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(2/9/75 HT)185.682 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ht)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(RH-11/TU-16 magtape interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q F0 .739(The f)108 163.4 R(iles)-.2 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF .739(mt0, ..., mt7)3.239 F F0 .738
(refer to the DEC RH/TM/TU16 magtape.)3.238 F .738
(When opened for reading or writing, the)5.738 F .142(tape is re)108
174.4 R -.1(wo)-.25 G 2.642(und. When).1 F .142(closed, it is re)2.642 F
-.1(wo)-.25 G .143(und; if it w).1 F .143
(as open for writing, a double end-of-f)-.1 F .143(ile is written f)-.2
F(irst.)-.2 E 3.236(As)108 190.44 S .736(tandard tape consists of a ser\
ies of 512 byte records terminated by a double end-of-f)-3.236 F 3.235
(ile. T)-.2 F 3.235(ot)-.8 G .735(he e)-3.235 F(xtent)-.15 E .76
(possible, the system mak)108 201.44 R .76(es it possible, if inef)-.1 F
-.2(fi)-.25 G .76(cient, to treat the tape lik).2 F 3.26(ea)-.1 G 1.06
-.15(ny o)-3.26 H .76(ther f).15 F 3.26(ile. Seeks)-.2 F(ha)3.26 E 1.06
-.15(ve t)-.2 H(heir).15 E .104
(usual meaning and it is possible to read or write a byte at a time.)108
212.44 R .104(Writing in v)5.104 F .103(ery small units is inadvisable,)
-.15 F(ho)108 223.44 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .8 -.4(r, b).15 H
(ecause it tends to create monstrous record g).4 E(aps.)-.05 E(The)108
239.48 Q F3(mt)2.773 E F0 -.2(fi)2.773 G .273(les discussed abo).2 F
.573 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .273
(re useful when it is desired to access the tape in a w).15 F .273
(ay compatible with ordi-)-.1 F .102(nary f)108 250.48 R 2.602
(iles. When)-.2 F .102(foreign tapes are to be dealt with, and especial\
ly when long records are to be read or writ-)2.602 F .537(ten, the `)108
261.48 R(`ra)-.74 E(w')-.15 E 3.037('i)-.74 G(nterf)-3.037 E .537
(ace is appropriate.)-.1 F .537(The associated f)5.537 F .537
(iles are named)-.2 F F3 .537(rmt0, ..., rmt7.)3.037 F F0(Each)5.537 E
F3 -.37(re)3.037 G(ad).37 E F0(or)3.037 E F3(write)3.038 E F0 1.179
(call reads or writes the ne)108 272.48 R 1.179(xt record on the tape.)
-.15 F 1.179(In the write case the record has the same length as the)
6.179 F -.2(bu)108 283.48 S -.25(ff).2 G .766(er gi).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.266(n. During).15 F 3.266(ar)3.266 G .766
(ead, the record size is passed back as the number of bytes read, pro)
-3.266 F .766(vided it is no)-.15 F .376(greater than the b)108 294.48 R
(uf)-.2 E .376(fer size; if the record is long, an error is indicated.)
-.25 F .376(In ra)5.376 F 2.875(wt)-.15 G .375(ape I/O, the b)-2.875 F
(uf)-.2 E .375(fer must be-)-.25 F .491(gin on a w)108 305.48 R .491
(ord boundary and the count must be e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.991
(n. Seeks).15 F .491(are ignored.)2.991 F .491
(An error is returned when a tape)5.491 F(mark is read, b)108 316.48 Q
(ut another read will fetch the f)-.2 E(irst record of the ne)-.2 E 2.5
(wt)-.25 G(ape f)-2.5 E(ile.)-.2 E F1(FILES)72 334.68 Q F0(/de)108
345.68 Q(v/mt?, /de)-.25 E(v/rmt?)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 363.88 Q F0
(tp \(I\))108 374.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 393.08 S(GS).08 E F0(Ra)108 404.08
Q 3.088(wI)-.15 G .588(/O doesnt w)-3.088 F .588(ork yet.)-.1 F .588
(The magtape system is supposed to be able to tak)5.588 F 3.087(e6)-.1 G
3.087(4d)-3.087 G(ri)-3.087 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.087(s. Such).15 F
(addressing)3.087 E(has ne)108 415.08 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rb).15 G
(een tried.)-2.5 E(These b)5 E(ugs will be f)-.2 E(ix)-.2 E
(ed when we get more e)-.15 E(xperience with this de)-.15 E(vice.)-.25 E
.002(If an)108 431.12 R 2.502(yn)-.15 G .002
(on-data error is encountered, it refuses to do an)-2.502 F .002
(ything more until closed.)-.15 F .002(In ra)5.002 F 2.502(wI)-.15 G
.003(/O, there should be)-2.502 F 2.5(aw)108 442.12 S
(ay to perform forw)-2.6 E(ard and backw)-.1 E(ard record and f)-.1 E
(ile spacing and to write an EOF mark.)-.2 E 2.5(-8-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(KL \( IV \))72 58 R 180.682
(5/27/74 KL)183.182 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(kl)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(KL-11 or DL-11 asynchronous interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E
F1(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q F0(The discussion of type)108 163.4 Q
(writer I/O gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G
(ty \(IV\) applies to these de)-2.5 E(vices.)-.25 E(Since the)108 179.44
Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G(un at a constant speed, attempts to change the speed vi\
a stty \(II\) are ignored.)-2.5 E .638(The on-line console type)108
195.48 R .638(writer is interf)-.25 F .638(aced using a KL-11 or DL-11.)
-.1 F .638(By appropriate switch settings dur)5.638 F(-)-.2 E(ing a reb\
oot, UNIX will come up as a single-user system with I/O on the console \
type)108 206.48 Q(writer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1(FILES)72 224.68 Q F0(/de)108
235.68 Q -1.81(v/tty8 console)-.25 F F1(SEE ALSO)72 253.88 Q F0
(tty \(IV\), init \(VIII\))108 264.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 283.08 S(GS).08 E
F0(Modem control for the DL-11E is not implemented.)108 294.08 Q 2.5
(-9-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(LP \( IV \))72 58 R 182.342
(5/27/74 LP)184.842 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(lp)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(line printer)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Lp)108 163.4 Q F0(pro)2.951 E .451(vides the interf)
-.15 F .451(ace to an)-.1 F 2.951(yo)-.15 G 2.951(ft)-2.951 G .452
(he standard DEC line printers.)-2.951 F .452
(When it is opened or closed, a suitable)5.452 F
(number of page ejects is generated.)108 174.4 Q
(Bytes written are printed.)5 E .689
(An internal parameter within the dri)108 190.44 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.189
(rd).15 G .688(etermines whether or not the de)-3.189 F .688
(vice is treated as ha)-.25 F .688(ving a 96- or)-.2 F .715
(64-character set.)108 201.44 R .715(In half-ASCII mode, lo)5.715 F .715
(wer case letters are turned into upper case and certain characters)-.25
F(are escaped according to the follo)108 212.44 Q(wing table:)-.25 E
21.28({\()133 228.48 S F2(-)-25.69 E F0 21.28(}\))133 239.48 S F2(-)
-25.69 E F0 22.75<92b4>133 250.48 S F2(-)-27.16 E F0 24.08(|!)133 261.48
S F2(-)-28.49 E F0 22.75(~^)133 272.48 S F2(-)-27.16 E F0 .616(The dri)
108 288.52 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.116(rc).15 G .616(orrectly interprets car\
riage returns, backspaces, tabs, and form feeds.)-3.116 F 3.115(As)5.615
G .615(equence of ne)-3.115 F(wlines)-.25 E .322(which e)108 299.52 R
.322(xtends o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.822(rt).15 G .322
(he end of a page is turned into a form feed.)-2.822 F .322
(All lines are indented 8 characters.)5.322 F(Lines)5.322 E .374
(longer than 80 characters are truncated.)108 310.52 R .373
(These numbers are parameters in the dri)5.373 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .373
(r; another parameter al-).15 F(lo)108 321.52 Q
(ws indenting all printout if it is unpleasantly near the left mar)-.25
E(gin.)-.18 E F1(FILES)72 339.72 Q F0(/de)108 350.72 Q(v/lp)-.25 E F1
(SEE ALSO)72 368.92 Q F0(lpr \(I\))108 379.92 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 398.12 S
(GS).08 E F0 .871(Half-ASCII mode, the indent and the maximum line leng\
th should be settable by a call analogous to stty)108 409.12 R(\(II\).)
108 420.12 Q 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MEM \( IV \))72 58 R 170.122
(5/27/74 MEM)172.622 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mem, kmem, null)108
134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(core memory)5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4
Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Mem)108 163.4 Q F0 .288(is a special f)2.788 F
.287(ile that is an image of the core memory of the computer)-.2 F 5.287
(.I)-.55 G 2.787(tm)-5.287 G .287(ay be used, for e)-2.787 F .287
(xample, to)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 174.4 S(amine, and e).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(nt).15 G 2.5(op)-2.5 G(atch the system using the deb)-2.5 E(ugger)
-.2 E(.)-.55 E 3.134(Am)108 190.44 S .634
(emory address is an 18-bit quantity which is used directly as a UNIB)
-3.134 F .634(US address.)-.1 F .635(References to non-)5.634 F -.15(ex)
108 201.44 S(istent locations cause errors to be returned.).15 E .238
(Examining and patching de)108 217.48 R .238(vice re)-.25 F .238
(gisters is lik)-.15 F .237(ely to lead to une)-.1 F .237
(xpected results when read-only or write-on-)-.15 F
(ly bits are present.)108 228.48 Q .946(The f)108 244.52 R(ile)-.2 E F3
(kmem)3.446 E F0 .946(is the same as)3.446 F F3(mem)3.447 E F0 -.15(ex)
3.447 G .947(cept that k).15 F .947(ernel virtual memory rather than ph)
-.1 F .947(ysical memory is ac-)-.05 F 3.49(cessed. In)108 255.52 R
(particular)3.49 E 3.49(,t)-.4 G .99(he I/O area of)-3.49 F F3(kmem)3.49
E F0 .989(is located be)3.489 F .989
(ginning at 160000 \(octal\) rather than at 760000.)-.15 F(The 1K re)108
266.52 Q(gion be)-.15 E(ginning at 140000 \(octal\) is the system')-.15
E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata for the current process.)-2.5 E(The f)108 282.56 Q
(ile)-.2 E F3(null)2.5 E F0(returns end-of-f)2.5 E(ile on)-.2 E F3 -.37
(re)2.5 G(ad).37 E F0(and ignores)2.5 E F3(write)2.5 E(.)-.15 E F1
(FILES)72 300.76 Q F0(/de)108 311.76 Q(v/mem, /de)-.25 E(v/kmem, /de)
-.25 E(v/null)-.25 E 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(PC \( IV \))72 58 R 179.282
(10/15/73 PC)181.782 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(pc)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(PC-11 paper tape reader/punch)5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ppt)108 163.4 Q F0(refers to the PC-11 \
paper tape reader or punch, depending on whether it is read or written.)
2.5 E(When)108 179.44 Q F3(ppt)2.58 E F0 .08
(is opened for writing, a 100-character leader is punched.)2.58 F .081
(Thereafter each byte written is punched)5.081 F .823(on the tape.)108
190.44 R .823(No editing of the characters is performed.)5.823 F .823
(When the f)5.823 F .822(ile is closed, a 100-character trailer is)-.2 F
(punched.)108 201.44 Q(When)108 217.48 Q F3(ppt)2.526 E F0 .026
(is opened for reading, the process w)2.526 F .027
(aits until tape is placed in the reader and the reader is on-line.)-.1
F .036(Then requests to read cause the characters read to be passed bac\
k to the program, ag)108 228.48 R .035(ain without an)-.05 F 2.535(ye)
-.15 G(diting.)-2.535 E .055(This means that se)108 239.48 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .055(ral null leader characters will usually appear at the be).15
F .056(ginning of the f)-.15 F 2.556(ile. Lik)-.2 F -.25(ew)-.1 G .056
(ise se).25 F(v-)-.25 E(eral nulls are lik)108 250.48 Q
(ely to appear at the end.)-.1 E(End-of-f)5 E
(ile is generated when the tape runs out.)-.2 E(Seek calls for this f)
108 266.52 Q(ile are meaningless.)-.2 E F1(FILES)72 284.72 Q F0(/de)108
295.72 Q(v/ppt)-.25 E F1 -.08(BU)72 313.92 S(GS).08 E F0 .221
(If both the reader and the punch are open simultaneously)108 324.92 R
2.721(,t)-.65 G .221(he trailer is sometimes not punched.)-2.721 F
(Sometimes)5.221 E
(the reader goes into a dead state in which it cannot be opened.)108
335.92 Q 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(RF \( IV \))72 58 R 179.282
(10/15/73 RF)181.782 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(rf)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(RF11/RS11 f)2.5 E(ix)-.2 E(ed-head disk f)-.15 E
(ile)-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q F0(This f)108 163.4 Q
(ile refers to the concatenation of all RS-11 disks.)-.2 E .45
(Each disk contains 1024 256-w)108 179.44 R .45(ord blocks.)-.1 F .451
(The length of the combined RF f)5.451 F .451(ile is 1024)-.2 F F2<b4>A
F0 .451(\(minor+1\) blocks.)B(That is minor de)108 190.44 Q
(vice zero is tak)-.25 E(en to be 1024 blocks long; minor de)-.1 E
(vice one is 2048, etc.)-.25 E(The)108 206.48 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(rf0)3.429 E F0 -.2(fi)3.429 G .928
(le accesses the disk via the system').2 F 3.428(sn)-.55 G .928(ormal b)
-3.428 F(uf)-.2 E .928(fering mechanism and may be read and written)-.25
F .091(without re)108 217.48 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .091(rd to ph).05 F .091
(ysical disk records.)-.05 F .091(There is also a `)5.091 F(`ra)-.74 E
(w')-.15 E 2.591('i)-.74 G(nterf)-2.591 E .091(ace which pro)-.1 F .092
(vides for direct transmis-)-.15 F .496
(sion between the disk and the user')108 228.48 R 2.996(sr)-.55 G .496
(ead or write b)-2.996 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.495(.A)-.55 G .495
(single read or write call results in e)-2.5 F .495(xactly one)-.15 F
.512(I/O operation and therefore ra)108 239.48 R 3.012(wI)-.15 G .512
(/O is considerably more ef)-3.012 F -.2(fi)-.25 G .512(cient when man)
.2 F 3.012(yw)-.15 G .512(ords are transmitted.)-3.112 F(The)5.512 E
.258(name of the ra)108 250.48 R 2.758(wR)-.15 G 2.758(Ff)-2.758 G .258
(ile is)-2.958 F F3(rrf0.)2.758 E F0 .258(The same minor de)5.258 F .258
(vice considerations hold for the ra)-.25 F 2.758(wi)-.15 G(nterf)-2.758
E .258(ace as for the)-.1 F(normal interf)108 261.48 Q(ace.)-.1 E .354
(In ra)108 277.52 R 2.854(wI)-.15 G .354(/O the b)-2.854 F(uf)-.2 E .354
(fer must be)-.25 F .355(gin on a w)-.15 F .355(ord boundary)-.1 F 2.855
(,a)-.65 G .355(nd counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes \(a disk)
-2.855 F 2.5(block\). Lik)108 288.52 R -.25(ew)-.1 G(ise).25 E F3(seek)
2.5 E F0(calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72
306.72 Q F0(/de)108 317.72 Q(v/rf0, /de)-.25 E(v/rrf0)-.25 E F1 -.08(BU)
72 335.92 S(GS).08 E F0(The 512-byte restrictions on the ra)108 346.92 Q
2.5(wd)-.15 G -.25(ev)-2.5 G(ice are not ph).25 E(ysically necessary)
-.05 E 2.5(,b)-.65 G(ut are still imposed.)-2.7 E 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(RK \( IV \))72 58 R 177.622
(10/15/73 RK)180.122 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(rk)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(RK-11/RK03 \(or RK05\) disk)5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Rk?)108 163.4 Q F0 1.035
(refers to an entire RK03 disk as a single sequentially-addressed f)
6.035 F 3.534(ile. Its)-.2 F(256-w)3.534 E 1.034(ord blocks are num-)-.1
F(bered 0 to 4871.)108 174.4 Q(Dri)108 190.44 Q .362 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
.063(umbers \(minor de).15 F .063(vices\) of eight and lar)-.25 F .063
(ger are treated specially)-.18 F 5.063(.D)-.65 G(ri)-5.063 E .363 -.15
(ve 8)-.25 H(+).15 E F3(x)A F0 .063(is the)2.563 F F3(x)2.563 E F0 .063
(+1 w)B .063(ay interlea)-.1 F(v-)-.2 E(ing of de)108 201.44 Q
(vices rk0 to rk)-.25 E F3(x)A F0 5(.T)C(hus blocks on rk10 are distrib)
-5 E(uted alternately among rk0, rk1, and rk2.)-.2 E(The)108 217.48 Q F3
(rk)2.76 E F0 -.2(fi)2.76 G .26(les discussed abo).2 F .56 -.15(ve a)
-.15 H .26(ccess the disk via the system').15 F 2.76(sn)-.55 G .26
(ormal b)-2.76 F(uf)-.2 E .26(fering mechanism and may be read)-.25 F
.298(and written without re)108 228.48 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .298(rd to ph)
.05 F .298(ysical disk records.)-.05 F .298(There is also a `)5.298 F
(`ra)-.74 E(w')-.15 E 2.798('i)-.74 G(nterf)-2.798 E .299(ace which pro)
-.1 F .299(vides for di-)-.15 F .353
(rect transmission between the disk and the user')108 239.48 R 2.853(sr)
-.55 G .353(ead or write b)-2.853 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.353(.A)-.55 G
.352(single read or write call results in)-2.501 F -.15(ex)108 250.48 S
.299(actly one I/O operation and therefore ra).15 F 2.799(wI)-.15 G .299
(/O is considerably more ef)-2.799 F -.2(fi)-.25 G .3(cient when man).2
F 2.8(yw)-.15 G .3(ords are trans-)-2.9 F 2.989(mitted. The)108 261.48 R
.489(names of the ra)2.989 F 2.989(wR)-.15 G 2.989(Kf)-2.989 G .489
(iles be)-3.189 F .489(gin with)-.15 F F3(rrk)2.989 E F0 .489
(and end with a number which selects the same disk)2.989 F
(as the corresponding)108 272.48 Q F3(rk)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le.).2 E
.354(In ra)108 288.52 R 2.854(wI)-.15 G .354(/O the b)-2.854 F(uf)-.2 E
.354(fer must be)-.25 F .355(gin on a w)-.15 F .355(ord boundary)-.1 F
2.855(,a)-.65 G .355
(nd counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes \(a disk)-2.855 F 2.5
(block\). Lik)108 299.52 R -.25(ew)-.1 G(ise).25 E F3(seek)2.5 E F0
(calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72 317.72
Q F0(/de)108 328.72 Q(v/rk?, /de)-.25 E(v/rrk?)-.25 E F1 -.08(BU)72
346.92 S(GS).08 E F0 .314(Care should be tak)108 357.92 R .314
(en in using the interlea)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.814(df).15 G 2.814
(iles. First,)-3.014 F .313(the same dri)2.813 F .613 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
.313(hould not be accessed simultane-).15 F .554
(ously using the ordinary name and as part of an interlea)108 368.92 R
-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.055(df).15 G .555(ile, because the same ph)-3.255 F .555
(ysical blocks ha)-.05 F .855 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(n).15 E(ef)108 379.92 Q
.275(fect tw)-.25 F 2.775(od)-.1 G(if)-2.775 E .275
(ferent names; this fools the system')-.25 F 2.775(sb)-.55 G(uf)-2.975 E
.275(fering strate)-.25 F(gy)-.15 E 5.275(.S)-.65 G .274
(econd, the combined f)-5.275 F .274(iles cannot be)-.2 F(used for sw)
108 390.92 Q(apping or ra)-.1 E 2.5(wI)-.15 G(/O.)-2.5 E 2.5(-1)295.17
767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(RP \( IV \))72 58 R 181.782
(2/21/74 RP)184.282 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(rp)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(RP-11/RP03 mo)2.5 E(ving-head disk)-.15 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q F0 .505(The f)108 163.4 R(iles)-.2 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF .505(rp0 ... rp7)3.005 F F0 .506
(refer to sections of RP disk dri)3.006 F .806 -.15(ve 0)-.25 H 5.506
(.T).15 G .506(he f)-5.506 F(iles)-.2 E F3 .506(rp8 ... rp15)3.006 F F0
.506(refer to dri)3.006 F .806 -.15(ve 1 e)-.25 H 3.006(tc. This).15 F
(is)3.006 E .401(done since the size of a full RP dri)108 174.4 R .701
-.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.901(s8).15 G .4
(1200 blocks and internally the system is only capable of address-)
-2.901 F 1.304(ing 65536 blocks.)108 185.4 R 1.304
(Also since the disk is so lar)6.304 F 1.304(ge, this allo)-.18 F 1.304
(ws it to be brok)-.25 F 1.305(en up into more manageable)-.1 F(pieces.)
108 196.4 Q(The origin and size of the pseudo-disks on each dri)108
212.44 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re as follo).15 E(ws:)-.25 E 16.83
(disk start)144 228.48 R(length)18.78 E 31(004)144 239.48 S(0600)-31 E
31(14)144 250.48 S 8.5(0600 40600)-31 F 31(209)144 261.48 S(200)-31 E 31
(37)144 272.48 S 8.5(2000 9200)-31 F 31(406)144 283.48 S(5535)-31 E 31
(51)144 294.48 S 8.5(5600 65535)-31 F 20.17(6-7 unassigned)144 305.48 R
.07(It is unwise for all of these f)108 321.52 R .069
(iles to be present in one installation, since there is o)-.2 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G .069(rlap in addresses and pro-).15 F .737
(tection becomes a stick)108 332.52 R 3.237(ym)-.15 G(atter)-3.237 E
5.737(.H)-.55 G .737(ere is a suggestion for tw)-5.737 F 3.237(ou)-.1 G
.737(seful conf)-3.237 F .738(igurations: If the root of the f)-.2 F
(ile)-.2 E .668(system is on some other de)108 343.52 R .668
(vice and the RP used as a mounted de)-.25 F .667(vice, then)-.25 F F3
(rp0)3.167 E F0(and)3.167 E F3(rp1,)3.167 E F0 .667(which di)3.167 F
.667(vide the)-.25 F .573(disk into tw)108 354.52 R 3.073(oe)-.1 G .573
(qual size portions, is a good idea.)-3.073 F .573
(Other things being equal, it is adv)5.573 F .574(antageous to ha)-.25 F
.874 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -.1(wo).15 G(equal-sized portions since one can al)
108 365.52 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be copied onto the other).1 E 2.5(,w)-.4 G
(hich is occasionally useful.)-2.5 E .731
(If the RP is the only disk and has to contain the root and the sw)108
381.56 R .731(ap area, the root can be put on)-.1 F F3(rp2)3.23 E F0 .73
(and a)3.23 F .45(mountable f)108 392.56 R .45(ile system on)-.2 F F3
(rp5.)2.95 E F0 .45(Then the sw)5.45 F .451
(ap space can be put in the unused blocks 9200 to 15600 of)-.1 F F3(rp0)
2.951 E F0(\(or)108 403.56 Q 4.218(,e)-.4 G(qui)-4.218 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(lently).25 E(,)-.65 E F3(rp4\).)4.217 E F0 1.717
(This arrangement puts the root f)6.717 F 1.717(ile system, the sw)-.2 F
1.717(ap area, and the i-list of the)-.1 F(mounted f)108 414.56 Q
(ile system relati)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly near each other and thus tends to minimize head mo).15 E -.15(ve)
-.15 G(ment.).15 E(The)108 430.6 Q F3(rp)3.852 E F0 -.2(fi)3.853 G 1.353
(les access the disk via the system').2 F 3.853(sn)-.55 G 1.353(ormal b)
-3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fering mechanism and may be read and written)
-.25 F .092(without re)108 441.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .092(rd to ph).05 F
.092(ysical disk records.)-.05 F .091(There is also a `)5.091 F(`ra)-.74
E(w')-.15 E 2.591('i)-.74 G(nterf)-2.591 E .091(ace which pro)-.1 F .091
(vides for direct transmis-)-.15 F .495
(sion between the disk and the user')108 452.6 R 2.995(sr)-.55 G .495
(ead or write b)-2.995 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.496(.A)-.55 G .496
(single read or write call results in e)-2.5 F .496(xactly one)-.15 F
.512(I/O operation and therefore ra)108 463.6 R 3.012(wI)-.15 G .512
(/O is considerably more ef)-3.012 F -.2(fi)-.25 G .512(cient when man)
.2 F 3.012(yw)-.15 G .512(ords are transmitted.)-3.112 F(The)5.512 E
.267(names of the ra)108 474.6 R 2.767(wR)-.15 G 2.767(Pf)-2.767 G .267
(iles be)-2.967 F .267(gin with)-.15 F F3(rrp)2.767 E F0 .267
(and end with a number which selects the same disk section as the)2.767
F(corresponding)108 485.6 Q F3(rp)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le.).2 E .355
(In ra)108 501.64 R 2.855(wI)-.15 G .355(/O the b)-2.855 F(uf)-.2 E .355
(fer must be)-.25 F .355(gin on a w)-.15 F .355(ord boundary)-.1 F 2.855
(,a)-.65 G .355(nd counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes \(a disk)
-2.855 F 2.5(block\). Lik)108 512.64 R -.25(ew)-.1 G(ise).25 E F3(seek)
2.5 E F0(calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes.)2.5 E F1(FILES)72
530.84 Q F0(/de)108 541.84 Q(v/rp?, /de)-.25 E(v/rrp?)-.25 E F1 -.08(BU)
72 560.04 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TC \( IV \))72 58 R 178.732
(10/15/73 TC)181.232 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(tc)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(TC-11/TU56 DECtape)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q
F0(The f)108 163.4 Q(iles)-.2 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tap0 ... tap7)
2.5 E F0(refer to the TC-11/TU56 DECtape dri)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(s0t).15 G 2.5(o7)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E(The 256-w)108 179.44 Q
(ord blocks on a standard DECtape are numbered 0 to 577.)-.1 E F1(FILES)
72 197.64 Q F0(/de)108 208.64 Q(v/tap?)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 226.84 Q F0
(tp \(I\))108 237.84 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 256.04 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17
767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TM \( IV \))72 58 R 179.012
(2/21/74 TM)181.512 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(tm)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(TM-11/TU-10 magtape interf)2.5 E(ace)-.1 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q F0 .003(The f)108 163.4 R(iles)-.2 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF .003(mt0, ..., mt7)2.503 F F0 .003
(refer to the DEC TU10/TM11 magtape.)2.503 F .004
(When opened for reading or writing, the tape)5.003 F(is re)108 174.4 Q
-.1(wo)-.25 G 2.5(und. When).1 F(closed, it is re)2.5 E -.1(wo)-.25 G
(und; if it w).1 E(as open for writing, an end-of-f)-.1 E
(ile is written f)-.2 E(irst.)-.2 E 2.51(As)108 190.44 S .01(tandard ta\
pe consists of a series of 512 byte records terminated by an end-of-f)
-2.51 F 2.51(ile. T)-.2 F 2.51(ot)-.8 G .01(he e)-2.51 F .01
(xtent possible,)-.15 F .018(the system mak)108 201.44 R .019
(es it possible, if inef)-.1 F -.2(fi)-.25 G .019
(cient, to treat the tape lik).2 F 2.519(ea)-.1 G .319 -.15(ny o)-2.519
H .019(ther f).15 F 2.519(ile. Seeks)-.2 F(ha)2.519 E .319 -.15(ve t)-.2
H .019(heir usual mean-).15 F .432
(ing and it is possible to read or write a byte at a time.)108 212.44 R
.432(Writing in v)5.432 F .432(ery small units is inadvisable, ho)-.15 F
(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G
(because it tends to create monstrous record g)108 223.44 Q(aps.)-.05 E
(The)108 239.48 Q F3(mt)2.773 E F0 -.2(fi)2.773 G .273
(les discussed abo).2 F .573 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .273
(re useful when it is desired to access the tape in a w).15 F .273
(ay compatible with ordi-)-.1 F .102(nary f)108 250.48 R 2.602
(iles. When)-.2 F .102(foreign tapes are to be dealt with, and especial\
ly when long records are to be read or writ-)2.602 F .537(ten, the `)108
261.48 R(`ra)-.74 E(w')-.15 E 3.037('i)-.74 G(nterf)-3.037 E .537
(ace is appropriate.)-.1 F .537(The associated f)5.537 F .537
(iles are named)-.2 F F3 .537(rmt0, ..., rmt7.)3.037 F F0(Each)5.537 E
F3 -.37(re)3.037 G(ad).37 E F0(or)3.037 E F3(write)3.038 E F0 1.179
(call reads or writes the ne)108 272.48 R 1.179(xt record on the tape.)
-.15 F 1.179(In the write case the record has the same length as the)
6.179 F -.2(bu)108 283.48 S -.25(ff).2 G .766(er gi).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.266(n. During).15 F 3.266(ar)3.266 G .766
(ead, the record size is passed back as the number of bytes read, pro)
-3.266 F .766(vided it is no)-.15 F .376(greater than the b)108 294.48 R
(uf)-.2 E .376(fer size; if the record is long, an error is indicated.)
-.25 F .376(In ra)5.376 F 2.875(wt)-.15 G .375(ape I/O, the b)-2.875 F
(uf)-.2 E .375(fer must be-)-.25 F .491(gin on a w)108 305.48 R .491
(ord boundary and the count must be e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.991
(n. Seeks).15 F .491(are ignored.)2.991 F .491
(An error is returned when a tape)5.491 F(mark is read, b)108 316.48 Q
(ut another read will fetch the f)-.2 E(irst record of the ne)-.2 E 2.5
(wt)-.25 G(ape f)-2.5 E(ile.)-.2 E F1(FILES)72 334.68 Q F0(/de)108
345.68 Q(v/mt?, /de)-.25 E(v/rmt?)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 363.88 Q F0
(tp \(I\))108 374.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 393.08 S(GS).08 E F0 .003(If an)108
404.08 R 2.503(yn)-.15 G .002
(on-data error is encountered, it refuses to do an)-2.503 F .002
(ything more until closed.)-.15 F .002(In ra)5.002 F 2.502(wI)-.15 G
.002(/O, there should be)-2.502 F 2.5(aw)108 415.08 S
(ay to perform forw)-2.6 E(ard and backw)-.1 E(ard record and f)-.1 E
(ile spacing and to write an EOF mark.)-.2 E 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TTY \( IV \))72 58 R 174.572
(5/27/74 TTY)177.072 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(tty)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(general type)2.5 E(writer interf)-.25 E(ace)-.1 E
F1(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q F0
(This section describes both a particular special f)108 163.4 Q
(ile, and the general nature of the type)-.2 E(writer interf)-.25 E
(ace.)-.1 E .311(The f)108 179.44 R(ile)-.2 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(/de)2.811 E(v/tty)-.15 E F0 .311(is, in each process, a synon)2.811 F
.311(ym for the control type)-.15 F .311
(writer associated with that process.)-.25 F .312(It is)5.312 F .006(us\
eful for programs or Shell sequences which wish to be sure of writing m\
essages on the type)108 190.44 R .005(writer no mat-)-.25 F .309(ter ho)
108 201.44 R 2.809(wo)-.25 G .309(utput has been redirected.)-2.809 F
.31(It can also be used for programs which demand a f)5.309 F .31
(ile name for output,)-.2 F
(when typed output is desired and it is tiresome to f)108 212.44 Q
(ind out which type)-.2 E(writer is currently in use.)-.25 E .204
(As for type)108 228.48 R .204(writers in general: all of the lo)-.25 F
.204(w-speed asynchronous communications ports use the same gener)-.25 F
(-)-.2 E .138(al interf)108 239.48 R .138(ace, no matter what hardw)-.1
F .138(are is in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E 2.638(ed. The)-.15 F .138
(remainder of this section discusses the common fea-)2.638 F
(tures of the interf)108 250.48 Q(ace; the KL, DC, and DH writeups \(IV\
\) describe peculiarities of the indi)-.1 E(vidual de)-.25 E(vices.)-.25
E .285(When a type)108 266.52 R .285(writer f)-.25 F .285
(ile is opened, it causes the process to w)-.2 F .285
(ait until a connection is established.)-.1 F .285(In practice)5.285 F
(user')108 277.52 Q 2.845(sp)-.55 G .345(rograms seldom open these f)
-2.845 F .345(iles; the)-.2 F 2.845(ya)-.15 G .345(re opened by)-2.845 F
F3(init)2.846 E F0 .346(and become a user')2.846 F 2.846(si)-.55 G .346
(nput and output f)-2.846 F(ile.)-.2 E .156(The v)108 288.52 R .156
(ery f)-.15 F .156(irst type)-.2 F .156(writer f)-.25 F .156
(ile open in a process becomes the)-.2 F F3(contr)2.656 E .156(ol type)
-.45 F(writer)-.15 E F0 .156(for that process.)2.656 F .155(The control)
5.155 F(type)108 299.52 Q .704(writer plays a special role in handling \
quit or interrupt signals, as discussed belo)-.25 F 4.504 -.65(w. T)-.25
H .704(he control type-).65 F
(writer is inherited by a child process during a)108 310.52 Q F3(fork.)
2.5 E F0 3.384(At)108 326.56 S .884
(erminal associated with one of these f)-3.384 F .884
(iles ordinarily operates in full-duple)-.2 F 3.384(xm)-.15 G 3.384
(ode. Characters)-3.384 F .884(may be)3.384 F 1.607(typed at an)108
337.56 R 4.107(yt)-.15 G 1.607(ime, e)-4.107 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.107(nw)
.15 G 1.608
(hile output is occurring, and are only lost when the system')-4.107 F
4.108(sc)-.55 G 1.608(haracter input)-4.108 F -.2(bu)108 348.56 S -.25
(ff).2 G .249(ers become completely chok).25 F .249
(ed, which is rare, or when the user has accumulated the maximum allo)
-.1 F(wed)-.25 E 1.301(number of input characters which ha)108 359.56 R
1.602 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 1.302(ot yet been read by some program.).15 F
1.302(Currently this limit is 256)6.302 F 2.5(characters. When)108
370.56 R(the input limit is reached all the sa)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5
(dc).15 G(haracters are thro)-2.5 E(wn a)-.25 E -.1(wa)-.15 G 2.5(yw).1
G(ithout notice.)-2.5 E .105(These special f)108 386.6 R .105(iles ha)
-.2 F .405 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .105
(umber of modes which can be changed by use of the).15 F F3(stty)2.605 E
F0 .105(system call \(II\).)2.605 F(When)5.105 E -.2(fi)108 397.6 S
1.138(rst opened, the interf).2 F 1.139(ace mode is 300 baud; either pa\
rity accepted; 10 bits/character \(one stop bit\); and)-.1 F(ne)108
408.6 Q .89(wline action character)-.25 F 5.89(.M)-.55 G .89
(odes that can be changed by)-5.89 F F3(stty)3.39 E F0 .89
(include the interf)3.39 F .89(ace speed \(if the hardw)-.1 F(are)-.1 E
.047(permits\); acceptance of e)108 419.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.548(np).15
G(arity)-2.548 E 2.548(,o)-.65 G .048(dd parity)-2.548 F 2.548(,o)-.65 G
2.548(rb)-2.548 G .048(oth; a ra)-2.548 F 2.548(wm)-.15 G .048
(ode in which all characters may be read one)-2.548 F .44
(at a time; a carriage return \(CR\) mode in which CR is mapped into ne)
108 430.6 R .44(wline on input and either CR or line)-.25 F .077(feed \
\(LF\) cause echoing of the sequence LF-CR; mapping of upper case lette\
rs into lo)108 441.6 R .077(wer case; suppression)-.25 F .199
(of echoing; a v)108 452.6 R .199(ariety of delays after function chara\
cters; and the printing of tabs as spaces.)-.25 F(See)5.199 E F3 -.1(ge)
2.698 G(tty).1 E F0(\(VIII\))2.698 E(for the w)108 463.6 Q
(ay that terminal speed and type are detected.)-.1 E(Normally)108 479.64
Q 2.64(,t)-.65 G(ype)-2.64 E .14
(writer input is processed in units of lines.)-.25 F .14
(This means that a program attempting to read will)5.14 F .216
(be suspended until an entire line has been typed.)108 490.64 R .215
(Also, no matter ho)5.216 F 2.715(wm)-.25 G(an)-2.715 E 2.715(yc)-.15 G
.215(haracters are requested in the)-2.715 F .746
(read call, at most one line will be returned.)108 501.64 R .746
(It is not ho)5.746 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.246(rn).15 G .746
(ecessary to read a whole line at once; an)-3.246 F(y)-.15 E
(number of characters may be requested in a read, e)108 512.64 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G(ne, without losing information.)-2.5 E .386
(During input, erase and kill processing is normally done.)108 528.68 R
.386(By def)5.386 F .386(ault, the character `#' erases the last char)
-.1 F(-)-.2 E .078(acter typed, e)108 539.68 R .078
(xcept that it will not erase be)-.15 F .078(yond the be)-.15 F .078
(ginning of a line or an EO)-.15 F 4.058 -.74(T. B)-.4 H 2.578(yd).74 G
(ef)-2.578 E .078(ault, the character)-.1 F .514
(`@' kills the entire line up to the point where it w)108 550.68 R .513
(as typed, b)-.1 F .513(ut not be)-.2 F .513(yond an EO)-.15 F 4.493
-.74(T. B)-.4 H .513(oth these characters).74 F .253(operate on a k)108
561.68 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.753(eb)-.1 G .253
(asis independently of an)-2.753 F 2.753(yb)-.15 G .253
(ackspacing or tabbing that may ha)-2.753 F .553 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .254
(een done.).15 F(Either)5.254 E .227(`@' or `#' may be entered literall\
y by preceding it by `\\'; the erase or kill character remains, b)108
572.68 R .226(ut the `\\' dis-)-.2 F 2.5(appears. These)108 583.68 R(tw)
2.5 E 2.5(oc)-.1 G(haracters may be changed to others.)-2.5 E .87
(When desired, all upper)108 599.72 R .87
(-case letters are mapped into the corresponding lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .87
(-case letter)-.2 F 5.87(.T)-.55 G .87(he upper)-5.87 F(-case)-.2 E .074
(letter may be generated by preceding it by `\\'.)108 610.72 R .073
(In addition, the follo)5.074 F .073
(wing escape sequences are generated on)-.25 F
(output and accepted on input:)108 621.72 Q 20.84(for use)143 637.76 R
31.67<925c>148 648.76 S<b4>-31.67 E 33(|\\)148 659.76 S(!)-33 E 31.67
(~\\)148 670.76 S(^)-31.67 E 30.2({\\)148 681.76 S(\()-30.2 E 30.2(}\\)
148 692.76 S(\))-30.2 E .376(In ra)108 708.8 R 2.876(wm)-.15 G .376
(ode, the program reading is a)-2.876 F -.1(wa)-.15 G -.1(ke).1 G .377
(ned on each character).1 F 5.377(.N)-.55 G 2.877(oe)-5.377 G .377
(rase or kill processing is done; and)-2.877 F .817(the EO)108 719.8 R
2.297 -.74(T, q)-.4 H .817
(uit and interrupt characters are not treated specially).74 F 5.817(.T)
-.65 G .816(he input parity bit is passed back to the)-5.817 F(reader)
108 730.8 Q 2.5(,b)-.4 G
(ut parity is still generated for output characters.)-2.7 E 2.5(-1)
295.17 777.8 S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(TTY \( IV \))72 58 R 174.572
(5/27/74 TTY)177.072 F 1.666(\(I)1.666 G 1.666(V\))-1.666 G .535
(The ASCII EO)108 105 R 3.035(T\()-.4 G .535
(control-D\) character may be used to generate an end of f)-3.035 F .536
(ile from a type)-.2 F(writer)-.25 E 5.536(.W)-.55 G .536(hen an)-5.536
F(EO)108 116 Q 2.764(Ti)-.4 G 2.764(sr)-2.764 G(ecei)-2.764 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G .264(d, all the characters w).15 F .263
(aiting to be read are immediately passed to the program, without w)-.1
F(ait-)-.1 E .725(ing for a ne)108 127 R .725(w-line, and the EO)-.25 F
3.225(Ti)-.4 G 3.225(sd)-3.225 G 3.225(iscarded. Thus)-3.225 F .726
(if there are no characters w)3.225 F .726(aiting, which is to say the)
-.1 F(EO)108 138 Q 3.064(To)-.4 G .564(ccurred at the be)-3.064 F .564(\
ginning of a line, zero characters will be passed back, and this is the\
 standard end-)-.15 F(of-f)108 149 Q(ile indication.)-.2 E(The EO)5 E
2.5(Ti)-.4 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(assed back unchanged in ra)-2.5 E 2.5(wm)-.15
G(ode.)-2.5 E .023(When the carrier signal from the dataset drops \(usu\
ally because the user has hung up his terminal\) a)108 165.04 R/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(hangup)2.524 E F0 1.25
(signal is sent to all processes with the type)108 176.04 R 1.25
(writer as control type)-.25 F(writer)-.25 E 6.25(.U)-.55 G 1.25
(nless other arrangements ha)-6.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .572
(been made, this signal causes the processes to terminate.)108 187.04 R
.573(If the hangup signal is ignored, an)5.572 F 3.073(yr)-.15 G .573
(ead returns)-3.073 F .067(with an end-of-f)108 198.04 R .067
(ile indication.)-.2 F .067(Thus programs which read a type)5.067 F .067
(writer and test for end-of-f)-.25 F .066(ile on their input)-.2 F
(can terminate appropriately when hung up on.)108 209.04 Q -1 -.8(Tw o)
108 225.08 T .082(characters ha)3.382 F .382 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .082
(pecial meaning when typed.).15 F .082
(The ASCII DEL character \(sometimes called `rubout'\))5.082 F .25
(is not passed to a program b)108 236.08 R .25(ut generates an)-.2 F F1
(interrupt)2.75 E F0 .25
(signal which is sent to all processes with the associat-)2.75 F .762
(ed control type)108 247.08 R(writer)-.25 E 5.762(.N)-.55 G .762
(ormally each such process is forced to terminate, b)-5.762 F .762
(ut arrangements may be made)-.2 F
(either to ignore the signal or to recei)108 258.08 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)
-.25 H(rap to an agreed-upon location.).15 E(See)5 E F1(signal)2.5 E F0
(\(II\).)2.5 E .937(The ASCII character FS generates the)108 274.12 R F1
(quit)3.437 E F0 3.437(signal. Its)3.437 F .937
(treatment is identical to the interrupt signal e)3.437 F(xcept)-.15 E
.202(that unless a recei)108 285.12 R .202(ving process has made other \
arrangements it will not only be terminated b)-.25 F .203
(ut a core image)-.2 F -.2(fi)108 296.12 S(le will be generated.).2 E
(If you f)5 E(ind it hard to type this character)-.2 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
(ry control-\\ or control-shift-L.)-2.5 E .376
(When one or more characters are written, the)108 312.16 R 2.876(ya)-.15
G .376(re actually transmitted to the terminal as soon as pre)-2.876 F
(vious-)-.25 E .231(ly-written characters ha)108 323.16 R .531 -.15
(ve f)-.2 H .231(inished typing.)-.05 F .231
(Input characters are echoed by putting them in the output queue)5.231 F
.079(as the)108 334.16 R 2.579(ya)-.15 G(rri)-2.579 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.079(.W).15 G .079
(hen a process produces characters more rapidly than the)-5.079 F 2.579
(yc)-.15 G .079(an be typed, it will be suspend-)-2.579 F .013
(ed when its output queue e)108 345.16 R .013(xceeds some limit.)-.15 F
.013(When the queue has drained do)5.013 F .014
(wn to some threshold the pro-)-.25 F .222(gram is resumed.)108 356.16 R
(Ev)5.222 E .221(en parity is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .221
(ys generated on output.).1 F .221(The EO)5.221 F 2.721(Tc)-.4 G .221
(haracter is not transmitted \(e)-2.721 F(xcept)-.15 E(in ra)108 367.16
Q 2.5(wm)-.15 G(ode\) to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt terminals which respond to it from hanging up.).15 E/F2 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 385.36 Q F0(/de)108 396.36 Q(v/tty)-.25 E F2
(SEE ALSO)72 414.56 Q F0(dc \(IV\), kl \(IV\), dh \(IV\), getty \(VIII\
\), stty \(I, II\), gtty \(I, II\), signal \(II\))108 425.56 Q F2 -.08
(BU)72 443.76 S(GS).08 E F0(Half-duple)108 454.76 Q 2.861(xt)-.15 G .361
(erminals are not supported.)-2.861 F .361(On ra)5.361 F .362
(w-mode output, parity should be transmitted as specif)-.15 F .362
(ied in)-.2 F(the characters written.)108 465.76 Q 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S
2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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