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225.6 Q(y)-.15 E F4(people)6.04 E F0 3.54
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G 3.54(le is gi).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F4(/usr/adm/wtmp)108 236.6
Q F0(is used.)2.5 E .731(The accounting f)108 252.64 R(ile)-.2 E F4
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F0(and)3.231 E F4(lo)3.231 E(gin.)-.1 E F0 .73
(Neither of these programs creates the)5.731 F -.2(fi)108 263.64 S 1.072
(le, so if it does not e).2 F 1.073
(xist no connect-time accounting is done.)-.15 F 2.673 -.8(To s)6.073 H
1.073(tart accounting, it should be created).8 F .657(with length 0.)108
274.64 R .657(On the other hand if the f)5.657 F .656
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333.04 Q F0(init \(VIII\), login \(I\), wtmp \(V\).)108 344.04 Q F1 -.08
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(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(boot procedures)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF
(-)2.5 E F0(UNIX startup)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF .635(How to start UNIX.)108 163.4 R F0 .635(UNIX is \
started by placing it in core at location zero and transferring to zero\
.)6.467 F(Since)5.636 E(the system is not reenterable, it is necessary \
to read it in from disk or tape.)108 174.4 Q(The)108 190.44 Q F3(tp)
2.672 E F0 .172(command places a bootstrap program on the otherwise unu\
sed block zero of the tape.)2.672 F .171(The DECtape)5.171 F -.15(ve)108
201.44 S .546(rsion of this program is called).15 F F3(tboot,)3.046 E F0
.547(the magtape v)3.047 F(ersion)-.15 E F3(mboot.)3.047 E F0(If)5.547 E
F3(tboot)3.047 E F0(or)3.047 E F3(mboot)3.047 E F0 .547
(is read into location)3.047 F .679(zero and e)108 212.44 R -.15(xe)-.15
G .679(cuted there, it will type `=' on the console, read in a).15 F F3
(tp)3.178 E F0 .678(entry name, load that entry into core,)3.178 F .671
(and transfer to zero.)108 223.44 R .672(Thus one w)5.672 F .672
(ay to run UNIX is to maintain the system code on a tape using)-.1 F F3
(tp.)3.172 E F0(Cau-)5.672 E 1.113(tion: the f)108 234.44 R 1.113(ile /\
usr/mdec/tboot \(DECtape\) or /usr/mdec/mboot \(magtape\) must be prese\
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.405(w\) a program which reads in and jumps to the f)-.25 F .405
(irst block)-.2 F 1.1(of the tape.)108 256.44 R 1.1(In response to the \
`=' prompt, type the entry name of the system on the tape \(we use plai\
n)6.1 F 2.918(`unix'\). It)108 267.44 R .418
(is strongly recommended that a current v)2.918 F .418
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(it is usually booted from disk.)108 278.44 Q .794(The standard DEC R)
108 294.48 R .794(OM which loads DECtape is suf)-.4 F -.2(fi)-.25 G .793
(cient to read in).2 F F3(tboot,)3.293 E F0 -.2(bu)3.293 G 3.293(tt).2 G
.793(he magtape R)-3.293 F .793(OM loads)-.4 F .338
(block one, not zero.)108 305.48 R .338(If no suitable R)5.338 F .338
(OM is a)-.4 F -.25(va)-.2 G .338
(ilable, magtape and DECtape programs are presented belo).25 F(w)-.25 E
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(cuted.).15 E .252(The system can also be booted from a disk f)108
332.52 R .252(ile with the aid of the)-.2 F F3(uboot)2.752 E F0 2.752
(program. When)2.752 F .252(read into location)2.752 F 3.069(0a)108
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(p)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F4(k)3.069 E F0 .569(for RP or RK, both dri)
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(pecify which)-3.069 F(de)108 354.52 Q .261(vice is to be searched.)-.25
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(inds the corresponding f)-.2 F .26(ile on)-.2 F .727(the gi)108 365.52
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(Uboot)5.727 E F0 .728(operates under v)3.228 F .728(ery se-)-.15 F -.15
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(It supplies no prompts, e)5.211 F .211
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F4(p)108 387.52 Q F0(or)2.67 E F4(k.)2.67 E F0 .17(No diagnostic is pro)
5.17 F .17(vided if the indicated f)-.15 F .17
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(eans of correcting)-2.67 F .381(typographical errors in the f)108
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(ve)-.25 G 1.18 -.4(r, i).15 H(t).4 E .798
(jumps back to its start, so another try can be attempted, starting ag)
108 409.52 R .799(ain with the)-.05 F F4(p)3.299 E F0(or)3.299 E F4(k.)
3.299 E F0 .799(Notice that)5.799 F F3(uboot)3.299 E F0 1.029
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(ve 0)-.25 H 3.529(,a).15 G 1.029(nd the f)-3.529 F 1.028
(ile system it searches must start at the be)-.2 F 1.028
(ginning of the disk.)-.15 F F3(Uboot)108 431.52 Q F0 .636(itself usual\
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aded by R)3.136 F .636(OM pro-)-.4 F(gram;)108 442.52 Q F3(mkfs)2.902 E
F0 .402(can be used to put it there when the f)2.902 F .401
(ile system is created.)-.2 F .401(It can also be loaded from a)5.401 F
F3(tp)2.901 E F0(tape)2.901 E(as described abo)108 453.52 Q -.15(ve)-.15
G(.).15 E F3 .407(The switc)108 469.56 R(hes.)-.15 E F0 .408(The consol\
e switches play an important role in the use and especially the booting\
 of UNIX.)6.239 F .626(During operation, the console switches are e)108
480.56 R .625
(xamined 60 times per second, and the contents of the address)-.15 F
(specif)108 491.56 Q .521
(ied by the switches are displayed in the display re)-.2 F(gister)-.15 E
5.521(.\()-.55 G .521(This is not true on the 11/40 since there is)
-5.521 F .229(no display re)108 502.56 R .229(gister on that machine.\))
-.15 F .229(If the switch address is e)5.229 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .229
(n, the address is interpreted in k).15 F .228(ernel \(sys-)-.1 F
(tem\) space; if odd, the rounded-do)108 513.56 Q
(wn address is interpreted in the current user space.)-.25 E .271(If an)
108 529.6 R 2.771(yd)-.15 G .271
(iagnostics are produced by the system, the)-2.771 F 2.772(ya)-.15 G
.272(re printed on the console only if the switches are non-)-2.772 F
2.5(zero. Thus)108 540.6 R(it is wise to ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H
(on-zero v).15 E(alue in the switches at all times.)-.25 E .316
(During the startup of the system, the)108 556.64 R F3(init)2.816 E F0
.315
(program \(VIII\) reads the switches and will come up single-user if)
2.816 F(the switches are set to 173030.)108 567.64 Q .16
(It is unwise to ha)108 583.68 R .46 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H(on-e).15 E .16
(xistent address in the switches.)-.15 F .16(This causes a b)5.16 F .16
(us error in the system \(displayed)-.2 F .258
(as 177777\) at the rate of 60 times per second.)108 594.68 R .258
(If there is a transfer of more than 16ms duration on a de)5.258 F(vice)
-.25 E .531(with a data rate f)108 605.68 R .532(aster than the b)-.1 F
.532(us error timeout \(about 10)-.2 F/F5 10/Symbol-Slanted SF(m)A F0
.532(s\) then a permanent disk non-e)B(xistent-memory)-.15 E
(error will occur)108 616.68 Q(.)-.55 E F3 -.4(RO)108 632.72 S 3.435(Mp)
.4 G -1.7 -.45(ro g)-3.435 H -.15(ra).45 G(ms.).15 E F0 .934(Here are s\
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r for)6.767 F .25(manual k)108 643.72 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .25
(ing into core if no R).15 F .251(OM is present.)-.4 F .251
(Each program is position-independent b)5.251 F .251
(ut should be placed)-.2 F .376(well abo)108 654.72 R .676 -.15(ve l)
-.15 H .376(ocation 0 so it will not be o).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.876
(rwritten. Each).15 F .375(reads a block from the be)2.875 F .375
(ginning of a de)-.15 F .375(vice into)-.25 F(core location zero.)108
665.72 Q(The octal w)5 E
(ords constituting the program are listed on the left.)-.1 E 2.5(-2-)
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18.07(vb $5,\(r0\))-.15 F 2.5(/r)80.51 G(ead \(forw)-2.5 E(ard\))-.1 E
(000005)129.6 407.04 Q 17.9(105710 2:)129.6 418.04 R 26.25(tstb \(r0\))
21.02 F 2.5(/w)93.01 G(ait for ready)-2.6 E 46.7(002376 bge)129.6 429.04
R(2b)28.76 E 46.7(005007 clr)129.6 440.04 R 96.06(pc /)32.65 F
(transfer to zero)2.5 E
(Caution: both of these DECtape programs will \(literally\) blo)108
456.08 Q 2.5(waf)-.25 G(use if 2 dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sa).15 G
(re dialed to zero.)-2.5 E(Magtape from load point:)108 472.12 Q 46.7
(012700 mo)129.6 483.12 R 25.57(v$)-.15 G(mtcma,r0)-25.57 E(172526)129.6
494.12 Q 46.7(010040 mo)129.6 505.12 R 25.57(vr)-.15 G(0,)-25.57 E F1(-)
A F0 74.19(\(r0\) /)B(usr mt addr for wc)2.5 E 46.7(012740 mo)129.6
516.12 R 25.57(v$)-.15 G(60003,)-25.57 E F1(-)A F0 52.52(\(r0\) /)B
(read 9)2.5 E F1(-)A F0(track)A(060003)129.6 527.12 Q 46.7(000777 br)
129.6 538.12 R F2(.)34.87 E F0 2.5(/l)105.5 G(oop; no)-2.5 E 2.5(wh)-.25
G(alt and start at 0)-2.5 E(RK \(dri)108 554.16 Q .3 -.15(ve 0)-.25 H
(\):).15 E 46.7(012700 mo)129.6 565.16 R 25.57(v$)-.15 G(rkda,r0)-25.57
E(177412)129.6 576.16 Q 46.7(005040 clr)129.6 587.16 R F1(-)32.65 E F0
85.02(\(r0\) /)B(rkda cleared by start)2.5 E 46.7(010040 mo)129.6 598.16
R 25.57(vr)-.15 G(0,)-25.57 E F1(-)A F0(\(r0\))A 46.7(012740 mo)129.6
609.16 R 25.57(v$)-.15 G(5,)-25.57 E F1(-)A F0(\(r0\))A(000005)129.6
620.16 Q 17.9(105710 1:)129.6 631.16 R 26.25(tstb \(r0\))21.02 F 46.7
(002376 bge)129.6 642.16 R(1b)28.76 E 46.7(005007 clr)129.6 653.16 R(pc)
32.65 E 2.5(-3-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(BOO)72 58 Q 2.5(TP)-.4 G -.4(RO)-2.5 G
-.834(CEDURES \( VIII \)).4 F 93.422(2/11/75 BOO)95.922 F 2.5(TP)-.4 G
-.4(RO)-2.5 G -.834(CEDURES \( VIII \)).4 F(RP \(dri)108 105 Q .3 -.15
(ve 0)-.25 H(\)).15 E 46.7(012700 mo)129.6 116 R 25.57(v$)-.15 G(rpmr)
-25.57 E(,r0)-.4 E(176726)129.6 127 Q 46.7(005040 clr)129.6 138 R/F1 10
/Symbol SF(-)32.65 E F0(\(r0\))A 46.7(005040 clr)129.6 149 R F1(-)32.65
E F0(\(r0\))A 46.7(005040 clr)129.6 160 R F1(-)32.65 E F0(\(r0\))A 46.7
(010040 mo)129.6 171 R 25.57(vr)-.15 G(0,)-25.57 E F1(-)A F0(\(r0\))A
46.7(012740 mo)129.6 182 R 25.57(v$)-.15 G(5,)-25.57 E F1(-)A F0(\(r0\))
A(000005)129.6 193 Q 17.9(105710 1:)129.6 204 R 26.25(tstb \(r0\))21.02
F 46.7(002376 bge)129.6 215 R(1b)28.76 E 46.7(005007 clr)129.6 226 R(pc)
32.65 E/F2 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 244.2 Q F0(/unix)108 255.2 Q F1(-)
2.5 E F0(UNIX code)2.5 E(/usr/mdec/mboot)108 266.2 Q F1(-)2.5 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(tp)2.5 E F0(magtape bootstrap)2.5 E(/usr/mdec/tboot)
108 277.2 Q F1(-)2.5 E F3(tp)2.5 E F0(DECtape bootstrap)2.5 E
(/usr/mdec/uboot)108 288.2 Q F1(-)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G
(le system bootstrap).2 E F2(SEE ALSO)72 306.4 Q F0
(tp \(I\), init \(VIII\))108 317.4 Q 2.5(-4-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CHGRP \( VIII \))72 58 R 156.512
(2/8/75 CHGRP)159.012 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(chgrp)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(change group)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(chgr)108 163.4 Q(p)-.1 E F0(group f)2.5 E(ile ...)-.2 E
F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 .776(The group-ID of the f)108 192.6 R .776
(iles is changed to)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(gr)3.276 E(oup.)-.45 E
F0 .776(The group may be either a decimal GID or a group name)5.776 F
(found in the group-ID f)108 203.6 Q(ile.)-.2 E .407(Only the super)108
219.64 R .407(-user is allo)-.2 F .406(wed to change the group of a f)
-.25 F .406(ile, in order to simplify as yet unimplemented ac-)-.2 F
(counting procedures.)108 230.64 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 248.84 Q F0(cho)108
259.84 Q(wn \(VIII\))-.25 E F1(FILES)72 278.04 Q F0(/etc/group)108
289.04 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 307.24 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-5-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(CHO)72 58 Q -.834(WN \( VIII \))-.35 F
152.432(2/8/75 CHO)154.932 F -.834(WN \( VIII \))-.35 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(cho)108 134.2 Q(wn)-.25
E/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(change o)2.5 E(wner)-.25 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cho)108 163.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0 -.25(ow)2.5 G
(ner f).25 E(ile ...)-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 1.165(The user)
108 192.6 R 1.165(-ID of the f)-.2 F 1.165(iles is changed to)-.2 F/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(owner)3.665 E(.)-1.11 E F0 1.165(The o)6.165 F
1.165(wner may be either a decimal UID or a login name)-.25 F
(found in the passw)108 203.6 Q(ord f)-.1 E(ile.)-.2 E .333
(Only the super)108 219.64 R .332(-user is allo)-.2 F .332
(wed to change the o)-.25 F .332(wner of a f)-.25 F .332
(ile, in order to simplify as yet unimplemented ac-)-.2 F
(counting procedures.)108 230.64 Q F1(FILES)72 248.84 Q F0(/etc/passwd)
108 259.84 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 278.04 Q F0(chgrp \(VIII\))108 289.04 Q F1
-.08(BU)72 307.24 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-6-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CLRI \( VIII \))72 58 R 162.072
(10/31/73 CLRI)164.572 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(clri)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(clear i-node)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(clri)108 163.4 Q F0(i-number [ f)2.5 E(ilesystem ])-.2
E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Clri)108 192.6 Q F0
.29(writes zeros on the 32 bytes occupied by the i-node numbered)2.79 F
F4(i-number)2.79 E(.)-1.11 E F0 .29(If the)5.29 F F4 -.2(fi)2.79 G .29
(le system).2 F F0(ar)2.79 E .29(gument is)-.18 F(gi)108 203.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G .371(n, the i-node resides on the gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.871(nd).15 G -.25(ev)-2.871 G .371(ice, otherwise on a def).25 F .37
(ault f)-.1 F .37(ile system.)-.2 F .37(The f)5.37 F .37(ile system ar)
-.2 F(gument)-.18 E .575(must be a special f)108 214.6 R .575
(ile name referring to a de)-.2 F .575(vice containing a f)-.25 F .575
(ile system.)-.2 F(After)5.575 E F4(clri,)3.075 E F0(an)3.075 E 3.075
(yb)-.15 G .575(locks in the af-)-3.075 F(fected f)108 225.6 Q
(ile will sho)-.2 E 2.5(wu)-.25 G 2.5(pa)-2.5 G 2.5(s`)-2.5 G(`missing')
-3.24 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(n)-2.5 E F4(ic)2.5 E(hec)-.15 E(k)
-.2 E F0(of of the f)2.5 E(ile system.)-.2 E .22
(Read and write permission is required on the specif)108 241.64 R .219
(ied f)-.2 F .219(ile system de)-.2 F 2.719(vice. The)-.25 F .219
(i-node becomes allocatable.)2.719 F .3
(The primary purpose of this routine is to remo)108 257.68 R .6 -.15
(ve a f)-.15 H .301(ile which for some reason appears in no directory)
-.05 F 5.301(.I)-.65 G 2.801(fi)-5.301 G(t)-2.801 E .333
(is used to zap an i-node which does appear in a directory)108 268.68 R
2.833(,c)-.65 G .333(are should be tak)-2.833 F .333(en to track do)-.1
F .332(wn the entry and)-.25 F(remo)108 279.68 Q .841 -.15(ve i)-.15 H
3.041(t. Otherwise,).15 F .541
(when the i-node is reallocated to some ne)3.041 F 3.042(wf)-.25 G .542
(ile, the old entry will still point to that)-3.242 F -.2(fi)108 290.68
S 3.273(le. At).2 F .773(that point remo)3.273 F .773
(ving the old entry will destro)-.15 F 3.273(yt)-.1 G .773(he ne)-3.273
F 3.273(wf)-.25 G 3.273(ile. The)-3.473 F(ne)3.273 E 3.273(we)-.25 G
.773(ntry will ag)-3.273 F .773(ain point to an)-.05 F
(unallocated i-node, so the whole c)108 301.68 Q(ycle is lik)-.15 E
(ely to be repeated ag)-.1 E(ain and ag)-.05 E(ain.)-.05 E F1 -.08(BU)72
319.88 S(GS).08 E F0(Whate)108 330.88 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G
(he def)-2.5 E(ault f)-.1 E(ile system is, it is lik)-.2 E
(ely to be wrong.)-.1 E(Specify the f)5 E(ile system e)-.2 E(xplicitly)
-.15 E(.)-.65 E(If the f)108 346.92 Q(ile is open,)-.2 E F4(clri)2.5 E
F0(is lik)2.5 E(ely to be inef)-.1 E(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E
2.5(-7-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CRASH \( VIII \))72 58 R 154.012
(2/12/75 CRASH)156.512 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(crash)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(what to do when the system crashes)2.5 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 152.4 Q F0 .88(This section gi)108 163.4 R -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.38(sa).15 G 3.38(tl)-3.38 G .88(east a fe)-3.38 F 3.38(wc)-.25 G .88
(lues about ho)-3.38 F 3.38(wt)-.25 G 3.381(op)-3.38 G .881
(roceed if the system crashes.)-3.381 F .881(It can')5.881 F 3.381(tp)
-.18 G .881(retend to be)-3.381 F(complete.)108 174.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF .805(How to bring it bac)108 190.44 R 3.305(ku)-.2 G
(p.)-3.305 E F0 .805(If the reason for the crash is not e)8.305 F .804
(vident \(see belo)-.25 F 3.304(wf)-.25 G .804(or guidance on `e)-3.304
F(vident'\))-.25 E .363(you may w)108 201.44 R .363
(ant to try to dump the system if you feel up to deb)-.1 F 2.863
(ugging. At)-.2 F .364(the moment a dump can be tak)2.863 F(en)-.1 E
.003(only on magtape.)108 212.44 R -.4(Wi)5.003 G .003
(th a tape mounted and ready).4 F 2.503(,s)-.65 G .003
(top the machine, load address 44, and start.)-2.503 F .002(This should)
5.002 F .528(write a cop)108 223.44 R 3.028(yo)-.1 G 3.028(fa)-3.028 G
.528(ll of core on the tape with an EOF mark.)-3.028 F .528(Caution: An)
5.528 F 3.028(ye)-.15 G .528(rror is tak)-3.028 F .529
(en to mean the end of)-.1 F .806(core has been reached.)108 234.44 R
.806(This means that you must be sure the ring is in, the tape is ready)
5.806 F 3.306(,a)-.65 G .805(nd the tape is)-3.306 F .719(clean and ne)
108 245.44 R 4.519 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.219(ft).65 G .719(he dump f)-3.219
F .719(ails, you can try ag)-.1 F .72(ain, b)-.05 F .72
(ut some of the re)-.2 F .72(gisters will be lost.)-.15 F .72(See belo)
5.72 F 3.22(wf)-.25 G(or)-3.22 E(what to do with the tape.)108 256.44 Q
.765(In restarting after a crash, al)108 272.48 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .764
(ys bring up the system single-user).1 F 5.764(.T)-.55 G .764
(his is accomplished by follo)-5.764 F .764(wing the)-.25 F .001
(directions in)108 283.48 R F3 .001(boot pr)2.501 F(ocedur)-.45 E(es)
-.37 E F0 .001(\(VIII\) as modif)2.501 F .002
(ied for your particular installation; a single-user system is indi-)-.2
F .465(cated by ha)108 294.48 R .464(ving a particular v)-.2 F .464
(alue in the switches \(173030 unless you')-.25 F .764 -.15(ve c)-.5 H
(hanged).15 E F3(init\))2.964 E F0 .464(as the system starts)2.964 F
-.15(exe)108 305.48 S 3.597(cuting. When).15 F 1.097
(it is running, perform a)3.597 F F3(dc)3.597 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0
(and)3.597 E F3(ic)3.597 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 1.097
(\(VIII\) on all f)3.597 F 1.097(ile systems which could ha)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G .213(been in use at the time of the crash.)108 316.48 R .213
(If an)5.213 F 2.712(ys)-.15 G .212(erious f)-2.712 F .212
(ile system problems are found, the)-.2 F 2.712(ys)-.15 G .212
(hould be repaired.)-2.712 F .063(When you are satisf)108 327.48 R .063
(ied with the health of your disks, check and set the date if necessary)
-.2 F 2.564(,t)-.65 G .064(hen come up mul-)-2.564 F(ti-user)108 338.48
Q 5.948(.T)-.55 G .948
(his is most easily accomplished by changing the single-user v)-5.948 F
.948(alue in the switches to something)-.25 F
(else, then logging out by typing an EO)108 349.48 Q -.74(T.)-.4 G 1.65
-.8(To e)108 365.52 T -.15(ve).55 G 2.55(nb).15 G(oot)-2.55 E/F4 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF(UNIX)2.55 E F0 .05(at all, three f)2.55 F .051
(iles \(and the directories leading to them\) must be intact.)-.2 F .051
(First, the initializa-)5.051 F .464(tion program)108 376.52 R F3
(/etc/init)2.964 E F0 .464(must be present and e)2.964 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
2.964(cutable. If).15 F .464
(it is not, the CPU will loop in user mode at loca-)2.964 F .447
(tion 6.)108 387.52 R -.15(Fo)5.447 G(r).15 E F3(init)2.948 E F0 .448
(to w)2.948 F .448(ork correctly)-.1 F(,)-.65 E F3(/de)2.948 E(v/tty8)
-.15 E F0(and)2.948 E F3(/bin/sh)2.948 E F0 .448(must be present.)2.948
F .448(If either does not e)5.448 F .448(xist, the symp-)-.15 F 1.01
(tom is best described as thrashing.)108 398.52 R F3(Init)6.01 E F0 1.01
(will go into a)3.51 F F3(fork/e)3.51 E(xec)-.2 E F0 1.01
(loop trying to create a Shell with proper)3.51 F
(standard input and output.)108 409.52 Q .166(If you cannot get the sys\
tem to boot, a runnable system must be obtained from a backup medium.)
108 425.56 R .167(The root)5.167 F -.2(fi)108 436.56 S .721
(le system may then be doctored as a mounted f).2 F .721
(ile system as described belo)-.2 F 4.521 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.221(ft).65
G .721(here are an)-3.221 F 3.221(yp)-.15 G(roblems)-3.221 E .761
(with the root f)108 447.56 R .761
(ile system, it is probably prudent to go to a backup system to a)-.2 F
-.2(vo)-.2 G .761(id w).2 F .761(orking on a mounted)-.1 F -.2(fi)108
458.56 S(le system.).2 E F3 .337(Repairing disks.)108 474.6 R F0 .337
(The f)7.837 F .337(irst rule to k)-.2 F .336(eep in mind is that an ad\
dled disk should be treated gently; it shouldn')-.1 F(t)-.18 E .295
(be mounted unless necessary)108 485.6 R 2.795(,a)-.65 G .295
(nd if it is v)-2.795 F .295(ery v)-.15 F .295
(aluable yet in quite bad shape, perhaps it should be dumped)-.25 F
(before trying sur)108 496.6 Q(gery on it.)-.18 E
(This is an area where e)5 E
(xperience and informed courage count for much.)-.15 E .146
(The problems reported by)108 512.64 R F3(ic)2.646 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E
F0 .146(typically f)2.646 F .146(all into tw)-.1 F 2.646(ok)-.1 G 2.646
(inds. There)-2.646 F .145(can be problems with the free list: du-)2.645
F .06(plicates in the free list, or free blocks also in f)108 523.64 R
2.56(iles. These)-.2 F .061(can be cured easily with an)2.56 F F3(ic)
2.561 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F2(-)2.561 E F3(s.)A F0 .061(If the same)
5.061 F .3(block appears in more than one f)108 534.64 R .3
(ile or if a f)-.2 F .3(ile contains bad blocks, the f)-.2 F .3
(iles should be deleted, and the free)-.2 F .418(list reconstructed.)108
545.64 R .419(The best w)5.419 F .419(ay to delete such a f)-.1 F .419
(ile is to use)-.2 F F3(clri)2.919 E F0 .419(\(VIII\), then remo)2.919 F
.719 -.15(ve i)-.15 H .419(ts directory entries.).15 F(If an)108 556.64
Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he af)-2.5 E(fected f)-.25 E
(iles is really precious, you can try to cop)-.2 E 2.5(yi)-.1 G 2.5(tt)
-2.5 G 2.5(oa)-2.5 G(nother de)-2.5 E(vice f)-.25 E(irst.)-.2 E F3(Dc)
108 572.68 Q(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 .514(may report f)3.014 F .514
(iles which ha)-.2 F .813 -.15(ve m)-.2 H .513
(ore directory entries than links.).15 F .513
(Such situations are potentially dan-)5.513 F(gerous;)108 583.68 Q F3
(clri)2.504 E F0 .004(discusses a special case of the problem.)2.504 F
.005(All the directory entries for the f)5.004 F .005
(ile should be remo)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .796(If on the other \
hand there are more links than directory entries, there is no danger of\
 spreading infection,)108 594.68 R -.2(bu)108 605.68 S 3.156(tm).2 G
.656(erely some disk space that is lost for use.)-3.156 F .656
(It is suf)5.656 F -.2(fi)-.25 G .656(cient to cop).2 F 3.156(yt)-.1 G
.656(he f)-3.156 F .656(ile \(if it has an)-.2 F 3.156(ye)-.15 G .657
(ntries and is)-3.156 F(useful\) then use)108 616.68 Q F3(clri)2.5 E F0
(on its inode and remo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny d).15 H
(irectory entries that do e).15 E(xist.)-.15 E(Finally)108 632.72 Q
2.603(,t)-.65 G .103(here may be inodes reported by)-2.603 F F3(dc)2.603
E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 .103(that ha)2.603 F .403 -.15(ve 0 l)-.2 H .102
(inks and 0 entries.).15 F .102(These occur on the root de-)5.102 F .04
(vice when the system is stopped with pipes open, and on other f)108
643.72 R .04(ile systems when the system stops with f)-.2 F(iles)-.2 E
.148(that ha)108 654.72 R .448 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .148
(een deleted while still open.).15 F(A)5.148 E F3(clri)2.648 E F0 .147
(will free the inode, and an)2.648 F F3(ic)2.647 E(hec)-.15 E 2.647(k-)
-.2 G(s)-2.647 E F0 .147(will reco)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.647(ra).15 G
.447 -.15(ny m)-2.647 H(issing).15 E(blocks.)108 665.72 Q F3 .696
(Why did it cr)108 681.76 R(ash?)-.15 E F0 .696
(UNIX types a message on the console type)8.196 F .697(writer when it v)
-.25 F .697(oluntarily crashes.)-.2 F .697(Here is)5.697 F .823
(the current list of such messages, with enough information to pro)108
692.76 R .823(vide a hope at least of the remedy)-.15 F 5.822(.T)-.65 G
(he)-5.822 E .52(message has the form `panic: ...)108 703.76 R .52
(', possibly accompanied by other information.)-.7 F .52
(Left unstated in all cases is)5.52 F(the possibility that hardw)108
714.76 Q(are or softw)-.1 E(are error produced the message in some une)
-.1 E(xpected w)-.15 E(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 2.5(-8-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CRASH \( VIII \))72 58 R 154.012
(2/12/75 CRASH)156.512 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F(blkde)
108 105 Q(v)-.25 E(The)133 116 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ge)3.243 G
(tblk).1 E F0 .742(routine w)3.243 F .742(as called with a none)-.1 F
.742(xistent major de)-.15 F .742(vice as ar)-.25 F 3.242(gument. Def)
-.18 F .742(initely hardw)-.2 F .742(are or)-.1 F(softw)133 127 Q
(are error)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(de)108 143.04 Q(vtab)-.25 E .302(Null de)133
154.04 R .302(vice table entry for the major de)-.25 F .303
(vice used as ar)-.25 F .303(gument to)-.18 F F1 -.1(ge)2.803 G(tblk.).1
E F0(Def)5.303 E .303(initely hardw)-.2 F .303(are or soft-)-.1 F -.1
(wa)133 165.04 S(re error).1 E(.)-.55 E(iinit)108 181.08 Q
(An I/O error reading the super)133 192.08 Q(-block for the root f)-.2 E
(ile system during initialization.)-.2 E(out of inodes)108 208.12 Q
2.572(Am)133 219.12 S .072(ounted f)-2.572 F .072
(ile system has no more i-nodes when creating a f)-.2 F 2.572
(ile. Sorry)-.2 F 2.572(,t)-.65 G .071(he de)-2.572 F .071(vice isn')
-.25 F 2.571(ta)-.18 G -.25(va)-2.771 G .071(ilable; the).25 F F1(ic)133
230.12 Q(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0(should tell you.)2.5 E(no fs)108 246.16 Q
2.5(Ad)133 257.16 S -.25(ev)-2.5 G
(ice has disappeared from the mounted-de).25 E(vice table.)-.25 E(Def)5
E(initely hardw)-.2 E(are or softw)-.1 E(are error)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
(no imt)108 273.2 Q(Lik)133 284.2 Q 2.5(e`)-.1 G(no fs', b)-2.5 E
(ut produced else)-.2 E(where.)-.25 E(no inodes)108 300.24 Q .104
(The in-core inode table is full.)133 311.24 R -.35(Tr)5.104 G 2.604(yi)
.35 G .104(ncreasing NINODE in param.h.)-2.604 F(Shouldn')5.104 E 2.604
(tb)-.18 G 2.604(eap)-2.604 G .105(anic, just a user)-2.604 F(error)133
322.24 Q(.)-.55 E(no clock)108 338.28 Q
(During initialization, neither the line nor programmable clock w)133
349.28 Q(as found to e)-.1 E(xist.)-.15 E(sw)108 365.32 Q(ap error)-.1 E
(An unreco)133 376.32 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rable I/O error during a sw).15 E
2.5(ap. Really)-.1 F(shouldn')2.5 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G 2.5(eap)-2.5 G
(anic, b)-2.5 E(ut it is hard to f)-.2 E(ix.)-.2 E(unlink \255 iget)108
392.36 Q(The directory containing a f)133 403.36 Q
(ile being deleted can')-.2 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G 2.5(ef)-2.5 G 2.5
(ound. Hardw)-2.5 F(are or softw)-.1 E(are.)-.1 E(out of sw)108 419.4 Q
(ap space)-.1 E 3.118(Ap)133 430.4 S .618(rogram needs to be sw)-3.118 F
.617(apped out, and there is no more sw)-.1 F .617(ap space.)-.1 F .617
(It has to be increased.)5.617 F(This)5.617 E(really shouldn')133 441.4
Q 2.5(tb)-.18 G 2.5(eap)-2.5 G(anic, b)-2.5 E(ut there is no easy f)-.2
E(ix.)-.2 E(out of te)108 457.44 Q(xt)-.15 E 2.564(Ap)133 468.44 S .064
(ure procedure program is being e)-2.564 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .064
(cuted, and the table for such things is full.).15 F .065(This shouldn')
5.065 F 2.565(tb)-.18 G 2.565(ea)-2.565 G(panic.)133 479.44 Q(trap)108
495.48 Q .334(An une)133 506.48 R .334
(xpected trap has occurred within the system.)-.15 F .334
(This is accompanied by three numbers: a `ka6',)5.334 F 1.043
(which is the contents of the se)133 517.48 R 1.043(gmentation re)-.15 F
1.043(gister for the area in which the system')-.15 F 3.543(ss)-.55 G
1.043(tack is k)-3.543 F(ept;)-.1 E .2
(`aps', which is the location where the hardw)133 528.48 R .2
(are stored the program status w)-.1 F .2(ord during the trap; and a)-.1
F(`trap type' which encodes which trap occurred.)133 539.48 Q
(The trap types are:)5 E 20(0b)133 555.52 S(us error)-20.2 E 20(1i)133
566.52 S(lle)-20 E -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(li).05 G(nstruction)-2.5 E 20(2B)
133 577.52 S(PT/trace)-20 E 20(3I)133 588.52 S -.4(OT)-20 G 20(4p)133
599.52 S -.25(ow)-20 G(er f).25 E(ail)-.1 E 20(5E)133 610.52 S(MT)-20 E
20(6r)133 621.52 S(ecursi)-20 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
(ystem call \(TRAP instruction\)).15 E 20(71)133 632.52 S
(1/70 cache parity)-20 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(rp)-2.5 G
(rogrammed interrupt)-2.5 E 12.5(10 floating)133 643.52 R(point trap)2.5
E 12.5(11 se)133 654.52 R(gmentation violation)-.15 E .018(In some of t\
hese cases it is possible for octal 20 to be added into the trap type; \
this indicates that the proces-)108 670.56 R 1.076(sor w)108 681.56 R
1.076(as in user mode when the trap occurred.)-.1 F 1.076
(If you wish to e)6.076 F 1.076
(xamine the stack after such a trap, either)-.15 F .677
(dump the system, or use the console switches to e)108 692.56 R .677
(xamine core; the required address mapping is described)-.15 F(belo)108
703.56 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G 2.5(-9-)297.67 767 S EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(CRASH \( VIII \))72 58 R 154.012
(2/12/75 CRASH)156.512 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Interpr)108 105 Q .413(eting dumps.)-.37 F F0 .413
(All f)7.913 F .413(ile system problems should be tak)-.2 F .412
(en care of before attempting to look at dumps.)-.1 F 1.03
(The dump should be read into the f)108 116 R(ile)-.2 E F1(/usr/sys/cor)
3.53 E 1.03(e; cp)-.37 F F0 1.03(\(I\) will do.)3.53 F 1.03
(At this point, you should e)6.03 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E F1(ps)3.53
E/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)108 127 Q F1(alxk)A F0(and)3.329 E F1(who)3.329 E F0
.829(to print the process table and the users who were on at the time o\
f the crash.)3.329 F -1.1(Yo)5.828 G 3.328(us)1.1 G(hould)-3.328 E .7
(dump \()108 138 R F1(od)3.2 E F0 .7(\(I\)\) the f)3.2 F .7
(irst 30 bytes of)-.2 F F1(/usr/sys/cor)3.2 E -.15(e.)-.37 G F0 .7
(Starting at location 4, the re)5.85 F .7(gisters R0, R1, R2, R3, R4,)
-.15 F .256(R5, SP and KDSA6 \(KISA6 for 11/40s\) are stored.)108 149 R
.256(If the dump had to be restarted, R0 will not be correct.)5.256 F
(Ne)108 160 Q 1.097(xt, tak)-.15 F 3.597(et)-.1 G 1.097(he v)-3.597 F
1.098(alue of KA6 \(location 22\(8\) in the dump\) multiplied by 100\(8\
\) and dump 1000\(8\) bytes)-.25 F 1.523(starting from there.)108 171 R
1.523(This is the per)6.523 F 1.522
(-process data associated with the process running at the time of the)
-.2 F 3.137(crash. Relabel)108 182 R .637
(the addresses 140000 to 141776.)3.137 F .638(R5 is C')5.638 F 3.138(sf)
-.55 G .638(rame or display pointer)-3.138 F 5.638(.S)-.55 G .638
(tored at \(R5\) is the)-5.638 F .081(old R5 pointing to the pre)108 193
R .081(vious stack frame.)-.25 F .081(At \(R5\)+2 is the sa)5.081 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.58(dP).15 G 2.58(Co)-2.58 G 2.58(ft)-2.58 G .08
(he calling procedure.)-2.58 F -.35(Tr)5.08 G .08(ace this).35 F .135
(calling chain until you obtain an R5 v)108 204 R .136
(alue of 141756, which is where the user')-.25 F 2.636(sR)-.55 G 2.636
(5i)-2.636 G 2.636(ss)-2.636 G 2.636(tored. If)-2.636 F .136
(the chain is)2.636 F(brok)108 215 Q .649(en, you ha)-.1 F .949 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 3.149(ol).15 G .648
(ook for a plausible R5, PC pair and continue from there.)-3.149 F .648
(Each PC should be look)5.648 F(ed)-.1 E .46(up in the system')108 226 R
2.96(sn)-.55 G .46(ame list using)-2.96 F F1(db)2.96 E F0 .461
(\(I\) and its `:' command, to get a re)2.96 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .461
(rse calling order).15 F 5.461(.I)-.55 G 2.961(nm)-5.461 G .461
(ost cases)-2.961 F .24(this procedure will gi)108 237 R .54 -.15(ve a)
-.25 H 2.74(ni).15 G .24(dea of what is wrong.)-2.74 F 2.739(Am)5.239 G
.239(ore complete discussion of system deb)-2.739 F .239(ugging is im-)
-.2 F(possible here.)108 248 Q/F3 8/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 266.2 Q
F0(clri, icheck, dcheck, boot procedures \(VIII\))108 277.2 Q F3 -.08
(BU)72 295.4 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(CR)72 58 Q -.834(ON \( VIII \))-.4 F
157.472(10/25/74 CR)159.972 F -.834(ON \( VIII \))-.4 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(cron)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(clock daemon)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/cr)108 163.4 Q(on)-.18 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q
/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Cr)108 192.6 Q(on)-.45 E F0 -.15(exe)6.815 G
4.315(cutes commands at specif).15 F 4.316
(ied dates and times according to the instructions in the f)-.2 F(ile)
-.2 E(/usr/lib/crontab)108 203.6 Q 5.182(.S)-.4 G(ince)-5.182 E F4(cr)
2.682 E(on)-.45 E F0(ne)2.682 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.681(re).15 G .181
(xits, it should only be e)-2.831 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .181(cuted once.).15
F .181(This is best done by running)5.181 F F4(cr)2.681 E(on)-.45 E F0
(from the initialization process through the f)108 214.6 Q
(ile /etc/rc; see)-.2 E F4(init)2.5 E F0(\(VIII\).)2.5 E .137
(Crontab consists of lines of six f)108 230.64 R .137(ields each.)-.2 F
.137(The f)5.137 F .137(ields are separated by spaces or tabs.)-.2 F
.137(The f)5.137 F .137(irst f)-.2 F -2.15 -.25(iv e)-.2 H .137(are in-)
2.887 F(te)108 241.64 Q .371(ger patterns to specify the minute \(0-59\
\), hour \(0-23\), day of the month \(1-31\), month of the year \(1-12\
\),)-.15 F 1.469(and day of the week \(1-7 with 1=monday\).)108 252.64 R
1.47(Each of these patterns may contain a number in the range)6.469 F
(abo)108 263.64 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(;t).15 G .778 -.1(wo n)-3.078 H
.578(umbers separated by a minus meaning a range inclusi).1 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.078(;a).15 G .577(list of numbers separated by com-)-.001 F .42
(mas meaning an)108 274.64 R 2.92(yo)-.15 G 2.92(ft)-2.92 G .42
(he numbers; or an asterisk meaning all le)-2.92 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.92
(lv).05 G 2.92(alues. The)-3.17 F .42(sixth f)2.92 F .42
(ield is a string that is)-.2 F -.15(exe)108 285.64 S 1.156
(cuted by the Shell at the specif).15 F 1.156(ied times.)-.2 F 3.656(Ap)
6.156 G 1.156(ercent character in this f)-3.656 F 1.156
(ield is translated to a ne)-.2 F(w-line)-.25 E(character)108 296.64 Q
5.277(.O)-.55 G .277(nly the f)-5.277 F .278
(irst line \(up to a % or end of line\) of the command f)-.2 F .278
(ield is e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .278(cuted by the Shell.).15 F(The)5.278
E(other lines are made a)108 307.64 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the command as standard input.).25 E .553(Crontab is e)108
323.68 R .552(xamined by)-.15 F F4(cr)3.052 E(on)-.45 E F0 -2.15 -.25
(ev e)3.052 H .552(ry hour).25 F 5.552(.T)-.55 G .552(hus it could tak)
-5.552 F 3.052(eu)-.1 G 3.052(pt)-3.052 G 3.052(oa)-3.052 G 3.052(nh)
-3.052 G .552(our for entries to become ef)-3.052 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(If it recei)108 334.68 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sah).15 G
(angup signal, ho)-2.5 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .8 -.4(r, t).15 H
(he table is e).4 E(xamined immediately; so `kill \2551 ...)-.15 E 2.5
('c)-.7 G(an be used.)-2.5 E F1(FILES)72 352.88 Q F0(/usr/lib/crontab)
108 363.88 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72 382.08 Q F0
(init\(VIII\), sh\(I\), kill \(I\))108 393.08 Q F1(DIA)72 411.28 Q
(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0(None \255 ille)108 422.28 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(ll)
.05 G(ines in crontab are ignored.)-2.5 E F1 -.08(BU)72 440.48 S(GS).08
E F0 3.33(Am)108 451.48 S .83(ore ef)-3.33 F -.2(fi)-.25 G .83
(cient algorithm could be used.).2 F .83(The o)5.83 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.831(rhead in running).15 F F4(cr)3.331 E(on)-.45 E F0 .831
(is about one percent of the ma-)3.331 F(chine, e)108 462.48 Q(xclusi)
-.15 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(fa).15 G .3 -.15(ny c)-2.5 H(ommands e)
.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DCHECK \( VIII \))72 58 R
148.742(2/8/75 DCHECK)151.242 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F
/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(dcheck)108 134.2 Q
/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le system directory consistenc)
.2 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(dcheck)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(i)A F0(numbers ] [ f)2.5
E(ilesystem ])-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(Dc)108 192.6 Q(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 .116(reads the directories in a f)
2.617 F .116(ile system and compares the link-count in each i-node with\
 the number of)-.2 F .236(directory entries by which it is referenced.)
108 203.6 R .236(If the f)5.236 F .236(ile system is not specif)-.2 F
.236(ied, a set of def)-.2 F .236(ault f)-.1 F .236(ile systems is)-.2 F
(check)108 214.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E(The)108 230.64 Q F2(-)2.512 E F3(i)A F0
.012(flag is follo)2.512 F .011(wed by a list of i-numbers; when one of\
 those i-numbers turns up in a directory)-.25 F 2.511(,t)-.65 G .011
(he num-)-2.511 F(ber)108 241.64 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G
(he i-number of the directory)-2.5 E 2.5(,a)-.65 G
(nd the name of the entry are reported.)-2.5 E(The program is f)108
257.68 Q(astest if the ra)-.1 E 2.5(wv)-.15 G(ersion of the special f)
-2.65 E(ile is used, since the i-list is read in lar)-.2 E(ge chunks.)
-.18 E F1(FILES)72 275.88 Q F0(Currently)108 286.88 Q 2.5(,/)-.65 G(de)
-2.5 E(v/rrk2 and /de)-.25 E(v/rrp0 are the def)-.25 E(ault f)-.1 E
(ile systems.)-.2 E F1(DIA)72 305.08 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 1.21(When a f)
108 316.08 R 1.21(ile turns up for which the link-count and the number \
of directory entries disagree, the rele)-.2 F -.25(va)-.25 G(nt).25 E
-.1(fa)108 327.08 S .321(cts are reported.).1 F .321(Allocated f)5.321 F
.321(iles which ha)-.2 F .621 -.15(ve 0 l)-.2 H .32
(ink-count and no entries are also listed.).15 F .32(The only danger)
5.32 F(-)-.2 E .466(ous situation occurs when there are more entries th\
an links; if entries are remo)108 338.08 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .467
(d, so the link-count drops).15 F .454
(to 0, the remaining entries point to thin air)108 349.08 R 5.454(.T)
-.55 G(he)-5.454 E 2.954(ys)-.15 G .454(hould be remo)-2.954 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.954(d. When).15 F .453(there are more links than en-)2.953 F
.039(tries, or there is an allocated f)108 360.08 R .039
(ile with neither links nor entries, some disk space may be lost b)-.2 F
.039(ut the situation)-.2 F(will not de)108 371.08 Q(generate.)-.15 E F1
(SEE ALSO)72 389.28 Q F0
(icheck \(VIII\), fs \(V\), clri \(VIII\), ncheck \(VIII\))108 400.28 Q
F1 -.08(BU)72 418.48 S(GS).08 E F0(Since)108 429.48 Q F4(dc)3.039 E(hec)
-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 .539(is inherently tw)3.039 F .539
(o-pass in nature, e)-.1 F .538
(xtraneous diagnostics may be produced if applied to acti)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G -.2(fi)108 440.48 S(le systems.).2 E 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5
(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DF \( VIII \))72 58 R 174.572
(1/20/73 DF)177.072 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(df)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(disk free)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(df)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([f)2.5 G(ilesystem ])-2.7 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Df)108 192.6 Q F0 .253
(prints out the number of free blocks a)2.753 F -.25(va)-.2 G .253
(ilable on a f).25 F .254(ile system.)-.2 F .254(If the f)5.254 F .254
(ile system is unspecif)-.2 F .254(ied, the free)-.2 F
(space on all of the normally mounted f)108 203.6 Q
(ile systems is printed.)-.2 E F1(FILES)72 221.8 Q F0(/de)108 232.8 Q
(v/rf?, /de)-.25 E(v/rk?, /de)-.25 E(v/rp?)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 251 Q
F0(icheck \(VIII\))108 262 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 280.2 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)
295.17 767 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DPD \( VIII \))72 58 R 167.352
(3/15/72 DPD)169.852 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(dpd)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(data phone daemon)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/dpd)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Dpd)108 192.6 Q F0 .51(is the 201 data phone daemon.)
3.01 F .509(It is designed to submit jobs to the Hone)5.51 F .509
(ywell 6070 computer via the)-.15 F(GR)108 203.6 Q(TS interf)-.6 E(ace.)
-.1 E F4(Dpd)108 219.64 Q F0 .936(uses the directory)3.436 F F4
(/usr/dpd.)3.436 E F0 .936(The f)5.936 F(ile)-.2 E F4(loc)3.436 E(k)-.2
E F0 .936(in that directory is used to pre)3.436 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .936
(nt tw).15 F 3.436(od)-.1 G .937(aemons from be-)-3.436 F .092
(coming acti)108 230.64 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.092(.A).15 G .092(fter the d\
aemon has successfully set the lock, it forks and the main path e)-5.092
F .091(xits, thus spa)-.15 F(wn-)-.15 E .37(ing the daemon.)108 241.64 R
.37(The directory is scanned for f)5.37 F .37(iles be)-.2 F .371
(ginning with)-.15 F F3(df)2.871 E(.)-.15 E F0 .371(Each such f)5.371 F
.371(ile is submitted as a job)-.2 F(.)-.4 E(Each line of a job f)108
252.64 Q(ile must be)-.2 E(gin with a k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey c)-.1 H
(haracter to specify what to do with the remainder of the line.).15 E F3
(S)118 268.68 Q F0(directs)9.44 E F4(dpd)2.526 E F0 .026
(to generate a unique snumb card.)2.526 F .026
(This card is generated by incrementing the f)5.026 F .025(irst w)-.2 F
.025(ord of)-.1 F(the f)133 279.68 Q(ile)-.2 E F4(/usr/dpd/snumb)2.5 E
F0(and con)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rting that to three-digit octal concatenated with the station ID.).15 E
F3(L)118 295.72 Q F0(specif)8.33 E
(ies that the remainder of the line is to be sent as a literal.)-.2 E F3
(B)118 311.76 Q F0(specif)8.33 E(ies that the rest of the line is a f)
-.2 E(ile name.)-.2 E(That f)5 E(ile is to be sent as binary cards.)-.2
E F3(F)118 327.8 Q F0(is the same as)8.89 E F3(B)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(cept a form feed is prepended to the f).15 E(ile.)-.2 E F3(U)118 343.84
Q F0(specif)7.78 E 1.147(ies that the rest of the line is a f)-.2 F
1.147(ile name.)-.2 F 1.147(After the job has been transmitted, the f)
6.147 F 1.147(ile is un-)-.2 F(link)133 354.84 Q(ed.)-.1 E F3(M)118
370.88 Q F0 .583(is follo)5.56 F .583
(wed by a user ID; after the job is sent, the snumb number and the f)
-.25 F .583(irst line of information in)-.2 F(the f)133 381.88 Q
(ile is mailed to the user to v)-.2 E(erify the sending of the job)-.15
E(.)-.4 E(An)108 397.92 Q 3.251(ye)-.15 G .751
(rror encountered will cause the daemon to drop the call, w)-3.251 F
.752(ait up to 20 minutes and start o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.352 -.55
(r. T).15 H(his).55 E(means that an improperly constructed)108 408.92 Q
F4(df)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le may cause the same job to be submitted e)
.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry 20 minutes.).15 E(While w)108 424.96 Q
(aiting, the daemon checks to see that the)-.1 E F4(loc)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0
-.2(fi)2.5 G(le still e).2 E 2.5(xists. If)-.15 F
(it is gone, the daemon will e)2.5 E(xit.)-.15 E F1(FILES)72 443.16 Q F0
(/de)108 454.16 Q(v/dn0, /de)-.25 E(v/dp0, /usr/dpd/*)-.25 E F1
(SEE ALSO)72 472.36 Q F0(opr \(I\))108 483.36 Q 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5
(4-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DUMP \( VIII \))72 58 R 155.962
(11/24/73 DUMP)158.462 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(dump)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(incremental f)2.5 E(ile system dump)-.2 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([k)
2.5 G .3 -.15(ey [ a)-2.6 H -.18(rg).15 G(uments ] f).18 E(ilesystem ])
-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Dump)108 192.6 Q
F0(mak)2.729 E .229(es an incremental f)-.1 F .229
(ile system dump on magtape of all f)-.2 F .229
(iles changed after a certain date.)-.2 F(The)5.228 E F4 -.1(ke)2.728 G
(y)-.2 E F0(ar)108 203.6 Q .297(gument specif)-.18 F .297
(ies the date and other options about the dump.)-.2 F F4 -2.1 -.35(Ke y)
5.297 H F0 .297(consists of characters from the set)3.147 F F3(abc-)
2.798 E -.25(fi)108 214.6 S(u0hds.).25 E(a)108 230.64 Q F0 2.033
(Normally f)20 F 2.033(iles lar)-.2 F 2.033(ger than 1000 blocks are no\
t incrementally dump; this flag forces them to be)-.18 F(dumped.)133
241.64 Q F3(b)108 257.68 Q F0(The ne)19.44 E(xt ar)-.15 E(gument is tak)
-.18 E(en to be the maximum size of the dump tape in blocks \(see)-.1 E
F3(s)2.5 E F0(\).)A F3(c)108 273.72 Q F0 .415(If the tape o)20.56 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G(rflo).15 E .416
(ws, increment the last character of its name and continue on that dri)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.416(.\().15 G(Normally)-5.416 E
(it asks you to change tapes.\))133 284.72 Q F3(f)108 300.76 Q F0
(Place the dump on the ne)21.67 E(xt ar)-.15 E(gument f)-.18 E
(ile instead of the tape.)-.2 E F3(i)108 316.8 Q F0 .383
(the dump date is tak)22.22 F .382(en from the entry in the f)-.1 F .382
(ile /etc/dtab corresponding to the last time this f)-.2 F .382
(ile sys-)-.2 F(tem w)133 327.8 Q(as dumped with the)-.1 E F3(-u)2.5 E
F0(option.)2.5 E F3(u)108 343.84 Q F0 .167(the date just prior to this \
dump is written on /etc/dtab upon successful completion of this dump.)
19.44 F(This)5.168 E -.2(fi)133 354.84 S(le contains a date for e).2 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ry f).15 E(ile system dumped with this option.)-.2 E F3
(0)108 370.88 Q F0 .047(the dump date is tak)20 F .046
(en as the epoch \(be)-.1 F .046(ginning of time\).)-.15 F .046
(Thus this option causes an entire f)5.046 F .046(ile system)-.2 F
(dump to be tak)133 381.88 Q(en.)-.1 E F3(h)108 397.92 Q F0 .522
(the dump date is some number of hours before the current date.)19.44 F
.523(The number of hours is tak)5.522 F .523(en from)-.1 F(the ne)133
408.92 Q(xt ar)-.15 E(gument in)-.18 E F4(ar)2.5 E(guments.)-.37 E F3(d)
108 424.96 Q F0 .13
(the dump date is some number of days before the current date.)19.44 F
.129(The number of days is tak)5.129 F .129(en from the)-.1 F(ne)133
435.96 Q(xt ar)-.15 E(gument in)-.18 E F4(ar)2.5 E(guments.)-.37 E F3(s)
108 452 Q F0 .357(the size of the dump tape is specif)21.11 F .357
(ied in feet.)-.2 F .358(The number of feet is tak)5.357 F .358
(en from the ne)-.1 F .358(xt ar)-.15 F .358(gument in)-.18 F F4(ar)133
463 Q(guments.)-.37 E F0 .108
(It is assumed that there are 9 standard UNIX records per foot.)5.108 F
.107(When the specif)5.107 F .107(ied size is)-.2 F
(reached, the dump will w)133 474 Q(ait for reels to be changed.)-.1 E
(The def)5 E(ault size is 2200 feet.)-.1 E(If no ar)108 490.04 Q
(guments are gi)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n, the).15 E F4 -.1(ke)2.5 G(y)-.2
E F0(is assumed to be)2.5 E F3(i)2.5 E F0(and the f)2.5 E
(ile system is assumed to be /de)-.2 E(v/rp0.)-.25 E
(Full dumps should be tak)108 506.08 Q(en on quiet f)-.1 E
(ile systems as follo)-.2 E(ws:)-.25 E(dump 0u /de)144 522.12 Q(v/rp0)
-.25 E(ncheck /de)144 533.12 Q(v/rp0)-.25 E(The)108 549.16 Q F4(nc)2.69
E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 .19
(will come in handy in case it is necessary to restore indi)2.69 F .191
(vidual f)-.25 F .191(iles from this dump.)-.2 F(Incremen-)5.191 E
(tal dumps should then be tak)108 560.16 Q(en when desired by:)-.1 E
(dump)144 576.2 Q .824(When the incremental dumps get cumbersome, a ne)
108 592.24 R 3.324(wc)-.25 G .824(omplete dump should be tak)-3.324 F
3.324(en. In)-.1 F .824(this w)3.324 F(ay)-.1 E 3.324(,ar)-.65 G(e-)
-3.324 E(store requires loading of the complete dump tape and only the \
latest incremental tape.)108 603.24 Q F1(DIA)72 621.44 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E
F0 .435(If the dump requires more than one tape, it will ask you to cha\
nge tapes.)108 632.44 R .435(Reply with a ne)5.435 F .435
(w-line when this)-.25 F .196(has been done.)108 643.44 R .196(If the f)
5.196 F .195(irst block on the ne)-.2 F 2.695(wt)-.25 G .195
(ape is not writable, e.g. because you for)-2.695 F .195
(got the write ring, you)-.18 F(get a chance to f)108 654.44 Q(ix it.)
-.2 E(Generally)5 E 2.5(,h)-.65 G -.25(ow)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(ev e).25 H
.8 -.4(r, r).25 H(ead or write f).4 E(ailures are f)-.1 E(atal.)-.1 E F1
(FILES)72 672.64 Q F0(/de)108 683.64 Q -1.81(v/mt0 magtape)-.25 F(/de)
108 694.64 Q .42(v/rp0 def)-.25 F(ault f)-.1 E(ile system)-.2 E
(/etc/dtab)108 705.64 Q 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(DUMP \( VIII \))72 58 R 155.962
(11/24/73 DUMP)158.462 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 105 Q F0
(restor \(VIII\), ncheck \(VIII\), dump \(V\))108 116 Q F1 -.08(BU)72
134.2 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(GETTY \( VIII \))72 58 R 154.582
(2/11/75 GETTY)157.082 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(getty)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(set type)2.5 E(writer mode)-.25 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/getty)108 163.4 Q F0 2.5([c)2.5 G
(har ])-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Getty)
108 192.6 Q F0 .151(is in)2.651 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.651(db).1 G
(y)-2.651 E F4(init)2.651 E F0 .151(\(VIII\) immediately after a type)
2.651 F .151(writer is opened follo)-.25 F .151(wing a dial-up.)-.25 F
.152(It reads the us-)5.151 F(er')108 203.6 Q 2.676(sn)-.55 G .176
(ame and in)-2.676 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.676(st).1 G(he)-2.676 E
F4(lo)2.676 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .176(command \(I\) with the name as ar)2.676
F 2.675(gument. While)-.18 F .175(reading the name)2.675 F F4 -.1(ge)
2.675 G(tty).1 E F0(at-)2.675 E(tempts to adapt the system to the speed\
 and type of terminal being used.)108 214.6 Q F4(Init)108 230.64 Q F0
(calls)3.552 E F4 -.1(ge)3.553 G(tty).1 E F0 1.053(with an ar)3.553 F
1.053(gument specif)-.18 F 1.053(ied by the)-.2 F F4(ttys)3.553 E F0 -.2
(fi)3.553 G 1.053(le entry for the type).2 F 1.053(writer line.)-.25 F
(Ar)6.053 E 1.053(guments other)-.18 F .07(than `0' can be used to mak)
108 241.64 R(e)-.1 E F4 -.1(ge)2.57 G(tty).1 E F0 .07
(treat the line specially)2.57 F 5.069(.N)-.65 G(ormally)-5.069 E 2.569
(,i)-.65 G 2.569(ts)-2.569 G .069(ets the speed of the interf)-2.569 F
.069(ace to 300)-.1 F .101(baud, specif)108 252.64 R .101(ies that ra)
-.2 F 2.601(wm)-.15 G .101(ode is to be used \(break on e)-2.601 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .102(ry character\), that echo is to be suppressed, and ei-)
.15 F .82(ther parity allo)108 263.64 R 3.32(wed. It)-.25 F .82
(types the `)3.32 F(`login:')-.74 E 3.319('m)-.74 G .819
(essage, which includes the characters which put the T)-3.319 F(erminet)
-.7 E 1.005(300 terminal into full-duple)108 274.64 R 3.505(xa)-.15 G
1.006(nd return the GSI terminal to non-graphic mode.)-3.505 F 1.006
(Then the user')6.006 F 3.506(sn)-.55 G 1.006(ame is)-3.506 F .392
(read, a character at a time.)108 285.64 R .392
(If a null character is recei)5.392 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .392
(d, it is assumed to be the result of the user pushing).15 F .122(the `)
108 296.64 R(`break')-.74 E 2.622('\()-.74 G -.74(``)-2.622 G
(interrupt').74 E .122('\) k)-.74 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 5.122(.T)-.5 G .123
(he speed is then changed to 150 baud and the `)-5.122 F(`login:')-.74 E
2.623('i)-.74 G 2.623(st)-2.623 G .123(yped ag)-2.623 F .123(ain, this)
-.05 F .3(time including the character sequence which puts a T)108
307.64 R .3(eletype 37 into full-duple)-.7 F 2.8(x. If)-.15 F 2.8(as)2.8
G .3(ubsequent null char)-2.8 F(-)-.2 E(acter is recei)108 318.64 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(d, the speed is changed back to 300 baud.).15 E .876
(The user')108 334.68 R 3.376(sn)-.55 G .876(ame is terminated by a ne)
-3.376 F .876(w-line or carriage-return character)-.25 F 5.876(.T)-.55 G
.877(he latter results in the system)-5.876 F
(being set to treat carriage returns appropriately \(see)108 345.68 Q F4
(stty)2.5 E F0(\(II\)\).)2.5 E .114(The user')108 361.72 R 2.614(sn)-.55
G .113(ame is scanned to see if it contains an)-2.614 F 2.613(yl)-.15 G
-.25(ow)-2.613 G(er).25 E .113
(-case alphabetic characters; if not, and if the name)-.2 F .606
(is nonempty)108 372.72 R 3.106(,t)-.65 G .606
(he system is told to map an)-3.106 F 3.106(yf)-.15 G .606(uture upper)
-3.106 F .606(-case characters into the corresponding lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25
E(-case)-.2 E(characters.)108 383.72 Q(Finally)108 399.76 Q 2.5(,l)-.65
G(ogin is called with the user')-2.5 E 2.5(sn)-.55 G(ame as ar)-2.5 E
(gument.)-.18 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 417.96 Q F0
(init \(VIII\), login \(I\), stty \(II\), ttys \(V\))108 428.96 Q F1
-.08(BU)72 447.16 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(GLOB \( VIII \))72 58 R 160.132
(9/19/73 GLOB)162.632 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(glob)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(generate command ar)2.5 E(guments)-.18 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/glob)108 163.4 Q F0
(command [ ar)2.5 E(guments ])-.18 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Glob)108 192.6 Q F0 .648(is used to e)3.148 F .648
(xpand ar)-.15 F .647(guments to the shell containing `)-.18 F(`*')-.74
E .647(', `)-.74 F(`[')-.74 E .647(', or `)-.74 F(`?')-.74 E 3.147
('. It)-.74 F .647(is passed the ar)3.147 F .647(gument list)-.18 F .425
(containing the metacharacters;)108 203.6 R F4(glob)2.925 E F0 -.15(ex)
2.925 G .425(pands the list and calls the indicated command.).15 F .426
(The actions of)5.426 F F4(glob)2.926 E F0
(are detailed in the Shell writeup.)108 214.6 Q F1(SEE)72 232.8 Q F0
(sh \(I\))108 243.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 262 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-1)295.17 767
S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(ICHECK \( VIII \))72 58 R
152.632(2/9/75 ICHECK)155.132 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F
/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(icheck)108 134.2 Q
/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0 -.2(fi)2.5 G(le system storage consistenc).2
E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(heck)-2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(icheck)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(s)A F0 5(][)2.5 G F2(-)-2.5
E F3(b)A F0(numbers ] [ f)2.5 E(ilesystem ])-.2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72
181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ic)108 192.6 Q(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0
-.15(ex)3.054 G .554(amines a f).15 F .554(ile system, b)-.2 F .554
(uilds a bit map of used blocks, and compares this bit map ag)-.2 F .553
(ainst the free)-.05 F .069(list maintained on the f)108 203.6 R .069
(ile system.)-.2 F .069(If the f)5.069 F .069(ile system is not specif)
-.2 F .069(ied, a set of def)-.2 F .069(ault f)-.1 F .069
(ile systems is check)-.2 F(ed.)-.1 E(The normal output of)108 214.6 Q
F4(ic)2.5 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0(includes a report of)2.5 E
(The number of blocks missing; i.e. not in an)128 230.64 Q 2.5(yf)-.15 G
(ile nor in the free list,)-2.7 E(The number of special f)128 241.64 Q
(iles,)-.2 E(The total number of f)128 252.64 Q(iles,)-.2 E
(The number of lar)128 263.64 Q(ge and huge f)-.18 E(iles,)-.2 E
(The number of directories,)128 274.64 Q(The number of indirect blocks,\
 and the number of double-indirect blocks in huge f)128 285.64 Q(iles,)
-.2 E(The number of blocks used in f)128 296.64 Q(iles,)-.2 E
(The number of free blocks.)128 307.64 Q(The)108 323.68 Q F2(-)3.445 E
F3(s)A F0 .945(flag causes)3.445 F F4(ic)3.445 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0
.945(to ignore the actual free list and reconstruct a ne)3.445 F 3.444
(wo)-.25 G .944(ne by re)-3.444 F .944(writing the super)-.25 F(-)-.2 E
.037(block of the f)108 334.68 R .037(ile system.)-.2 F .037(The f)5.037
F .037(ile system should be dismounted while this is done; if this is n\
ot possible \(for)-.2 F -.15(ex)108 345.68 S .055(ample if the root f)
.15 F .055(ile system has to be salv)-.2 F .055
(aged\) care should be tak)-.25 F .055
(en that the system is quiescent and that)-.1 F .373
(it is rebooted immediately afterw)108 356.68 R .373
(ards so that the old, bad in-core cop)-.1 F 2.874(yo)-.1 G 2.874(ft)
-2.874 G .374(he super)-2.874 F .374(-block will not continue)-.2 F .083
(to be used.)108 367.68 R .083(Notice also that the w)5.083 F .083
(ords in the super)-.1 F .083
(-block which indicate the size of the free list and of the i-)-.2 F
1.289(list are belie)108 378.68 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.789(d. If).15 F 1.289
(the super)3.789 F 1.289(-block has been curdled these w)-.2 F 1.29
(ords will ha)-.1 F 1.59 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.79(ob).15 G 3.79(ep)-3.79 G
3.79(atched. The)-3.79 F F2(-)3.79 E F3(s)A F0(flag)3.79 E
(causes the normal output reports to be suppressed.)108 389.68 Q -.15
(Fo)108 405.72 S(llo).15 E .303(wing the)-.25 F F3<ad62>2.803 E F0 .303
(flag is a list of block numbers; whene)2.803 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.803(ra)
.15 G .603 -.15(ny o)-2.803 H 2.803(ft).15 G .302
(he named blocks turns up in a f)-2.803 F .302(ile, a di-)-.2 F
(agnostic is produced.)108 416.72 Q F4(Ic)108 432.76 Q(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2
E F0(is f)2.5 E(aster if the ra)-.1 E 2.5(wv)-.15 G
(ersion of the special f)-2.65 E
(ile is used, since it reads the i-list man)-.2 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G
(locks at a time.)-2.5 E F1(FILES)72 450.96 Q F0(Currently)108 461.96 Q
2.5(,/)-.65 G(de)-2.5 E(v/rrk2 and /de)-.25 E(v/rrp0 are the def)-.25 E
(ault f)-.1 E(ile systems.)-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 480.16 Q F0(dcheck \(VI\
II\), ncheck \(VIII\), fs \(V\), clri \(VIII\), restor\(VIII\))108
491.16 Q F1(DIA)72 509.36 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 -.15(Fo)108 520.36 S
2.932(rd).15 G .432
(uplicate blocks and bad blocks \(which lie outside the f)-2.932 F .433
(ile system\))-.2 F F4(ic)2.933 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 .433
(announces the dif)2.933 F -.2(fi)-.25 G(culty).2 E 2.933(,t)-.65 G(he)
-2.933 E(i-number)108 531.36 Q 2.686(,a)-.4 G .186
(nd the kind of block in)-2.686 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E 2.685(ed. If)-.15
F 2.685(ar)2.685 G .185
(ead error is encountered, the block number of the bad block)-2.685 F
1.161(is printed and)108 542.36 R F4(ic)3.661 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0
1.161(considers it to contain 0.)3.661 F -.74(``)6.161 G 1.161
(Bad freeblock').74 F 3.661('m)-.74 G 1.161
(eans that a block number outside the)-3.661 F -.2(av)108 553.36 S .847
(ailable space w)-.05 F .847(as encountered in the free list.)-.1 F -.74
(``)5.846 G F4(n).74 E F0 .846(dups in free')3.346 F 3.346('m)-.74 G
.846(eans that)-3.346 F F4(n)3.346 E F0 .846(blocks were found in the)
3.346 F(free list which duplicate blocks either in some f)108 564.36 Q
(ile or in the earlier part of the free list.)-.2 E F1 -.08(BU)72 582.56
S(GS).08 E F0(Since)108 593.56 Q F4(ic)3.186 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0
.686(is inherently tw)3.186 F .687(o-pass in nature, e)-.1 F .687
(xtraneous diagnostics may be produced if applied to acti)-.15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G -.2(fi)108 604.56 S(le systems.).2 E(It belie)108 615.56 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(se).15 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(np).15 G
(reposterous super)-2.5 E(-blocks and consequently can get core images.)
-.2 E 2.5(-1)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(INIT \( VIII \))72 58 R 167.362
(2/22/74 INIT)169.862 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(init)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(process control initialization)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/init)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72
181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Init)108 192.6 Q F0 .528(is in)3.028 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.028(di).1 G .528
(nside UNIX as the last step in the boot procedure.)-3.028 F .527
(Generally its role is to create a process)5.527 F(for each type)108
203.6 Q(writer on which a user may log in.)-.25 E(First,)108 219.64 Q F4
(init)2.586 E F0 .086
(checks to see if the console switches contain 173030.)2.586 F .087
(\(This number is lik)5.087 F .087(ely to v)-.1 F .087(ary between sys-)
-.25 F 2.568(tems.\) If)108 230.64 R .068(so, the console type)2.568 F
(writer)-.25 E F3(/de)2.567 E(v/tty8)-.15 E F0 .067
(is opened for reading and writing and the Shell is in)2.567 F -.2(vo)
-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.567(di).1 G(m-)-2.567 E(mediately)108 241.64 Q 6.043
(.T)-.65 G 1.044(his feature is used to bring up a single-user system.)
-6.043 F 1.044(When the system is brought up in this)6.044 F -.1(wa)108
252.64 S 1.378 -.65(y, t).1 H(he).65 E F4 -.1(ge)2.577 G(tty).1 E F0
(and)2.577 E F4(lo)2.577 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .077(routines mentioned belo)
2.577 F 2.577(wa)-.25 G .077(nd described else)-2.577 F .077
(where are not used.)-.25 F .077(If the Shell termi-)5.077 F(nates,)108
263.64 Q F4(init)2.5 E F0(starts o)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rl).15 G
(ooking for the console switch setting.)-2.5 E(Otherwise,)108 279.68 Q
F4(init)3.073 E F0(in)3.073 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.073(saS).1 G
.573(hell, with input tak)-3.073 F .573(en from the f)-.1 F(ile)-.2 E F4
(/etc/r)3.073 E(c.)-.37 E F0 .573(This command f)5.573 F .574
(ile performs house-)-.2 F -.1(ke)108 290.68 S(eping lik).1 E 2.5(er)-.1
G(emo)-2.5 E(ving temporary f)-.15 E(iles, mounting f)-.2 E
(ile systems, and starting daemons.)-.2 E(Then)108 306.72 Q F4(init)
3.077 E F0 .577(reads the f)3.077 F(ile)-.2 E F4(/etc/ttys)3.077 E F0
.577(and forks se)3.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .577
(ral times to create a process for each type).15 F .576(writer specif)
-.25 F .576(ied in)-.2 F .411(the f)108 317.72 R 2.911(ile. Each)-.2 F
.411(of these processes opens the appropriate type)2.911 F .412
(writer for reading and writing.)-.25 F .412(These channels)5.412 F .335
(thus recei)108 328.72 R .635 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .334
(ile descriptors 0 and 1, the standard input and output.)-.05 F .334
(Opening the type)5.334 F .334(writer will usually in-)-.25 F -.2(vo)108
339.72 S(lv).2 E 3.703(ead)-.15 G(elay)-3.703 E 3.704(,s)-.65 G 1.204
(ince the)-3.704 F F4(open)3.704 E F0 1.204(is not completed until some\
one is dialed up and carrier established on the)3.704 F 2.593
(channel. Then)108 350.72 R F4(/etc/g)2.593 E(etty)-.1 E F0 .092
(is called with ar)2.593 F .092(gument as specif)-.18 F .092
(ied by the last character of the)-.2 F F4(ttys)2.592 E F0 -.2(fi)2.592
G .092(le line.).2 F F4(Getty)5.092 E F0(reads the user')108 361.72 Q
2.5(sn)-.55 G(ame and in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s).1 E F4(lo)
2.5 E(gin)-.1 E F0(\(q.v)2.5 E 2.5(.\) to)-.65 F(log in the user and e)
2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the Shell.).15 E .395
(Ultimately the Shell will terminate because of an end-of-f)108 377.76 R
.395(ile either typed e)-.2 F .395(xplicitly or generated as a result)
-.15 F .237(of hanging up.)108 388.76 R .237(The main path of)5.237 F F4
(init)2.737 E F0 2.737(,w)C .237(hich has been w)-2.737 F .237
(aiting for such an e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .237(nt, w).15 F(ak)-.1 E
.237(es up and remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.737(st).15 G(he)-2.737 E
1.047(appropriate entry from the f)108 399.76 R(ile)-.2 E F4(utmp)3.547
E F0 3.547(,w)C 1.047(hich records current users, and mak)-3.547 F 1.048
(es an entry in)-.1 F F4(/usr/adm/wtmp)3.548 E F0(,)A .741
(which maintains a history of logins and logouts.)108 410.76 R .741
(Then the appropriate type)5.741 F .74(writer is reopened and)-.25 F F4
-.1(ge)3.24 G(tty).1 E F0(is)3.24 E(rein)108 421.76 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F4(Init)108 437.8 Q F0 .276(catches the)2.776 F F4
(hangup)2.776 E F0 .277(signal \(signal #1\) and interprets it to mean \
that the switches should be e)2.776 F .277(xamined as)-.15 F .627
(in a reboot: if the)108 448.8 R 3.127(yi)-.15 G .627
(ndicate a multi-user system, the)-3.127 F F4(/etc/ttys)3.127 E F0 -.2
(fi)3.127 G .627(le is read ag).2 F 3.127(ain. The)-.05 F .626
(Shell process on each)3.127 F .761(line which used to be acti)108 459.8
R 1.061 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(n).15 E F4(ttys)3.261 E F0 -.2(bu)3.261 G 3.261
(ti).2 G 3.261(sn)-3.261 G 3.261(ol)-3.261 G .762
(onger there is terminated; a ne)-3.261 F 3.262(wp)-.25 G .762
(rocess is created for each)-3.262 F .25
(added line; lines unchanged in the f)108 470.8 R .25
(ile are undisturbed.)-.2 F .249
(Thus it is possible to drop or add phone lines with-)5.25 F .258
(out rebooting the system by changing the)108 481.8 R F4(ttys)2.758 E F0
-.2(fi)2.758 G .258(le and sending a).2 F F4(hangup)2.759 E F0 .259
(signal to the)2.759 F F4(init)2.759 E F0 .259(process: use `)2.759 F
(`kill)-.74 E F2(-)108 492.8 Q F0 2.5(11)C -.7(.')-2.5 G(')-.04 E F1
(FILES)72 511 Q F0(/de)108 522 Q
(v/tty?, /etc/utmp, /usr/adm/wtmp, /etc/ttys, /etc/rc)-.25 E F1
(SEE ALSO)72 540.2 Q F0
(login \(I\), kill \(I\), sh \(I\), ttys \(V\), getty \(VIII\))108 551.2
Q 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(LPD \( VIII \))72 58 R 170.962
(6/1/74 LPD)173.462 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(lpd)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(line printer daemon)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q
/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/lpd)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Lpd)108 192.6 Q F0 .473
(is the line printer daemon \(spool area handler\) in)2.973 F -.2(vo)-.4
G -.1(ke).2 G 2.973(db).1 G(y)-2.973 E F4(opr)2.973 E(.)-1.11 E F0 .473
(It uses the directory)5.473 F F4(/usr/lpd.)2.972 E F0 .472(The f)5.472
F(ile)-.2 E F4(loc)108 203.6 Q(k)-.2 E F0 .377
(in that directory is used to pre)2.877 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .377(nt tw).15
F 2.878(od)-.1 G .378(aemons from becoming acti)-2.878 F .678 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H(imultaneously).15 E 5.378(.A)-.65 G .378(fter the dae-)-5.378 F
.311(mon has successfully set the lock, it scans the directory for f)108
214.6 R .311(iles be)-.2 F .311(ginning with `)-.15 F(`df.)-.74 E 4.291
-.74('' L)-.7 H .311(ines in each).74 F F4(df)2.811 E F0 -.2(fi)2.811 G
(le).2 E(specify f)108 225.6 Q(iles to be printed in the same w)-.2 E
(ay as is done by the data-phone daemon dpd \(VIII\).)-.1 E F1(FILES)72
243.8 Q F0 31.16(/usr/lpd/* spool)108 254.8 R(area)2.5 E(/de)108 265.8 Q
5.97(v/lp printer)-.25 F F1(SEE ALSO)72 284 Q F0
(dpd \(VIII\), opr \(I\))108 295 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 313.2 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5
(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MKFS \( VIII \))72 58 R 160.122
(11/1/73 MKFS)162.622 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mkfs)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(construct a f)2.5 E(ile system)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)
72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/mkfs)108 163.4 Q F0(special proto)
2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Mkfs)108 192.6 Q
F0 .506(constructs a f)3.006 F .507
(ile system by writing on the special f)-.2 F(ile)-.2 E F4(special)3.007
E F0 .507(according to the directions found in the)3.007 F .161
(prototype f)108 203.6 R(ile)-.2 E F4(pr)2.661 E(oto.)-.45 E F0 .161
(The prototype f)5.161 F .161(ile contains tok)-.2 F .161
(ens separated by spaces or ne)-.1 F 2.66(wl)-.25 G 2.66(ines. The)-2.66
F -.2(fi)2.66 G .16(rst tok).2 F .16(en is)-.1 F .341(the name of a f)
108 214.6 R .341(ile to be copied onto block zero as the bootstrap prog\
ram \(see boot procedures \(VIII\)\).)-.2 F(The)5.342 E .474(second tok)
108 225.6 R .474(en is a number specifying the size of the created f)-.1
F .474(ile system.)-.2 F -.8(Ty)5.474 G .473
(pically it will be the number of).8 F .347(blocks on the de)108 236.6 R
.348(vice, perhaps diminished by space for sw)-.25 F 2.848(apping. The)
-.1 F(ne)2.848 E .348(xt tok)-.15 F .348
(en is the i-list size in blocks)-.1 F .755
(\(remember there are 16 i-nodes per block\).)108 247.6 R .755(The ne)
5.755 F .755(xt set of tok)-.15 F .754(ens comprise the specif)-.1 F
.754(ication for the root)-.2 F -.2(fi)108 258.6 S 2.805(le. File).2 F
(specif)2.805 E .306(ications consist of tok)-.2 F .306(ens gi)-.1 F
.306(ving the mode, the user)-.25 F .306
(-id, the group id, and the initial contents)-.2 F(of the f)108 269.6 Q
2.5(ile. The)-.2 F(syntax of the contents f)2.5 E
(ield depends on the mode.)-.2 E 1.123(The mode tok)108 285.64 R 1.123
(en for a f)-.1 F 1.123(ile is a 6 character string.)-.2 F 1.123(The f)
6.123 F 1.123(irst character specif)-.2 F 1.123(ies the type of the f)
-.2 F 3.623(ile. \(The)-.2 F(characters)108 296.64 Q F2(-)3.043 E F3
(bcd)A F0 .543(specify re)3.043 F(gular)-.15 E 3.043(,b)-.4 G .543
(lock special, character special and directory f)-3.043 F .543
(iles respecti)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 3.043(.\) The)-.65 F(sec-)
3.044 E .355(ond character of the type is either)108 307.64 R F3(u)2.855
E F0(or)2.855 E F2(-)2.855 E F0 .355(to specify set-user)2.855 F .355
(-id mode or not.)-.2 F .355(The third is)5.355 F F3(g)2.855 E F0(or)
2.855 E F2(-)2.855 E F0 .355(for the set-)2.855 F .302(group-id mode.)
108 318.64 R .303(The rest of the mode is a three digit octal number gi)
5.302 F .303(ving the o)-.25 F(wner)-.25 E 2.803(,g)-.4 G .303
(roup, and other read,)-2.803 F(write, e)108 329.64 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cute permissions \(see).15 E F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(mod).15 E F0(\(I\)\).)2.5
E -1 -.8(Tw o)108 345.68 T .316(decimal number tok)3.616 F .315
(ens come after the mode; the)-.1 F 2.815(ys)-.15 G .315
(pecify the user and group ID')-2.815 F 2.815(so)-.55 G 2.815(ft)-2.815
G .315(he o)-2.815 F .315(wner of the)-.25 F -.2(fi)108 356.68 S(le.).2
E(If the f)108 372.72 Q(ile is a re)-.2 E(gular f)-.15 E(ile, the ne)-.2
E(xt tok)-.15 E
(en is a pathname whence the contents and size are copied.)-.1 E .555
(If the f)108 388.76 R .556(ile is a block or character special f)-.2 F
.556(ile, tw)-.2 F 3.056(od)-.1 G .556(ecimal number tok)-3.056 F .556
(ens follo)-.1 F 3.056(ww)-.25 G .556(hich gi)-3.056 F .856 -.15(ve t)
-.25 H .556(he major and).15 F(minor de)108 399.76 Q(vice numbers.)-.25
E .33(If the f)108 415.8 R .33(ile is a directory)-.2 F(,)-.65 E F4
(mkfs)2.83 E F0(mak)2.83 E .33(es the entries)-.1 F F3(.)2.83 E F0(and)
2.83 E F3(..)2.83 E F0 .33(and then reads a list of names and \(recursi)
5.33 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .33(ly\) f).15 F(ile)-.2 E(specif)108 426.8 Q
(ications for the entries in the directory)-.2 E 5(.T)-.65 G
(he scan is terminated with the tok)-5 E(en)-.1 E F3($)2.5 E F0(.)A .646
(If the prototype f)108 442.84 R .646
(ile cannot be opened and its name consists of a string of digits,)-.2 F
F4(mkfs)3.146 E F0 -.2(bu)3.146 G .646(ilds a f).2 F .646(ile system)-.2
F .075(with a single empty directory on it.)108 453.84 R .075
(The size of the f)5.075 F .075(ile system is the v)-.2 F .075(alue of)
-.25 F F4(pr)2.574 E(oto)-.45 E F0 .074(interpreted as a decimal)2.574 F
(number)108 464.84 Q 6.094(.T)-.55 G 1.094(he i-list size is the f)
-6.094 F 1.094(ile system size di)-.2 F 1.094
(vided by 43 plus the size di)-.25 F 1.095(vided by 1000.)-.25 F 1.095
(\(This corre-)6.095 F 1.11(sponds to an a)108 475.84 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
1.11(rage size of three blocks per f).15 F 1.11(ile for a 4000 block f)
-.2 F 1.11(ile system and six blocks per f)-.2 F 1.11(ile at)-.2 F 2.5
(40,000.\) The)108 486.84 R(boot program is left uninitialized.)2.5 E
2.5(As)108 502.88 S(ample prototype specif)-2.5 E(ication follo)-.2 E
(ws:)-.25 E(/usr/mdec/uboot)158 518.92 Q(4872 55)158 529.92 Q(d)158
540.92 Q F2(--)A F0(777 3 1)A 21.28(usr d)158 551.92 R F2(--)A F0
(777 3 1)A(sh)194 562.92 Q F2(---)27.11 E F0(755 3 1 /bin/sh)A -.1(ke)
194 573.92 S 21.66(nd).1 G F2(--)-21.66 E F0(755 6 1)A($)230 584.92 Q
23.5(b0 b)194 595.92 R F2(--)A F0(644 3 1 0 0)A 24.06(c0 c)194 606.92 R
F2(--)A F0(644 3 1 0 0)A($)194 617.92 Q($)158 628.92 Q F1(SEE ALSO)72
647.12 Q F0 -.2(fi)108 658.12 S
(le system \(V\), directory \(V\), boot procedures \(VIII\)).2 E F1 -.08
(BU)72 676.32 S(GS).08 E F0(It is not possible to initialize a f)108
687.32 Q(ile lar)-.2 E(ger than 64K bytes.)-.18 E(The size of the f)108
698.32 Q(ile system is restricted to 64K blocks.)-.2 E
(There should be some w)108 709.32 Q(ay to specify links.)-.1 E 2.5(-2)
295.17 767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MKNOD \( VIII \))72 58 R 149.582
(2/11/75 MKNOD)152.082 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mknod)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(ild special f).2 E(ile)-.2 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/mknod)108 163.4 Q F0
(name [)2.5 E F3(c)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)2.5 G F3(b)A F0 2.5(]m)2.5 G
(ajor minor)-2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(Mknod)108 192.6 Q F0(mak)2.875 E .376
(es a directory entry and corresponding i-node for a special f)-.1 F
2.876(ile. The)-.2 F -.2(fi)2.876 G .376(rst ar).2 F .376(gument is the)
-.18 F F4(name)2.876 E F0 .547(of the entry)108 203.6 R 5.547(.T)-.65 G
.547(he second is)-5.547 F F3(b)3.046 E F0 .546(if the special f)3.046 F
.546(ile is block-type \(disks, tape\) or)-.2 F F3(c)3.046 E F0 .546
(if it is character)3.046 F .546(-type \(other)-.2 F(de)108 214.6 Q
2.903(vices\). The)-.25 F .403(last tw)2.903 F 2.903(oa)-.1 G -.18(rg)
-2.903 G .403(uments are numbers specifying the).18 F F4(major)2.903 E
F0(de)2.903 E .403(vice type and the)-.25 F F4(minor)2.903 E F0(de)2.904
E .404(vice \(e.g.)-.25 F(unit, dri)108 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,o)
.15 G 2.5(rl)-2.5 G(ine number\).)-2.5 E .174
(The assignment of major de)108 241.64 R .173(vice numbers is specif)
-.25 F .173(ic to each system.)-.2 F(The)5.173 E 2.673(yh)-.15 G -2.25
-.2(av e)-2.673 H .173(to be dug out of the system)2.873 F(source f)108
252.64 Q(ile)-.2 E F4(conf)2.5 E(.c.)-.15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 270.84 Q F0
(mknod \(II\))108 281.84 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 300.04 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-2)
295.17 767 S 2.5(3-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(MOUNT \( VIII \))72 58 R 148.192
(10/31/73 MOUNT)150.692 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(mount)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(mount f)2.5 E(ile system)-.2 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72
152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/mount)108 163.4 Q F0(special f)2.5 E
(ile [)-.2 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(r)A F0(])2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Mount)108 192.6 Q F0 .351
(announces to the system that a remo)2.851 F -.25(va)-.15 G .351(ble f)
.25 F .351(ile system is present on the de)-.2 F .352
(vice corresponding to spe-)-.25 F .577(cial f)108 203.6 R(ile)-.2 E F4
(special)3.077 E F0 .577
(\(which must refer to a disk or possibly DECtape\).)3.077 F(The)5.577 E
F4 -.2(fi)3.076 G(le).2 E F0 .576(must e)3.076 F .576
(xist already; it becomes)-.15 F(the name of the root of the ne)108
214.6 Q(wly mounted f)-.25 E(ile system.)-.2 E F4(Mount)108 230.64 Q F0
(maintains a table of mounted de)2.5 E(vices; if in)-.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
-.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ithout an ar)-2.5 E(gument it prints the table.)
-.18 E .005(The optional last ar)108 246.68 R .005
(gument indicates that the f)-.18 F .005(ile is to be mounted read-only)
-.2 F 5.006(.P)-.65 G -.05(hy)-5.006 G .006(sically write-protected and)
.05 F .086(magnetic tape f)108 257.68 R .086
(ile systems must be mounted in this w)-.2 F .085
(ay or errors will occur when access times are updated,)-.1 F
(whether or not an)108 268.68 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G
(xplicit write is attempted.)-2.65 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 286.88 Q F0
(mount \(II\), mtab \(V\), umount \(VIII\))108 297.88 Q F1 -.08(BU)72
316.08 S(GS).08 E F0(Mounting f)108 327.08 Q(ile systems full of g)-.2 E
(arbage will crash the system.)-.05 E 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(4-)-2.5 G
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(NCHECK \( VIII \))72 58 R
148.742(2/8/75 NCHECK)151.242 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F
/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(ncheck)108 134.2 Q
/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(generate names from i-numbers)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)
72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(ncheck)108 163.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(-)2.5
E F3(i)A F0(numbers ])2.5 E([)5 E F2(-)2.5 E F3(a)A F0 5(][)2.5 G -.2
(fi)-2.5 G(lesystem ]).2 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Nc)108 192.6 Q(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0 .236(with no ar)
2.736 F .236(gument generates a pathname vs. i-number list of all f)-.18
F .237(iles on a set of def)-.2 F .237(ault f)-.1 F .237(ile systems.)
-.2 F(The)108 203.6 Q F2(-)2.882 E F3(i)A F0 .382
(flag reduces the report to only those f)2.882 F .382
(iles whose i-numbers follo)-.2 F -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(-)6.031 E F3(a)A F0
(allo)2.881 E .381(ws printing of the names)-.25 F(`.)108 214.6 Q 2.5
('a)-.7 G(nd `..)-2.5 E(', which are ordinarily suppressed.)-.7 E 2.5
(Af)5 G(ile system may be specif)-2.7 E(ied.)-.2 E
(The full report is in no useful order)108 230.64 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G
(nd probably should be sorted.)-2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 248.84 Q F0
(dcheck \(VIII\), icheck \(VIII\), sort \(I\))108 259.84 Q F1 -.08(BU)72
278.04 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(5-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(REST)72 58 Q -.834(OR \( VIII \))-.18
F 146.692(11/24/73 REST)149.192 F -.834(OR \( VIII \))-.18 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(restor)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(incremental f)2.5 E(ile system restore)-.2 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 163.4 S(stor).18
E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(y[a)-.05 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments ]).18 E F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Restor)108 192.6 Q F0
.004(is used to read magtapes dumped with the)2.503 F F4(dump)2.504 E F0
2.504(command. The)2.504 F F4 -.1(ke)2.504 G(y)-.2 E F0(ar)2.504 E .004
(gument specif)-.18 F .004(ies what is to be)-.2 F(done.)108 203.6 Q F4
-2.1 -.35(Ke y)5 H F0(is a character from the set)2.85 E F3(trxw)2.5 E
(.)-.7 E(t)118 219.64 Q F0 .117(The date that the tape w)11.67 F .116
(as made and the date that w)-.1 F .116(as specif)-.1 F .116(ied in the)
-.2 F F4(dump)2.616 E F0 .116(command are printed.)2.616 F(A)5.116 E
(list of all of the i-numbers on the tape is also gi)133 230.64 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(n.).15 E F3(r)118 246.68 Q F0 1.293
(The tape is read and loaded into the f)10.56 F 1.293(ile system specif)
-.2 F 1.293(ied in)-.2 F F4(ar)3.793 E(guments.)-.37 E F0 1.293
(This should not be done)6.293 F(lightly \(see belo)133 257.68 Q(w\).)
-.25 E F3(x)118 273.72 Q F0 .664(Each f)10 F .664
(ile on the tape is indi)-.2 F .664(vidually e)-.25 F .664
(xtracted into a f)-.15 F .664(ile whose name is the f)-.2 F(ile')-.2 E
3.164(si)-.55 G(-number)-3.164 E 5.663(.I)-.55 G 3.163(ft)-5.663 G(here)
-3.163 E(are)133 284.72 Q F4(ar)2.5 E(guments,)-.37 E F0(the)2.5 E 2.5
(ya)-.15 G(re interpreted as i-numbers and only the)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(re e)-2.5 E(xtracted.)-.15 E F3(c)118 300.76 Q F0 .415(If the tape o)
10.56 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rflo).15 E .416
(ws, increment the last character of its name and continue on that dri)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.416(.\().15 G(Normally)-5.416 E
(it asks you to change tapes.\))133 311.76 Q F3(f)118 327.8 Q F0
(Read the dump from the ne)11.67 E(xt ar)-.15 E(gument f)-.18 E
(ile instead of the tape.)-.2 E F3(i)118 343.84 Q F0
(All read and checksum errors are reported, b)12.22 E
(ut will not cause termination.)-.2 E F3(w)118 359.88 Q F0 .77
(In conjunction with the)7.78 F F3(x)3.27 E F0 .77
(option, before each f)3.27 F .769(ile is e)-.2 F .769
(xtracted, its i-number is typed out.)-.15 F 2.369 -.8(To e)5.769 H
(xtract).65 E(this f)133 370.88 Q(ile, you must respond with)-.2 E F3
-.7(y.)2.5 G F0(The)108 386.92 Q F3(x)3.082 E F0 .583
(option is used to retrie)3.082 F .883 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(ndi).15 E .583
(vidual f)-.25 F 3.083(iles. If)-.2 F .583
(the i-number of the desired f)3.083 F .583(ile is not kno)-.2 F .583
(wn, it can be)-.25 F(disco)108 397.92 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .58
(red by follo).15 F .58(wing the f)-.25 F .579
(ile system directory search algorithm.)-.2 F .579(First retrie)5.579 F
.879 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4 -.45(ro)3.079 G(ot).45 E F0 .579
(directory whose)3.079 F .299(i-number is 1.)108 408.92 R .299
(List this f)5.299 F .299(ile with)-.2 F F4(ls)2.799 E F2(-)2.799 E F4
.699 -.2(fi 1)D(.).2 E F0 .3(This will gi)5.299 F .6 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .3
(ames and i-numbers of sub-directories.).15 F(Iterating,)5.3 E(an)108
419.92 Q 2.5(yf)-.15 G(ile may be retrie)-2.7 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(d.).15 E
(The)108 435.96 Q F3(r)3.019 E F0 .518(option should only be used to re\
store a complete dump tape onto a clear f)3.019 F .518
(ile system or to restore an)-.2 F(incremental dump tape onto this.)108
446.96 Q(Thus)5 E(/etc/mkfs /de)123 463 Q(v/rp0 40600)-.25 E
(restor r /de)123 474 Q(v/rp0)-.25 E .537
(is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump.)108 490.04 R(Another)
5.537 E F4 -.37(re)3.037 G(stor).37 E F0 .538
(can be done to get an incremental dump)3.037 F(in on top of this.)108
501.04 Q(A)108 517.08 Q F4(dump)2.5 E F0(follo)2.5 E(wed by a)-.25 E F4
(mkfs)2.5 E F0(and a)2.5 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(stor).37 E F0
(is used to change the size of a f)2.5 E(ile system.)-.2 E F1(FILES)72
535.28 Q F0(/de)108 546.28 Q(v/mt0)-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 564.48 Q F0
(ls \(I\), dump \(VIII\), mkfs \(VIII\), clri \(VIII\))108 575.48 Q F1
(DIA)72 593.68 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 .505(There are v)108 604.68 R .505
(arious diagnostics in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E .505
(ed with reading the tape and writing the disk.)-.15 F .505
(There are also diagnos-)5.505 F
(tics if the i-list or the free list of the f)108 615.68 Q
(ile system is not lar)-.2 E(ge enough to hold the dump.)-.18 E .291
(If the dump e)108 631.72 R .291(xtends o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.791
(rm).15 G .291(ore than one tape, it may ask you to change tapes.)-2.791
F .292(Reply with a ne)5.292 F .292(w-line when)-.25 F(the ne)108 642.72
Q(xt tape has been mounted.)-.15 E F1 -.08(BU)72 660.92 S(GS).08 E F0
.662(There is redundant information on the tape that could be used in c\
ase of tape reading problems.)108 671.92 R(Unfortu-)5.661 E(nately)108
682.92 Q(,)-.65 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(stor').37 E(s)-.4 E F0
(approach is to e)2.5 E(xit if an)-.15 E(ything is wrong.)-.15 E 2.5(-2)
295.17 767 S 2.5(6-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SA \( VIII \))72 58 R 177.072
(6/1/74 SA)179.572 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(sa)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(Shell accounting)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q F0
(sa [)108 163.4 Q F2(-)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(abcjlnrstuv)A F0 2.5
(][f)2.5 G(ile ])-2.7 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q F0 .223
(When a user logs in, if the Shell is able to open the f)108 192.6 R
(ile)-.2 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/usr/adm/sha,)2.724 E F0 .224
(then as each command completes the)2.724 F .244
(Shell writes at the end of this f)108 203.6 R .244
(ile the name of the command, the user)-.2 F 2.744(,s)-.4 G .244
(ystem, and real time consumed, and)-2.744 F .572(the user ID.)108 214.6
R F4(Sa)5.572 E F0 .572(reports on, cleans up, and generally maintains \
this and other accounting f)3.072 F 3.073(iles. T)-.2 F 3.073(ot)-.8 G
.573(urn ac-)-3.073 F(counting on and of)108 225.6 Q
(f, the accounting f)-.25 E(ile must be created or destro)-.2 E(yed e)
-.1 E(xternally)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F4(Sa)108 241.64 Q F0 .729
(is able to condense the information in)3.229 F F4(/usr/adm/sha)3.229 E
F0 .729(into a summary f)3.229 F(ile)-.2 E F4(/usr/adm/sht)3.228 E F0
.728(which contains a)3.228 F .345
(count of the number of times each command w)108 252.64 R .345
(as called and the time resources consumed.)-.1 F .345(This condensa-)
5.345 F .474(tion is desirable because on a lar)108 263.64 R .474
(ge system)-.18 F F4(sha)2.974 E F0 .474(can gro)2.974 F 2.973(wb)-.25 G
2.973(y1)-2.973 G .473(00 blocks per day)-2.973 F 5.473(.T)-.65 G .473
(he summary f)-5.473 F .473(ile is read)-.2 F(before the accounting f)
108 274.64 Q(ile, so the reports include all a)-.2 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable information.).25 E .202(If a f)108 290.68 R .202(ile name is gi)
-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.702(na).15 G 2.703(st)-2.702 G .203(he last ar)
-2.703 F .203(gument, that f)-.18 F .203
(ile will be treated as the accounting f)-.2 F(ile;)-.2 E F4(sha)2.703 E
F0 .203(is the def)2.703 F(ault.)-.1 E(There are zillions of options:)
108 301.68 Q F3(a)108 322.76 Q F0 .704(Place all command names containi\
ng unprintable characters and those used only once under the name)10 F
-.74(``)123 333.76 S(***other).74 E -.7(.')-.55 G(')-.04 E F3(b)108
349.8 Q F0 .396(Sort output by sum of user and system time di)9.44 F
.397(vided by number of calls.)-.25 F(Def)5.397 E .397
(ault sort is by sum of user)-.1 F(and system times.)123 360.8 Q F3(c)
108 376.84 Q F0 .343(Besides total user)10.56 F 2.843(,s)-.4 G .343
(ystem, and real time for each command print percentage of total time o)
-2.843 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.843(ra).15 G .342(ll com-)-2.843 F(mands.)123
387.84 Q F3(j)108 403.88 Q F0
(Instead of total minutes time for each cate)11.67 E(gory)-.15 E 2.5(,g)
-.65 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H(seconds per call.)2.75 E F3(l)108 419.92 Q
F0(Separate system and user time; normally the)12.22 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(re combined.)-2.5 E F3(n)108 435.96 Q F0(Sort by number of calls.)9.44
E F3(r)108 452 Q F0(Re)10.56 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse order of sort.).15 E
F3(s)108 468.04 Q F0(Mer)11.11 E(ge accounting f)-.18 E
(ile into summary f)-.2 E(ile)-.2 E F4(/usr/adm/sht)2.5 E F0(when done.)
2.5 E F3(t)108 484.08 Q F0 -.15(Fo)11.67 G 2.5(re).15 G(ach command rep\
ort ratio of real time to the sum of user and system times.)-2.5 E F3(u)
108 500.12 Q F0 .195(Superseding all other flags, print for each comman\
d in the accounting f)9.44 F .195(ile the day of the year)-.2 F 2.695
(,t)-.4 G .195(ime, day)-2.695 F(of the week, user ID and command name.)
123 511.12 Q F3(v)108 527.16 Q F0 .591(If the ne)10 F .591
(xt character is a digit)-.15 F F4(n,)3.091 E F0 .59
(then type the name of each command used)3.091 F F4(n)3.09 E F0 .59
(times or fe)3.09 F(wer)-.25 E 5.59(.A)-.55 G -.1(wa)-6.51 G .59(it a).1
F .303(reply from the type)123 538.16 R .303(writer; if it be)-.25 F
.303(gins with `)-.15 F(`y')-.74 E .304(', add the command to the cate)
-.74 F .304(gory `)-.15 F(`**junk**.)-.74 E 4.284 -.74('' T)-.7 H .304
(his is).74 F(used to strip out g)123 549.16 Q(arbage.)-.05 E F1(FILES)
72 567.36 Q F0 18.39(/usr/adm/sha accounting)108 578.36 R 20.05
(/usr/adm/sht summary)108 589.36 R F1(SEE ALSO)72 607.56 Q F0
(ac \(VIII\))108 618.56 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 636.76 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-2)
295.17 767 S 2.5(7-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SU \( VIII \))72 58 R 172.072
(10/31/73 SU)174.572 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(su)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(become pri)5 E(vile)-.25 E(ged user)-.15 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(su)108 163.4 Q F1
(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Su)108 192.6 Q F0(allo)
3.372 E .872(ws one to become the super)-.25 F(-user)-.2 E 3.372(,w)-.4
G .872(ho has all sorts of marv)-3.372 F .872
(elous \(and correspondingly dangerous\))-.15 F(po)108 203.6 Q 2.58
(wers. In)-.25 F .08(order for)2.58 F F4(su)2.58 E F0 .08
(to do its magic, the user must supply a passw)2.58 F 2.58(ord. If)-.1 F
.08(the passw)2.58 F .08(ord is correct,)-.1 F F4(su)2.58 E F0(will)2.58
E -.15(exe)108 214.6 S .199
(cute the Shell with the UID set to that of the super).15 F(-user)-.2 E
5.199(.T)-.55 G 2.699(or)-5.999 G .199(estore normal UID pri)-2.699 F
(vile)-.25 E .199(ges, type an end-)-.15 F(of-f)108 225.6 Q
(ile to the super)-.2 E(-user Shell.)-.2 E(The passw)108 241.64 Q
(ord demanded is that of the entry `)-.1 E(`root')-.74 E 2.5('i)-.74 G
2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he system')-2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(assw)-2.5 E(ord f)-.1 E
(ile.)-.2 E 1.6 -.8(To r)108 257.68 T(emind the super).8 E(-user of his\
 responsibilities, the Shell substitutes `#' for its usual prompt `%'.)
-.2 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 275.88 Q F0(sh \(I\))108 286.88 Q 2.5(-2)295.17 767
S 2.5(8-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(SYNC \( VIII \))72 58 R 160.682
(11/1/73 SYNC)163.182 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(sync)108 134.2 Q/F2 10
/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(update the super block)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4
Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sync)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Sync)108 192.6 Q F0 -.15(exe)3.152 G .652(cutes the)
.15 F F4(sync)3.152 E F0 .652(system primiti)3.152 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.652(.I).15 G 3.152(ft)-5.652 G .653(he system is to be stopped,)-3.152
F F4(sync)3.153 E F0 .653(must be called to insure f)3.153 F(ile)-.2 E
(system inte)108 203.6 Q(grity)-.15 E 5(.S)-.65 G
(ee sync \(II\) for details.)-5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 221.8 Q F0(sync \(II\))
108 232.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 251 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-2)295.17 767 S 2.5(9-)
-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -.834(UMOUNT \( VIII \))72 58 R
140.972(10/31/73 UMOUNT)143.472 F 1.666(\(V)1.666 G -.834(III \))-1.666
F/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(umount)108 134.2 Q
/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0(dismount f)2.5 E(ile system)-.2 E F1
(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/umount)108 163.4 Q F0
(special)2.5 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Umount)
108 192.6 Q F0 .41(announces to the system that the remo)2.91 F -.25(va)
-.15 G .41(ble f).25 F .41(ile system pre)-.2 F .41
(viously mounted on special f)-.25 F(ile)-.2 E F4(special)2.91 E F0
(is to be remo)108 203.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 221.8
Q F0(mount \(VIII\), umount \(II\), mtab \(V\))108 232.8 Q F1(FILES)72
251 Q F0 32.28(/etc/mtab mounted)108 262 R(de)2.5 E(vice table)-.25 E F1
(DIA)72 280.2 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 .199(It complains if the special f)
108 291.2 R .199(ile is not mounted or if it is b)-.2 F(usy)-.2 E 5.2
(.T)-.65 G .2(he f)-5.2 F .2(ile system is b)-.2 F .2
(usy if there is an open f)-.2 F(ile)-.2 E
(on it or if someone has his current directory there.)108 302.2 Q F1
-.08(BU)72 320.4 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-3)295.17 767 S 2.5(0-)-2.5 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q(UPD)72 58 Q -1.11(AT)-.4 G 1.666(E\(V)
1.11 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F 149.422(11/1/73 UPD)151.922 F -1.11(AT)-.4
G 1.666(E\(V)1.11 G -.834(III \))-1.666 F/F1 8/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)
72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0(update)108 134.2 Q/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)2.5 E F0
(periodically update the super block)2.5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(update)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Update)108 192.6 Q F0 .434(is a program that e)2.934
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .434(cutes the).15 F F4(sync)2.933 E F0(primiti)2.933 E
.733 -.15(ve e)-.25 H -.15(ve)-.1 G .433(ry 30 seconds.).15 F .433
(This insures that the f)5.433 F .433(ile system is)-.2 F -.1(fa)108
203.6 S .366(irly up to date in case of a crash.).1 F .366
(This command should not be e)5.366 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .367
(cuted directly).15 F 2.867(,b)-.65 G .367(ut should be e)-3.067 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(out of the initialization shell command f)108
214.6 Q 2.5(ile. See)-.2 F(sync \(II\) for details.)2.5 E F1(SEE ALSO)72
232.8 Q F0(sync \(II\), init \(VIII\))108 243.8 Q F1 -.08(BU)72 262 S
(GS).08 E F0 -.4(Wi)108 273 S(th).4 E F4(update)2.898 E F0 .398
(running, if the CPU is halted just as the)2.898 F F4(sync)2.897 E F0
.397(is e)2.897 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .397(cuted, a f).15 F .397
(ile system can be damaged.)-.2 F(This)5.397 E .841
(is partially due to DEC hardw)108 284 R .841
(are that writes zeros when NPR requests f)-.1 F 3.341(ail. A)-.1 F -.2
(fi)3.341 G 3.341(xw).2 G .841(ould be to ha)-3.441 F -.15(ve)-.2 G F4
(sync)3.492 E F0 1.684(temporarily increment the system time by at leas\
t 30 seconds to trigger the e)108 295 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cution of)
.15 F F4(update)4.183 E(.)-.15 E F0(This)6.683 E -.1(wo)108 306 S
(uld gi).1 E .3 -.15(ve 3)-.25 H 2.5(0s).15 G
(econds grace to halt the CPU.)-2.5 E 2.5(-3)295.17 767 S 2.5(1-)-2.5 G
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)72 11 Q -1.2(WA)72 58 S -.834(LL \( VIII \))
1.2 F 159.672(4/10/75 W)162.172 F -.834(ALL \( VIII \))-1.2 F/F1 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.16(NA)72 123.2 S(ME).16 E F0 -.1(wa)108 134.2 S(ll).1
E/F2 10/Symbol SF(-)5 E F0(write to all users)5 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 152.4 Q
/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/etc/wall)108 163.4 Q F1(DESCRIPTION)72 181.6 Q
/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.92(Wa)108 192.6 S(ll).92 E F0 .299
(reads its standard input until an end-of-f)2.799 F 2.799(ile. It)-.2 F
.3(then sends this message to all currently logged in users)2.799 F .318
(preceded by `)108 203.6 R .318(`Broadcast Message ...)-.74 F -.74('')
-.7 G 5.317(.I).74 G 2.817(ti)-5.317 G 2.817(su)-2.817 G .317(sed to w)
-2.817 F .317(arn all users, typically prior to shutting do)-.1 F .317
(wn the sys-)-.25 F(tem.)108 214.6 Q(The sender should be super)108
230.64 Q(-user to o)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rride an).15 E 2.5(yp)-.15 G
(rotections the users may ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.2 H -1.9 -.4(nv o).15
H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(FILES)72 248.84 Q F0(/de)108 259.84 Q(v/tty?)
-.25 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 278.04 Q F0(mesg \(I\), write \(I\))108 289.04 Q
F1(DIA)72 307.24 Q(GNOSTICS)-.44 E F0 -.74(``)108 318.24 S
(Cannot send to ...).74 E 1.48 -.74('' w)-.7 H(hen the open on a user')
.74 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(ty f)-2.5 E(ile f)-.2 E(ails.)-.1 E F1 -.08(BU)72
336.44 S(GS).08 E F0 2.5(-3)295.17 767 S 2.5(2-)-2.5 G EP
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