping.)108 295.72 Q
(Use tildes `)5 E(`~')-.74 E 2.5('t)-.74 G 2.5(og)-2.5 G(et e)-2.5 E
(xtra spaces in an equation.)-.15 E .744
(Subscripts and superscripts are produced with the k)108 313.76 R -.15
(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds).1 E F3(sub)3.244 E F0(and)3.244 E F3(sup.)
3.244 E F0(Thus)5.744 E F4 3.244(xs)3.244 G .744(ub i)-3.244 F F0(mak)
3.244 E(es)-.1 E F4(x)4.014 E/F5 7/Times-Italic@0 SF(i).437 2 M F0(,)
.752 -2 M F4 3.244(as)3.244 G .743(ub i)-3.244 F .237(sup 2)108 329.67 R
F0(produces)2.737 E F4(a)3.067 E/F6 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(2).26 -4.2 M F5
(i)-3.493 6.5 M F0 2.737(,a)2.047 -2.3 O(nd)-2.737 E F4 2.737(es)2.737 G
.237(up {x sup 2 + y sup 2})-2.737 F F0(gi)2.737 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15
E F4(e)2.927 E F5(x).719 -4.2 M/F7 5/Times-Roman@0 SF(2).371 -2.59 M/F8
7/Symbol SF(+).35 2.59 M F5(y).518 E F7(2).224 -2.59 M F0 5.237(.F).85
6.79 O .237(ractions are made with)-5.237 F F3 -.1(ove)2.737 G -1(r.).1
G F4 2.738(ao)6.237 G .238(ver b)-2.838 F F0(is)2.738 E F4(a)4.268 -7 M
.4 LW 538.8 327.07 533.21 327.07 DL(b)533.525 336.67 Q F0(and)108 351.54
Q F4 2.5(1o)2.5 G(ver sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c})-2.6 E F0(is)2.5 E(1)28.854
-7 M/F9 11/Symbol SF 9.098 -6.039(\326` `)-30.154 16.327 P(```````)6.039
E F4(ax)-42.901 -.141 M F6(2).53 -2.8 M F2(+)2.7 2.8 M F4(bx)2.47 E F2
(+)2.73 E 310.059 348.94 254.75 348.94 DL F4(c)305.309 360.726 Q F0(.)
4.01 -9.186 M F3(sqrt)5 E F0(mak)2.5 E(es square roots.)-.1 E .122
(The k)108 381.06 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds).1 E F3(fr)2.622 E
(om)-.18 E F0(and)2.622 E F3(to)2.622 E F0 .122(introduce lo)2.622 F
.122(wer and upper limits on arbitrary things:)-.25 F F5(n)2.873 6 M F8
(-).168 E F6(>)A/F10 9.1/Symbol SF<a5>1.092 I F0(lim)-15.77 -7.092 M F5
(n)6.862 -9.648 M F6(0)-3.542 18.527 M/F11 15/Symbol SF(S)-6.19 -6.432 M
F4(x)2.47 -2.447 M F5(i).437 2 M F0 .121(is made with)3.373 -2 N F4(lim)
2.621 E(fr)108 400.537 Q .807(om {n-> inf} sum fr)-.45 F .807
(om 0 to n x sub i.)-.45 F F0 .807(Left and right brack)5.807 F .808
(ets, braces, etc., of the right height are made)-.1 F(with)108 422.637
Q F3(left)3.625 E F0(and)3.625 E F3(right:)3.625 E F4 1.125
(left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 o)3.625 F 1.125(ver alpha right ] ~=~1)-.1 F
F0(produces)3.624 E F2<e9>3.624 -8.35 M<ea>-3.84 10 M<eb>-3.84 10 M F4
(x).77 -11.65 M F6(2).53 -4.2 M F2(+)2.7 4.2 M F4(y)4.14 -7 M F6(2).32
-4.2 M 469.962 420.037 460.462 420.037 DL/F12 10/Symbol-Slanted SF(a)
461.502 429.637 Q F2<f9>4.04 -15.35 M<fa>-3.84 10 M<fb>-3.84 10 M(=)2.8
-11.65 M F0 3.624(1. The)2.8 F F3(right)3.624 E F0(clause is optional.)
108 444.537 Q -1.11(Ve)108 472.487 S 1.148
(rtical piles of things are made with)1.11 F F3 1.148
(pile, lpile, cpile,)3.648 F F0(and)3.648 E F3 -.1(rp)3.648 G(ile:).1 E
F4 1.149(pile {a abo)3.649 F 1.149(ve b abo)-.1 F 1.149(ve c})-.1 F F0
(produces)3.649 E F4(a)3.979 -14 M(b)-5.015 14 M(c)-4.795 14 M F0(.).63
-14 M .082(There can be an arbitrary number of elements in a pile.)108
496.097 R F3(lpile)5.082 E F0(left-justif)2.582 E(ies,)-.2 E F3(pile)
2.581 E F0(and)2.581 E F3(cpile)2.581 E F0(center)2.581 E 2.581(,w)-.4 G
.081(ith dif)-2.581 F(fer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E(ent v)108 509.097 Q
(ertical spacing, and)-.15 E F3 -.1(rp)2.5 G(ile).1 E F0(right justif)
2.5 E(ies.)-.2 E .289(Diacritical marks are made with)108 526.417 R F3
.289(dot, dotdot, hat, bar:)2.789 F F4 2.789(xd)2.789 G .29
(ot = f\(t\) bar)-2.789 F F0 2.156(is \224)2.79 F F4(x)-4.426 E 440.07
518.237 423.11 518.237 DL F2(=)414.82 526.417 Q F4(f)4.77 E F0(\()1.96 E
F4(t).13 E F0 2.79(\). Def).68 F .29(ault sizes and fonts)-.1 F
(can be changed with)108 538.417 Q F3(size n)2.5 E F0(and v)2.5 E
(arious of)-.25 E F3 -.18(ro)2.5 G(man, italic,).18 E F0(and)2.5 E F3
(bold.)2.5 E F0 -2.15 -.25(Ke y)108 558.764 T -.1(wo).25 G .579(rds lik)
.1 F(e)-.1 E F4(sum)3.079 E F0(\()3.079 E F11(S)2.447 I F0(\))-2.447 I
F4(int)3.079 E F0(\()3.079 E/F13 18/Symbol SF<f2>.936 4.681 M F0(\))
1.206 -4.681 M F4(inf)3.078 E F0(\()3.078 E/F14 13/Symbol SF<a5>1.56 I
F0 3.078(\)a)-1.56 K .578(nd shorthands lik)-3.078 F 3.078(e>)-.1 G
3.078(=\()-3.078 G F2<b3>-3.078 E F0(\))A F2(-)3.078 E F0 3.078(>\()C F2
(-)-3.078 E F0 .578(>\), != \()2.8 F F2<b9>A F0 .578
(\), are recognized.)B(Spell)5.578 E .188
(out Greek letters in the desired case, as in)108 573.871 R F4 .188
(alpha, GAMMA.)2.688 F F0 .188(Mathematical w)5.188 F .189(ords lik)-.1
F 2.689(es)-.1 G .189(in, cos, log are made)-2.689 F .163
(Roman automatically)108 585.871 R 5.163(.T)-.65 G(rof)-5.513 E 2.662
(f\()-.25 G .162(I\) four)-2.662 F .162(-character escapes lik)-.2 F
2.662(e\\)-.1 G 368.998 583.371 2.5 DC ST .162(\(ci \()349.456 585.871 R
2.662(\)c)6 G .162(an be used an)-2.662 F 2.662(ywhere. Strings)-.15 F
(enclosed)2.662 E(in double quotes "...")108 597.871 Q
(are passed through untouched.)5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 617.071 Q F0 2.68(AS)
108 629.071 S .18(ystem for T)-2.68 F .181
(ypesetting Mathematics \(Computer Science T)-.8 F .181
(echnical Report #17, Bell Laboratories, 1974.\))-.7 F(TR)108 641.071 Q
(OFF Users' Manual \(internal memorandum\))-.4 E(TR)108 653.071 Q
(OFF Made T)-.4 E(ri)-.35 E(vial \(internal memorandum\))-.25 E(trof)108
665.071 Q 2.5(f\()-.25 G(I\), neqn \(I\))-2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72 684.271 S
(GS).08 E F0(Undoubtedly)108 696.271 Q 5.604(.W)-.65 G .604
(atch out for small or lar)-6.404 F .604(ge point sizes)-.18 F F2(-)
3.104 E F0(it')3.104 E 3.103(st)-.55 G .603(uned too well for size 10.)
-3.103 F .603(Be cautious if in-)5.603 F(serting horizontal or v)108
707.271 Q(ertical motions, and of backslashes in general.)-.15 E 2.5(-3)
295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(EXIT \( I \))72 58 R 178.462
(3/15/72 EXIT)180.962 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0 -.15(ex)108 134.2 S(it).15 E/F2 10/Symbol SF
(-)5 E F0(terminate command f)5 E(ile)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(exit)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Exit)108 192.6 Q F0 .559(performs a)3.059 F F3(seek)
3.059 E F0 .559(to the end of its standard input f)3.059 F 3.06
(ile. Thus,)-.2 F .56(if it is in)3.06 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.06
(di).1 G .56(nside a f)-3.06 F .56(ile of commands,)-.2 F
(upon return from)108 203.6 Q F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it).2 E F0
(the shell will disco)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ra).15 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G
(nd-of-f)-2.5 E(ile and terminate.)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 221.8 Q F0
(if \(I\), goto \(I\), sh \(I\))108 232.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 251 S(GS).08 E
F0 2.5(-3)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(FC \( I \))72 58 R 189.002
(8/20/73 FC)191.502 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(fc)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0 -.15
(Fo)2.5 G(rtran compiler).15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(fc)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(c)A F0 2.5(]s)2.5 G -.2(fi)
-2.5 G(le1.f ... of).2 E(ile1 ...)-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Fc)108 192.6 Q F0(is the UNIX F)2.5 E
(ortran compiler)-.15 E 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ta)-5 G
(ccepts three types of ar)-2.5 E(guments:)-.18 E(Ar)108 208.64 Q .438
(guments whose names end with `.f)-.18 F 2.938('a).55 G .438
(re assumed to be F)-2.938 F .438(ortran source program units; the)-.15
F 2.938(ya)-.15 G .438(re compiled,)-2.938 F .894
(and the object program is left on the f)108 219.64 R .894(ile sf)-.2 F
.894(ile1.o \(i.e.)-.2 F .894(the f)5.894 F .895
(ile whose name is that of the source with `.o')-.2 F
(substituted for `.f)108 230.64 Q('\).).55 E .955(Other ar)108 246.68 R
.955(guments \(e)-.18 F .955(xcept for)-.15 F F2(-)3.455 E F3(c)A F0
3.455(\)a)C .955(re assumed to be either loader flags, or object progra\
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3.454 E F0 .954(run, or perhaps libraries of F)3.454 F .955
(ortran-compatible routines.)-.15 F .955(These programs, together)5.955
F .218(with the results of an)108 268.68 R 2.718(yc)-.15 G .218
(ompilations specif)-2.718 F .218(ied, are loaded \(in the order gi)-.2
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .217(n\) to produce an e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .217
(cutable pro-).15 F(gram with name)108 279.68 Q F3(a.out.)2.5 E F0(The)
108 295.72 Q F2(-)3.031 E F3(c)A F0(ar)3.031 E .531
(gument suppresses the loading phase, as does an)-.18 F 3.032(ys)-.15 G
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(he routines being com-)-3.032 F(piled.)108 306.72 Q(The follo)108
322.76 Q(wing is a list of dif)-.25 E(ferences between)-.25 E F4(fc)2.5
E F0(and ANSI standard F)2.5 E(ortran \(also see the B)-.15 E
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(xpressions. Not)-.15 F 1.376(all combinations are e)3.876 F 1.376
(xpected to be)-.15 F .109(supported at runtime.)128 349.8 R .109
(All of the normal con)5.109 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .109(rsions in).15 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G .109(lving inte).2 F(ger)-.15 E 2.609(,r)-.4 G .11
(eal, double precision and com-)-2.609 F(ple)128 360.8 Q 2.5(xa)-.15 G
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392.88 R 1.041(types doublecomple)3.541 F 1.041(x, logical*1, inte)-.15
F 1.041(ger*1, inte)-.15 F 1.041(ger*2, inte)-.15 F 1.041
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(and real*8 \(double precision\) are supported.)128 403.88 Q(4.)108
419.92 Q F3(&)12.5 E F0(as the f)2.5 E
(irst character of a line signals a continuation card.)-.2 E(5.)108
435.96 Q F3(c)12.5 E F0(as the f)2.5 E
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10(7. The)108 468.04 R(notion of `column 7' is not implemented.)2.5 E 10
(8. G-format)108 484.08 R .857(input is free form)3.357 F F2(-)A F0 .857
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(irst blank after the start of the number)-.2 F(terminates the f)128
495.08 Q(ield.)-.2 E 10(9. A)108 511.12 R(comma in an)2.5 E 2.5(yn)-.15
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F4(n)2.5 E F3(h)1.666 E F0(.)A .294
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E 7.5(108 e)108 520.44 R(xcessi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H
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23.96(onum T)3.174 F .674(rue if the f)-.35 F .674
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1.38
(cept that the generated command line is printed with a question mark)
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F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(b)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(c)A F0 2.5(][)
2.5 G F2(-)A F3(n)A F0 2.5(]e)2.5 G(xpression [ f)-2.65 E(ile ] ...)-.2
E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Gr)108 192.6 Q(ep)
-.37 E F0 .602(searches the input f)3.102 F .602
(iles \(standard input def)-.2 F .601(ault\) for lines matching the re)
-.1 F .601(gular e)-.15 F 3.101(xpression. Normally)-.15 F(,)-.65 E
1.157(each line found is copied to the standard output.)108 203.6 R
1.157(If the)6.157 F F2(-)3.658 E F3(v)A F0 1.158
(flag is used, all lines b)3.658 F 1.158(ut those matching are)-.2 F
2.825(printed. If)108 214.6 R(the)2.825 E F2(-)2.825 E F3(c)A F0 .324
(flag is used, only a count of matching lines is printed.)2.825 F .324
(If the)5.324 F F2(-)2.824 E F3(n)A F0 .324(flag is used, each line is)
2.824 F .289(preceded its relati)108 225.6 R .589 -.15(ve l)-.25 H .289
(ine number in the f).15 F 2.789(ile. If)-.2 F(the)2.789 E F2(-)2.789 E
F3(b)A F0 .29(flag is used, each line is preceded by the block num-)2.79
F(ber on which it w)108 236.6 Q(as found.)-.1 E
(This is sometimes useful in locating disk block numbers by conte)5 E
(xt.)-.15 E(In all cases the f)108 252.64 Q(ile name is sho)-.2 E
(wn if there is more than one input f)-.25 E(ile.)-.2 E -.15(Fo)108
268.68 S 2.736(rac).15 G .236(omplete description of the re)-2.736 F
.236(gular e)-.15 F .236(xpression, see ed \(I\).)-.15 F .235
(Care should be tak)5.235 F .235(en when using the char)-.1 F(-)-.2 E
.033(acters $ * [ ^ | \( \) and \\ in the re)108 279.68 R .033(gular e)
-.15 F .033(xpression as the)-.15 F 2.533(ya)-.15 G .033
(re also meaningful to the Shell.)-2.533 F .033(It is generally nec-)
5.033 F(essary to enclose the entire)108 290.68 Q F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2
E(ession)-.37 E F0(ar)2.5 E(gument in quotes.)-.18 E F1(SEE ALSO)72
308.88 Q F0(ed \(I\), sh \(I\))108 319.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 338.08 S(GS)
.08 E F0
(Lines are limited to 256 characters; longer lines are truncated.)108
349.08 Q 2.5(-4)295.17 767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(IF \( I \))72 58 R 194.842
(5/2/74 IF)197.342 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72
123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(if)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(conditional command)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(if)108 163.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pr command [ ar).15 E 2.5(g.)-.18 G
(.. ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(If)108
192.6 Q F0 -.25(eva)3.304 G .804(luates the e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F4
-.2(ex)3.304 G(pr).2 E(,)-1.11 E F0 .803(and if its v)3.304 F .803
(alue is true, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .803(cutes the gi).15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G(n).15 E F4(command)3.303 E F0 .803(with the gi)3.303 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.303(na).15 G -.18(rg)-3.303 G(u-).18 E(ments.)108 203.6 Q
(The follo)108 219.64 Q(wing primiti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sa).15 G
(re used to construct the)-2.5 E F4 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr:).2 E F2(-)108
235.68 Q F3(r)A F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G 36.94(le true).2 F(if the f)2.5 E(ile e)
-.2 E(xists and is readable.)-.15 E F2(-)108 251.72 Q F3(w)A F0 -.2(fi)
2.5 G 34.16(le true).2 F(if the f)2.5 E(ile e)-.2 E
(xists and is writable.)-.15 E(s1)108 267.76 Q F3(=)2.5 E F0 34.02
(s2 true)2.5 F(if the strings)2.5 E F4(s1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(s2)2.5 E
F0(are equal.)2.5 E(s1)108 283.8 Q F3(!=)2.5 E F0 30.69(s2 true)2.5 F
(if the strings)2.5 E F4(s1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(s2)2.5 E F0
(are not equal.)2.5 E F3({)108 299.84 Q F0(command)3.803 E F3(})3.803 E
F0 1.303(The brack)12.68 F 1.303(eted command is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
1.303(cuted to obtain the e).15 F 1.304(xit status.)-.15 F 1.304
(Status zero is considered)6.304 F F4(true)173 310.84 Q(.)-.15 E F0
(The command must not be another)5 E F4(if)2.5 E(.)-.15 E F0
(These primaries may be combined with the follo)108 326.88 Q
(wing operators:)-.25 E F3(!)108 342.92 Q F0(unary ne)61.67 E -.05(ga)
-.15 G(tion operator).05 E F2(-)108 358.96 Q F3(a)A F0(binary)54.51 E F4
(and)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E F2(-)108 375 Q F3(o)A F0(binary)54.51 E F4
(or)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E F3(\()108 391.04 Q F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(pr).15 E
F3(\))2.5 E F0(parentheses for grouping.)35.72 E F2(-)108 407.08 Q F3(a)
A F0 .598(has higher precedence than)3.098 F F2(-)3.097 E F3(o.)A F0
.597(Notice that all the operators and flags are separate ar)5.597 F
.597(guments to)-.18 F F4(if)3.097 E F0(and)3.097 E .301
(hence must be surrounded by spaces.)108 418.08 R .302
(Notice also that parentheses are meaningful to the Shell and must be)
5.302 F(escaped.)108 429.08 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 447.28 Q F0(sh \(I\), f)108
458.28 Q(ind \(I\))-.2 E F1 -.08(BU)72 476.48 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-4)
295.17 767 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(KILL \( I \))72 58 R 180.962
(2/8/75 KILL)183.462 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(kill)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(terminate a process)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(kill)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F0(signo ] processid ...)A F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 .209(Kills the specif)108 192.6 R .209
(ied processes.)-.2 F .209(The process number of each asynchronous proc\
ess started with `&' is report-)5.209 F(ed by the Shell.)108 203.6 Q
(Process numbers can also be found by using)5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(ps)2.5 E F0(\(I\).)2.5 E .594(If process number 0 is used, then all pr\
ocesses belonging to the current user and associated with the same)108
219.64 R(control type)108 230.64 Q(writer are killed.)-.25 E(The killed\
 process must belong to the current user unless he is the super)108
246.68 Q(-user)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .428(If a signal number preceded by `)108
262.72 R(`)-.74 E F2(-)A F0 1.908 -.74('' i)D 2.928(sg).74 G -2.15 -.25
(iv e)-2.928 H 2.928(na).25 G 2.928(sf)-2.928 G .428(irst ar)-3.128 F
.428(gument, that signal is sent instead of)-.18 F F4(kill)2.928 E F0
(\(see)2.928 E F4(signal)2.928 E(\(II\)\).)108 273.72 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72
291.92 Q F0(ps \(I\), sh \(I\), signal \(II\))108 302.92 Q F1 -.08(BU)72
321.12 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-4)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(LD \( I \))72 58 R 187.902
(8/16/73 LD)190.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ld)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(link editor)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ld)108
163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(sulxrdni)A F0 2.5(]n)2.5 G(ame ...)-2.5
E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ld)108 192.6 Q F0
.716(combines se)3.216 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .716
(ral object programs into one; resolv).15 F .716(es e)-.15 F .717
(xternal references; and searches libraries.)-.15 F .717(In the)5.717 F
.701(simplest case the names of se)108 203.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .701
(ral object programs are gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .701(n, and).15 F F4
(ld)3.2 E F0 .7(combines them, producing an object)3.2 F .118
(module which can be either e)108 214.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .118
(cuted or become the input for a further).15 F F4(ld)2.618 E F0 2.618
(run. \(In)2.618 F .118(the latter case, the)2.618 F F2(-)2.619 E F3(r)A
F0(op-)2.619 E .537(tion must be gi)108 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.037(nt)
.15 G 3.037(op)-3.037 G(reserv)-3.037 E 3.037(et)-.15 G .537
(he relocation bits.\))-3.037 F .537(The output of)5.537 F F4(ld)3.037 E
F0 .537(is left on)3.037 F F3(a.out.)3.036 E F0 .536(This f)5.536 F .536
(ile is made e)-.2 F(x-)-.15 E
(ecutable only if no errors occurred during the load.)108 236.6 Q .627
(The ar)108 252.64 R .627
(gument routines are concatenated in the order specif)-.18 F 3.128
(ied. The)-.2 F .628(entry point of the output is the be)3.128 F(gin-)
-.15 E(ning of the f)108 263.64 Q(irst routine.)-.2 E .78(If an)108
279.68 R 3.28(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.28 G .78(ument is a library).18 F
3.28(,i)-.65 G 3.28(ti)-3.28 G 3.28(ss)-3.28 G .78(earched e)-3.28 F .78
(xactly once at the point it is encountered in the ar)-.15 F .78
(gument list.)-.18 F .455(Only those routines def)108 290.68 R .455
(ining an unresolv)-.2 F .455(ed e)-.15 F .455
(xternal reference are loaded.)-.15 F .455
(If a routine from a library refer)5.455 F(-)-.2 E .608
(ences another routine in the library)108 301.68 R 3.108(,t)-.65 G .607
(he referenced routine must appear after the referencing routine in the)
-3.108 F(library)108 312.68 Q 5(.T)-.65 G
(hus the order of programs within libraries is important.)-5 E F4(Ld)108
328.72 Q F0 .403(understands se)2.902 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .403(ral flag ar)
.15 F .403(guments which are written preceded by a `)-.18 F F2(-)A F0
2.903('. Except)B(for)2.903 E F2(-)2.903 E F3(l)A F0 2.903(,t)C(he)
-2.903 E 2.903(ys)-.15 G .403(hould ap-)-2.903 F(pear before the f)108
339.72 Q(ile names.)-.2 E F2(-)108 355.76 Q F3(s)A F0 .579
(`squash' the output, that is, remo)10.62 F .879 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .579
(he symbol table and relocation bits to sa).15 F .879 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
.578(pace \(b).15 F .578(ut impair the)-.2 F(usefulness of the deb)128
366.76 Q 2.5(ugger\). This)-.2 F(information can also be remo)2.5 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(y)-2.5 E F4(strip.)2.5 E F2(-)108 382.8 Q F3(u)A
F0(tak)8.95 E 2.993(et)-.1 G .493(he follo)-2.993 F .493(wing ar)-.25 F
.493(gument as a symbol and enter it as undef)-.18 F .494
(ined in the symbol table.)-.2 F .494(This is useful)5.494 F .058
(for loading wholly from a library)128 393.8 R 2.558(,s)-.65 G .057
(ince initially the symbol table is empty and an unresolv)-2.558 F .057
(ed reference)-.15 F(is needed to force the loading of the f)128 404.8 Q
(irst routine.)-.2 E F2(-)108 420.84 Q F3(l)A F0 .841
(This option is an abbre)11.73 F .842(viation for a library name.)-.25 F
F2(-)5.842 E F3(l)A F0 .842
(alone stands for `/lib/liba.a', which is the stan-)3.342 F .08
(dard system library for assembly language programs.)128 431.84 R F2(-)
5.08 E F3(l)A F4(x)A F0 .08(stands for `/lib/lib)2.58 F F4(x)A F0 .08
(.a' where)B F4(x)2.58 E F0 .08(is an)2.58 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G(harac-)-2.58
E(ter)128 442.84 Q 5(.A)-.55 G(library is searched when its name is enc\
ountered, so the placement of a)-2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(l)A F0(is signif)
2.5 E(icant.)-.2 E F2(-)108 458.88 Q F3(x)A F0 1.197(do not preserv)9.51
F 3.698(el)-.15 G 1.198
(ocal \(non-.globl\) symbols in the output symbol table; only enter e)
-3.698 F 1.198(xternal symbols.)-.15 F(This option sa)128 469.88 Q -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.5(ss).15 G(ome space in the output f)-2.5 E(ile.)-.2 E F2(-)
108 485.92 Q F3(X)A F0(Sa)7.29 E .563 -.15(ve l)-.2 H .263
(ocal symbols e).15 F .263(xcept for those whose names be)-.15 F .263
(gin with `L)-.15 F 2.763('. This)-.92 F .263(option is used by)2.763 F
F4(cc)2.762 E F0 .262(to discard)2.762 F
(internally generated labels while retaining symbols local to routines.)
128 496.92 Q F2(-)108 512.96 Q F3(r)A F0 .39
(generate relocation bits in the output f)10.07 F .391
(ile so that it can be the subject of another)-.2 F F4(ld)2.891 E F0
2.891(run. This)2.891 F .391(flag also)2.891 F(pre)128 523.96 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G .82(nts f).15 F .82(inal def)-.2 F .82(initions from being gi)-.2
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.32(nt).15 G 3.32(oc)-3.32 G .82
(ommon symbols, and suppresses the `undef)-3.32 F .82(ined sym-)-.2 F
(bol' diagnostics.)128 534.96 Q F2(-)108 551 Q F3(d)A F0(force def)8.95
E(inition of common storage e)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)
-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(r)A F0(flag is present.)2.5 E F2(-)108
567.04 Q F3(n)A F0 .454(Arrange that when the output f)8.95 F .454
(ile is e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .454(cuted, the te).15 F .454
(xt portion will be read-only and shared among all)-.15 F .303(users e)
128 578.04 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuting the f).15 F 2.803(ile. This)-.2
F(in)2.803 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E .303(es mo)-.15 F .302
(ving the data areas up the the f)-.15 F .302(irst possible 4K w)-.2 F
.302(ord bound-)-.1 F(ary follo)128 589.04 Q(wing the end of the te)-.25
E(xt.)-.15 E F2(-)108 605.08 Q F3(i)A F0 .495(When the output f)11.73 F
.495(ile is e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted, the program te).15 F .495
(xt and data areas will li)-.15 F .796 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.996(ns).15 G
.496(eparate address spaces.)-2.996 F(The only dif)128 616.08 Q
(ference between this option and)-.25 E F3<ad6e>2.5 E F0
(is that here the data starts at location 0.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72 634.28 Q
F0 5(/lib/lib?.a libraries)108 645.28 R 5(a.out output)108 656.28 R -.2
(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 674.48 Q F0(as \(I\), ar \(I\))108
685.48 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 703.68 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-4)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(LN \( I \))72 58 R 187.902
(3/15/72 LN)190.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ln)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(mak)5 E
2.5(eal)-.1 G(ink)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(ln)108 163.4 Q F0(name1 [ name2 ])2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0
2.804(Al)108 192.6 S .304(ink is a directory entry referring to a f)
-2.804 F .304(ile; the same f)-.2 F .304
(ile \(together with its size, all its protection informa-)-.2 F .254
(tion, etc\) may ha)108 203.6 R .554 -.15(ve s)-.2 H -2.15 -.25(ev e).15
H .254(ral links to it.).25 F .254(There is no w)5.254 F .254
(ay to distinguish a link to a f)-.1 F .254
(ile from its original direc-)-.2 F(tory entry; an)108 214.6 Q 2.5(yc)
-.15 G(hanges in the f)-2.5 E(ile are ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15
(ve i)-.25 H(ndependently of the name by which the f).15 E(ile is kno)
-.2 E(wn.)-.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ln)108 230.64 Q F0 .266
(creates a link to an e)2.766 F .266(xisting f)-.15 F(ile)-.2 E F4
(name1.)2.766 E F0(If)5.266 E F4(name2)2.766 E F0 .266(is gi)2.766 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .265(n, the link has that name; otherwise it is placed)
.15 F(in the current directory and its name is the last component of)108
241.64 Q F4(name1.)2.5 E F0
(It is forbidden to link to a directory or to link across f)108 257.68 Q
(ile systems.)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 275.88 Q F0(rm \(I\))108 286.88 Q F1
-.08(BU)72 305.08 S(GS).08 E F0 .514
(There is nothing particularly wrong with)108 316.08 R F4(ln,)3.014 E F0
-.2(bu)3.014 G(t).2 E F4(tp)3.014 E F0(doesn')3.014 E 3.014(tu)-.18 G
.514(nderstand about links and mak)-3.014 F .514(es one cop)-.1 F 3.015
(yf)-.1 G(or)-3.015 E .582(each name by which a f)108 327.08 R .582
(ile is kno)-.2 F .582(wn; thus if the tape is e)-.25 F .582
(xtracted se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .582
(ral copies are restored and the infor).15 F(-)-.2 E
(mation that links were in)108 338.08 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E
(ed is lost.)-.15 E 2.5(-4)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(LOGIN \( I \))72 58 R 170.132
(3/15/72 LOGIN)172.632 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(login)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(sign onto UNIX)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(login)
108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([u)2.5 G(sername ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q
F0(The)108 192.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(lo)2.741 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .241
(command is used when a user initially signs onto UNIX, or it may be us\
ed at an)2.741 F 2.742(yt)-.15 G .242(ime to change)-2.742 F .858
(from one user to another)108 203.6 R 5.857(.T)-.55 G .857
(he latter case is the one summarized abo)-5.857 F 1.157 -.15(ve a)-.15
H .857(nd described here.).15 F .857(See `Ho)5.857 F 3.357(wt)-.25 G(o)
-3.357 E(Get Started' for ho)108 214.6 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(od)-2.5 G
(ial up initially)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(If)108 230.64 Q F4(lo)2.563 E(gin)-.1
E F0 .063(is in)2.563 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.563(dw).1 G .063
(ithout an ar)-2.563 F .063
(gument, it asks for a user name, and, if appropriate, a passw)-.18 F
2.564(ord. Echoing)-.1 F(is)2.564 E .44(turned of)108 241.64 R 2.94(f\()
-.25 G .44(if possible\) during the typing of the passw)-2.94 F .44
(ord, so it will not appear on the written record of the)-.1 F(session.)
108 252.64 Q .336(After a successful login, accounting f)108 268.68 R
.337(iles are updated and the user is informed of the e)-.2 F .337
(xistence of and mes-)-.15 F .859(sage-of-the-day f)108 279.68 R(iles.)
-.2 E F4(Lo)5.859 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .859
(initializes the user and group IDs and the w)3.359 F .858
(orking directory)-.1 F 3.358(,t)-.65 G .858(hen e)-3.358 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .858(cutes a).15 F(command interpreter \(usually)108 290.68 Q F4(sh)
2.5 E F0(\(I\)\) according to specif)2.5 E(ications found in a passw)-.2
E(ord f)-.1 E(ile.)-.2 E(Login is recognized by the Shell and e)108
306.72 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted directly \(without forking\).).15 E F1
(FILES)72 324.92 Q F0 31.72(/etc/utmp accounting)108 335.92 R 8.94
(/usr/adm/wtmp accounting)108 346.92 R 49.22(.mail mail)108 357.92 R
31.72(/etc/motd message-of-the-day)108 368.92 R 22.84(/etc/passwd passw)
108 379.92 R(ord f)-.1 E(ile)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 398.12 Q F0
(init \(VIII\), getty \(VIII\), mail \(I\), passwd \(I\), passwd \(V\))
108 409.12 Q F1(DIA)72 427.32 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 .417
(`login incorrect,)108 438.32 R 2.917('i)-.7 G 2.917(ft)-2.917 G .417
(he name or the passw)-2.917 F .417(ord is bad.)-.1 F .417(`No Shell,)
5.417 F .417(', `cannot open passw)-.7 F .417(ord f)-.1 F(ile,)-.2 E
2.917('`)-.7 G .418(no directo-)-2.917 F
(ry': consult a UNIX programming counselor)108 449.32 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.08
(BU)72 467.52 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-4)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(LS \( I \))72 58 R 189.562
(3/20/74 LS)192.062 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ls)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(list contents of directory)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(ls)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(ltasdruifg)A F0
2.5(]n)2.5 G(ame ...)-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 -.15(Fo)108
192.6 S 2.594(re).15 G .094(ach directory ar)-2.594 F(gument,)-.18 E/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ls)2.594 E F0 .093
(lists the contents of the directory; for each f)2.594 F .093(ile ar)-.2
F(gument,)-.18 E F4(ls)2.593 E F0 .093(repeats its name)2.593 F .37
(and an)108 203.6 R 2.87(yo)-.15 G .37(ther information requested.)-2.87
F .37(The output is sorted alphabetically by def)5.37 F 2.87(ault. When)
-.1 F .37(no ar)2.87 F .37(gument is)-.18 F(gi)108 214.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G .554(n, the current directory is listed.).15 F .554(When se)5.554 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .554(ral ar).15 F .554(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25
G .554(n, the ar).15 F .553(guments are f)-.18 F .553(irst sorted ap-)
-.2 F(propriately)108 225.6 Q 2.5(,b)-.65 G(ut f)-2.7 E(ile ar)-.2 E
(guments appear before directories and their contents.)-.18 E
(There are se)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral options:).15 E F2(-)108 241.64 Q F3
(l)A F0 .738(list in long format, gi)11.73 F .739
(ving mode, number of links, o)-.25 F(wner)-.25 E 3.239(,s)-.4 G .739
(ize in bytes, and time of last modif)-3.239 F(ication)-.2 E .551
(for each f)128 252.64 R 3.051(ile. \(See)-.2 F(belo)3.051 E -.65(w.)
-.25 G 5.551(\)I).65 G 3.051(ft)-5.551 G .551(he f)-3.051 F .551
(ile is a special f)-.2 F .55(ile the size f)-.2 F .55
(ield will instead contain the major and)-.2 F(minor de)128 263.64 Q
(vice numbers.)-.25 E F2(-)108 279.68 Q F3(t)A F0(sort by time modif)
11.18 E(ied \(latest f)-.2 E(irst\) instead of by name, as is normal)-.2
E F2(-)108 295.72 Q F3(a)A F0(list all entries; usually those be)9.51 E
(ginning with `)-.15 E F3(.)A F0 2.5('a)C(re suppressed)-2.5 E F2(-)108
311.76 Q F3(s)A F0(gi)10.62 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
(ize in blocks for each entry).15 E F2(-)108 327.8 Q F3(d)A F0 .561
(if ar)8.95 F .561(gument is a directory)-.18 F 3.061(,l)-.65 G .561
(ist only its name, not its contents \(mostly used with)-3.061 F F2(-)
3.062 E F3(l)A F0 .562(to get status on di-)3.062 F(rectory\))128 338.8
Q F2(-)108 354.84 Q F3(r)A F0(re)10.07 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rse the order of sort to get re).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rse alphabetic or oldest f).15 E(irst as appropriate)-.2 E F2(-)108
370.88 Q F3(u)A F0(use time of last access instead of last modif)8.95 E
(ication for sorting \()-.2 E F2(-)A F3(t)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rp)-2.5 G
(rinting \()-2.5 E F2(-)A F3(l)A F0(\))A F2(-)108 386.92 Q F3(i)A F0
(print i-number in f)11.73 E(irst column of the report for each f)-.2 E
(ile listed)-.2 E F2(-)108 402.96 Q F3(f)A F0 .465(force each ar)11.18 F
.465(gument to be interpreted as a directory and list the name found in\
 each slot.)-.18 F .465(This option)5.465 F .238(turns of)128 413.96 R
(f)-.25 E F2(-)2.738 E F3(l,)A F2(-)2.738 E F3(t,)A F2(-)2.738 E F3(s,)A
F0(and)2.738 E F2(-)2.738 E F3 -.92(r,)C F0 .238(and turns on)3.658 F F2
(-)2.739 E F3(a;)A F0 .239
(the order is the order in which entries appear in the direc-)2.739 F
(tory)128 424.96 Q(.)-.65 E F3<ad67>108 441 Q F0(Gi)9.3 E .3 -.15(ve g)
-.25 H(roup ID instead of o).15 E(wner ID in long listing.)-.25 E .084
(The mode printed under the)108 457.04 R F2(-)2.584 E F3(l)A F0 .083
(option contains 11 characters which are interpreted as follo)2.584 F
.083(ws: the f)-.25 F .083(irst char)-.2 F(-)-.2 E(acter is)108 468.04 Q
F3(d)108 484.08 Q F0(if the entry is a directory;)9.44 E F3(b)108 495.08
Q F0(if the entry is a block-type special f)9.44 E(ile;)-.2 E F3(c)108
506.08 Q F0(if the entry is a character)10.56 E(-type special f)-.2 E
(ile;)-.2 E F2(-)108 517.08 Q F0(if the entry is a plain f)9.51 E(ile.)
-.2 E .684(The ne)108 533.12 R .685
(xt 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits each.)-.15
F .685(The f)5.685 F .685(irst set refers to o)-.2 F .685(wner permis-)
-.25 F .688(sions; the ne)108 544.12 R .688
(xt to permissions to others in the same user)-.15 F .687
(-group; and the last to all others.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.687 G .687
(thin each set).4 F .83
(the three characters indicate permission respecti)108 555.12 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .831(ly to read, to write, or to e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .831
(cute the f).15 F .831(ile as a program.)-.2 F -.15(Fo)108 566.12 S
3.134(rad).15 G(irectory)-3.134 E 3.134(,`)-.65 G -.15(exe)-3.134 G .634
(cute' permission is interpreted to mean permission to search the direc\
tory for a speci-).15 F -.2(fi)108 577.12 S(ed f).2 E 2.5(ile. The)-.2 F
(permissions are indicated as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3(r)108 593.16 Q
F0(if the f)10.56 E(ile is readable)-.2 E F3(w)108 604.16 Q F0(if the f)
7.78 E(ile is writable)-.2 E F3(x)108 615.16 Q F0(if the f)10 E
(ile is e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E F2(-)108 626.16 Q F0
(if the indicated permission is not granted)9.51 E .742(The group-e)108
642.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .742(cute permission character is gi).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.242(na).15 G(s)-3.242 E F3(s)3.242 E F0 .743(if the f)3.242
F .743(ile has set-group-ID mode; lik)-.2 F -.25(ew)-.1 G .743
(ise the user).25 F(-)-.2 E -.15(exe)108 653.2 S
(cute permission character is gi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G(s)
-2.5 E F3(s)2.5 E F0(if the f)2.5 E(ile has set-user)-.2 E(-ID mode.)-.2
E .102(The last character of the mode is normally blank b)108 669.24 R
.102(ut is printed as `)-.2 F(`t')-.74 E 2.602('i)-.74 G 2.602(ft)-2.602
G .102(he 1000 bit of the mode is on.)-2.602 F(See)5.102 E F4 -.15(ch)
108 680.24 S(mod \(I\)).15 E F0(for the current meaning of this mode.)
2.5 E F1(FILES)72 698.44 Q F0(/etc/passwd to get user ID')108 709.44 Q
2.5(sf)-.55 G(or)-2.5 E F3(ls)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(l)A F0(.)A 2.5(-4)
295.17 767 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(LS \( I \))72 58 R 189.562
(3/20/74 LS)192.062 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.08(BU)
72 105 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-4)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MAIL \( I \))72 58 R 175.682
(2/21/75 MAIL)178.182 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mail)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(send mail to designated users)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(mail)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255yn)2.5 E F0 2.5(][p)
2.5 G(erson ... ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(Mail)108 192.6 Q F0 .042(with no ar)2.542 F .042
(gument searches for a f)-.18 F .042
(ile called prints it if it is nonempty)-.2 F 2.542(,t)-.65 G .043
(hen asks if it should be sa)-2.542 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.543(d. If).15 F
.813(the answer is)108 203.6 R F3 -.55(y,)3.313 G F0 .813
(the mail is added to)3.863 F F4(mbox.)3.313 E F0 .812
(Finally is truncated to zero length.)5.813 F 2.412 -.8(To l)5.812 H(ea)
.8 E 1.112 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .812(he mailbox un-).15 F
(touched, hit `delete.)108 214.6 Q 5('T)-.7 G
(he question can be answered on the command line with the ar)-5 E
(gument `\255y' or `\255n'.)-.18 E(When)108 230.64 Q F4(per)2.558 E
(sons)-.1 E F0 .058(are named,)2.558 F F4(mail)2.558 E F0(tak)2.558 E
.059(es the standard input up to an end of f)-.1 F .059
(ile and adds it to each)-.2 F F4(per)2.559 E(son')-.1 E(s)-.4 E F0 -.2
(fi)2.559 G(le.).2 E(The message is preceded by the sender')108 241.64 Q
2.5(sn)-.55 G(ame and a postmark.)-2.5 E(A)108 257.68 Q F4(per)2.645 E
(son)-.1 E F0 .145(is either a user name recognized by)2.645 F F4(lo)
2.644 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .144
(\(I\), in which case the mail is sent to the def)2.644 F .144(ault w)
-.1 F(orking)-.1 E
(directory of that user; or the path name of a directory)108 268.68 Q
2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5(nw)-2.5 G(hich case in that directory is used.)-2.5 E
1.163(When a user logs in he is informed of the presence of mail.)108
284.72 R 1.164(No mail will be recei)6.163 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.664(df).15
G 1.164(rom a sender to)-3.664 F(whom is inaccessible or unwritable.)108
295.72 Q F1(FILES)72 313.92 Q F0 22.84(/etc/passwd to)108 324.92 R
(identify sender and locate persons)2.5 E 31.72(/etc/utmp to)108 335.92
R(identify sender)2.5 E 49.22(.mail input)108 346.92 R(mail)2.5 E 46.72
(mbox sa)108 357.92 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(dm).15 G(ail)-2.5 E -.4
(/tmp/m# temp)108 368.92 R -.2(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 387.12 Q
F0(write \(I\))108 398.12 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 416.32 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-5)
295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MAN \( I \))72 58 R 177.902
(8/20/73 MAN)180.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(man)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(run of)2.5 E 2.5(fs)-.25 G(ection of UNIX manual)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(man)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([s)2.5 G
(ection ] [ title ... ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Man)108 192.6 Q F0 .689(is a shell command f)3.189 F
.688(ile which locates and prints one or more sections of this manual.)
-.2 F F4(Section)5.688 E F0 .688(is the)3.188 F .444(section number of \
the manual, as an Arabic not Roman numeral, and is optional.)108 203.6 R
F4 -.55(Ti)5.444 G(tle).55 E F0 .445(is one or more sec-)2.944 F .393(t\
ion names; these names bear a generally simple relation to the page cap\
tions in the manual.)108 214.6 R .392(If the)5.392 F F4(section)2.892 E
F0(is missing,)108 225.6 Q F3(1)2.5 E F0(is assumed.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)5 G
2.5(re).15 G(xample,)-2.65 E F3(man man)144 241.64 Q F0 -.1(wo)108
257.68 S(uld reproduce this page.).1 E F1(FILES)72 275.88 Q F0
(/usr/man/man?/*)108 286.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 305.08 S(GS).08 E F0 .329(T\
he manual is supposed to be reproducible either on the phototypesetter \
or on a type)108 316.08 R(writer)-.25 E 5.33(.H)-.55 G -.25(ow)-5.33 G
-2.15 -.25(ev e).25 H 1.13 -.4(r, o).25 H 2.83(na).4 G(type)108 327.08 Q
(writer some information is necessarily lost.)-.25 E 2.5(-5)295.17 767 S
2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MESG \( I \))72 58 R 173.452
(3/15/72 MESG)175.952 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mesg)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(permit or den)5 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(essages)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q
/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mesg)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)
2.5 G F3(y)A F0(])2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(Mesg)108 192.6 Q F0 1.53(with ar)4.03 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)4.03 E F0
1.53(forbids messages via)4.03 F F4(write)4.03 E F0 1.53(by re)4.03 F
-.2(vo)-.25 G 1.53(king non-user write permission on the user').2 F(s)
-.55 E(type)108 203.6 Q(writer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F4(Mesg)5.98 E F0 .98
(with ar)3.48 F(gument)-.18 E F3(y)3.48 E F0 .981
(reinstates permission.)3.481 F .981(All by itself,)5.981 F F4(mesg)
3.481 E F0(re)3.481 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .981(rses the current permis-).15 F
2.5(sion. In)108 214.6 R(all cases the pre)2.5 E
(vious state is reported.)-.25 E F1(FILES)72 232.8 Q F0(/de)108 243.8 Q
(v/tty?)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 262 Q F0(write \(I\))108 273 Q F1(DIA)72
291.2 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0(`?' if the standard input f)108 302.2 Q
(ile is not a type)-.2 E(writer)-.25 E F1 -.08(BU)72 320.4 S(GS).08 E F0
2.5(-5)295.17 767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MKDIR \( I \))72 58 R 167.902
(3/15/72 MKDIR)170.402 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mkdir)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(mak)5 E 2.5(ead)-.1 G(irectory)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(mkdir)108 163.4 Q F0(dirname ...)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)
72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Mkdir)108 192.6 Q F0(creates specif)
2.5 E(ied directories in mode 777.)-.2 E(The standard entries `)5 E F3
(.)A F0 2.5('a)C(nd `)-2.5 E F3(..)A F0 2.5('a)C(re made automatically)
-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 210.8 Q F0(rmdir \(I\))108 221.8 Q F1
-.08(BU)72 240 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-5)295.17 767 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MV \( I \))72 58 R 185.122
(8/20/73 MV)187.622 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mv)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(mo)5 E .3
-.15(ve o)-.15 H 2.5(rr).15 G(ename a f)-2.5 E(ile)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mv)108 163.4 Q F0(name1 name2)2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Mv)108 192.6 Q F0 .628
(changes the name of)3.128 F F4(name1)3.128 E F0(to)3.128 E F4(name2.)
3.128 E F0(If)5.627 E F4(name2)3.127 E F0 .627(is a directory)3.127 F(,)
-.65 E F4(name1)3.127 E F0 .627(is mo)3.127 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.127(dt)
.15 G 3.127(ot)-3.127 G .627(hat directory with)-3.127 F(its original f)
108 203.6 Q 2.5(ile-name. Directories)-.2 F(may only be mo)2.5 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G
(ithin the same parent directory \(just renamed\).)-2.5 E(If)108 219.64
Q F4(name2)2.965 E F0 .465(already e)2.965 F .465(xists, it is remo)-.15
F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(db).15 G(efore)-2.965 E F4(name1)2.965 E F0 .466
(is renamed.)2.966 F(If)5.466 E F4(name2)2.966 E F0 .466
(has a mode which forbids writ-)2.966 F(ing,)108 230.64 Q F4(mv)3.452 E
F0 .951(prints the mode and reads the standard input to obtain a line; \
if the line be)3.452 F .951(gins with)-.15 F F3 -.55(y,)3.451 G F0 .951
(the mo)4.001 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(tak)108 241.64 Q(es place; if not,)-.1 E
F4(mv)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(its.).15 E(If)108 257.68 Q F4(name2)2.89 E
F0 -.1(wo)2.89 G .39(uld lie on a dif).1 F .39(ferent f)-.25 F .391
(ile system, so that a simple rename is impossible,)-.2 F F4(mv)2.891 E
F0 .391(copies the f)2.891 F .391(ile and)-.2 F(deletes the original.)
108 268.68 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 286.88 S(GS).08 E F0(It should tak)108 297.88
Q 2.5(ea)-.1 G F2(-)A F3(f)A F0(flag, lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F4(rm,)2.5 E F0
(to suppress the question if the tar)2.5 E(get e)-.18 E
(xists and is not writable.)-.15 E 2.5(-5)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(NEQN \( I \))72 58 R 173.462
(4/30/74 NEQN)175.962 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(neqn)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(typeset mathematics on terminal)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(neqn)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([f)2.5 G(ile ] ...)-2.7 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Neqn)108 192.6 Q F0 .006
(is an nrof)2.506 F 2.506(f\()-.25 G .006(I\) preprocessor)-2.506 F
5.006(.T)-.55 G .005
(he input language is the same as that of eqn \(I\).)-5.006 F .005
(Normal usage is almost)5.005 F(al)108 203.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E
(neqn f)144 219.64 Q(ile ... | nrof)-.2 E(f)-.25 E .608
(Output is meant for terminals with forw)108 235.68 R .609(ard and re)
-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .609
(rse capabilities, such as the Model 37 teletype or GSI).15 F(terminal.)
108 246.68 Q(If no ar)108 262.72 Q(guments are specif)-.18 E(ied,)-.2 E
F4(neqn)2.5 E F0(reads the standard input, so it may be used as a f)2.5
E(ilter)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 280.92 Q F0(eqn \(I\), gsi \(VI\))
108 291.92 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 310.12 S(GS).08 E F0 .842
(Because of some interactions with)108 321.12 R F4(nr)3.342 E(of)-.45 E
(f)-.18 E F0 .842(there may not al)3.342 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .842
(ys be enough space left before and after lines).1 F
(containing equations.)108 332.12 Q 2.5(-5)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(NEWGRP \( I \))72 58 R 161.512
(4/8/75 NEWGRP)164.012 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ne)108 134.2 Q(wgrp)-.25 E/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)
2.5 E F0(log in to a ne)2.5 E 2.5(wg)-.25 G(roup)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(newgr)108 163.4 Q(p)-.1 E F0(group)2.5 E
F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ne)108 192.6 Q(wgrp)
-.15 E F0 1.893(changes the group identif)4.393 F 1.893
(ication of its caller)-.2 F 4.394(,a)-.4 G 1.894(nalogously to)-4.394 F
F4(lo)4.394 E(gin.)-.1 E F0 1.894(The same person remains)6.894 F 1.002
(logged in, and the current directory is unchanged, b)108 203.6 R 1.001
(ut calculations of access permissions to f)-.2 F 1.001(iles are per)-.2
F(-)-.2 E(formed with respect to the ne)108 214.6 Q 2.5(wg)-.25 G
(roup ID.)-2.5 E 2.5(Ap)108 230.64 S(assw)-2.5 E
(ord is demanded if the group has a passw)-.1 E
(ord and the user himself does not.)-.1 E(When most users log in, the)
108 246.68 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re members of the group named `other)-2.5 E
-.7(.')-.55 G F1(FILES)72 264.88 Q F0(/etc/group, /etc/passwd)108 275.88
Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 294.08 Q F0(login \(I\), group \(V\))108 305.08 Q F1
-.08(BU)72 323.28 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-5)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(NICE \( I \))72 58 R 180.402
(2/8/75 NICE)182.902 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(nice)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(run a command at lo)2.5 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(riority)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nice)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad>2.5 E/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(number)A F0 2.5(]c)2.5 G(ommand [ ar)-2.5 E
(guments ])-.18 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F4(Nice)108 192.6 Q F0 -.15
(exe)2.653 G(cutes).15 E F4(command)2.653 E F0 .153(with lo)2.653 F
2.653(ws)-.25 G .153(cheduling priority)-2.653 F 5.153(.I)-.65 G 2.653
(fan)-5.153 G .153(umerical ar)-2.653 F .153(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .153(n, that priority \(in the).15 F
(range 1-20\) is used; if not, priority 4 is used.)108 203.6 Q 1.938
(The super)108 219.64 R 1.937
(-user may run commands with priority higher than normal by using a ne)
-.2 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.237 -.15(ve p)-.25 H(riority).15 E 4.437
(,e)-.65 G(.g.)-4.437 E(`\255\25510'.)108 230.64 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 248.84
Q F0(nohup \(I\), nice \(II\))108 259.84 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 278.04 S(GS).08
E F0 2.5(-5)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(NM \( I \))72 58 R 185.122
(8/20/73 NM)187.622 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(nm)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(print name list)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nm)108
163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255cnrupg)2.5 E F0 2.5(][n)2.5 G(ame ])-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Nm)108 192.6 Q F0 .689
(prints the symbol table from the output f)3.188 F .689
(ile of an assembler or loader run.)-.2 F .689(Each symbol name is pre-)
5.689 F .632(ceded by its v)108 203.6 R .632(alue \(blanks if undef)-.25
F .632(ined\) and one of the letters)-.2 F F3(U)3.132 E F0(\(undef)3.131
E(ined\))-.2 E F3(A)3.131 E F0(\(absolute\))3.131 E F3(T)3.131 E F0
(\(te)3.131 E .631(xt se)-.15 F(gment)-.15 E(symbol\),)108 214.6 Q F3(D)
2.571 E F0 .071(\(data se)2.571 F .071(gment symbol\),)-.15 F F3(B)2.571
E F0 .071(\(bss se)2.571 F .071(gment symbol\), or)-.15 F F3(C)2.571 E
F0 .071(\(common symbol\).)2.571 F .072(If the symbol is local)5.071 F
(\(non-e)108 225.6 Q(xternal\) the type letter is in lo)-.15 E
(wer case.)-.25 E(The output is sorted alphabetically)5 E(.)-.65 E
(If no f)108 241.64 Q(ile is gi)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, the symbols in)
.15 E F3(a.out)2.5 E F0(are listed.)2.5 E(Options are:)108 257.68 Q F3
<ad63>108 273.72 Q F0(list only C-style e)9.86 E
(xternal symbols, that is those be)-.15 E .4 LW 434.91 276.22 429.91
276.22 DL(ginning with underscore `)326.87 273.72 Q('.)5 E F3<ad67>108
289.76 Q F0(print only global \(e)9.3 E(xternal\) symbols)-.15 E F3
<ad6e>108 305.8 Q F0(sort by v)8.74 E(alue instead of by name)-.25 E F3
<ad70>108 321.84 Q F0(don')8.74 E 2.5(ts)-.18 G
(ort; print in symbol-table order)-2.5 E F3<ad72>108 337.88 Q F0
(sort in re)9.86 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse order).15 E F3<ad75>108 353.92 Q
F0(print only undef)8.74 E(ined symbols.)-.2 E F1(FILES)72 372.12 Q F0
(a.out)108 383.12 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 401.32 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-5)295.17 767
S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(NOHUP \( I \))72 58 R 166.792
(11/1/73 NOHUP)169.292 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(nohup)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(run a command immune to hangups)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(nohup)108 163.4 Q F0(command [ ar)2.5 E(guments ])-.18
E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Nohup)108 192.6 Q F0
-.15(exe)2.5 G(cutes).15 E F4(command)2.5 E F0
(with hangups, quits and interrupts all ignored.)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72
210.8 Q F0(nice \(I\), signal \(II\))108 221.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 240 S(GS)
.08 E F0 2.5(-5)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(NR)72 58 Q -.834(OFF \( I \))-.4 F
169.402(4/15/75 NR)171.902 F -.834(OFF \( I \))-.4 F/F1 8/Times-Bold@0
SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(nrof)108 134.2 Q(f)-.25 E/F2 10/Symbol
SF(-)5 E F0(format te)5 E(xt)-.15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(nr)108 163.4 Q(off)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(+)2.5 E/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3
<ad6e>A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3<ad72>A F4(an)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3
<ad6d>A F4(x)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(s)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3
(h)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(q)A F0 2.5(]f)2.5 G(iles)-2.7 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F4(Nr)108 192.6 Q(of)-.45 E(f)-.18 E F0 .242
(formats te)2.742 F .242
(xt according to control lines embedded in the te)-.15 F .242(xt f)-.15
F(iles.)-.2 E F4(Nr)5.242 E(of)-.45 E(f)-.18 E F0 .241
(reads the standard input if no)2.741 F -.2(fi)108 203.6 S .594(le ar).2
F .594(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.094(n. An).15 F(ar)3.094 E
.594(gument of just `)-.18 F(`\255')-.74 E 3.094('r)-.74 G .594
(efers to the standard input.)-3.094 F .594(The non-f)5.594 F .595
(ile option ar)-.2 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments are interpreted as follo)108 214.6
Q(ws:)-.25 E F3(+)108 230.64 Q F4(n)A F0(Output commences at the f)39.3
E(irst page whose page number is)-.2 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(or lar)2.5 E(ger)
-.18 E(.)-.55 E F2(-)108 246.68 Q F4(n)A F0(Printing stops after page)
39.51 E F4(n.)2.5 E F3<ad6e>108 262.72 Q F4(n)A F0
(First generated \(not necessarily printed\) page is gi)33.74 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(nn).15 G(umber)-2.5 E F4(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(;s)C(imulates `)-2.5
E(`.pn|)-.74 E F4(n)A F0 -.74('')C(.).74 E F3<ad72>108 278.76 Q F4(an)A
F0(Set number re)29.86 E(gister to the v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F4(n.)2.5 E
F3<ad6d>108 294.8 Q F4(name)A F0(Prepends a standard macro f)14.31 E
(ile; simulates `)-.2 E(`.so /usr/lib/tmac.)-.74 E F4(name)A F0 -.74('')
C(.).74 E F2(-)108 310.84 Q F3(s)A F0 1.283
(Stop prior to each page to permit paper loading.)40.62 F 1.282
(Printing is restarted by typing a `ne)6.283 F(wline')-.25 E(character)
158 321.84 Q(.)-.55 E F2(-)108 337.88 Q F3(h)A F0 .335(Spaces are repla\
ced where possible with tabs to speed up output \(or reduce the size of\
 the out-)38.95 F(put f)158 348.88 Q(ile\).)-.2 E F2(-)108 364.92 Q F3
(q)A F0 .415(Prompt names for insertions are not printed and the bell c\
haracter is sent instead; the insertion)38.95 F(is not echoed.)158
375.92 Q F1(FILES)72 399.16 Q F0 13.94(/usr/lib/suftab suf)108 410.16 R
-.2(fi)-.25 G 2.5(xh).2 G(yphenation tables)-2.55 E 30.05
(/tmp/rtm? temporary)108 421.16 R 11.44(/usr/lib/tmac.* standard)108
432.16 R(macro f)2.5 E(iles)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 450.36 Q F0(NR)108
461.36 Q(OFF User')-.4 E 2.5(sM)-.55 G(anual \(internal memorandum\).)
-2.5 E(neqn \(I\), col \(I\))108 472.36 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 490.56 S(GS).08
E F0 2.5(-6)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(OD \( I \))72 58 R 186.792
(1/15/73 OD)189.292 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(od)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(octal dump)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(od)108
163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(abcdho)A F0 2.5(][f)2.5 G(ile ] [ [)
-2.7 E F3(+)2.5 E F0 2.5(]o)2.5 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(set[).25 E F3(.)2.5 E
F0(][)2.5 E F3(b)2.5 E F0 2.5(]])2.5 G F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Od)108 192.6 Q F0(dumps)2.848 E F4 -.2(fi)2.848 G(le)
.2 E F0 .348(in one or more formats as selected by the f)2.848 F .348
(irst ar)-.2 F 2.848(gument. If)-.18 F .348(the f)2.848 F .348(irst ar)
-.2 F .348(gument is missing)-.18 F F2(-)2.848 E F3(o)A F0(is def)108
203.6 Q 2.5(ault. The)-.1 F(meanings of the format ar)2.5 E
(gument characters are:)-.18 E F3(a)108 219.64 Q F0 1.81(interprets w)10
F 1.809
(ords as PDP-11 instructions and dis-assembles the operation code.)-.1 F
(Unkno)6.809 E 1.809(wn operation)-.25 F(codes print as ???.)123 230.64
Q F3(b)108 246.68 Q F0(interprets bytes in octal.)9.44 E F3(c)108 262.72
Q F0(interprets bytes in ascii.)10.56 E(Unkno)5 E
(wn ascii characters are printed as \\?.)-.25 E F3(d)108 278.76 Q F0
(interprets w)9.44 E(ords in decimal.)-.1 E F3(h)108 294.8 Q F0
(interprets w)9.44 E(ords in he)-.1 E(x.)-.15 E F3(o)108 310.84 Q F0
(interprets w)10 E(ords in octal.)-.1 E(The)108 331.92 Q F4 -.2(fi)2.983
G(le).2 E F0(ar)2.983 E .483(gument specif)-.18 F .483(ies which f)-.2 F
.483(ile is to be dumped.)-.2 F .483(If no f)5.483 F .484(ile ar)-.2 F
.484(gument is specif)-.18 F .484(ied, the standard input)-.2 F
(is used.)108 342.92 Q(Thus)5 E F4(od)2.5 E F0(can be used as a f)2.5 E
(ilter)-.2 E(.)-.55 E .584(The of)108 358.96 R .584(fset ar)-.25 F .584
(gument specif)-.18 F .584(ies the of)-.2 F .584(fset in the f)-.25 F
.583(ile where dumping is to commence.)-.2 F .583(This ar)5.583 F .583
(gument is nor)-.18 F(-)-.2 E .453(mally interpreted as octal bytes.)108
369.96 R .454(If `)5.454 F F3(.)A F0 2.954('i)C 2.954(sa)-2.954 G .454
(ppended, the of)-2.954 F .454(fset is interpreted in decimal.)-.25 F
.454(If `)5.454 F F3(b)A F0 2.954('i)C 2.954(sa)-2.954 G(ppended,)-2.954
E .633(the of)108 380.96 R .632(fset is interpreted in blocks.)-.25 F
.632(\(A block is 512 bytes.\))5.632 F .632(If the f)5.632 F .632
(ile ar)-.2 F .632(gument is omitted, the of)-.18 F .632(fset ar)-.25 F
(gu-)-.18 E(ment must be preceded by `)108 391.96 Q F3(+)A F0('.)A
(Dumping continues until end-of-f)108 408 Q(ile.)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72
426.2 Q F0(db \(I\))108 437.2 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 455.4 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5
(-6)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(OPR \( I \))72 58 R 181.782
(7/17/74 OPR)184.282 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(opr)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(of)2.5
E 2.5(fl)-.25 G(ine print)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(opr)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F0
(destination ] [)A F2(-)2.5 E F3(crm)A F0 2.5(][n)2.5 G(ame ... ])-2.5 E
F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Opr)108 192.6 Q F0
.509(causes the named f)3.009 F .509(iles to be printed of)-.2 F 3.009
(fl)-.25 G .51(ine at the specif)-3.009 F .51(ied destination.)-.2 F .51
(If no names appear the stan-)5.51 F(dard input is assumed.)108 203.6 Q
(At the mother system the follo)108 219.64 Q
(wing destinations are recognized.)-.25 E(The def)5 E
(ault destination is)-.1 E F3(mh.)2.5 E(lp)108 235.68 Q F0
(Local line printer)11.66 E(.)-.55 E F3(mh)108 251.72 Q F0 .812
(GCOS at Murray Hill Comp Center)6.11 F 5.812(.G)-.55 G .812
(COS identif)-5.812 F .812(ication must be re)-.2 F .812
(gistered in the UNIX passw)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E -.2(fi)128 262.72 S
(le \(see passwd \(V\)\).).2 E F3(sp)108 278.76 Q F0(Spider netw)10.55 E
(ork printer)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F4(xx)108 294.8 Q F0 1.053(The tw)11.12 F
1.053(o-character code)-.1 F F4(xx)3.554 E F0 1.054(is tak)3.554 F 1.054
(en to be a Murray Hill GCOS station id.)-.1 F 1.054
(Useful codes are `r1' for)6.054 F
(quality print and `q1' for quality print with special ribbon.)128 305.8
Q F4(Opr)108 321.84 Q F0 1.14
(uses spooling daemons that do the job when f)3.64 F 1.139
(acilities become a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.639(ilable. Flag).25 F F2(-)
3.639 E F3(r)A F0 1.139(causes the named)3.639 F -.2(fi)108 332.84 S
.854(les to be remo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(dw).15 G .854
(hen spooled.)-3.354 F(Flag)5.855 E F2(-)3.355 E F3(c)A F0 .855
(causes copies to be made so as to insulate the daemons from)3.355 F(an)
108 343.84 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-2.5 E(ening changes to the f)-.15 E
(iles.)-.2 E(Flag)108 359.88 Q F2(-)3.209 E F3(m)A F0 .709
(causes mail to be sent when UNIX is f)3.209 F .709
(inished transmitting the f)-.2 F 3.209(ile. F)-.2 F .709
(or GCOS jobs the mail in-)-.15 F(cludes the snumb)108 370.88 Q(.)-.4 E
F1(FILES)72 389.08 Q F0 37.24(/etc/passwd personal)108 400.08 R
(ident cards)2.5 E 54.45(/lib/dpr dataphone)108 411.08 R(spooler)2.5 E
51.68(/etc/dpd dataphone)108 422.08 R(daemon)2.5 E 43.34
(/usr/dpd/* spool)108 433.08 R(area)2.5 E 56.67(/lib/lpr line)108 444.08
R(printer spooler)2.5 E 53.9(/etc/lpd line)108 455.08 R(printer daemon)
2.5 E 45.56(/usr/lpd/* spool)108 466.08 R(area)2.5 E 54.45
(/lib/npr spider)108 477.08 R(netw)2.5 E(ork spooler)-.1 E F1(SEE ALSO)
72 495.28 Q F0(fsend \(I\), dpd \(VIII\), lpd \(VIII\))108 506.28 Q F1
-.08(BU)72 524.48 S(GS).08 E F0(Line printer spooler doesn')108 535.48 Q
2.5(th)-.18 G(andle flags.)-2.5 E(Spider netw)108 546.48 Q
(ork spooler doesn')-.1 E 2.5(ts)-.18 G(pool.)-2.5 E 2.5(-6)295.17 767 S
2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.92(PA)72 58 S -.834(SSWD \( I \)).92
F 164.092(9/1/72 P)166.592 F -.834(ASSWD \( I \))-.92 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(passwd)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(change login passw)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(passwd)108 163.4 Q F0(name passw)2.5 E
(ord)-.1 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0(The)108 192.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(passwor)2.572 E(d)-.37 E F0 .072
(becomes associated with the gi)2.572 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.572(nl).15 G
.072(ogin name.)-2.572 F .073
(This can only be done by corresponding user)5.073 F(or by the super)108
203.6 Q(-user)-.2 E 5(.A)-.55 G 2.5(ne)-5 G(xplicit null ar)-2.65 E
(gument \(""\) for the passw)-.18 E(ord ar)-.1 E(gument remo)-.18 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(sa).15 G .3 -.15(ny p)-2.5 H(assw).15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
(FILES)72 221.8 Q F0(/etc/passwd)108 232.8 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 251 Q F0
(login \(I\), passwd \(V\), crypt \(III\))108 262 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 280.2
S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-6)295.17 767 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(PFE \( I \))72 58 R 184.002
(11/1/73 PFE)186.502 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(pfe)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(print floating e)2.5 E(xception)-.15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(pfe)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pfe)108 192.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)3.118 G .618
(amines the floating point e).15 F .618(xception re)-.15 F .617
(gister and prints a diagnostic for the last floating point e)-.15 F
(xcep-)-.15 E(tion.)108 203.6 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 221.8 Q F0(signal \(II\))
108 232.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 251 S(GS).08 E F0 .365
(Since the system does not sa)108 262 R .665 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .365(he e)
.15 F .365(xception re)-.15 F .366(gister in a core image f)-.15 F .366
(ile, the message refers to the last er)-.2 F(-)-.2 E
(ror encountered by an)108 273 Q 2.5(yone. Floating)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ceptions are therefore v).15 E(olatile.)-.2 E 2.5(-6)295.17 767 S 2.5
(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(PR \( I \))72 58 R 189.002
(3/20/74 PR)191.502 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(pr)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(print f)5
E(ile)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)108 163.4 Q
F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(h)A/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(header)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3(+)A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2
(-)A F3(w)A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(l)A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G
F2(-)A F3(t)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(s)A F4(c)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)
A F3(m)A F0 2.5(]n)2.5 G(ame . . .)-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F4
(Pr)108 192.6 Q F0 .322(produces a printed listing of one or more f)
2.822 F 2.822(iles. The)-.2 F .322
(output is separated into pages headed by a date, the)2.822 F 1.08
(name of the f)108 203.6 R 1.08(ile or a specif)-.2 F 1.08(ied header)
-.2 F 3.58(,a)-.4 G 1.08(nd the page number)-3.58 F 6.081(.I)-.55 G
3.581(ft)-6.081 G 1.081(here are no f)-3.581 F 1.081(ile ar)-.2 F
(guments,)-.18 E F4(pr)3.581 E F0 1.081(prints its)3.581 F
(standard input, and is thus usable as a f)108 214.6 Q(ilter)-.2 E(.)
-.55 E(Options apply to all follo)108 230.64 Q(wing f)-.25 E(iles b)-.2
E(ut may be reset between f)-.2 E(iles:)-.2 E F2(-)108 246.68 Q F4(n)A
F0(produce)14.51 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(-column output)A F3(+)108 262.72 Q F4
(n)A F0(be)14.3 E(gin printing with page)-.15 E F4(n)2.5 E F2(-)108
278.76 Q F3(h)A F0(treat the ne)13.95 E(xt ar)-.15 E
(gument as a header to be used instead of the f)-.18 E(ile name)-.2 E F2
(-)108 294.8 Q F3(w)A F4(n)A F0 .476
(for purposes of multi-column output, tak)7.29 F 2.976(et)-.1 G .476
(he width of the page to be)-2.976 F F4(n)2.975 E F0 .475
(characters instead of the de-)2.975 F -.1(fa)133 305.8 S(ult 72).1 E F2
(-)108 321.84 Q F3(l)A F4(n)A F0(tak)11.73 E 2.5(et)-.1 G
(he length of the page to be)-2.5 E F4(n)2.5 E F0
(lines instead of the def)2.5 E(ault 66)-.1 E F2(-)108 337.88 Q F3(t)A
F0(do not print the 5-line header or the 5-line trailer normally suppli\
ed for each page)16.18 E F2(-)108 353.92 Q F3(s)A F4(c)A F0 .86
(separate columns by the single character)11.18 F F4(c)3.36 E F0 .86
(instead of by the appropriate amount of white space.)3.36 F(A)5.86 E
(missing)133 364.92 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(is tak)2.5 E(en to be a tab)-.1 E(.)
-.4 E F2(-)108 380.96 Q F3(m)A F0(print all f)11.18 E
(iles simultaneously)-.2 E 2.5(,e)-.65 G(ach in one column)-2.5 E
(Interconsole messages via write\(I\) are forbidden during a)108 397 Q
F4(pr)2.5 E(.)-1.11 E F1(FILES)72 415.2 Q F0(/de)108 426.2 Q 2.5
(v/tty? to)-.25 F(suspend messages.)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 444.4 Q F0
(cat \(I\), cp \(I\))108 455.4 Q F1(DIA)72 473.6 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0
(none; f)108 484.6 Q(iles not found are ignored)-.2 E F1 -.08(BU)72
502.8 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-6)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(PR)72 58 Q -.834(OF \( I \))-.4 F
176.622(3/12/73 PR)179.122 F -.834(OF \( I \))-.4 F/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(prof)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E
F0(display prof)2.5 E(ile data)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)108 163.4 Q(of)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(v)A
F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(a)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(l)A F0 2.5(][f)
2.5 G(ile ])-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pr)
108 192.6 Q(of)-.45 E F0 .057(interprets the f)2.557 F(ile)-.2 E F4
(mon.out)2.557 E F0 .057(produced by the)2.557 F F4(monitor)2.557 E F0
2.557(subroutine. Under)2.557 F(def)2.556 E .056
(ault modes, the symbol table)-.1 F .43(in the named object f)108 203.6
R(ile)-.2 E F4(\(a.out)2.93 E F0(def)2.93 E .43
(ault\) is read and correlated with the)-.1 F F4(mon.out)2.93 E F0(prof)
2.93 E .43(ile f)-.2 F 2.93(ile. F)-.2 F .43(or each e)-.15 F(xter)-.15
E(-)-.2 E .181(nal symbol, the percentage of time spent e)108 214.6 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .181(cuting between that symbol and the ne).15 F .181
(xt is printed \(in decreas-)-.15 F .879
(ing order\), together with the number of times that routine w)108 225.6
R .879(as called and the number of milliseconds per)-.1 F(call.)108
236.6 Q .255(If the)108 252.64 R F2(-)2.755 E F3(a)A F0 .255
(option is used, all symbols are reported rather than just e)2.755 F
.255(xternal symbols.)-.15 F .255(If the)5.255 F F2(-)2.755 E F3(l)A F0
.255(option is used,)2.755 F .239(the output is listed by symbol v)108
263.64 R .239(alue rather than decreasing percentage.)-.25 F .24(If the)
5.24 F F2(-)2.74 E F3(v)A F0 .24(option is used, all printing)2.74 F
(is suppressed and a prof)108 274.64 Q
(ile plot is produced on the 611 display)-.2 E(.)-.65 E .005
(In order for the number of calls to a routine to be tallied, the)108
290.68 R F2(-)2.505 E F3(p)A F0 .005(option of)2.505 F F4(cc)2.505 E F0
.004(must ha)2.505 F .304 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .004(een gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.504(nw).15 G .004(hen the)-2.504 F -.2(fi)108 301.68 S .347
(le containing the routine w).2 F .347(as compiled.)-.1 F .347
(This option also arranges for the)5.347 F F4(mon.out)2.847 E F0 -.2(fi)
2.847 G .347(le to be produced au-).2 F(tomatically)108 312.68 Q(.)-.65
E F1(FILES)72 330.88 Q F0 .44(mon.out for)108 341.88 R(prof)2.5 E(ile)
-.2 E 49.78(a.out for)108 352.88 R(namelist)2.5 E(/de)108 363.88 Q .97
(v/vt0 for)-.25 F(plotting)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 382.08 Q F0
(monitor \(III\), prof)108 393.08 Q(il \(II\), cc \(I\))-.2 E F1 -.08
(BU)72 411.28 S(GS).08 E F0(Be)108 422.28 Q -.1(wa)-.25 G
(re of quantization errors.).1 E 2.5(-6)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(PS \( I \))72 58 R 190.112
(3/20/74 PS)192.612 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ps)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(process status)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ps)
108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(aklx)2.5 E F0 2.5(][n)2.5 G(amelist ])-2.5 E
F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ps)108 192.6 Q F0 .953
(prints certain indicia about acti)3.454 F 1.253 -.15(ve p)-.25 H 3.453
(rocesses. The).15 F F3(a)3.453 E F0 .953
(flag asks for information about all processes with)3.453 F(type)108
203.6 Q .439(writers \(ordinarily only one')-.25 F 2.939(so)-.55 G .439
(wn processes are displayed\);)-3.189 F F3(x)2.939 E F0 .439(asks e)
2.939 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.94(na).15 G .44(bout processes with no type-)
-2.94 F(writer;)108 214.6 Q F3(l)2.719 E F0 .219
(asks for a long listing.)2.719 F .219(Ordinarily only the type)5.219 F
.219(writer number \(if not one')-.25 F 2.719(so)-.55 G .218
(wn\), the process num-)-2.969 F(ber)108 225.6 Q 2.822(,a)-.4 G .322
(nd an approximation to the command line are gi)-2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.823(n. If).15 F(the)2.823 E F3(k)2.823 E F0 .323(flag is specif)2.823
F .323(ied, the f)-.2 F(ile)-.2 E F4(/usr/sys/cor)2.823 E(e)-.37 E F0
(is)2.823 E .372(used in place of)108 236.6 R F4(/de)2.872 E(v/mem.)-.15
E F0 .372(This is used for postmortem system deb)5.372 F 2.872
(ugging. If)-.2 F 2.871(as)2.872 G .371(econd ar)-2.871 F .371
(gument is gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E(it is tak)108 247.6 Q
(en to be the f)-.1 E(ile containing the system')-.2 E 2.5(sn)-.55 G
(amelist.)-2.5 E(The long listing is columnar and contains)108 263.64 Q
(The name of the process')133 279.68 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontrol type)-2.5 E
(writer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E .145(Flags associated with the process.)133
295.72 R .146(01: in core; 02: system process; 04: lock)5.146 F .146
(ed in code \(e.g. for ph)-.1 F(ysi-)-.05 E(cal I/O\); 10: being sw)133
306.72 Q(apped; 20: being traced by another process.)-.1 E 1.894
(The state of the process.)133 322.76 R 1.894(0: none)6.894 F 1.894
(xistent; S: sleeping; W)-.15 F 4.394(:w)-.37 G 1.894
(aiting; R: running; Z: terminated; T)-4.494 F(:)-.5 E(stopped.)133
333.76 Q(The user ID of the process o)133 349.8 Q(wner)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
.678(The process ID of the process; as in certain cults it is possible \
to kill a process if you kno)133 365.84 R 3.179(wi)-.25 G .679(ts true)
-3.179 F(name.)133 376.84 Q
(The priority of the process; high numbers mean lo)133 392.88 Q 2.5(wp)
-.25 G(riority)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
(The size in blocks of the core image of the process.)133 408.92 Q
(The e)133 424.96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt for which the process is w).15 E
(aiting or sleeping; if blank, the process is running.)-.1 E
(The command and its ar)133 441 Q(guments.)-.18 E F4(Ps)108 457.04 Q F0
(mak)3.036 E .536(es an educated guess as to the f)-.1 F .536
(ile name and ar)-.2 F .536(guments gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.036(nw)
.15 G .536(hen the process w)-3.036 F .535(as created by e)-.1 F(x-)-.15
E .486(amining core memory or the sw)108 468.04 R .486(ap area.)-.1 F
.486(The method is inherently some)5.486 F .486
(what unreliable and in an)-.25 F 2.986(ye)-.15 G -.15(ve)-3.236 G .486
(nt a).15 F(process is entitled to destro)108 479.04 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G
(his information, so the names cannot be counted on too much.)-2.5 E F1
(FILES)72 497.24 Q F0 48.94(/unix system)108 508.24 R(namelist)2.5 E
(/de)108 519.24 Q 29.75(v/mem core)-.25 F(memory)2.5 E 18.95
(/usr/sys/core alternate)108 530.24 R(core f)2.5 E(ile)-.2 E(/de)108
541.24 Q 19.03(vs)-.25 G(earched to f)-19.03 E(ind sw)-.2 E(ap de)-.1 E
(vice and type)-.25 E(writer names)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 559.44 Q F0
(kill \(I\))108 570.44 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 588.64 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-6)
295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(PWD \( I \))72 58 R 179.012
(5/15/74 PWD)181.512 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(pwd)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0 -.1
(wo)2.5 G(rking directory name).1 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(pwd)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pwd)108 192.6 Q F0(prints the pathname of the w)2.5 E
(orking \(current\) directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 210.8 Q F0
(chdir \(I\))108 221.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 240 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-6)295.17
767 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(RC \( I \))72 58 R 187.892
(5/15/74 RC)190.392 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(rc)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(Ratfor compiler)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18
(rc)108 163.4 S F0([)2.68 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(c)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3
(r)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(f)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(v)A F0 2.5
(]f)2.5 G(ile ...)-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(Rc)108 192.6 Q F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(st).1 G
(he Ratfor preprocessor on a set of Ratfor source f)-2.5 E 2.5(iles. It)
-.2 F(accepts three types of ar)2.5 E(guments:)-.18 E(Ar)108 208.64 Q
.732(guments whose names end with `.r' are tak)-.18 F .731
(en to be Ratfor source programs; the)-.1 F 3.231(ya)-.15 G .731
(re preprocessed into)-3.231 F -.15(Fo)108 219.64 S .043
(rtran and compiled.).15 F .043
(Each subroutine or function `name' is placed on a separate f)5.043 F
(ile)-.2 E F4(name)2.544 E(.f)-.15 E(,)-.1 E F0 .044(and its object)
2.544 F .489(code is left on)108 230.64 R F4(name)2.989 E(.o.)-.15 E F0
.489(The main routine is on)5.489 F F4(MAIN.f)2.989 E F0(and)2.989 E F4
(MAIN.o;)2.989 E F0 .489(block data subprograms go on)2.989 F F4(bloc)
2.988 E(k-)-.2 E(data?.f)108 241.64 Q F0(and)3.249 E F4(bloc)3.249 E
(kdata?.o.)-.2 E F0 .749(The f)5.749 F .749
(iles resulting from a `.r' f)-.2 F .75
(ile are loaded into a single object f)-.2 F(ile)-.2 E F4 -.2(fi)3.25 G
(le).2 E(.o,)-.15 E F0(and)3.25 E(the intermediate object and F)108
252.64 Q(ortran f)-.15 E(iles are remo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E
(The follo)108 268.68 Q(wing flags are interpreted by)-.25 E F4 -.37(rc)
2.5 G(.).37 E F0(See)5 E F4(ld \(I\))2.5 E F0(for load-time flags.)2.5 E
F2(-)113 284.72 Q F3(c)A F0
(Suppresses the loading phase of the compilation, as does an)15.07 E 2.5
(ye)-.15 G(rror in an)-2.5 E(ything.)-.15 E F2(-)113 300.76 Q F3(f)A F0
(Sa)16.18 E .3 -.15(ve Fo)-.2 H(rtran intermediate f).15 E 2.5
(iles. This)-.2 F(is primarily for deb)2.5 E(ugging.)-.2 E F2(-)113
316.8 Q F3(r)A F0(Ratfor only; don')15.07 E 2.5(tt)-.18 G
(ry to compile the F)-2.5 E 2.5(ortran. This)-.15 F(implies)2.5 E F2(-)
2.5 E F3(f)A F0(and)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(c.)A F2(-)113 332.84 Q F3(v)A F0
(Don')14.51 E 2.5(tl)-.18 G(ist intermediate f)-2.5 E
(ile names while compiling.)-.2 E(Ar)108 348.88 Q .909
(guments whose names end with `.f)-.18 F 3.409('a).55 G .909(re tak)
-3.409 F .909(en to be F)-.1 F .909(ortran source programs; the)-.15 F
3.409(ya)-.15 G .908(re compiled in the)-3.409 F .335(normal manner)108
359.88 R 5.335(.\()-.55 G .335(Only one F)-5.335 F .335
(ortran routine is allo)-.15 F .335(wed in a `.f)-.25 F 2.835('f).55 G
2.835(ile.\) Other)-3.035 F(ar)2.835 E .335(guments are tak)-.18 F .335
(en to be either)-.1 F .934(loader flag ar)108 370.88 R .934
(guments, or F)-.18 F .934
(ortran-compatible object programs, typically produced by an earlier)
-.15 F F4 -.37(rc)3.433 G F0 .933(run, or)3.803 F .14
(perhaps libraries of F)108 381.88 R .14(ortran-compatible routines.)
-.15 F .14(These programs, together with the results of an)5.14 F 2.64
(yc)-.15 G(ompila-)-2.64 E(tions specif)108 392.88 Q
(ied, are loaded to produce an e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable program with name).15 E F3(a.out.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72 411.08 Q F0
41.17(ratjunk temporary)108 422.08 R 13.95(/usr/bin/ratfor preprocessor)
108 433.08 R 21.73(/usr/fort/fc1 F)108 444.08 R(ortran compiler)-.15 E
F1(SEE ALSO)72 462.28 Q F0 -.74(``)108 473.28 S(RA).74 E(TFOR)-1.11 E F2
(-)2.5 E F0 2.5(AR)2.5 G(ational F)-2.5 E(ortran')-.15 E('.)-.74 E
(fc\(I\) for F)108 484.28 Q(ortran error messages.)-.15 E F1(DIA)72
502.48 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 -1(Ye)108 513.48 S(s, both from)1 E F4 -.37
(rc)2.5 G F0(itself and from F)2.87 E(ortran.)-.15 E F1 -.08(BU)72
531.68 S(GS).08 E F0(Limit of about 50 ar)108 542.68 Q
(guments, 10 block data f)-.18 E(iles.)-.2 E(#def)108 558.72 Q
(ine and #include lines in `)-.2 E -1.95(`.f ')-.74 F 2.5('f)-.74 G
(iles are not processed.)-2.7 E 2.5(-6)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(REV \( I \))72 58 R 181.232
(4/24/75 REV)183.732 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(re)108 134.2 Q(v)-.25 E/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E
F0(re)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse lines of a f).15 E(ile)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)
72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.29 -.18(re v)108 163.4 T F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Re)108 192.6 Q(v)-.15 E
F0(copies the standard input to the standard output, re)2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(rsing the order of characters in e).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry line.)
.15 E F1 -.08(BU)72 210.8 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5
G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(RM \( I \))72 58 R 185.672
(1/20/73 RM)188.172 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(rm)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(remo)2.5
E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(unlink\) f).15 E(iles)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4
Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(rm)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(f)A F0
2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(r)A F0 2.5(]n)2.5 G(ame ...)-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Rm)108 192.6 Q F0(remo)
3.103 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.103(st).15 G .603(he entries for one or more f)
-3.103 F .603(iles from a directory)-.2 F 5.603(.I)-.65 G 3.103(fa)
-5.603 G 3.103(ne)-3.103 G .603(ntry w)-3.103 F .602
(as the last link to the f)-.1 F .602(ile, the)-.2 F -.2(fi)108 203.6 S
.146(le is destro).2 F 2.646(yed. Remo)-.1 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.646(lo).25
G 2.646(faf)-2.646 G .147
(ile requires write permission in its directory)-2.846 F 2.647(,b)-.65 G
.147(ut neither read nor write per)-2.847 F(-)-.2 E(mission on the f)108
214.6 Q(ile itself.)-.2 E .581(If a f)108 230.64 R .581
(ile has no write permission,)-.2 F F4(rm)3.081 E F0 .581(prints the f)
3.081 F .58(ile name and its mode, then reads a line from the standard)
-.2 F 2.856(input. If)108 241.64 R .356(the line be)2.856 F .356
(gins with)-.15 F F3(y)2.856 E F0 2.856(,t)C .357(he f)-2.856 F .357
(ile is remo)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .357(d, otherwise it is not.).15 F
.357(The question is not ask)5.357 F .357(ed if option)-.1 F F3<ad66>108
252.64 Q F0 -.1(wa)2.5 G 2.5(sg).1 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(no).25 G
2.5(ri)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he standard input is not a type)-2.5 E
(writer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E 1.118(If a designated f)108 268.68 R 1.118
(ile is a directory)-.2 F 3.618(,a)-.65 G 3.618(ne)-3.618 G 1.118
(rror comment is printed unless the optional ar)-3.618 F(gument)-.18 E
F2(-)3.617 E F3(r)A F0 1.117(has been)3.617 F 2.9(used. In)108 279.68 R
.4(that case,)2.9 F F4(rm)2.9 E F0(recursi)2.9 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .4
(ly deletes the entire contents of the specif).15 F .4(ied directory)-.2
F 5.4(.T)-.65 G 2.9(or)-6.2 G(emo)-2.9 E .7 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irecto-).15
E(ries)108 290.68 Q F4(per se)2.5 E F0(see rmdir\(I\).)2.5 E F1(FILES)72
308.88 Q F0(/etc/glob to implement the)108 319.88 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(r)A F0
(flag)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 338.08 Q F0(rmdir \(I\))108 349.08 Q F1 -.08
(BU)72 367.28 S(GS).08 E F0(When)108 378.28 Q F4(rm)2.992 E F0(remo)
2.992 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.991(st).15 G .491
(he contents of a directory under the)-2.991 F F2(-)2.991 E F3(r)A F0
.491(flag, full pathnames are not printed in diagnos-)2.991 F(tics.)108
389.28 Q 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(RMDIR \( I \))72 58 R 168.452
(3/15/72 RMDIR)170.952 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(rmdir)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(remo)5 E .3 -.15(ve d)-.15 H(irectory).15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(rmdir)108 163.4 Q F0(dir ...)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Rmdir)108 192.6 Q F0(remo)3.262 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.262(s\().15 G .762(deletes\) directories.)-3.262 F .763
(The directory must be empty \(e)5.762 F .763
(xcept for the standard entries `)-.15 F F3(.)A F0 3.263('a)C(nd)-3.263
E(`)108 203.6 Q F3(..)A F0 .336(', which)B F4(rmdir)2.836 E F0 .336
(itself remo)2.836 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.836(s\). Write).15 F .335
(permission is required in the directory in which the directory to be)
2.835 F(remo)108 214.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(ppears.)-2.5 E F1
-.08(BU)72 232.8 S(GS).08 E F0(Needs a)108 243.8 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(r)A F0
(flag.)2.5 E(Actually)108 254.8 Q 2.5(,w)-.65 G
(rite permission in the directory')-2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent is)-2.5 E
F4(not)2.5 E F0(required.)2.5 E
(Mildly unpleasant consequences can follo)108 265.8 Q 2.5(wr)-.25 G(emo)
-2.5 E -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fy)-2.5 G(our o)-2.5 E
(wn or someone else')-.25 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(urrent directory)-2.5 E(.)-.65
E 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.4(RO)72 58 S -.834(FF \( I \)).4 F
176.622(11/4/74 R)179.122 F -.834(OFF \( I \))-.4 F/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(rof)108 134.2 Q(f)-.25 E/F2 10/Symbol SF
(-)5 E F0(format te)5 E(xt)-.15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(ro)108 163.4 S(ff).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(+)2.5 E/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G
F2(-)A F3(s)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(h)A F0 2.5(]f)2.5 G(ile ...)-2.7
E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F4(Rof)108 192.6 Q(f)-.18 E F0 .045
(formats te)2.545 F .046
(xt according to control lines embedded in the te)-.15 F .046
(xt in the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.546(nf).15 G 2.546
(iles. Encountering)-2.746 F 2.546(an)2.546 G(one)-2.546 E(xis-)-.15 E
.599(tent f)108 203.6 R .599(ile terminates printing.)-.2 F .598
(Incoming interconsole messages are turned of)5.599 F 3.098(fd)-.25 G
.598(uring printing.)-3.098 F .598(The optional)5.598 F(flag ar)108
214.6 Q(guments mean:)-.18 E F3(+)108 230.64 Q F4(n)A F0
(Start printing at the f)14.3 E(irst page with number)-.2 E F4(n)2.5 E
F0(.)A F2(-)108 246.68 Q F4(n)A F0(Stop printing at the f)14.51 E
(irst page numbered higher than)-.2 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(-)108 262.72
Q F3(s)A F0 .032(Stop before each page \(including the f)15.62 F .032
(irst\) to allo)-.2 F 2.532(wp)-.25 G .032
(aper manipulation; resume on receipt of an inter)-2.532 F(-)-.2 E
(rupt signal.)133 273.72 Q F2(-)108 289.76 Q F3(h)A F0
(Insert tabs in the output stream to replace spaces whene)13.95 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(ppropriate.)-2.5 E .37
(Input consists of intermix)108 305.8 R(ed)-.15 E F4(te)2.87 E .37
(xt lines,)-.2 F F0 .369(which contain information to be formatted, and)
2.869 F F4 -.37(re)2.869 G .369(quest lines,).37 F F0(which)2.869 E .039
(contain instructions about ho)108 316.8 R 2.539(wt)-.25 G 2.539(of)
-2.539 G .039(ormat it.)-2.539 F .039(Request lines be)5.039 F .04
(gin with a distinguished)-.15 F F4(contr)2.54 E .04(ol c)-.45 F(har)
-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(,)-1.11 E F0(nor)2.54 E(-)-.2 E(mally a period.)108
327.8 Q .612(Output lines may be)108 343.84 R F4 -.2(fi)3.112 G(lled).2
E F0 .612(as nearly as possible with w)3.112 F .612(ords without re)-.1
F -.05(ga)-.15 G .611(rd to input lineation.).05 F(Line)5.611 E F4(br)
3.111 E(eaks)-.37 E F0 .413(may be caused at specif)108 354.84 R .414(i\
ed places by certain commands, or by the appearance of an empty input l\
ine or an)-.2 F(input line be)108 365.84 Q(ginning with a space.)-.15 E
.2(The capabilities of)108 381.88 R F4 -.45(ro)2.7 G -.18(ff).45 G F0 .2
(are specif)2.88 F .199(ied in the attached Request Summary)-.2 F 5.199
(.N)-.65 G .199(umerical v)-5.199 F .199(alues are denoted there)-.25 F
.081(by n or +n, titles by t, and single characters by c.)108 392.88 R
.082(Numbers denoted +n may be signed + or)5.082 F F2(-)2.582 E F0 2.582
(,i)C 2.582(nw)-2.582 G .082(hich case)-2.582 F(the)108 403.88 Q 2.569
(ys)-.15 G .069(ignify relati)-2.569 F .369 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .069
(hanges to a quantity).15 F 2.569(,o)-.65 G .069(therwise the)-2.569 F
2.569(ys)-.15 G .069(ignify an absolute resetting.)-2.569 F .068
(Missing n f)5.068 F .068(ields are)-.2 F .627(ordinarily tak)108 414.88
R .627(en to be 1, missing t f)-.1 F .627(ields to be empty)-.2 F 3.127
(,a)-.65 G .627(nd c f)-3.127 F .627(ields to shut of)-.2 F 3.127(ft)
-.25 G .627(he appropriate special inter)-3.127 F(-)-.2 E(pretation.)108
425.88 Q(Running titles usually appear at top and bottom of e)108 441.92
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry page.).15 E(The)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(re set by requests lik)-2.5 E(e)-.1 E(.he)208 457.96 Q F2<a2>2.5 E F0
(part1)A F2<a2>A F0(part2)A F2<a2>A F0(part3)A F2<a2>A F0 -.15(Pa)108
474 S .479(rt1 is left justif).15 F .478
(ied, part2 is centered, and part3 is right justif)-.2 F .478
(ied on the page.)-.2 F(An)5.478 E 2.978(y%s)-.15 G .478
(ign in a title is re-)-2.978 F(placed by the current page number)108
485 Q 5(.A)-.55 G .3 -.15(ny n)-5 H(onblank may serv).15 E 2.5(ea)-.15 G
2.5(saq)-2.5 G(uote.)-2.5 E .66
(ASCII tab characters are replaced in the input by a)108 501.04 R F4
-.37(re)3.16 G .66(placement c).37 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(,)-1.11 E
F0 .66(normally a space, according to)3.16 F(the column settings gi)108
512.04 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nb).15 G 2.5(ya.)-2.5 G(ta command.)-2.5 E
(\(See .tr for ho)5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(oc)-2.5 G(on)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4
G(rt this character on output.\)).15 E .872(Automatic h)108 528.08 R
.872(yphenation of f)-.05 F .871
(illed output is done under control of .h)-.2 F 4.671 -.65(y. W)-.05 H
.871(hen a w).65 F .871(ord contains a designated)-.1 F F4 1.066
(hyphenation c)108 539.08 R(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(,)-1.11 E F0 1.066
(that character disappears from the output and h)3.566 F 1.067
(yphens can be introduced into the)-.05 F -.1(wo)108 550.08 S
(rd at the mark).1 E(ed places only)-.1 E(.)-.65 E F1(FILES)72 568.28 Q
F0 13.94(/usr/lib/suftab suf)108 579.28 R -.2(fi)-.25 G 2.5(xh).2 G
(yphenation tables)-2.55 E 30.05(/tmp/rtm? temporary)108 590.28 R F1
(SEE ALSO)72 608.48 Q F0(nrof)108 619.48 Q 2.5(f\()-.25 G(I\), trof)-2.5
E 2.5(f\()-.25 G(I\))-2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72 637.68 S(GS).08 E F4(Rof)108
648.68 Q(f)-.18 E F0(is the simplest of the runof)2.5 E 2.5(fp)-.25 G
(rograms, b)-2.5 E(ut is utterly frozen.)-.2 E 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S 2.5
(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.4(RO)72 58 S -.834(FF \( I \)).4 F
176.622(11/4/74 R)179.122 F -.834(OFF \( I \))-.4 F(REQ)256.79 105 Q
(UEST SUMMAR)-.1 E(Y)-.65 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 19.84(Request Br)72
121.04 R 27.99(eak Initial)-.37 F(Meaning)29.55 E F0 39.56(.ad yes)72
132.04 R 38.17(yes Be)40.67 F(gin adjusting right mar)-.15 E(gins.)-.18
E 41.23(.ar no)72 143.04 R 27.07(arabic Arabic)44 F(page numbers.)2.5 E
40.67(.br yes)72 154.04 R 50.67(-C)40.67 G(auses a line break)-50.67 E
/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(the f)2.5 E
(illing of the current line is stopped.)-.2 E(.bl n)72 165.04 Q 38.17
(yes -)36.22 F(Insert of n blank lines, on ne)50.67 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G
(age if necessary)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(.bp +n)72 176.04 Q 38.17(yes n=1)28.36
F(Be)38.36 E(gin ne)-.15 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G
(age and number it n; no n means `+1'.)-2.5 E(.cc c)72 187.04 Q 41.5
(no c=.)35.68 F(Control character becomes `c'.)41.42 E(.ce n)72 198.04 Q
38.17(yes -)35.12 F(Center the ne)50.67 E(xt n input lines, without f)
-.15 E(illing.)-.2 E(.de xx)72 209.04 Q 41.5(no -)29.56 F(Def)50.67 E
(ine parameterless macro to be in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db)
.1 G 2.5(yr)-2.5 G(equest `.xx' \(def)-2.5 E(inition ends)-.2 E
(on line be)234 220.04 Q(ginning `)-.15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(..)A F0
('\).)A 40.11(.ds yes)72 231.04 R 41.5(no Double)40.67 F
(space; same as `.ls 2'.)2.5 E(.ef t)72 242.04 Q 41.5
<6e6f20743db4b4b4b4>38.45 F(Ev)32.26 E(en foot title becomes t.)-.15 E
(.eh t)72 253.04 Q 41.5<6e6f20743db4b4b4b4>36.78 F(Ev)32.26 E
(en head title becomes t.)-.15 E(.f)72 264.04 Q 45.59(iy)-.2 G 38.17
(es yes Be)-45.59 F(gin f)-.15 E(illing output lines.)-.2 E 40.67
(.fo no)72 275.04 R 29.76<743db4b4b4b420416c6c>44 F(foot titles are t.)
2.5 E(.hc c)72 286.04 Q 41.5(no none)35.12 F
(Hyphenation character becomes `c'.)34.56 E(.he t)72 297.04 Q 41.5
<6e6f20743db4b4b4b4>36.78 F(All head titles are t.)32.26 E 39(.hx no)72
308.04 R 50.67(-T)44 G(itle lines are suppressed.)-51.02 E(.h)72 319.04
Q 26.55 2.5(yn n)-.05 H 44(on)-2.5 G 35.86(=1 Hyphenation)-44 F
(is done, if n=1; and is not done, if n=0.)2.5 E 41.22(.ig no)72 330.04
R 50.67(-I)44 G(gnore input lines through a line be)-50.67 E
(ginning with `)-.15 E F3(..)A F0('.)A(.in +n)72 341.04 Q 38.17(yes -)
30.58 F(Indent n spaces from left mar)50.67 E(gin.)-.18 E(.ix +n)72
352.04 Q 41.5(no -)30.58 F(Same as `.in' b)50.67 E(ut without break.)-.2
E(.li n)72 363.04 Q 41.5(no -)38.44 F(Literal, treat ne)50.67 E
(xt n lines as te)-.15 E(xt.)-.15 E(.ll +n)72 374.04 Q 41.5(no n=65)32.8
F(Line length including indent is n characters.)33.36 E(.ls +n)72 385.04
Q 38.17(yes n=1)31.69 F(Line spacing set to n lines per output line.)
38.36 E(.m1 n)72 396.04 Q 41.5(no n=2)31.22 F
(Put n blank lines between the top of page and head title.)38.36 E
(.m2 n)72 407.04 Q 41.5(no n=2)31.22 F 2.5(nb)38.36 G
(lank lines put between head title and be)-2.5 E(ginning of te)-.15 E
(xt on page.)-.15 E(.m3 n)72 418.04 Q 41.5(no n=1)31.22 F 2.5(nb)38.36 G
(lank lines put between end of te)-2.5 E(xt and foot title.)-.15 E
(.m4 n)72 429.04 Q 41.5(no n=3)31.22 F 2.5(nb)38.36 G
(lank lines put between the foot title and the bottom of page.)-2.5 E
39.56(.na yes)72 440.04 R 41.5(no Stop)40.67 F(adjusting the right mar)
2.5 E(gin.)-.18 E(.ne n)72 451.04 Q 41.5(no -)34.56 F(Be)50.67 E(gin ne)
-.15 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(age, if n output lines cannot f)-2.5 E
(it on present page.)-.2 E(.nn +n)72 462.04 Q 41.5(no -)28.36 F(The ne)
50.67 E(xt n output lines are not numbered.)-.15 E 39(.n1 no)72 473.04 R
41.5(no Add)44 F 2.5(5t)2.5 G 2.5(op)-2.5 G(age of)-2.5 E
(fset; number lines in mar)-.25 E(gin from 1 on each page.)-.18 E(.n2 n)
72 484.04 Q 41.5(no no Add)34 F 2.5(5t)2.5 G 2.5(op)-2.5 G(age of)-2.5 E
(fset; number lines from n; stop if n=0.)-.25 E(.ni +n)72 495.04 Q 41.5
(no n=0)30.58 F(Line numbers are indented n.)38.36 E 40.67(.nf yes)72
506.04 R 41.5(no Stop)40.67 F -.2(fi)2.5 G(lling output lines.).2 E
(.nx f)72 517.04 Q 1.71(ilename -)-.2 F(Change to input f)104.67 E
(ile `f)-.2 E(ilename'.)-.2 E(.of t)72 528.04 Q 41.5<6e6f20743db4b4b4b4>
37.89 F(Odd foot title becomes t.)32.26 E(.oh t)72 539.04 Q 41.5
<6e6f20743db4b4b4b4>36.22 F(Odd head title becomes t.)32.26 E(.pa +n)72
550.04 Q 38.17(yes n=1)28.92 F(Same as `.bp'.)38.36 E(.pl +n)72 561.04 Q
41.5(no n=66)30.58 F -.8(To)33.36 G(tal paper length tak).8 E
(en to be n lines.)-.1 E(.po +n)72 572.04 Q 41.5(no n=0)28.36 F -.15(Pa)
38.36 G(ge of).15 E 2.5(fset. All)-.25 F
(lines are preceded by n spaces.)2.5 E 40.67(.ro no)72 583.04 R 27.07
(arabic Roman)44 F(page numbers.)2.5 E(.sk n)72 594.04 Q 41.5(no -)35.11
F(Produce n blank pages starting ne)50.67 E(xt page.)-.15 E(.sp n)72
605.04 Q 38.17(yes -)35.11 F(Insert block of n blank lines, e)50.67 E
(xcept at top of page.)-.15 E 41.22(.ss yes)72 616.04 R 38.17
(yes Single)40.67 F(space output lines, equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(lent to `.ls 1'.).25 E(.ta n n..)72 627.04 Q 50.67(-P)78.28 G
(seudotab settings.)-50.67 E
(Initial tab settings are columns 9 17 25 ...)5 E(.tc c)72 638.04 Q 41.5
(no space)37.34 F -.8(Ta)31.79 G 2.5(br).8 G
(eplacement character becomes `c'.)-2.5 E(.ti +n)72 649.04 Q 38.17
(yes -)32.8 F -.7(Te)50.67 G(mporarily indent ne).7 E
(xt output line n spaces.)-.15 E(.tr cdef..)72 660.04 Q 41.5(no -)20.68
F -.35(Tr)50.67 G(anslate c into d, e into f, etc.).35 E(.ul n)72 671.04
Q 41.5(no -)36.22 F(Underline the letters and numbers in the ne)50.67 E
(xt n input lines.)-.15 E 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SH \( I \))72 58 R 188.452
(5/15/74 SH)190.952 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(sh)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(shell \(command interpreter\))5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(t)A F0 2.5(][)
2.5 G F2(-)A F3(c)A F0 2.5(][n)2.5 G(ame [ ar)-2.5 E(g1 ... [ ar)-.18 E
(g9 ] ] ])-.18 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Sh)
108 192.6 Q F0(is the standard command interpreter)2.5 E 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5
(ti)-5 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he program which reads and arranges the e)-2.5 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cution of the).15 E(command lines typed by most users.)
108 203.6 Q(It may itself be called as a command to interpret f)5 E
(iles of commands.)-.2 E(Before discussing the ar)108 214.6 Q(guments t\
o the Shell used as a command, the structure of command lines them-)-.18
E(selv)108 225.6 Q(es will be gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n.).15 E F3
(Commands.)108 241.64 Q F0
(Each command is a sequence of non-blank command ar)5 E
(guments separated by blanks.)-.18 E(The)5 E -.2(fi)108 252.64 S(rst ar)
.2 E(gument specif)-.18 E(ies the name of a command to be e)-.2 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.5(cuted. Except).15 F(for certain types of special ar)2.5 E
(gu-)-.18 E(ments discussed belo)108 263.64 Q 1.3 -.65(w, t)-.25 H
(he ar).65 E(guments other than the command name are passed without int\
erpretation to)-.18 E(the in)108 274.64 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E(If the f)108 290.68 Q(irst ar)-.2 E
(gument is the name of an e)-.18 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable f).15 E
(ile, it is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
(d; otherwise the string `/bin/' is prepended).1 E(to the ar)108 301.68
Q 2.5(gument. \(In)-.18 F(this w)2.5 E
(ay most standard commands, which reside in `/bin', are found.\))-.1 E
(If no such com-)5 E
(mand is found, the string `/usr' is further prepended \(to gi)108
312.68 Q .3 -.15(ve `)-.25 H(/usr/bin/command'\) and another attempt is)
.15 E(made to e)108 323.68 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the resulting f).15 E
2.5(ile. \(Certain)-.2 F(lesser)2.5 E(-used commands li)-.2 E .3 -.15
(ve i)-.25 H 2.5(n`).15 G(/usr/bin'.\))-2.5 E(If a non-directory f)108
339.72 Q(ile has e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable mode, b).15 E
(ut not the form of an e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable program \(does not be).15 E(gin with)-.15 E
(the proper magic number\) then it is assumed to be an ASCII f)108
350.72 Q(ile of commands and a ne)-.2 E 2.5(wS)-.25 G
(hell is created to)-2.5 E -.15(exe)108 361.72 S(cute it.).15 E(See `)5
E -.8(`A)-.74 G -.18(rg).8 G(ument passing').18 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(elo)-2.5
E -.65(w.)-.25 G(If the f)108 377.76 Q
(ile cannot be found, a diagnostic is printed.)-.2 E F3(Command lines.)
108 393.8 Q F0
(One or more commands separated by `|' or `^' constitute a chain of)5 E
F4 -.2(fi)2.5 G(lter).2 E(s.)-.1 E F0(The standard)5 E
(output of each command b)108 404.8 Q(ut the last is tak)-.2 E
(en as the standard input of the ne)-.1 E(xt command.)-.15 E
(Each command is)5 E(run as a separate process, connected by pipes \(se\
e pipe\(II\)\) to its neighbors.)108 415.8 Q 2.5(Ac)5 G
(ommand line contained in)-2.5 E
(parentheses `\( \)' may appear in place of a simple command as a f)108
426.8 Q(ilter)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(A)108 442.84 Q F4(command line)2.5 E F0(co\
nsists of one or more pipelines separated, and perhaps terminated by `)
2.5 E F3(;)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G 2.5(&'. The)-2.5 F
(semicolon designates sequential e)108 453.84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5
(cution. The).15 F(ampersand causes the preceding pipeline to be e)2.5 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(without w)108 464.84 Q(aiting for it to f)-.1
E 2.5(inish. The)-.2 F(process id of such a pipeline is reported, so th\
at it may be used if nec-)2.5 E(essary for a subsequent)108 475.84 Q F4
(wait)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F4(kill.)2.5 E F3 -.92(Te)108 491.88 S
(rmination Reporting).92 E(.)-.15 E F0(If a command \(not follo)5 E
(wed by `&'\) terminates abnormally)-.25 E 2.5(,am)-.65 G
(essage is printed.)-2.5 E(\(All terminations other than e)108 502.88 Q
(xit and interrupt are considered abnormal.\))-.15 E -.7(Te)5 G
(rmination reports for com-).7 E(mands follo)108 513.88 Q
(wed by `&' are gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nu).15 G
(pon receipt of the f)-2.5 E
(irst command subsequent to the termination of the)-.2 E
(command, or when a)108 524.88 Q F4(wait)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.5(cuted. The).15 F(follo)2.5 E
(wing is a list of the abnormal termination messages:)-.25 E(Bus error)
144 540.92 Q -.35(Tr)144 551.92 S(ace/BPT trap).35 E(Ille)144 562.92 Q
-.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(li).05 G(nstruction)-2.5 E(IO)144 573.92 Q 2.5(Tt)-.4
G(rap)-2.5 E(EMT trap)144 584.92 Q(Bad system call)144 595.92 Q(Quit)144
606.92 Q(Floating e)144 617.92 Q(xception)-.15 E(Memory violation)144
628.92 Q(Killed)144 639.92 Q(Brok)144 650.92 Q(en Pipe)-.1 E
(If a core image is produced, `)108 666.96 Q F2(-)A F0
(Core dumped' is appended to the appropriate message.)2.5 E F3(Redir)108
683 Q(ection of I/O.)-.18 E F0
(There are three character sequences that cause the immediately follo)5
E(wing string to be)-.25 E(interpreted as a special ar)108 694 Q
(gument to the Shell itself.)-.18 E(Such an ar)5 E(gument may appear an)
-.18 E(ywhere among the ar)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(guments of a simple command, \
or before or after a parenthesized command list, and is associated with\
 that)108 705 Q(command or command list.)108 716 Q 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SH \( I \))72 58 R 188.452
(5/15/74 SH)190.952 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G(An ar)108 105 Q
(gument of the form `<ar)-.18 E(g' causes the f)-.18 E(ile `ar)-.2 E
(g' to be used as the standard input \(f)-.18 E(ile descriptor 0\) of)
-.2 E(the associated command.)108 116 Q(An ar)108 132.04 Q
(gument of the form `>ar)-.18 E(g' causes f)-.18 E(ile `ar)-.2 E
(g' to be used as the standard output \(f)-.18 E
(ile descriptor 1\) for the)-.2 E(associated command.)108 143.04 Q -.8
(`A)5 G -.18(rg).8 G 2.5('i).18 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(reated if it did not e)
-2.5 E(xist, and in an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ase is truncated at the outset.)-2.5 E(An ar)108 159.08 Q
(gument of the form `>>ar)-.18 E(g' causes f)-.18 E(ile `ar)-.2 E
(g' to be used as the standard output for the associated com-)-.18 E 2.5
(mand. If)108 170.08 R(`ar)2.5 E(g' did not e)-.18 E
(xist, it is created; if it did e)-.15 E
(xist, the command output is appended to the f)-.15 E(ile.)-.2 E -.15
(Fo)108 186.12 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, either of the command lines)-2.65
E(ls >junk; cat tail >>junk)144 202.16 Q 2.5(\(l)144 213.16 S
(s; cat tail \) >junk)-2.5 E(creates, on f)108 229.2 Q
(ile `junk', a listing of the w)-.2 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,f)-.65
G(ollo)-2.5 E(wed immediately by the contents of f)-.25 E(ile `tail'.)
-.2 E(Either of the constructs `>ar)108 245.24 Q(g' or `>>ar)-.18 E
(g' associated with an)-.18 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G
(ut the last command of a pipeline is inef)-2.7 E(fec-)-.25 E
(tual, as is `<ar)108 256.24 Q(g' in an)-.18 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G(ut the f)
-2.7 E(irst.)-.2 E(In commands called by the Shell, f)108 272.28 Q
(ile descriptor 2 refers to the standard output of the Shell before an)
-.2 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(edi-)-2.5 E 2.5(rection. Thus)108 283.28 R -.2(fi)
2.5 G(lters may write diagnostics to a location where the).2 E 2.5(yh)
-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.5 H 2.5(ac)2.7 G(hance to be seen.)-2.5 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Generation of ar)108 299.32 Q(gument lists.)-.1 E F0
(If an)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument contains an).18 E 2.5(yo)
-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he characters `?', `*' or `[', it is treated)-2.5 E
(specially as follo)108 310.32 Q 2.5(ws. The)-.25 F
(current directory is searched for f)2.5 E(iles which)-.2 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(matc)2.5 E(h)-.15 E F0(the gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(na).15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument.).18 E(The character `*' in an ar)108
326.36 Q(gument matches an)-.18 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(tring of characters in a f)-2.5 E
(ile name \(including the null string\).)-.2 E
(The character `?' matches an)108 342.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(ingle character in a f)-2.5 E(ile name.)-.2 E(Square brack)108 358.44 Q
(ets `[...]' specify a class of characters which matches an)-.1 E 2.5
(ys)-.15 G(ingle f)-2.5 E(ile-name character in the)-.2 E 2.5(class. W)
108 369.44 R(ithin the brack)-.4 E(ets, each ordinary character is tak)
-.1 E(en to be a member of the class.)-.1 E 2.5(Ap)5 G(air of charac-)
-2.5 E(ters separated by `)108 380.44 Q/F3 10/Symbol SF(-)A F0 2.5('p)C
(laces in the class each character le)-2.5 E
(xically greater than or equal to the f)-.15 E(irst and less)-.2 E
(than or equal to the second member of the pair)108 391.44 Q(.)-.55 E
(Other characters match only the same character in the f)108 407.48 Q
(ile name.)-.2 E -.15(Fo)108 423.52 S 2.5(re).15 G
(xample, `*' matches all f)-2.65 E
(ile names; `?' matches all one-character f)-.2 E
(ile names; `[ab]*.s' matches all f)-.2 E(ile)-.2 E(names be)108 434.52
Q(ginning with `a' or `b' and ending with `.s'; `?[zi)-.15 E F3(-)A F0
(m]' matches all tw)A(o-character f)-.1 E(ile names ending)-.2 E
(with `z' or the letters `i' through `m'.)108 445.52 Q(If the ar)108
461.56 Q(gument with `*' or `?' also contains a `/', a slightly dif)-.18
E(ferent procedure is used:)-.25 E(instead of the cur)5 E(-)-.2 E
(rent directory)108 472.56 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G
(he directory used is the one obtained by taking the ar)-2.5 E
(gument up to the last `/' before a `*' or)-.18 E 2.5(`?'. The)108
483.56 R(matching process matches the remainder of the ar)2.5 E
(gument after this `/' ag)-.18 E(ainst the f)-.05 E(iles in the de-)-.2
E(ri)108 494.56 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dd).15 G(irectory)-2.5 E 5(.F)-.65
G(or e)-5.15 E(xample: `/usr/dmr/a*.s' matches all f)-.15 E
(iles in directory `/usr/dmr' which be)-.2 E(gin with `a')-.15 E
(and end with `.s'.)108 505.56 Q(In an)108 521.6 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15
(ve)-2.75 G(nt, a list of names is obtained which match the ar).15 E 2.5
(gument. This)-.18 F(list is sorted into alphabetical or)2.5 E(-)-.2 E
(der)108 532.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(nd the resulting sequence of ar)-2.5 E
(guments replaces the single ar)-.18 E
(gument containing the `*', `[', or `?'.)-.18 E
(The same process is carried out for each ar)108 543.6 Q
(gument \(the resulting lists are)-.18 E F2(not)2.5 E F0(mer)2.5 E
(ged\) and f)-.18 E(inally the com-)-.2 E
(mand is called with the resulting list of ar)108 554.6 Q(guments.)-.18
E F1(Quoting)108 570.64 Q(.)-.15 E F0
(The character `\\' causes the immediately follo)5 E
(wing character to lose an)-.25 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(pecial meaning it may)
-2.5 E(ha)108 581.64 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he Shell;)-2.5 E
(in this w)5 E(ay `<', `>', and other characters meaningful to the Shel\
l may be passed as part)-.1 E(of ar)108 592.64 Q 2.5(guments. A)-.18 F
(special case of this feature allo)2.5 E
(ws the continuation of commands onto more than one line:)-.25 E 2.5(an)
108 603.64 S -.25(ew)-2.5 G
(-line preceded by `\\' is translated into a blank.).25 E(Sequences of \
characters enclosed in double \("\) or single \(\264\) quotes are also \
tak)108 619.68 Q(en literally)-.1 E 5(.F)-.65 G(or e)-5.15 E(xample:)
-.15 E 2.5(ls | pr)144 635.72 R F3(-)2.5 E F0 2.5(h")C(My directory")
-2.5 E(causes a directory listing to be produced by)108 651.76 Q F2(ls,)
2.5 E F0(and passed on to)2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E F0
(to be printed with the heading `My di-)2.5 E 2.5(rectory'. Quotes)108
662.76 R
(permit the inclusion of blanks in the heading, which is a single ar)2.5
E(gument to)-.18 E F2(pr)2.5 E(.)-1.11 E F1(Ar)108 678.8 Q
(gument passing)-.1 E(.)-.15 E F0(When the Shell is in)5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
-.1(ke).2 G 2.5(da).1 G 2.5(sac)-2.5 G
(ommand, it has additional string processing capabili-)-2.5 E 2.5
(ties. Recall)108 689.8 R(that the form in which the Shell is in)2.5 E
-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G(s)-2.5 E(sh [ name [ ar)144 705.84
Q(g1 ... [ ar)-.18 E(g9 ] ] ])-.18 E 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SH \( I \))72 58 R 188.452
(5/15/74 SH)190.952 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G(The)108 105 Q/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is the name of a f)2.5 E
(ile which is read and interpreted.)-.2 E(If not gi)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n, this subinstance of the Shell con-).15 E
(tinues to read the standard input f)108 116 Q(ile.)-.2 E
(In command lines in the f)108 132.04 Q(ile \(not in command input\), c\
haracter sequences of the form `$n', where)-.2 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is a)2.5
E(digit, are replaced by the)108 143.04 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(th ar)A
(gument to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation of the Shell \(ar).2 E 2.5
(gn\). `$0')-.18 F(is replaced by)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E(.)-.15 E F0
(The ar)108 159.08 Q(gument `)-.18 E/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)A F0(t,)A 2.5('u)
-.7 G(sed alone, causes)-2.5 E F1(sh)2.5 E F0
(to read the standard input for a single line, e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cute it as a com-).15 E(mand, and then e)108 170.08 Q 2.5(xit. This)
-.15 F -.1(fa)2.5 G(cility replaces the older `mini-shell.).1 E 5('I)-.7
G 2.5(ti)-5 G 2.5(su)-2.5 G(seful for interacti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.25
H(rograms).15 E(which allo)108 181.08 Q 2.5(wu)-.25 G(sers to e)-2.5 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cute system commands.).15 E(The ar)108 197.12 Q(gument `)
-.18 E F2(-)A F0(c' \(used with one follo)A(wing ar)-.25 E
(gument\) causes the ne)-.18 E(xt ar)-.15 E(gument to be tak)-.18 E
(en as a command)-.1 E(line and e)108 208.12 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5
(cuted. No).15 F(ne)2.5 E(w-line need be present, b)-.25 E(ut ne)-.2 E
(w-line characters are treated appropriately)-.25 E 5(.T)-.65 G(his f)-5
E(a-)-.1 E(cility is useful as an alternati)108 219.12 Q .3 -.15(ve t)
-.25 H 2.5(o`).15 G F2(-)-2.5 E F0(t' where the caller has already read\
 some of the characters of the com-)A(mand to be e)108 230.12 Q -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(End of f)108 246.16 Q(ile.)
-.25 E F0(An end-of-f)5 E(ile in the Shell')-.2 E 2.5(si)-.55 G
(nput causes it to e)-2.5 E 2.5(xit. A)-.15 F(side ef)2.5 E
(fect of this f)-.25 E(act means that the)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 257.16 S 2.5
(yt).1 G 2.5(ol)-2.5 G(og out from UNIX is to type an EO)-2.5 E -.74(T.)
-.4 G F3(Special commands.)108 273.2 Q F0(The follo)5 E
(wing commands are treated specially by the Shell.)-.25 E F1 -.15(ch)108
289.24 S(dir).15 E F0(is done without spa)2.5 E(wning a ne)-.15 E 2.5
(wp)-.25 G(rocess by e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(sys c)2.5 E
(hdir)-.15 E F0(\(II\).)2.5 E F1(lo)108 305.28 Q(gin)-.1 E F0
(is done by e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting /bin/login without creating a ne).15 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess.)
-2.5 E F1(wait)108 321.32 Q F0(is done without spa)2.5 E(wning a ne)-.15
E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess by e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1
(sys wait)2.5 E F0(\(II\).)2.5 E F1(shift)108 337.36 Q F0
(is done by manipulating the ar)2.5 E(guments to the Shell.)-.18 E(`)108
353.4 Q F3(:)A F0 2.5('i)C 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(imply ignored.)-2.5 E F3
(Command f)108 369.44 Q(ile err)-.25 E(ors; interrupts.)-.18 E F0(An)5 E
2.5(yS)-.15 G(hell-detected error)-2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.4 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5
(ni)-2.5 G(nterrupt signal, during the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution of).15 E 2.5(ac)108 380.44 S(ommand f)-2.5 E
(ile causes the Shell to cease e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution of that f)
.15 E(ile.)-.2 E(Processes that are created with `&' ignore interrupts.)
108 396.48 Q(Also if such a process has not redirected its input)5 E
(with a `<', its input is automatically redirected to the zero length f)
108 407.48 Q(ile /de)-.2 E(v/null.)-.25 E/F4 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72
425.68 Q F0(/etc/glob, which interprets `*', `?', and `['.)108 436.68 Q
(/de)108 447.68 Q(v/null as a source of end-of-f)-.25 E(ile.)-.2 E F4
(SEE ALSO)72 465.88 Q F0(`The UNIX T)108 476.88 Q
(ime-Sharing System', CA)-.35 E(CM, July)-.4 E 2.5(,1)-.65 G
(974, which gi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(st).15 G
(he theory of operation of the Shell.)-2.5 E
(chdir \(I\), login \(I\), w)108 487.88 Q(ait \(I\), shift \(I\))-.1 E
F4 -.08(BU)72 506.08 S(GS).08 E F0(There is no w)108 517.08 Q
(ay to redirect the diagnostic output.)-.1 E 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SHIFT \( I \))72 58 R 173.452
(8/21/73 SHIFT)175.952 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(shift)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(adjust Shell ar)2.5 E(guments)-.18 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Shift)108 192.6 Q F0(is used in Shell command f)2.5 E
(iles to shift the ar)-.2 E(gument list left by 1, so that old)-.18 E F3
($2)2.5 E F0(can no)2.5 E 2.5(wb)-.25 G 2.5(er)-2.5 G(eferred to)-2.5 E
(by)108 203.6 Q F3($1)2.5 E F0(and so forth.)2.5 E F4(Shift)5 E F0
(is useful to iterate o)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rs).15 G -2.15 -.25
(ev e)-2.5 H(ral ar).25 E(guments to a command f)-.18 E 2.5(ile. F)-.2 F
(or e)-.15 E(xample, the)-.15 E(command f)108 214.6 Q(ile)-.2 E 2.5(:l)
133 230.64 S(oop)-2.5 E(if $1x = x e)133 241.64 Q(xit)-.15 E(pr)133
252.64 Q F2(-)2.5 E F0 2.5(3$)C(1)-2.5 E(shift)133 263.64 Q(goto loop)
133 274.64 Q(prints each of its ar)108 290.68 Q
(guments in 3-column format.)-.18 E F4(Shift)108 306.72 Q F0(is e)2.5 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted within the Shell.).15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 324.92 Q F0
(sh \(I\))108 335.92 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 354.12 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-7)295.17
767 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SIZE \( I \))72 58 R 182.622
(9/2/72 SIZE)185.122 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(size)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(size of an object f)2.5 E(ile)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(size)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([o)2.5 G(bject ... ])-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Size)108 192.6 Q F0
(prints the \(decimal\) number of bytes required by the te)2.5 E
(xt, data, and bss portions, and their sum in octal)-.15 E
(and decimal, of each object-f)108 203.6 Q(ile ar)-.2 E 2.5(gument. If)
-.18 F(no f)2.5 E(ile is specif)-.2 E(ied,)-.2 E F3(a.out)2.5 E F0
(is used.)2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72 221.8 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-7)295.17 767 S
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SLEEP \( I \))72 58 R 171.782
(11/1/73 SLEEP)174.282 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(sleep)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(suspend e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution for an interv).15 E(al)-.25 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sleep)108 163.4 Q F0(time)2.5
E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Sleep)108 192.6 Q F0
(suspends e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution for).15 E F4(time)2.5 E F0 2.5
(seconds. It)2.5 F(is used to e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cute a command in a certain amount of time as).15 E(in:)108 203.6 Q
(\(sleep 105; command\)&)144 219.64 Q(Or to e)108 235.68 Q -.15(xe)-.15
G(cute a command e).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry so often as in this shell command f).15 E(ile:)-.2 E 2.5(:l)144
251.72 S(oop)-2.5 E(command)144 262.72 Q(sleep 37)144 273.72 Q
(goto loop)144 284.72 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 302.92 Q F0(sleep \(II\))108
313.92 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 332.12 S(GS).08 E F4 -.55(Ti)108 343.12 S(me).55
E F0(must be less than 65536 seconds.)2.5 E 2.5(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(SOR)72 58 Q 172.94 1.666(T\(I\) 5)-.6
H 176.272(/13/75 SOR)-1.666 F 1.666(T\(I\))-.6 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(sort, usort)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF
(-)2.5 E F0(sort or mer)2.5 E(ge f)-.18 E(iles)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sort)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3
(abdnrt)A/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3(+)A F4(pos)A F0
([)5 E F2(-)2.5 E F4(pos)A F0 -2.5 2.5(]]... [)2.5 H F2(-)A F3(mo)A F0
2.5(][n)2.5 G(ame ] . . .)-2.5 E F3(usort)108 174.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
(\255umo)2.5 E F0 2.5(][n)2.5 G(ame ] . . .)-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
192.6 Q F4(Sort)108 203.6 Q F0(sorts all the named f)2.5 E
(iles together and writes the result on the standard output.)-.2 E
(The name `)5 E F2(-)A F0 2.5('m)C(eans the)-2.5 E(standard input.)108
214.6 Q(The standard input is also used if no input f)5 E
(ile names are gi)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(n. Thus).15 F F4(sort)2.5 E
F0(may be used as a)2.5 E -.2(fi)108 225.6 S(lter).2 E(.)-.55 E(The def)
108 241.64 Q(ault sort k)-.1 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(sa).15 G 2.5(ne)
-2.5 G(ntire line.)-2.5 E(Def)5 E(ault ordering is le)-.1 E
(xicographic in ASCII collating sequence, e)-.15 E(xcept)-.15 E(that lo)
108 252.64 Q(wer)-.25 E
(-case letters are considered the same as the corresponding upper)-.2 E
(-case letters.)-.2 E(Non-ASCII bytes)5 E(are ignored.)108 263.64 Q
(The ordering is af)5 E(fected by the flags)-.25 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(abdnrt)
A F0 2.5(,o)C(ne or more of which may appear:)-2.5 E F3(a)108 279.68 Q
F0(Do not map lo)15 E(wer case letters.)-.25 E F3(b)108 295.72 Q F0
(Leading blanks \(spaces and tabs\) are not included in f)14.44 E
(ields.)-.2 E F3(d)108 311.76 Q F0
(`Dictionary' order: only letters, digits and blanks are signif)14.44 E
(icant in ASCII comparisons.)-.2 E F3(n)108 327.8 Q F0(An initial numer\
ic string, consisting of optional minus sign, digits and optionally inc\
luded decimal)14.44 E(point, is sorted by arithmetic v)128 338.8 Q
(alue.)-.25 E F3(r)108 354.84 Q F0(Re)15.56 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rse the sense of comparisons.).15 E F3(t)108 370.88 Q F4(x)A F0 -.8(Ta)
12.23 G 2.5(bc).8 G(haracter between f)-2.5 E(ields is)-.2 E F4(x.)2.5 E
F0(Selected parts of the line, specif)108 386.92 Q(ied by)-.2 E F3(+)2.5
E F4(pos)A F0(and)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F4(pos)A F0 2.5(,m)C
(ay be used as sort k)-2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(s.).15 E F4 -.8(Po)5 G(s).8 E
F0(has the form)2.5 E F4(m.n,)2.5 E F0(where)108 397.92 Q F4(m)2.5 E F0
(specif)2.5 E(ies a number of f)-.2 E(ields to skip, and)-.2 E F4(n)2.5
E F0 2.5(an)2.5 G(umber of characters to skip further into the ne)-2.5 E
(xt f)-.15 E(ield.)-.2 E 2.5(Am)108 408.92 S(issing is tak)-2.5 E
(en to be 0.)-.1 E F3(+)5 E F4(pos)A F0(denotes the be)2.5 E
(ginning of the k)-.15 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(;).15 E F2(-)2.5 E F4(pos)A F0
(denotes the f)2.5 E(irst position after the)-.2 E -.1(ke)108 419.92 S
2.5(y\()-.05 G(end of line by def)-2.5 E 2.5(ault\). The)-.1 F
(ordering rule may be o)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rridden for a particular k)
.15 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 2.5(ya).15 G(ppending one or)-2.5 E
(more of the flags)108 430.92 Q F3(abdnr)2.5 E F0(to)2.5 E F3(+)2.5 E F4
(pos)A F0(.)A(When no tab character has been specif)108 446.96 Q
(ied, a f)-.2 E(ield consists of nonblanks and an)-.2 E 2.5(yp)-.15 G
(receding blanks.)-2.5 E(Under)5 E(the)108 457.96 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(b)A F0
(flag, leading blanks are e)2.5 E(xcluded from a f)-.15 E 2.5
(ield. When)-.2 F 2.5(at)2.5 G(ab character has been specif)-2.5 E
(ied, a f)-.2 E(ield is a)-.2 E(string ending with a tab character)108
468.96 Q(.)-.55 E(When k)108 485 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sa).15 G(re specif)
-2.5 E(ied, later k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sa).15 G
(re compared only when all earlier ones compare equal.)-2.5 E
(Lines that)5 E(compare equal are ordered with all bytes signif)108 496
Q(icant.)-.2 E(These flag ar)108 512.04 Q(guments are also understood:)
-.18 E F2(-)108 528.08 Q F3(m)A F0(Mer)6.18 E(ge only)-.18 E 2.5(,t)-.65
G(he input f)-2.5 E(iles are already sorted.)-.2 E F2(-)108 544.12 Q F3
(o)A F0(The ne)9.51 E(xt ar)-.15 E(gument is the name of an output f)
-.18 E(ile to use instead of the standard output.)-.2 E(This f)5 E
(ile may be)-.2 E(the same as one of the inputs, e)128 555.12 Q
(xcept under the mer)-.15 E(ge flag)-.18 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(m)A F0(.)A F4
(Usort)108 571.16 Q F0(is a some)2.5 E(what specialized v)-.25 E
(ersion of)-.15 E F4(sort)2.5 E F0
(which accepts no collating sequence options: order is al-)2.5 E -.1(wa)
108 582.16 S(ys plain ASCII.).1 E
(It also strips out the second and follo)5 E
(wing copies of duplicated lines.)-.25 E(A)5 E F4(u)2.5 E F0(flag pre)
2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts).15 E(this stripping.)108 593.16 Q F4(Usort)5 E
F0(also understands the)2.5 E F4(m)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F4(o)2.5 E F0
(options in the same w)2.5 E(ay as)-.1 E F4(sort.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72
611.36 Q F0(/usr/tmp/stm???)108 622.36 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 640.56 S(GS).08 E
F0 2.5(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SPELL \( I \))72 58 R 171.782
(4/15/75 SPELL)174.282 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(spell)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
-.2(fi)2.5 G(nd spelling errors).2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(spell)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(v)A F0 2.5
(]f)2.5 G(ile ...)-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(Spell)108 192.6 Q F0(collects the w)2.5 E
(ords from the named documents, and looks them up in a dictionary)-.1 E
5(.T)-.65 G(he w)-5 E(ords not)-.1 E
(found are printed on the standard output.)108 203.6 Q -.8(Wo)5 G
(rds which are reasonable transformations of dictionary entries).8 E
(\(e.g. a dictionary entry plus)108 214.6 Q F4(s)2.5 E F0 2.5(\)a)2.5 G
(re not printed.)-2.5 E(If no f)5 E(iles are gi)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n, the input is from the standard input.).15 E(If the)108 230.64 Q F2
(-)2.5 E F3(v)A F0(flag is gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, all w).15 E(ords \
which are not literally in the dictionary are printed; those which can \
be)-.1 E(transformed to lie in the dictionary are so mark)108 241.64 Q
(ed, and the others are mark)-.1 E(ed with asterisks.)-.1 E
(The process tak)108 257.68 Q(es se)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral minutes.)
.15 E F1(FILES)72 275.88 Q F0(/usr/lib/w2006, /usr/dict/w)108 286.88 Q
(ords, /usr/lib/spell[123])-.1 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 305.08 Q F0(typo \(I\))
108 316.08 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 334.28 S(GS).08 E F0
(Because of the mapping into lo)108 350.32 Q
(wer case and the stripping of special characters, w)-.25 E
(ords may be hard to locate)-.1 E(in the original te)108 361.32 Q(xt.)
-.15 E(The escape sequences of trof)108 377.36 Q 2.5(f\()-.25 G
(I\) are not correctly recognized.)-2.5 E(More suf)108 393.4 Q -.2(fi)
-.25 G -.15(xe).2 G(s, and perhaps some pref).15 E(ix)-.2 E
(es, should be added.)-.15 E(The dictionary cannot be distrib)108 409.44
Q(uted because of cop)-.2 E(yright limitations.)-.1 E 2.5(-8)295.17 767
S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SPLIT \( I \))72 58 R 174.562
(1/15/73 SPLIT)177.062 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(split)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(split a f)2.5 E(ile into pieces)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(split)108 163.4 Q F2(-)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)
A F0 2.5([f)2.5 G(ile [ name ] ])-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F4
(Split)108 192.6 Q F0(reads)2.5 E F4 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E F0
(and writes it in)2.5 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(-line pieces \(def)A
(ault 1000\), as man)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G 2.5(sn)-2.5 G(ecessary)-2.5 E
2.5(,o)-.65 G(nto a set of output f)-2.5 E(iles.)-.2 E
(The name of the f)108 203.6 Q(irst output f)-.2 E(ile is)-.2 E F4(name)
2.5 E F0(with)2.5 E F3(aa)2.5 E F0(appended, and so on le)2.5 E
(xicographically)-.15 E 5(.I)-.65 G 2.5(fn)-5 G 2.5(oo)-2.5 G
(utput name)-2.5 E(is gi)108 214.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(x)2.5 E
F0(is def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E(If no input f)108 230.64 Q(ile is gi)-.2 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(n, or if).15 E F2(-)2.5 E F0(is gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ni)-2.5 G(ts stead, then the standard input f)-2.5 E
(ile is used.)-.2 E F1 -.08(BU)72 248.84 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-8)295.17 767
S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(STRIP \( I \))72 58 R 174.002
(3/15/72 STRIP)176.502 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(strip)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(remo)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.15 H(ymbols and relocation bits).15 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(strip)108 163.4 Q F0
(name ...)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Strip)
108 192.6 Q F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he symbol table a\
nd relocation bits ordinarily attached to the output of the assembler a\
nd)-2.5 E(loader)108 203.6 Q 5(.T)-.55 G(his is useful to sa)-5 E .3
-.15(ve s)-.2 H(pace after a program has been deb).15 E(ugged.)-.2 E
(The ef)108 219.64 Q(fect of)-.25 E F4(strip)2.5 E F0
(is the the same as use of the)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(s)A F0(option of)2.5
E F4(ld.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72 237.84 Q F0 29.49(/tmp/stm? temporary)108
248.84 R -.2(fi)2.5 G(le).2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 267.04 Q F0
(ld \(I\), as \(I\))108 278.04 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 296.24 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5
(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(STTY \( I \))72 58 R 176.232
(6/12/72 STTY)178.732 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(stty)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(set type)2.5 E(writer options)-.25 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(stty)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([o)2.5 G(ption ... ])-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Stty)108 192.6 Q F0
(sets certain I/O options on the current output type)2.5 E(writer)-.25 E
5(.W)-.55 G(ith no ar)-5.4 E(gument, it reports the current set-)-.18 E
(tings of the options.)108 203.6 Q
(The option strings are selected from the follo)5 E(wing set:)-.25 E F3
-2.3 -.15(ev e)108 219.64 T(n).15 E F0(allo)30.81 E 2.5(we)-.25 G -.15
(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(np).15 G(arity)-2.5 E F2(-)108 230.64 Q F3 -2.3 -.15
(ev e)D(n).15 E F0(disallo)25.32 E 2.5(we)-.25 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(np)
.15 G(arity)-2.5 E F3(odd)108 241.64 Q F0(allo)33.88 E 2.5(wo)-.25 G
(dd parity)-2.5 E F2(-)108 252.64 Q F3(odd)A F0(disallo)28.39 E 2.5(wo)
-.25 G(dd parity)-2.5 E F3(raw)108 263.64 Q F0(ra)33.34 E 2.5(wm)-.15 G
(ode input \(no erase, kill, interrupt, quit, EO)-2.5 E 1.1 -.55(T; p)
-.4 H(arity bit passed back\)).55 E F2(-)108 274.64 Q F3(raw)A F0(ne)
27.85 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(te ra).05 E 2.5(wm)-.15 G(ode)-2.5 E F3(cook)108
285.64 Q(ed)-.1 E F0(same as `\255ra)20.1 E(w')-.15 E F2(-)108 296.64 Q
F3(nl)A F0(allo)36.17 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(arriage return for ne)-2.5 E
(w-line, and output CR-LF for carriage return or ne)-.25 E(w-line)-.25 E
F3(nl)108 307.64 Q F0(accept only ne)41.66 E(w-line to end lines)-.25 E
F3(echo)108 318.64 Q F0(echo back e)30.56 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry character typed).15 E F2(-)108 329.64 Q F3(echo)A F0
(do not echo characters)25.07 E F3(lcase)108 340.64 Q F0
(map upper case to lo)29.45 E(wer case)-.25 E F2(-)108 351.64 Q F3
(lcase)A F0(do not map case)23.96 E F2(-)108 362.64 Q F3(tabs)A F0
(replace tabs by spaces when printing)26.73 E F3(tabs)108 373.64 Q F0
(preserv)32.22 E 2.5(et)-.15 G(abs)-2.5 E F3(ek)108 384.64 Q F0
(reset erase and kill characters back to normal # and @.)40 E F3(erase)
108 395.64 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(set erase character to)20.85 E F4(c.)2.5 E F3
(kill)108 406.64 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(set kill character to)29.16 E F4(c.)2.5
E F3(cr0 cr1 cr2 cr3)108 417.64 Q F0
(select style of delay for carriage return \(see belo)158 428.64 Q(w\))
-.25 E F3(nl0 nl1 nl2 nl3)108 439.64 Q F0
(select style of delay for linefeed \(see belo)158 450.64 Q(w\))-.25 E
F3(tab0 tab1 tab2 tab3)108 461.64 Q F0
(select style of delay for tab \(see belo)158 472.64 Q(w\))-.25 E F3
(ff0 ff1)108 483.64 Q F0(select style of delay for form feed \(see belo)
158 494.64 Q(w\))-.25 E F3(tty33)108 505.64 Q F0
(set all modes suitable for T)28.34 E(eletype model 33)-.7 E F3(tty37)
108 516.64 Q F0(set all modes suitable for T)28.34 E(eletype model 37)
-.7 E F3(vt05)108 527.64 Q F0
(set all modes suitable for DEC VT05 terminal)31.67 E F3(tn300)108
538.64 Q F0(set all modes suitable for GE T)26.11 E(erminet 300)-.7 E F3
(ti700)108 549.64 Q F0(set all modes suitable for T)28.89 E -.15(ex)-.7
G(as Instruments 700 terminal).15 E F3(tek)108 560.64 Q F0
(set all modes suitable for T)36.67 E(ektronix 4014 terminal)-.7 E F3
(hup)108 571.64 Q F0(hang up dataphone on last close.)33.32 E F3
(\255hup)108 582.64 Q F0(do not hang up dataphone on last close.)27.62 E
F3(0)108 593.64 Q F0(hang up phone line immediately)45 E F3
(50 75 110 134 150 200 300 600 1200 1800 2400 4800 9600 exta extb)108
604.64 Q F0(Set type)158 615.64 Q(writer baud rate to the number gi)-.25
E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, if possible.).15 E
(\(These are the speeds supported by)5 E(the DH-11 interf)158 626.64 Q
(ace\).)-.1 E(The v)108 642.68 Q(arious delay algorithms are tuned to v)
-.25 E(arious kinds of terminals.)-.25 E(In general the specif)5 E
(ications ending)-.2 E
(in `0' mean no delay for the corresponding character)108 653.68 Q(.)
-.55 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 671.88 Q F0(stty \(II\))108 682.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72
701.08 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TEE \( I \))72 58 R 185.402
(3/6/74 TEE)187.902 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(tee)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(pipe f)2.5 E(itting)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(tee)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([n)2.5 G(ame ... ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.92(Te)108 192.6 S(e).92 E F0
(transcribes the standard input to the standard output and mak)2.5 E
(es copies in the named f)-.1 E(iles.)-.2 E F1 -.08(BU)72 210.8 S(GS).08
E F0 2.5(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TIME \( I \))72 58 R 176.792
(8/16/73 TIME)179.292 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(time)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(time a command)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(time)
108 163.4 Q F0(command)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0(The gi)108
192.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nc).15 G(ommand is e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted; after it is complete,).15 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.5 E
F0(prints the elapsed time during the command, the)2.5 E
(time spent in the system, and the time spent in e)108 203.6 Q -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cution of the command.).15 E(The e)108 219.64 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(c\
ution time can depend on what kind of memory the program happens to lan\
d in; the user time in).15 E(MOS is often half what it is in core.)108
230.64 Q(The times are printed on the diagnostic output stream.)108
246.68 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 264.88 S(GS).08 E F0(Elapsed time is accurate to\
 the second, while the CPU times are measured to the 60th second.)108
275.88 Q(Thus the)5 E(sum of the CPU times can be up to a second lar)108
286.88 Q(ger than the elapsed time.)-.18 E 2.5(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TP \( I \))72 58 R 187.062
(10/15/73 TP)189.562 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(tp)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(manipulate DECtape and magtape)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(tp)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([k)2.5 G .3 -.15(ey ] [ n)-2.6 H
(ame ... ]).15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Tp)
108 192.6 Q F0(sa)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa).15 G(nd restores f)-2.5 E
(iles on DECtape or magtape.)-.2 E(Its actions are controlled by the)5 E
F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y)-.2 E F0(ar)2.5 E 2.5(gument. The)-.18 F -.1(ke)2.5 G
(y)-.05 E(is a string of characters containing at most one function let\
ter and possibly one or more function modif)108 203.6 Q(iers.)-.2 E
(Other ar)108 214.6 Q(guments to the command are f)-.18 E
(ile or directory names specifying which f)-.2 E
(iles are to be dumped, re-)-.2 E(stored, or listed.)108 225.6 Q
(In all cases, appearance of a directory name refers to the f)5 E
(iles and \(recursi)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly\) subdirecto-).15 E
(ries of that directory)108 236.6 Q(.)-.65 E
(The function portion of the k)108 252.64 Q .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(ss)
.15 G(pecif)-2.5 E(ied by one of the follo)-.2 E(wing letters:)-.25 E F3
(r)128 268.68 Q F0(The named f)15.56 E(iles are written on the tape.)-.2
E(If f)5 E(iles with the same names already e)-.2 E(xist, the)-.15 E 2.5
(ya)-.15 G(re re-)-2.5 E 2.5(placed. `Same')148 279.68 R
(is determined by string comparison, so `./abc' can ne)2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(rb).15 G 2.5(et)-2.5 G(he same as)-2.5 E(`/usr/dmr/abc' e)148
290.68 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(f`)-2.5 G
(/usr/dmr' is the current directory)-2.5 E 5(.I)-.65 G 2.5(fn)-5 G 2.5
(of)-2.5 G(ile ar)-2.7 E(gument is gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, `).15 E
F3(.)A F0 2.5('i)C 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he de-)-2.5 E -.1(fa)148 301.68 S(ult.)
.1 E F3(u)128 317.72 Q F0(updates the tape.)14.44 E F3(u)5 E F0(is lik)
2.5 E(e)-.1 E F3 -.92(r,)2.5 G F0 -.2(bu)3.42 G 2.5(taf).2 G
(ile is replaced only if its modif)-2.7 E
(ication date is later than the)-.2 E
(date stored on the tape; that is to say)148 328.72 Q 2.5(,i)-.65 G 2.5
(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(th)-2.5 G(as changed since it w)-2.5 E(as dumped.)-.1 E
F3(u)5 E F0(is the def)2.5 E(ault com-)-.1 E(mand if none is gi)148
339.72 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(n.).15 E F3(d)128 355.76 Q F0
(deletes the named f)14.44 E(iles from the tape.)-.2 E
(At least one name ar)5 E(gument must be gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(n. This).15 F(function)2.5 E(is not permitted on magtapes.)148 366.76 Q
F3(x)128 382.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)15 G(tracts the named f).15 E
(iles from the tape to the f)-.2 E(ile system.)-.2 E(The o)5 E
(wner and mode are restored.)-.25 E(If no)5 E -.2(fi)148 393.8 S(le ar)
.2 E(gument is gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n, the entire contents of the tape are e).15 E(xtracted.)-.15 E F3(t)
128 409.84 Q F0(lists the names of the specif)16.67 E(ied f)-.2 E 2.5
(iles. If)-.2 F(no f)2.5 E(ile ar)-.2 E(gument is gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(n, the entire contents of the tape is).15 E(listed.)148 420.84 Q
(The follo)108 436.88 Q(wing characters may be used in addition to the \
letter which selects the function desired.)-.25 E F3(m)128 452.92 Q F0
(Specif)21.67 E(ies magtape as opposed to DECtape.)-.2 E F3(0,...,7)128
468.96 Q F0(This modif)7.5 E(ier selects the dri)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
H 2.5(nw).15 G(hich the tape is mounted.)-2.5 E -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(rD).15 G
(ECtape, `x' is def)-2.5 E(ault; for)-.1 E(magtape `0' is the def)158
479.96 Q(ault.)-.1 E F3(v)128 496 Q F0(Normally)25 E F4(tp)2.5 E F0
(does its w)2.5 E(ork silently)-.1 E 5(.T)-.65 G(he)-5 E F3(v)2.5 E F0
(\(v)2.5 E(erbose\) option causes it to type the name of each)-.15 E -.2
(fi)158 507 S(le it treats preceded by the function letter).2 E 5(.W)
-.55 G(ith the)-5.4 E F3(t)2.5 E F0(function,)2.5 E F3(v)2.5 E F0(gi)2.5
E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sm).15 G(ore information)-2.5 E
(about the tape entries than just the name.)158 518 Q F3(c)128 534.04 Q
F0(means a fresh dump is being created; the tape directory is zeroed be\
fore be)25.56 E 2.5(ginning. Usable)-.15 F(on-)2.5 E(ly with)158 545.04
Q F3(r)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(u.)2.5 E F0
(This option is assumed with magtape since it is impossible to selecti)5
E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly o).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G(write magtape.)
158 556.04 Q F3(f)128 572.08 Q F0(causes ne)26.67 E 2.5(we)-.25 G
(ntries on tape to be `f)-2.5 E(ak)-.1 E
(e' in that no data is present for these entries.)-.1 E(Such f)5 E(ak)
-.1 E(e)-.1 E(entries cannot be e)158 583.08 Q 2.5(xtracted. Usable)-.15
F(only with)2.5 E F3(r)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(u.)2.5 E(i)128 599.12 Q F0
(Errors reading and writing the tape are noted, b)27.22 E
(ut no action is tak)-.2 E 2.5(en. Normally)-.1 F 2.5(,e)-.65 G
(rrors cause a)-2.5 E(return to the command le)158 610.12 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G(l.).15 E F3(w)128 626.16 Q F0(causes)22.78 E F4(tp)2.5 E F0
(to pause before treating each f)2.5 E(ile, type the indicati)-.2 E .3
-.15(ve l)-.25 H(etter and the f).15 E(ile name \(as with)-.2 E
(v\) and a)158 637.16 Q -.1(wa)-.15 G(it the user').1 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G
2.5(esponse. Response)-2.5 F F3(y)2.5 E F0(means `yes', so the f)2.5 E
(ile is treated.)-.2 E(Null response)5 E(means `no', and the f)158
648.16 Q(ile does not tak)-.2 E 2.5(ep)-.1 G(art in whate)-2.5 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ri).15 G 2.5(sb)-2.5 G(eing done.)-2.5 E(Response)5 E F3
(x)2.5 E F0(means `e)2.5 E(xit';)-.15 E(the)158 659.16 Q F4(tp)2.5 E F0
(command terminates immediately)2.5 E 5(.I)-.65 G 2.5(nt)-5 G(he)-2.5 E
F3(x)2.5 E F0(function, f)2.5 E(iles pre)-.2 E(viously ask)-.25 E
(ed about ha)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.2 G(been e)158 670.16 Q(xtracted already)
-.15 E 5(.W)-.65 G(ith)-5.4 E F3 1.84 -.92(r, u)2.5 H(,).92 E F0(and)2.5
E F3(d)2.5 E F0(no change has been made to the tape.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72
693.4 Q F0(/de)108 704.4 Q(v/tap?)-.25 E(/de)108 715.4 Q(v/mt?)-.25 E
2.5(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TP \( I \))72 58 R 187.062
(10/15/73 TP)189.562 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(DIA)72
105 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0(Se)108 116 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral; the non-ob).15
E(vious one is `Phase error', which means the f)-.15 E
(ile changed after it w)-.2 E(as selected for dump-)-.1 E(ing b)108 127
Q(ut before it w)-.2 E(as dumped.)-.1 E F1 -.08(BU)72 145.2 S(GS).08 E
F0 2.5(As)108 156.2 S(ingle f)-2.5 E(ile with se)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral links to it is treated lik).15 E 2.5(es)-.1 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.5
H(ral f).25 E(iles.)-.2 E 2.5(-8)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TR \( I \))72 58 R 188.452
(5/20/74 TR)190.952 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(tr)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(transliterate)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(tr)108
163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(cds)A F0 2.5(][s)2.5 G
(tring1 [ string2 ] ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF -.55(Tr)108 192.6 S F0(copies the standard input to \
the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected character\
s.)3.05 E(In-)5 E(put characters found in)108 203.6 Q F4(string1)2.5 E
F0(are mapped into the corresponding characters of)2.5 E F4(string2.)2.5
E F0(An)5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ombination)-2.5 E(of the options)108 214.6 Q
F2(-)2.5 E F3(cds)A F0(may be used.)2.5 E F2(-)5 E F3(c)A F0
(complements the set of characters in)2.5 E F4(string1)2.5 E F0
(with respect to the uni-)2.5 E -.15(ve)108 225.6 S
(rse of characters whose ascii codes are 001 through 377 octal.).15 E F2
(-)5 E F3(d)A F0(deletes all input characters in)2.5 E F4(string1.)2.5 E
F2(-)108 236.6 Q F3(s)A F0
(squeezes all strings of repeated output characters that are in)2.5 E F4
(string2)2.5 E F0(to single characters.)2.5 E(The follo)108 252.64 Q
(wing abbre)-.25 E(viation con)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(ntions may be used \
to introduce ranges of characters or repeated charac-).15 E
(ters into the strings:)108 263.64 Q F3([)108 279.68 Q F4(a)A F2(-)1.666
E F4(b)A F3(])1.666 E F0(stands for the string of characters whose asci\
i codes run from character)2.5 E F4(a)2.5 E F0(to character)2.5 E F4 -.4
(b.)2.5 G F3([)108 295.72 Q F4(a)A F3(*)1.666 E F4(n)A F3(])1.666 E F0
2.5(,w)C(here)-2.5 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(is an inte)2.5 E(ger or empty)-.15 E
2.5(,s)-.65 G(tands for)-2.5 E F4(n)2.5 E F0
(-fold repetition of character)A F4 2.5(a. n)2.5 F F0(is tak)2.5 E
(en to be octal or)-.1 E(decimal according as its f)108 306.72 Q
(irst digit is or is not zero.)-.2 E 2.5(Az)5 G(ero or missing)-2.5 E F4
(n)2.5 E F0(is tak)2.5 E(en to be huge; this f)-.1 E(acility is)-.1 E
(useful for padding)108 317.72 Q F4(string2.)2.5 E F0
(The escape character `\\' may be used as in)108 333.76 Q F4(sh)2.5 E F0
(to remo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.15 H(pecial meaning from an).15 E 2.5(yc)
-.15 G(haracter in a string.)-2.5 E(In)5 E(addition, `\\' follo)108
344.76 Q(wed by 1, 2 or 3 octal digits stands for the character whose a\
scii code is gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nb).15 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G(hose)
-2.5 E(digits.)108 355.76 Q(The follo)108 371.8 Q(wing e)-.25 E
(xample creates a list of all the w)-.15 E(ords in `f)-.1 E
(ile1' one per line in `f)-.2 E(ile2', where a w)-.2 E(ord is tak)-.1 E
(en)-.1 E(to be a maximal string of alphabetics.)108 382.8 Q(The string\
s are quoted to protect the special characters from interpre-)5 E
(tation by the Shell; 012 is the ascii code for ne)108 393.8 Q(wline.)
-.25 E(tr)188 409.84 Q F2(-)2.5 E F0(cs "[A)A F2(-)A F0(Z][a)A F2(-)A F0
(z]" "[\\012*]" <f)A(ile1 >f)-.2 E(ile2)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 428.04 Q F0
(sh \(I\), ed \(I\), ascii \(V\))108 439.04 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 457.24 S(GS)
.08 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 468.24 S(n').8 E 2.5(th)-.18 G(andle ascii NUL in)
-2.5 E F4(string1)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F4(string2;)2.5 E F0(al)2.5 E -.1
(wa)-.1 G(ys deletes NUL from input.).1 E 2.5(-9)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(TR)72 58 Q -.834(OFF \( I \))-.4 F
170.512(4/15/75 TR)173.012 F -.834(OFF \( I \))-.4 F/F1 8/Times-Bold@0
SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(trof)108 134.2 Q(f)-.25 E/F2 10/Symbol
SF(-)5 E F0(format te)5 E(xt)-.15 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(tr)108 163.4 Q(off)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F3(+)2.5 E/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3
<ad73>A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3<ad6e>A F4(n)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3<ad72>
A F4(an)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3<ad6d>A F4(name)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3
(t)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(f)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(w)A F0 2.5
(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(a)A F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3<ad70>A F4(n)A F0 2.5(]f)2.5 G
(iles)-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F4 -1.85 -.55(Tr o)108 192.6 T
-.18(ff).55 G F0(formats te)2.68 E(xt for a Graphic Systems phototypese\
tter according to control lines embedded in the te)-.15 E(xt)-.15 E -.2
(fi)108 203.6 S 2.5(les. It).2 F(reads the standard input if no f)2.5 E
(ile ar)-.2 E(guments are gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(n. An).15 F(ar)
2.5 E(gument of just `)-.18 E(`\255')-.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G
(efers to the stan-)-2.5 E(dard input.)108 214.6 Q(The non-f)5 E
(ile option ar)-.2 E(guments are interpreted as follo)-.18 E(ws:)-.25 E
F3(+)108 230.64 Q F4(n)A F0(Commence typesetting at the f)39.3 E
(irst page numbered)-.2 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(or lar)2.5 E(ger)-.18 E(.)-.55 E
F2(-)108 246.68 Q F4(n)A F0(Stop after page)39.51 E F4(n.)2.5 E F3<ad73>
108 262.72 Q F4(n)A F0(Print output in groups of)35.41 E F4(n)2.5 E F0
(pages, stopping the typesetter after each group.)2.5 E F3<ad6e>108
278.76 Q F4(n)A F0
(First generated \(not necessarily printed\) page is gi)33.74 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(he number)-2.5 E F4(n;)2.5 E F0(simulates `)2.5 E
(`.pn|)-.74 E F4(n)A F0 -.74('')C(.).74 E F3<ad72>108 294.8 Q F4(an)A F0
(Set number re)29.86 E(gister)-.15 E F4(a)2.5 E F0(to the v)2.5 E(alue)
-.25 E F4(n.)2.5 E F3<ad6d>108 310.84 Q F4(name)A F0
(Prepends a standard macro f)14.31 E(ile; simulates `)-.2 E
(`.so /usr/lib/tmac.)-.74 E F4(name)A F0 -.74('')C(.).74 E F2(-)108
326.88 Q F3(t)A F0
(Place output on standard output instead of the phototypesetter)41.18 E
(.)-.55 E F2(-)108 342.92 Q F3(f)A F0(Refrain from feeding out paper an\
d stopping the phototypesetter at the end.)41.18 E F2(-)108 358.96 Q F3
(w)A F0 -.8(Wa)37.29 G(it until phototypesetter is a).8 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable, if currently b).25 E(usy)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F2(-)108 375 Q F3(a)A
F0
(Send a printable approximation of the results to the standard output.)
39.51 E F3<ad70>108 391.04 Q F4(n)A F0
(Print all characters with point-size)33.74 E F4(n)2.5 E F0
(while retaining all prescribed spacings and motions.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72
414.28 Q F0 13.94(/usr/lib/suftab suf)108 425.28 R -.2(fi)-.25 G 2.5(xh)
.2 G(yphenation tables)-2.55 E 30.05(/tmp/rtm? temporary)108 436.28 R
11.44(/usr/lib/tmac.* standard)108 447.28 R(macro f)2.5 E(iles)-.2 E F1
(SEE ALSO)72 465.48 Q F0(TR)108 476.48 Q(OFF User')-.4 E 2.5(sM)-.55 G
(anual \(internal memorandum\).)-2.5 E(TR)108 487.48 Q(OFF Made T)-.4 E
(ri)-.35 E(vial \(internal memorandum\).)-.25 E(nrof)108 498.48 Q 2.5
(f\()-.25 G(I\), eqn \(I\), catsim \(VI\))-2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72 516.68 S
(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-9)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TTY \( I \))72 58 R 181.792
(3/15/72 TTY)184.292 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(tty)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(get type)2.5 E(writer name)-.25 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(tty)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Tty)108 192.6 Q F0(gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(st).15
G(he name of the user')-2.5 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(ype)-2.5 E
(writer in the form `tty)-.25 E F4(n)A F0 2.5('f)C(or)-2.5 E F4(n)2.5 E
F0 2.5(ad)2.5 G(igit or letter)-2.5 E 5(.T)-.55 G
(he actual path name is)-5 E(then `/de)108 203.6 Q(v/tty)-.25 E F4(n)A
F0('.)A F1(DIA)72 221.8 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0
(`not a tty' if the standard input f)108 232.8 Q(ile is not a type)-.2 E
(writer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.08(BU)72 251 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-9)295.17
767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TYPO \( I \))72 58 R 175.122
(5/15/74 TYPO)177.622 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(typo)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
-.2(fi)2.5 G(nd possible typos).2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(typo)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(1)A F0 2.5
(][)2.5 G F2(-)A F3(n)A F0 2.5(]f)2.5 G(ile ...)-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.74(Ty)108 192.6 S(po).74 E F0
(hunts through a document for unusual w)2.5 E
(ords, typographic errors, and)-.1 E F4(hapax le)2.5 E(gomena)-.4 E F0
(and prints them)2.5 E(on the standard output.)108 203.6 Q(The w)108
219.64 Q(ords used in the document are printed out in decreasing order \
of peculiarity along with an inde)-.1 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G(f)-2.5 E
(peculiarity)108 230.64 Q 5(.A)-.65 G 2.5(ni)-5 G(nde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15
G 2.5(f1)-2.5 G 2.5(0o)-2.5 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore is considered peculiar)
-2.5 E 5(.P)-.55 G(rinting of certain v)-5 E(ery common English w)-.15 E
(ords)-.1 E(is suppressed.)108 241.64 Q(The statistics for judging w)108
257.68 Q(ords are tak)-.1 E
(en from the document itself, with some help from kno)-.1 E
(wn statistics of)-.25 E 2.5(English. The)108 268.68 R F2(-)2.5 E F3(n)A
F0(option suppresses the help from English and should be used if the do\
cument is written in,)2.5 E(for e)108 279.68 Q(xample, Urdu.)-.15 E(The)
108 295.72 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(1)A F0(option causes the f)2.5 E
(inal output to appear in a single column instead of three columns.)-.2
E(The normal)5 E(header and pagination is also suppressed.)108 306.72 Q
(Rof)108 322.76 Q 2.5(f\()-.25 G(I\) and nrof)-2.5 E 2.5(f\()-.25 G
(I\) control lines are ignored.)-2.5 E(Upper case is mapped into lo)5 E
(wer case.)-.25 E(Quote marks, v)5 E(erti-)-.15 E(cal bars, h)108 333.76
Q(yphens, and ampersands within w)-.05 E(ords are equi)-.1 E -.25(va)
-.25 G(lent to spaces.).25 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rds h).8 E
(yphenated across lines)-.05 E(are put back together)108 344.76 Q(.)-.55
E F1(FILES)72 362.96 Q F0(/tmp/ttmp??)108 373.96 Q(/usr/lib/salt)108
384.96 Q(/usr/lib/w2006)108 395.96 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 414.16 S(GS).08 E F0
(Because of the mapping into lo)108 425.16 Q
(wer case and the stripping of special characters, w)-.25 E
(ords may be hard to locate)-.1 E(in the original te)108 436.16 Q(xt.)
-.15 E(The escape sequences of trof)108 452.2 Q 2.5(f\()-.25 G
(I\) are not correctly recognized.)-2.5 E 2.5(-9)295.17 767 S 2.5(3-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(UNIQ \( I \))72 58 R 176.242
(12/1/72 UNIQ)178.742 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(uniq)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(report repeated lines in a f)2.5 E(ile)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(uniq)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(udc)A F0([)
2.5 E F3(+)2.5 E F0 2.5(n][)C F2(-)A F0 2.5(n]][i)C(nput [ output ] ])
-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Uniq)108 192.6
Q F0(reads the input f)2.5 E(ile comparing adjacent lines.)-.2 E
(In the normal case, the second and succeeding copies of)5 E
(repeated lines are remo)108 203.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(d; the remainder is written on the output f).15 E 2.5(ile. Note)-.2 F
(that repeated lines must be ad-)2.5 E
(jacent in order to be found; see sort\(I\).)108 214.6 Q(If the)5 E F2
(-)2.5 E F3(u)A F0
(flag is used, just the lines that are not repeated in the origi-)2.5 E
(nal f)108 225.6 Q(ile are output.)-.2 E(The)5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(d)A F0
(option specif)2.5 E(ies that one cop)-.2 E 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5(fj)-2.5 G
(ust the repeated lines is to be written.)-2.5 E(The)5 E
(normal mode output is the union of the)108 236.6 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(u)A F0
(and)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(d)A F0(mode outputs.)2.5 E(The)108 252.64 Q F2
(-)2.5 E F3(c)A F0(option supersedes)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(u)A F0(and)2.5
E F2(-)2.5 E F3(d)A F0(and generates an output report in def)2.5 E
(ault style b)-.1 E(ut with each line pre-)-.2 E
(ceded by a count of the number of times it occurred.)108 263.64 Q(The)
108 279.68 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments specify skipping an initial\
 portion of each line in the comparison:)-.18 E F2(-)128 295.72 Q F4(n)A
F0(The f)9.51 E(irst)-.2 E F4(n)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G
(elds together with an).2 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G
(lanks before each are ignored.)-2.5 E 2.5(Af)5 G(ield is def)-2.7 E
(ined as a string)-.2 E(of non-space, non-tab characters separated by t\
abs and spaces from its neighbors.)148 306.72 Q F3(+)128 322.76 Q F4(n)A
F0(The f)9.3 E(irst)-.2 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(characters are ignored.)2.5 E
(Fields are skipped before characters.)5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 346 Q F0
(sort \(I\), comm \(I\))108 357 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 375.2 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5
(-9)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -1.2(WA)72 58 S -.834(IT \( I \))1.2 F
178.832(4/9/73 W)181.332 F -.834(AIT \( I \))-1.2 F/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0 -.1(wa)108 134.2 S(it).1 E/F2 10/Symbol
SF(-)2.5 E F0 -2.3 -.15(aw a)2.5 H(it completion of process).15 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wait)108 163.4 Q F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 -.8(Wa)108 192.6 S
(it until all processes started with).8 E F3(&)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve c)-.2 H(ompleted, and report on abnormal terminations.).15 E
(Because)108 208.64 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sys wait)2.5 E F0
(must be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted in the parent process, the Shell itself e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutes).15 E F4(wait,)2.5 E F0(without creating a)2.5 E(ne)108 219.64 Q
2.5(wp)-.25 G(rocess.)-2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 237.84 Q F0(sh \(I\))108
248.84 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 267.04 S(GS).08 E F0(After e)108 278.04 Q -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F4(wait)2.5 E F0(you are committed to w)2.5 E
(aiting until termination, because interrupts and quits are ig-)-.1 E
(nored by all processes concerned.)108 289.04 Q
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2.5 G(rd count).1 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(wc)108
163.4 Q F0 2.5([n)2.5 G(ame ... ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Wc)108 192.6 Q F0(counts lines and w)2.5 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(WHO \( I \))72 58 R 177.352
(3/15/72 WHO)179.852 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(who)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(who is on the system)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(who)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([w)2.5 G(ho-f)-2.5 E(ile ] [)-.2 E F3(am I)2.5 E
F0(])2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Who,)108
192.6 Q F0(without an ar)2.5 E(gument, lists the name, type)-.18 E
(writer channel, and login time for each current UNIX user)-.25 E(.)-.55
E -.4(Wi)108 208.64 S(thout an ar).4 E(gument,)-.18 E F4(who)2.5 E F0
-.15(ex)2.5 G(amines the /etc/utmp f).15 E
(ile to obtain its information.)-.2 E(If a f)5 E(ile is gi)-.2 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(n, that f).15 E(ile is)-.2 E -.15(ex)108 219.64 S 2.5
(amined. T).15 F(ypically the gi)-.8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nf).15 G(ile \
will be /usr/adm/wtmp, which contains a record of all the logins since \
it)-2.7 E -.1(wa)108 230.64 S 2.5(sc).1 G 2.5(reated. Then)-2.5 F F4
(who)2.5 E F0
(lists logins, logouts, and crashes since the creation of the wtmp f)2.5
E 2.5(ile. Each)-.2 F(login is)2.5 E(listed with user name, type)108
241.64 Q(writer name \(with `/de)-.25 E
(v/' suppressed\), and date and time.)-.25 E(When an ar)5 E(gument is)
-.18 E(gi)108 252.64 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n, logouts produce a similar line without a user name.).15 E
(Reboots produce a line with `x' in the place of)5 E(the de)108 263.64 Q
(vice name, and a fossil time indicati)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5
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(th tw).4 E 2.5(oa)-.1 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments,).18 E F4(who)2.5 E F0
(beha)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(sa).15 G 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5
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(xcept for restricting the printout to the line for)-.15 E
(the current type)108 290.68 Q(writer)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(hus `who am I'\
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(FILES)72 308.88 Q F0(/etc/utmp)108 319.88 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 338.08 Q F0
(login \(I\), init \(VIII\))108 349.08 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 367.28 S(GS).08 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(WRITE \( I \))72 58 R 172.072
(8/5/73 WRITE)174.572 F 1.666(\(I\))1.666 G/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16
(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(write)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0
(write to another user)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(write)108 163.4 Q F0(user [ ttyno ])2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Write)108 192.6 Q F0(copies lines from your type)
2.5 E(writer to that of another user)-.25 E 5(.W)-.55 G(hen f)-5 E
(irst called, it sends the message)-.2 E(message from yourname...)120.5
208.64 Q(The recipient of the message should write back at this point.)
108 224.68 Q(Communication continues until an end of f)5 E(ile)-.2 E
(is read from the type)108 235.68 Q(writer or an interrupt is sent.)-.25
E(At that point)5 E F4(write)2.5 E F0(writes `EO)2.5 E
(T' on the other terminal)-.4 E(and e)108 246.68 Q(xits.)-.15 E
(If you w)108 262.72 Q
(ant to write to a user who is logged in more than once, the)-.1 E F4
(ttyno)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(gument may be used to indicate)-.18 E
(the last character of the appropriate type)108 273.72 Q(writer name.)
-.25 E(Permission to write may be denied or granted by use of the)108
289.76 Q F4(mesg)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. At)2.5 F
(the outset writing is al-)2.5 E(lo)108 300.76 Q 2.5(wed. Certain)-.25 F
(commands, in particular)2.5 E F4 -.45(ro)2.5 G -.18(ff).45 G F0(and)
2.68 E F4(pr)2.5 E(,)-1.11 E F0(disallo)2.5 E 2.5(wm)-.25 G
(essages in order to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt messy output.).15 E
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(cute the rest of the line as a).15 E(command.)108 327.8 Q(The follo)108
343.84 Q(wing protocol is suggested for using)-.25 E F4(write:)2.5 E F0
(when you f)2.5 E(irst write to another user)-.2 E 2.5(,w)-.4 G
(ait for him to)-2.6 E(write back before starting to send.)108 354.84 Q
(Each party should end each message with a distincti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H(ignal \().15 E F3(\(o\))2.5 E F0(for)2.5 E(`o)108 365.84 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(r' is con).15 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(ntional\) that the other may reply).15 E(.)-.65 E F3(\(oo\))5 E F0
(\(for `o)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(ra).15 G
(nd out'\) is suggested when con)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsation is).15 E
(about to be terminated.)108 376.84 Q F1(FILES)72 395.04 Q F0 31.72
(/etc/utmp to)108 406.04 R -.2(fi)2.5 G(nd user).2 E 6.27(/bin/sh to)108
417.04 R -.15(exe)2.5 G(cute `!').15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 435.24 Q F0
(mesg \(I\), who \(I\), mail \(I\))108 446.24 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 464.44 S
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.5 -1.2(YA C)72 58 T 169.22 1.666
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/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(yet another compiler)2.5 E(-compiler)-.2 E
F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(yacc)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E
F2(-)2.5 E F3 -.1(vo)C(r).1 E F0 2.5(][g)2.5 G(rammar ])-2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.92(Ya)108 192.6 S(cc)
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(xt-free grammar into a set of tables for a simple automaton which e)
-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes an LR\(1\)).15 E(parsing algorithm.)108
203.6 Q(The grammar may be ambiguous; specif)5 E
(ied precedence rules are used to break ambigui-)-.2 E(ties.)108 214.6 Q
(The output is)108 230.64 Q F4 -.55(y.)2.5 G(tab).55 E(.c,)-.4 E F0
(which must be compiled by the C compiler and loaded with an)2.5 E 2.5
(yo)-.15 G(ther routines re-)-2.5 E(quired \(perhaps a le)108 241.64 Q
(xical analyzer\) and the Y)-.15 E(acc library:)-1 E(cc y)144 257.68 Q
(.tab)-.65 E(.c other)-.4 E(.o)-.55 E F2(-)2.5 E F0(ly)A(If the)108
273.72 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(v)A F0(flag is gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, the f)
.15 E(ile)-.2 E F4 -.55(y.)2.5 G(output).55 E F0
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2.5 E(report on conflicts generated by ambiguities in the grammar)108
284.72 Q(.)-.55 E(The)108 300.76 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(o)A F0(flag calls an o\
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(The)108 327.8 Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(r)A F0(flag causes Y)2.5 E(acc to accept\
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(y.)2.5 G(tab).55 E(.r;)-.4 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(r)A F0(implies the)108 338.8
Q F2(-)2.5 E F3(o)A F0 2.5(flag. T)2.5 F(ypical usage is then)-.8 E
(rc y)144 354.84 Q(.tab)-.65 E(.r other)-.4 E(.o)-.55 E F1(SEE ALSO)72
378.08 Q F0 -.74(``)108 389.08 S(LR P).74 E(arsing')-.15 E(', by A. V)
-.74 E 2.5(.A)-1.29 G(ho and S. C. Johnson, Computing Surv)-2.5 E -.15
(ey)-.15 G(s, June, 1974.).15 E -.74(``)5 G(The Y).74 E -.4(AC)-1.2 G
2.5(CC).4 G(ompiler)-2.5 E(-)-.2 E(compiler')108 400.08 Q
(', internal memorandum.)-.74 E F1 -.4(AU)72 418.28 S(THOR).4 E F0
(S. C. Johnson)108 429.28 Q F1(FILES)72 447.48 Q F0 -.65(y.)108 458.48 S
(output).65 E -.65(y.)108 469.48 S(tab).65 E(.c)-.4 E -.65(y.)108 480.48
S(tab).65 E 81(.r when)-.4 F(ratfor output is obtained)2.5 E 69.12
(yacc.tmp when)108 491.48 R(optimizer is called)2.5 E(/lib/liby)108
502.48 Q 67.53(.a runtime)-.65 F(library for compiler)2.5 E
(/usr/yacc/fpar)108 513.48 Q 9.24(.r ratfor)-.55 F(parser)2.5 E
(/usr/yacc/opar)108 524.48 Q 6.46(.c parser)-.55 F(for optimized tables)
2.5 E 46.06(/usr/yacc/yopti optimizer)108 535.48 R(postpass)2.5 E F1
(DIA)72 553.68 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0(The number of reduce-reduce and shi\
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108 564.68 Q(report is found in the)108 575.68 Q F4 -.55(y.)2.5 G
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