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ashow}bind def /P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /Q{moveto show}bind def /R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def /T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /SF{ findfont exch [exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /MF{ findfont [5 2 roll 0 3 1 roll neg 0 0]makefont dup setfont [exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def }bind def /level0 0 def /RES 0 def /PL 0 def /LS 0 def /MANUAL{ statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end }bind def /PLG{ gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore exch pop add exch pop }bind def /BP{ /level0 save def 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin 72 RES div dup scale LS{ 90 rotate }{ 0 PL translate }ifelse 1 -1 scale }bind def /EP{ level0 restore showpage }bind def /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def /SN{ transform .25 sub exch .25 sub exch round .25 add exch round .25 add exch itransform }bind def /DL{ SN moveto SN lineto stroke }bind def /DC{ newpath 0 360 arc 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Documents)72 196.8 R (with the follo)2.5 E(wing titles:)-.25 E (Setting Up UNIX \255 Sixth Edition)133 214.8 Q(The UNIX T)133 226.8 Q (ime-Sharing System)-.35 E 2.5(CR)133 238.8 S(eference Manual)-2.5 E (Programming in C \255 A T)133 250.8 Q(utorial)-.45 E (UNIX Assembler Reference Manual)133 262.8 Q 2.5(AT)133 274.8 S (utorial Introduction to the ED T)-2.95 E -.15(ex)-.7 G 2.5(tE).15 G (ditor)-2.5 E(UNIX for Be)133 286.8 Q(ginners)-.15 E(RA)133 298.8 Q (TFOR \255 A Preprocessor for a Rational F)-1.11 E(ortran)-.15 E -.5 -1.2(YA C)133 310.8 T 2.5(C\255Y)1.2 G(et Another Compiler)-3.5 E (-Compiler)-.2 E(NR)133 322.8 Q(OFF Users' Manual)-.4 E (The UNIX I/O System)133 334.8 Q 2.5(AM)133 346.8 S (anual for the Tmg Compiler)-2.5 E(-writing Language)-.2 E (On the Security of UNIX)133 358.8 Q(The M6 Macro Processor)133 370.8 Q 2.5(AS)133 382.8 S(ystem for T)-2.5 E(ypesetting Mathematics)-.8 E (DC \255 An Interacti)133 394.8 Q .3 -.15(ve D)-.25 H(esk Calculator).15 E(BC \255 An Arbitrary Precision Desk-Calculator Language)133 406.8 Q (The Portable C)133 418.8 Q(Library \(on UNIX\))5 E(UNIX Summary)133 430.8 Q 15(3. The)72 452.4 R(UNIX softw)2.5 E (are on magtape or disk pack.)-.1 E .568 (If you are set up to do it, it might be a good idea immediately to mak) 97 468 R 3.068(eac)-.1 G(op)-3.068 E 3.068(yo)-.1 G 3.068(ft)-3.068 G .568(he disk or tape to)-3.068 F .668(guard ag)72 480 R .668 (ainst disaster)-.05 F 5.668(.T)-.55 G .668 (he tape contains 12100 512-byte records follo)-5.668 F .668 (wed by a single \214le mark; only the)-.25 F (\214rst 4000 512-byte blocks on the disk are signi\214cant.)72 492 Q .1 (The system as distrib)97 507.6 R .1(uted corresponds to three f)-.2 F .1(airly full RK packs.)-.1 F .1(The \214rst contains the binary v)5.1 F (er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E 1.743(sion of all programs, and the source for the o\ perating system itself; the second contains all remaining)72 519.6 R .876(source programs; the third contains manuals intended to be printed\ using the formatting programs rof)72 531.6 R 3.376(fo)-.25 G(r)-3.376 E (nrof)72 543.6 Q 3.399(f. The)-.25 F .899 (`binary' disk is enough to run the system, b)3.399 F .9 (ut you will almost certainly w)-.2 F .9(ant to modify some)-.1 F (source programs.)72 555.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Making a Disk Fr)72 579.6 Q(om T)-.18 E(ape)-.92 E F0 .201 (If your system is on magtape, perform the follo)97 595.2 R .2 (wing bootstrap procedure to obtain a disk with the bi-)-.25 F(naries.) 72 607.2 Q 15(1. Mount)72 622.8 R(magtape on dri)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve 0 a) -.25 H 2.5(tl).15 G(oad point.)-2.5 E 15(2. Mount)72 638.4 R (formatted disk pack on dri)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve 0)-.25 H(.).15 E 15(3. K)72 654 R .3 -.15(ey i)-.25 H 2.5(na).15 G(nd e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute at 100000).15 E EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893289>278 60 S 74.17(TU10 TU16)113 108 R 67.5(012700 \(to)108 120 R(be added\))2.5 E(172526)108 132 Q (010040)108 144 Q(012740)108 156 Q(060003)108 168 Q(000777)108 180 Q 1.075(The tape should mo)97 201.6 R 1.375 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 1.075 (nd the CPU loop.).15 F 1.075(\(The TU10 code is)6.075 F/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(not)3.575 E F0 1.075(the DEC b)3.575 F 1.076(ulk R) -.2 F 1.076(OM for tape; it)-.4 F(reads block 0, not block 1.\))97 213.6 Q 15(4. Halt)72 229.2 R(and restart the CPU at 0.)2.5 E (The tape should re)5 E 2.5(wind. The)-.25 F(console should type `='.) 2.5 E 15(5. Cop)72 244.8 R 2.585(yt)-.1 G .085 (he magtape to disk by the follo)-2.585 F 2.585(wing. This)-.25 F .085 (assumes TU10 and RK05; see 6 belo)2.585 F 2.585(wf)-.25 G .085 (or other de-)-2.585 F 2.713(vices. The)97 256.8 R(machine')2.713 E 2.713(sp)-.55 G .213(rintouts are sho)-2.713 F .213 (wn in italic \(the `=' signs should be considered italic\).)-.25 F -.7 (Te)5.214 G(rmi-).7 E (nate each line you type by carriage return or line-feed.)97 268.8 Q 2.5 (=t)133 286.8 S(mrk)-2.5 E F1(disk of)133 298.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0(0)133 310.8 Q F1(tape of)133 322.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 7.5(100 \(See)133 334.8 R 2.5(6b)2.5 G(elo)-2.5 E(w\))-.25 E F1(count)133 346.8 Q F0 20(1\()133 358.8 S(The tape should mo)-20 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E 2.5(=t)133 370.8 S(mrk)-2.5 E F1(disk of)133 382.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0(1)133 394.8 Q F1(tape of)133 406.8 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 7.5(101 \(See)133 418.8 R 2.5(7b) 2.5 G(elo)-2.5 E(w\))-.25 E F1(count)133 430.8 Q F0 2.5(3999 \(The)133 442.8 R(tape mo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(sl).15 G(ots more\))-2.5 E(=) 133 454.8 Q 1.618 -.8(To e)97 472.8 T .018(xplain: the).65 F F1(tmrk) 2.518 E F0 .017(program copies tape to disk with the gi)2.518 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.517(no).15 G -.25(ff)-2.517 G .017(sets and counts.).25 F .017 (Its \214rst use copies)5.017 F 3.198(ab)97 484.8 S .698(ootstrap progr\ am to disk block 0; the second use copies the \214le system itself onto\ the disk.)-3.198 F -1.1(Yo)5.699 G(u)1.1 E(may get back to `=' le)97 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lb).15 G 2.5(ys)-2.5 G(tarting at 137000.) -2.5 E 15(6. If)72 512.4 R .404(you ha)2.904 F .704 -.15(ve T)-.2 H .404 (U16 tape say `htrk' instead of `tmrk' in the abo).15 F .704 -.15(ve ex) -.15 H 2.903(ample. If).15 F .403(you ha)2.903 F .703 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.903(nR).15 G .403(P03 disk,)-2.903 F .193 (say `tmrp' or `htrp', and use a 99 instead of 100 tape of)97 524.4 R 2.693(fset. If)-.25 F .194(you ha)2.693 F .494 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.694(nR) .15 G .194(P04 disk, use `tmhp' or)-2.694 F .395 (`hthp' instead or `tmrk', and use a 98 instead of 100 tape of)97 536.4 R 2.895(fset. The)-.25 F(dif)2.895 E .395(ferent of)-.25 F .395 (fsets load bootstrap)-.25 F(programs appropriate to the disk the)97 548.4 Q 2.5(yw)-.15 G(ill li)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H(n.).15 E 15 (7. This)72 564 R .677(procedure generates the `binary' disk; the `sour\ ce' disk may be generated on another RK pack)3.177 F .544 (by using a tape of)97 576 R .544(fset of 4101 instead of 101.)-.25 F .544(The `document' disk is at of)5.544 F .543 (fset 8101 instead of 101.)-.25 F .268(Unless you ha)97 588 R .568 -.15 (ve o)-.2 H .268(nly a single RK dri).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.768(,i).15 G 2.768(ti)-2.768 G 2.768(sp)-2.768 G .268(robably wise to w)-2.768 F .269 (ait on generating these disks.)-.1 F(Better)5.269 E(tools are a)97 600 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable using UNIX itself.).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (Booting UNIX)72 624 Q F0 .253 (Once the UNIX `binary' disk is obtained, the system is booted by k)97 639.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .253(ing in and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .252 (cuting one of the).15 F(follo)72 651.6 Q .906(wing programs at 100000.) -.25 F .907(These programs correspond to the DEC b)5.906 F .907(ulk R) -.2 F .907(OMs for disks, since the)-.4 F(y)-.15 E(read in and e)72 663.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute block 0 at location 0.).15 E EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893389>278 60 S 48.61(RK05 RP03)113 108 R(RP04)52.77 E 42.5(012700 012700 \(to)108 120 R(be added\))2.5 E 42.5(177414 176726)108 132 R 42.5(005040 005040)108 144 R 42.5 (005040 005040)108 156 R 42.5(010040 005040)108 168 R 42.5 (012740 010040)108 180 R 42.5(000005 012740)108 192 R 42.5 (105710 000005)108 204 R 42.5(002376 105710)108 216 R 42.5 (005007 002376)108 228 R(005007)183 240 Q(No)72 258 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G (ollo)-2.5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G (he indicated dialog, where `@' and `#' are prompts:)-2.5 E 2.5(@r)108 276 S 34.68(kunix \(or)-2.5 F(`rpunix' or `hpunix'\))2.5 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(mem = xxx)108 288 Q(lo)108 300 Q(gin:)-.1 E F0(root)5 E F1(#)108 312 Q F0(The)72 330 Q F1(mem)3.07 E F0 .57(message gi)3.07 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.07(st).15 G .57(he memory a)-3.07 F -.25(va)-.2 G .57 (ilable to user programs in .1K units.).25 F .57(Most of the UNIX softw) 5.57 F(are)-.1 E(will run with 120 \(for 12K w)72 342 Q(ords\), b)-.1 E (ut some things require much more.)-.2 E .641(UNIX is no)97 357.6 R 3.141(wr)-.25 G .641(unning, and the `UNIX Programmer')-3.141 F 3.141 (sm)-.55 G .642(anual' applies; references belo)-3.141 F 3.142(wo)-.25 G 3.142(ft)-3.142 G .642(he form)-3.142 F .062 (X-Y mean the subsection named X in section Y of the manual.)72 369.6 R .061(The `#' is the prompt from the UNIX Shell,)5.061 F .265 (and indicates you are logged in as the super)72 381.6 R(-user)-.2 E 5.265(.T)-.55 G .265(he only v)-5.265 F .265 (alid user names are `root' and `bin'.)-.25 F .266(The root)5.266 F (is the super)72 393.6 Q(-user and bin is the o)-.2 E(wner of nearly e) -.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry \214le in the \214le system.).15 E .83 (Before UNIX is turned up completely)97 409.2 R 3.33(,af)-.65 G 1.33 -.25(ew c)-3.33 H .83(on\214guration dependent e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .83(rcises must be performed.).15 F .921(At this point, it w)72 421.2 R .922(ould be wise to read all of the manuals and to augment this readin\ g with hand to hand)-.1 F 2.5(combat. It)72 433.2 R(might be instructi) 2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(oe).15 G (xamine the Shell run \214les mentioned belo)-2.65 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Recon\214guration)72 457.2 Q F0 .568 (The UNIX system running is con\214gured to run on an 11/40 with the gi) 97 472.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.068(nd).15 G .568(isk, TU10 magtape and) -3.068 F 1.157(TU56 DECtape.)72 484.8 R 1.158 (This is almost certainly not the correct con\214guration.)6.157 F 1.158 (Print \(cat-I\) the \214le /usr/sys/run.)6.158 F .526(This \214le is a\ set of Shell commands that will completely recompile the system source\ , install it in the cor)72 496.8 R(-)-.2 E(rect libraries and b)72 508.8 Q(uild the three con\214gurations for rk, rp and hp.)-.2 E 1.287(Using \ the Shell \214le as a guide, compile \(cc-I\) and rename \(mv-I\) the c\ on\214guration program `mk-)97 524.4 R -1.95(conf '.)72 536.4 R 1.345(R\ un the con\214guration program and type into it a list of the controlle\ rs on your system.)6.346 F(Choose)6.345 E(from:)72 548.4 Q EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893489>278 60 S 13.06(pc \(PC11\)) 108 108 R 14.72(lp \(LP11\))108 120 R 15.84(rf \(RS11\))108 132 R 13.61 (hs \(RS03/RS04\))108 144 R 15.28(tc \(TU56\))108 156 R 14.17 (rk \(RK03/RK05\))108 168 R 11.94(tm \(TU10\))108 180 R 14.17 (rp \(RP03\))108 192 R 12.5(hp \(RP04\))108 204 R 14.72(ht \(TU16\))108 216 R 8.06(dc* \(DC11\))108 228 R 9.72(kl* \(KL11/DL11-ABC\))108 240 R 9.72(dl* \(DL11-E\))108 252 R 12.5(dp \(DP11\))108 264 R 12.5 (dn \(DN11\))108 276 R 12.5(dh \(DH11\))108 288 R -.28(dhdm \(DM11-BB\)) 108 300 R .095(The de)72 318 R .095(vices mark)-.25 F .095 (ed with * should be preceded by a number specifying ho)-.1 F 2.595(wm) -.25 G(an)-2.595 E 3.895 -.65(y. \()-.15 H .095(The console type).65 F (writer)-.25 E .169(is automatically included; don')72 330 R 2.669(tc) -.18 G .169(ount it in the kl speci\214cation.\))-2.669 F .169 (Mkconf will generate the tw)5.169 F 2.668<6f8c>-.1 G .168 (les l.s \(trap)-2.668 F -.15(ve)72 342 S .724 (ctors\) and c.c \(con\214guration table\).).15 F -.8(Ta)5.724 G .925 -.1(ke a c).8 H .725(areful look at l.s to mak).1 F 3.225(es)-.1 G .725 (ure that all the de)-3.225 F .725(vices that you)-.25 F(ha)72 354 Q .744 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .444(re assembled in the correct interrupt v).15 F 2.944(ectors. If)-.15 F .444 (your con\214guration is non-standard, you will ha)2.944 F .743 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H(o).15 E(modify l.s to \214t your con\214guration.)72 366 Q .078(In the run Shell \214le, the 11/45 code is commented out.)97 381.6 R .078(If you ha)5.078 F .378 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.578(n1).15 G .078 (1/45 you must also edit \(ed-I\))-2.578 F .131(the \214le /usr/sys/con\ f/m45.s to set the assembly \215ag fpp to re\215ect if you ha)72 393.6 R .43 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .13(he FP11-B \215oating point unit.).15 F 1.427 (The main dif)72 405.6 R 1.427(ference between an 11/40 and an 11/45 \(\ or 11/70\) system is that in the former instruction)-.25 F 1.6 (restart after a se)72 417.6 R 1.6(gmentation violation caused by o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 1.599 (wing a user stack must be handled by softw)-.25 F(are,)-.1 E .504 (while in the latter machines there is hardw)72 429.6 R .504(are help.) -.1 F .504(As mentioned abo)5.504 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.004(,t).15 G .504 (he 11/45 and 11/70 systems in-)-3.004 F 1.178 (clude conditionally-enabled code to sa)72 441.6 R 1.478 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.178(he status of the \215oating point unit when switching users.).15 F (The)6.178 E(source for such things is in one of the tw)72 453.6 Q 2.5 <6f8c>-.1 G(les m40.s and m45.s.)-2.5 E .877(Another dif)97 469.2 R .877 (ference is that in 11/45 and 11/70 systems the instruction and data sp\ aces are separated)-.25 F .323(inside UNIX itself.)72 481.2 R .322 (Since the layout of addresses in the system is some)5.323 F .322 (what peculiar)-.25 F 2.822(,a)-.4 G .322(nd not directly sup-)-2.822 F (ported by the link-editor)72 493.2 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ld,)2.5 E F0(the)2.5 E F1(sys\214x)2.5 E F0 (program has to be run before the loaded output \214le can be booted.) 2.5 E 1.176(There are certain magic numbers and con\214guration paramet\ ers imbedded in v)97 508.8 R 1.176(arious de)-.25 F 1.176(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(rs).15 E .443(that you may w)72 520.8 R .442 (ant to change.)-.1 F .442(The de)5.442 F .442 (vice addresses of each de)-.25 F .442(vice are de\214ned in each dri) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.042 -.55(r. I).15 H 2.942(nc).55 G .442(ase you) -2.942 F(ha)72 532.8 Q .72 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .72 -.15(ny n).15 H .42 (on-standard de).15 F .42 (vice addresses, just change the address and recompile.)-.25 F .42 (\(The de)5.42 F .42(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .42(rs are in).15 F (the directory /usr/sys/dmr)72 544.8 Q(.\))-.55 E(The DC11 dri)97 560.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ri).15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(et to run 14 lines.)-2.5 E (This can be changed in dc.c.)5 E .411(The DH11 dri)97 576 R -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.911(rw).15 G .411 (ill only handle a single DH with a full complement of 16 lines.)-2.911 F .41(If you ha)5.41 F .71 -.15(ve l)-.2 H(ess,).15 E(you may w)72 588 Q (ant to edit dh.c.)-.1 E(The DN11 dri)97 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rw) .15 G(ill handle 3 DN')-2.5 E 2.5(s. Edit)-.55 F(dn.c.)2.5 E (The DP11 dri)97 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15 G (an only handle a single DP)-2.5 E 5(.T)-1.11 G (his cannot be easily changed.)-5 E .946(The KL/DL dri)97 634.8 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.446(ri).15 G 3.446(ss)-3.446 G .946 (et up to run a single DL11-A, -B, or -C \(the console\) and no DL11-E') -3.446 F 3.447(s. T)-.55 F(o)-.8 E 1.172(change this, edit kl.c to ha)72 646.8 R 1.471 -.15(ve N)-.2 H 1.171 (KL11 re\215ect the total number of DL11-ABC').15 F 3.671(sa)-.55 G 1.171(nd NDL11 to re\215ect the)-3.671 F .248(number of DL11-E')72 658.8 R 2.748(s. So)-.55 F -.1(fa)2.749 G 2.749(ra).1 G 2.749(st)-2.749 G .249 (he dri)-2.749 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.749(ri).15 G 2.749(sc)-2.749 G .249 (oncerned, the dif)-2.749 F .249(ference between the de)-.25 F .249 (vices is their address-)-.25 F(es.)72 670.8 Q .759 (The line printer dri)97 686.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.259(ri).15 G 3.259(ss) -3.259 G .758(et up to print the 96 character set on 80 column paper \(\ LP11-H\) with in-)-3.259 F 2.5(denting. Edit)72 698.4 R(lp.c.)2.5 E EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893589>278 60 S .719 (All of the disk and tape dri)97 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .72(rs \(rf.c, rk\ .c, rp.c, tm.c, tc.c, hs.c, hp.c, ht.c\) are set up to run 8 dri).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E .134(and should not need to be changed.)72 120 R .134(The big disk dri)5.134 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .134 (rs \(rp.c and hp.c\) ha).15 F .433 -.15(ve p)-.2 H .133 (artition tables in them which).15 F(you may w)72 132 Q(ant to e)-.1 E (xperiment with.)-.15 E 2.125(After all the corrections ha)97 147.6 R 2.425 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 2.125 (een made, use /usr/sys/run as a guide to recompile the changed).15 F (dri)72 159.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .406 (rs, install them in /usr/sys/lib2 and to assemble the trap v).15 F .405 (ectors \(l.s\), con\214guration table \(c.c\) and ma-)-.15 F .404 (chine language assist \(m40.s or m45.s\).)72 171.6 R .404 (After all this, link edit the objects \(ld-I\) and if you ha)5.404 F .705 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.905(n1).15 G(1/45,)-2.905 E .805 (sys\214x the result.)72 183.6 R .805(The \214nal object \214le \(a.out\ \) should be renamed /unix and booted.)5.805 F .805 (See Boot Procedures-)5.805 F .135(VIII for a discussion of booting.)72 195.6 R .135(\(Note: remember)5.135 F 2.635(,b)-.4 G .135 (efore booting, al)-2.635 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .135 (ys perform a sync-VIII to force de-).1 F(layed output to the disk.\))72 207.6 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Special Files)72 231.6 Q F0(Ne)97 247.2 Q .258(xt you must put in all of the special \214les in the directory /de) -.15 F 2.758(vu)-.25 G .258(sing mknod-VIII.)-2.758 F .258 (Print the con\214g-)5.258 F .776(uration \214le c.c created abo)72 259.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.776(.T).15 G .776(his is the major de)-5.776 F .777(vice switch of each de)-.25 F .777 (vice class \(block and character\).)-.25 F .589 (There is one line for each de)72 271.2 R .589(vice con\214gured in you\ r system and a null line for place holding for those de-)-.25 F 1.116 (vices not con\214gured.)72 283.2 R 1.117(The block special de)6.117 F 1.117(vices are put in \214rst by e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.117 (cuting the follo).15 F 1.117(wing generic com-)-.25 F .464 (mand for each disk or tape dri)72 295.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.464(.\().15 G .464(Note that some of these \214les already e)-5.464 F .463 (xist in the directory /de)-.15 F 4.263 -.65(v. E)-.25 H(xam-).65 E(ine\ each \214le with ls-I with \255l \215ag to see if the \214le should be\ remo)72 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.\)).15 E(/etc/mknod /de)133 325.2 Q (v/N)-.25 E(AME b MAJOR MINOR)-.35 E(The N)72 343.2 Q (AME is selected from the follo)-.35 E(wing list:)-.25 E 11.12(c.c N)108 361.2 R 18.41(AME de)-.35 F(vice)-.25 E 15.84(rf rf0)108 373.2 R (RS \214x)13.34 E(ed head disk)-.15 E 15.28(tc tap0)108 385.2 R (TU56 DECtape)7.78 E 14.17(rk rk0)108 397.2 R(RK03 RK05 mo)11.67 E (ving head disk)-.15 E 11.94(tm mt0)108 409.2 R(TU10 TU16 magtape)9.44 E 14.17(rp rp0)108 421.2 R(RP mo)11.67 E(ving head disk)-.15 E 13.61 (hs hs0)108 433.2 R(RS03 RS04 \214x)11.11 E(ed head disk)-.15 E 12.5 (hp hp0)108 445.2 R(RP04 mo)10 E(ving head disk)-.15 E .73(The major de) 72 463.2 R .73(vice number is selected by counting the line number \(fr\ om zero\) of the de)-.25 F(vice')-.25 E 3.23(se)-.55 G .73(ntry in the) -3.23 F(block con\214guration table.)72 475.2 Q (Thus the \214rst entry in the table bde)5 E(vsw w)-.25 E (ould be major de)-.1 E(vice zero.)-.25 E .102(The minor de)97 490.8 R .101(vice is the dri)-.25 F .401 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.601(,u) -.4 G .101(nit number or partition as described under each de)-2.601 F .101(vice in sec-)-.25 F .482(tion IV)72 502.8 R 5.482(.T)-1.29 G .482 (he last digit of the name \(all gi)-5.482 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.982(na).15 G 2.982(s0i)-2.982 G 2.982(nt)-2.982 G .483(he table abo)-2.982 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.983(\)s).15 G .483(hould re\215ect the minor de)-2.983 F .483(vice num-)-.25 F(ber)72 514.8 Q 5(.F)-.55 G(or tapes where the uni\ t is dial selectable, a special \214le may be made for each possible se\ lection.)-5.15 E .66(The same goes for the character de)97 530.4 R 3.16 (vices. Here)-.25 F .66(the names are arbitrary e)3.16 F .66 (xcept that de)-.15 F .66(vices meant to)-.25 F .522 (be used for teletype access should be named /de)72 542.4 R .522 (v/ttyX, where X is an)-.25 F 3.023(yc)-.15 G(haracter)-3.023 E 5.523 (.T)-.55 G .523(he \214les tty8 \(console\),)-5.523 F (mem, kmem, null are already correctly con\214gured.)72 554.4 Q .387 (The disk and magtape dri)97 570 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(rs pro).15 F .387 (vide a `ra)-.15 F .387(w' interf)-.15 F .387(ace to the de)-.1 F .386 (vice which pro)-.25 F .386(vides direct transmis-)-.15 F .955 (sion between the user')72 582 R 3.456(sc)-.55 G .956(ore and the de) -3.456 F .956(vice and allo)-.25 F .956(ws reading or writing lar)-.25 F .956(ge records.)-.18 F .956(The ra)5.956 F 3.456(wd)-.15 G -.25(ev) -3.456 G(ice).25 E 1.263(counts as a character de)72 594 R 1.263 (vice, and should ha)-.25 F 1.563 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.262 (he name of the corresponding standard block special \214le).15 F (with `r' prepended.)72 606 Q(Thus the ra)5 E 2.5(wm)-.15 G (agtape \214les w)-2.5 E(ould be called /de)-.1 E(v/rmtX.)-.25 E 2.087 (When all the special \214les ha)97 621.6 R 2.387 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 2.087 (een created, care should be tak).15 F 2.087 (en to change the access modes)-.1 F (\(chmod-I\) on these \214les to appropriate v)72 633.6 Q(alues.)-.25 E EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893689>278 60 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(The Sour)72 108 Q(ce Disk)-.18 E F0 -1.1(Yo)97 123.6 S 2.615(us)1.1 G .115(hould no)-2.615 F 2.614(we)-.25 G .114(xtract the source disk.) -2.764 F .114(This can be done as described abo)5.114 F .414 -.15(ve o) -.15 H 2.614(rt).15 G .114(he UNIX command)-2.614 F(dd-I may be used.)72 135.6 Q(The disk image be)5 E (gins at block 4100 on the tape, so the command)-.15 E(dd if=/de)108 153.6 Q(v/mt0 of=/de)-.25 E(v/rk1 count=4000 skip=4100)-.25 E (might be used to e)72 171.6 Q(xtract the disk to RK dri)-.15 E .3 -.15 (ve 1)-.25 H(.).15 E .663(This disk should be mounted \(mount-VIII\) on\ /usr/source; it contains directories of source code.)97 187.2 R(In) 5.663 E .025(each directory is a Shell \214le run that will recompile a\ ll the source in the directory)72 199.2 R 5.024(.T)-.65 G .024 (hese run \214les should be)-5.024 F(consulted whene)72 211.2 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ry).15 G(ou need to recompile.)-2.5 E F1(Floating P)72 235.2 Q(oint)-.2 E F0 .102 (UNIX only supports the 11/45 FP11-B \215oating point unit.)97 250.8 R -.15(Fo)5.102 G 2.602(rm).15 G .102(achines without this hardw)-2.602 F .103(are, there)-.1 F .439(is a user subroutine a)72 262.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .439(ilable that will catch ille).25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.939(li).05 G .438(nstruction traps and interpret \215oating point operations.)-2.939 F .679(\(See fptrap-III.\))72 274.8 R .679(The system as deli)5.679 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .679(red has this code included in all commands that ha) .15 F .98 -.15(ve \215)-.2 H .68(oating point.).15 F 1.082 (This code is ne)72 286.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.582(ru).15 G 1.082 (sed if the FP hardw)-3.582 F 1.082(are is a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.081 (ilable and therefore does not need to be changed.).25 F(The)6.081 E (penalty is a little bit of disk space and loading time for the fe)72 298.8 Q 2.5<778d>-.25 G(oating commands.)-2.5 E .963(The C compiler in \ /usr/source/c probably should be changed if \215oating point is a)97 314.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.463(ilable. The).25 F(fpp)3.463 E 1.311(\215ag \ in c0t.s should be set and C should be recompiled and reloaded and inst\ alled.)72 326.4 R 1.31(This allo)6.31 F 1.31(ws \215oating)-.25 F .187 (point C programs to be compiled without the \255f \215ag and pre)72 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .187 (nts the \215oating point interpreter from getting).15 F(into ne)72 350.4 Q 2.5<778d>-.25 G(oating programs.)-2.5 E (\(See /usr/source/c/run.\))5 E F1 -.18(Ti)72 374.4 S(me Con).18 E -.1 (ve)-.4 G(rsion).1 E F0 5.025(If your machine is not in the Eastern tim\ e zone, you must edit \(ed-I\) the subroutine)97 390 R .781 (/usr/source/s4/ctime.c to re\215ect your local time.)72 402 R .781 (The v)5.781 F .782 (ariable `timezone' should be changed to re\215ect the)-.25 F 1.266 (time dif)72 414 R 1.266(ference between local time and GMT)-.25 F 6.265 (.F)-.74 G 1.265(or EST)-6.415 F 3.765(,t)-.74 G 1.265 (his is 5*60*60; for PST it w)-3.765 F 1.265(ould be 8*60*60.)-.1 F .443 (This routine also contains the names of the standard and Daylight Sa)72 426 R .443(vings time zone; so `EST' and `EDT')-.2 F .458 (might be changed to `PST' and `PDT' respecti)72 438 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (ly).15 E 5.458(.N)-.65 G .458(otice that these tw)-5.458 F 2.958(on)-.1 G .457(ames are in upper case and es-)-2.958 F .657 (capes may be needed \(tty-IV\).)72 450 R(Finally)5.657 E 3.157(,t)-.65 G .658(here is a `daylight' \215ag; when it is 1 it causes the time to \ shift to)-3.157 F .131(Daylight Sa)72 462 R .131(vings automatically be\ tween the last Sundays in April and October \(or other algorithms in 19\ 74)-.2 F .038(and 1975\).)72 474 R .039(Normally this will not ha)5.039 F .339 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.539(ob).15 G 2.539(er)-2.539 G 2.539 (eset. After)-2.539 F .039 (ctime.c has been edited it should be compiled and)2.539 F .67 (installed in its library)72 486 R 5.67(.\()-.65 G .669 (See /usr/source/s4/run.\))-5.67 F .669 (Then you should \(at your leisure\) recompile and reinstall)5.669 F 1.611(all programs performing time con)72 498 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 4.111 (rsion. These).15 F 1.611 (include: \(in s1\) date, dump, ls, cron, \(in s2\) mail, pr)4.111 F(,) -.4 E(restor)72 510 Q 2.5(,w)-.4 G(ho, sa and tp.)-2.5 E F1(Disk Lay)72 534 Q(out)-.25 E F0 .736(If there are to be more \214le systems mounted\ than just the root, use mkfs-VIII to create the ne)97 549.6 R 3.236 <778c>-.25 G(le)-3.236 E 1.018(system and put its mounting in the \214l\ e /etc/rc \(see init-VIII and mount-VIII\).)72 561.6 R(\(Y)6.018 E 1.019 (ou might look at /etc/rc)-1.1 F(an)72 573.6 Q(yw)-.15 E (ay to see what has been pro)-.1 E(vided for you.\))-.15 E .567 (There are tw)97 589.2 R 3.067(oc)-.1 G .567 (onsiderations in deciding ho)-3.067 F 3.067(wt)-.25 G 3.067(oa)-3.067 G .567(djust the arrangement of things on your disks: the)-3.067 F .403(m\ ost important is making sure there is adequate space for what is requir\ ed; secondarily)72 601.2 R 2.903(,t)-.65 G .403(hroughput should)-2.903 F .512(be maximized.)72 613.2 R .511 (The RK disk \(or its image\) as distrib)5.512 F .511 (uted has 4000 blocks for \214le storage, and the remain-)-.2 F .373 (der of the disk \(872 blocks\) is set aside for sw)72 625.2 R .374 (ap space.)-.1 F .374(In our o)5.374 F .374(wn system, which allo)-.25 F .374(ws 14 simultaneous)-.25 F .977(users, this amount of sw)72 637.2 R .977(ap space is not quite enough, so we use 1872 blocks for this purpo\ se; it is lar)-.1 F(ge)-.18 E(enough so running out of sw)72 649.2 Q (ap space ne)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ro).15 G(ccurs.)-2.5 E(Man)97 664.8 Q 3.599(yc)-.15 G 1.099(ommon system programs \(C, the editor) -3.599 F 3.599(,t)-.4 G 1.099(he assembler etc.\))-3.599 F 1.1 (create intermediate \214les in the)6.099 F .889(/tmp directory)72 676.8 R 3.389(,s)-.65 G 3.389(ot)-3.389 G .888 (he \214le system where this is stored also should be made lar)-3.389 F .888(ge enough to accommodate)-.18 F .688(most high-w)72 688.8 R .688 (ater marks.)-.1 F .688(In an idle state, we ha)5.688 F .988 -.15(ve a) -.2 H .689(bout 900 free blocks on the \214le system where /tmp re-).15 F .914(sides, and hit the bottom e)72 700.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .913(ry fe) .15 F 3.413(wd)-.25 G .913(ays or so.)-3.413 F .913 (\(This causes a momentary disruption, b)5.913 F .913 (ut not a crash, as)-.2 F(sw)72 712.8 Q .158(ap-space runout does.\))-.1 F .159(All the programs that create \214les in /tmp try to tak)5.159 F 2.659(ec)-.1 G .159(are to delete them, b)-2.659 F .159(ut most)-.2 F .257(are not immune to e)72 724.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .256(nts lik).15 F 2.756(eb)-.1 G .256(eing hung up upon, and can lea)-2.756 F .556 -.15 (ve d)-.2 H(re).15 E 2.756(gs. The)-.15 F .256(directory should be e) 2.756 F(xamined)-.15 E EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893789>278 60 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)72 108 T(ry so often and the old \214les deleted.).25 E .741 (Exhaustion of user)97 123.6 R .741 (-\214le space is certain to occur no)-.2 F 3.241(wa)-.25 G .742 (nd then; the only mechanisms for controlling)-3.241 F(this phenomenon \ are occasional use of du-I and threatening messages of the day and pers\ onal letters.)72 135.6 Q .989(The ef)97 151.2 R(\214cienc)-.25 E 3.489 (yw)-.15 G .988(ith which UNIX is able to use the CPU is lar)-3.489 F .988(gely dictated by the con\214guration of)-.18 F .349 (disk controllers.)72 163.2 R -.15(Fo)5.349 G 2.849(rg).15 G .349 (eneral time-sharing applications, the best strate)-2.849 F .35 (gy is to try to split user \214les, the root)-.15 F .343 (directory \(including the /tmp directory\) and the sw)72 175.2 R .343 (ap area among three controllers.)-.1 F .343(In our o)5.343 F .343 (wn system, for)-.25 F -.15(ex)72 187.2 S .417(ample, we ha).15 F .717 -.15(ve u)-.2 H .417(ser \214les on an RP).15 F 2.917(,t)-1.11 G .417 (he root on an RF \214x)-2.917 F .417(ed-head disk, and sw)-.15 F .418 (ap on an RK.)-.1 F .418(This is best)5.418 F .002 (for us since the RK has a f)72 199.2 R .001 (aster transfer rate than the rather slo)-.1 F 2.501(wR)-.25 G 1.601 -.8 (F, a)-2.501 H .001(nd in sw).8 F .001(apping the transfer rate rather) -.1 F(than access time is the dominant in\215uence on throughput.)72 211.2 Q .105(Once you ha)97 226.8 R .405 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .105(ecided ho) .15 F 2.606(wt)-.25 G 2.606(om)-2.606 G(ak)-2.606 E 2.606(eb)-.1 G .106 (est use of your hardw)-2.606 F .106(are, the question is ho)-.1 F 2.606 (wt)-.25 G 2.606(oi)-2.606 G .106(nitialize it.)-2.606 F(If)5.106 E .279 (you ha)72 238.8 R .579 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .279(he equipment, the best w) .15 F .279(ay to mo)-.1 F .579 -.15(ve a \214)-.15 H .278 (le system is to dump it \(dump-VIII\) to magtape, use mk-).15 F .411 (fs-VIII to create the ne)72 250.8 R 2.911<778c>-.25 G .411 (le system, and restore the tape.)-2.911 F .412(If you don')5.412 F 2.912(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.912 H .412 (magtape, dump accepts an ar)3.112 F(-)-.2 E .788(gument telling where \ to put the dump; you might use another disk or DECtape.)72 262.8 R .788 (Sometimes a \214le system)5.788 F .875 (has to be increased in logical size without cop)72 274.8 R 3.375 (ying. The)-.1 F(super)3.375 E .875(-block of the de)-.2 F .875 (vice has a w)-.25 F .875(ord gi)-.1 F .875(ving the)-.25 F .57 (highest address which can be allocated.)72 286.8 R -.15(Fo)5.57 G 3.07 (rr).15 G(elati)-3.07 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .57(ly small increases, this w) .15 F .57(ord can be patched using the)-.1 F(deb)72 298.8 Q 1.146 (ugger \(db-I\) and the free list reconstructed using icheck-VIII.)-.2 F 1.146(The size should not be increased v)6.146 F(ery)-.15 E .184 (greatly by this technique, ho)72 310.8 R(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .984 -.4(r, s).15 H .183 (ince although the allocatable space will increase the maximum number).4 F .46(of \214les will not \(that is, the i-list size can')72 322.8 R 2.96(tb)-.18 G 2.96(ec)-2.96 G 2.96(hanged\). Read)-2.96 F .46 (and understand the description gi)2.96 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96(ni).15 G 2.96<6e8c>-2.96 G(le)-2.96 E(system-VI before playing around in this w) 72 334.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .578(If you ha)97 350.4 R .878 -.15(ve o) -.2 H .578(nly an RP disk, see section rp-IV for some suggestions on ho) .15 F 3.078(wt)-.25 G 3.078(ol)-3.078 G .577(ay out the informa-)-3.078 F .192(tion on it.)72 362.4 R .192(The \214le systems distrib)5.192 F .192(uted on tape, containing the binary)-.2 F 2.692(,t)-.65 G .193 (he source, and the manuals, are each)-2.692 F .191 (only 4000 blocks long.)72 374.4 R .191(Perhaps the simplest w)5.191 F .191(ay to inte)-.1 F .191(grate the latter tw)-.15 F 2.691(oi)-.1 G .191(nto a lar)-2.691 F .191(ge \214le system is to e)-.18 F(x-)-.15 E .524(tract the tape into the upper part of the RP)72 386.4 R 3.024(,d) -1.11 G .525(ump it, and restore it into an empty)-3.024 F 3.025(,n)-.65 G(on-o)-3.025 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .525(rlapping \214le sys-).15 F .657 (tem structure.)72 398.4 R .657(If you ha)5.657 F .957 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.157(om).15 G(er)-3.157 E .657(ge a \214le system into another)-.18 F 3.157(,e)-.4 G .657(xisting one, the best bet is to use ncheck-)-3.307 F .113(VIII to get a list of names, then edit this list into a sequence o\ f mkdir and cp commands which will serv)72 410.4 R 2.613(ea)-.15 G(s) -2.613 E(input to the Shell.)72 422.4 Q(\(But notice that o)5 E (wner information is lost.\))-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(New Users)72 446.4 Q F0 .728(Install ne)97 462 R 3.228(wu)-.25 G .727 (sers by editing the passw)-3.228 F .727 (ord \214le /etc/passwd \(passwd-V\).)-.1 F -1.1(Yo)5.727 G(u')1.1 E .727(ll ha)-.1 F 1.027 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.227(om).15 G(ak)-3.227 E 3.227 (ec)-.1 G(urrent)-3.227 E .806(directories for the ne)72 474 R 3.306(wu) -.25 G .806(sers and change their o)-3.306 F .806(wners to the ne)-.25 F .806(wly installed name.)-.25 F .806(Login as each user to)5.806 F(mak) 72 486 Q 2.5(es)-.1 G(ure the passw)-2.5 E (ord \214le is correctly edited.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample:) -2.65 E(ed /etc/passwd)108 504 Q($a)108 516 Q(joe::10:1::/usr/joe:)108 528 Q(.)108 540 Q(w)108 552 Q(q)108 564 Q(mkdir /usr/joe)108 576 Q(cho) 108 588 Q(wn joe /usr/joe)-.25 E(login joe)108 600 Q(ls \255la)108 612 Q (login root)108 624 Q .589(This will mak)72 642 R 3.089(ean)-.1 G 1.089 -.25(ew l)-3.089 H .588(ogin entry for joe.).25 F .588(His def)5.588 F .588(ault current directory is /usr/joe which has been created.)-.1 F (The deli)72 654 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(red passw).15 E (ord \214le has the user)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ke)2.5 G(n).1 E F0(in it to be used as a prototype.)2.5 E EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893889>278 60 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Multiple Users)72 108 Q F0 .457(If UNIX is to support simultaneous a\ ccess from more than just the console teletype, the \214le /etc/ttys)97 123.6 R .054(\(ttys-V\) has to be edited.)72 135.6 R -.15(Fo)5.053 G 2.553(rs).15 G .053 (ome historical reason tty8 is the name of the console type)-2.553 F (writer)-.25 E 5.053(.T)-.55 G 2.553(oa)-5.853 G .053(dd ne)-2.553 F(w) -.25 E(type)72 147.6 Q .407(writers be sure the de)-.25 F .407 (vice is con\214gured and the special \214le e)-.25 F .408 (xists, then set the \214rst character of the ap-)-.15 F .261 (propriate line of /etc/ttys to 1 \(or add a ne)72 159.6 R 2.761(wl)-.25 G 2.76(ine\). Note)-2.761 F .26(that init.c will ha)2.76 F .56 -.15 (ve t)-.2 H 2.76(ob).15 G 2.76(er)-2.76 G .26(ecompiled if there are to) -2.76 F .255(be more than 20 type)72 171.6 R 2.755(writers. Also)-.25 F .255(note that if the special \214le is inaccessible when init tries to\ create a pro-)2.755 F (cess for it, the system will thrash trying and retrying to open it.)72 183.6 Q F1(File System Health)72 207.6 Q F0 .474(Periodically \(say e)97 223.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .474(ry day or so\) and al).15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .473(ys after a crash, you should check all the \214le systems for).1 F (consistenc)72 235.2 Q 3.377(y\()-.15 G .877(icheck, dcheck-VIII\).) -3.377 F .877(It is quite important to e)5.877 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .877 (cute sync \(VIII\) before rebooting or taking).15 F .178 (the machine do)72 247.2 R 2.677(wn. This)-.25 F .177 (is done automatically e)2.677 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .177 (ry 30 seconds by the update program \(VIII\) when a mul-).15 F (tiple-user system is running, b)72 259.2 Q(ut you should do it an)-.2 E (yw)-.15 E(ay to mak)-.1 E 2.5(es)-.1 G(ure.)-2.5 E .157 (Dumping of the \214le system should be done re)97 274.8 R(gularly)-.15 E 2.657(,s)-.65 G .157(ince once the system is going it is v)-2.657 F .157(ery easy to)-.15 F .494(become complacent.)72 286.8 R .494 (Just remember that our RP controller has f)5.494 F .493 (ailed three times, each time in such a w)-.1 F(ay)-.1 E .608 (that all information on the disk w)72 298.8 R .608 (as wiped out without an)-.1 F 3.108(ye)-.15 G .608 (rror status from the controller)-3.108 F 5.609(.C)-.55 G .609 (omplete and)-5.609 F 1.482 (incremental dumps are easily done with the dump command \(VIII\) b)72 310.8 R 1.481(ut restoration of indi)-.2 F 1.481(vidual \214les is)-.25 F 2.83(painful. Dumping)72 322.8 R .33 (of \214les by name is best done by tp \(I\) b)2.83 F .331 (ut the number of \214les is limited.)-.2 F .331(Finally if there)5.331 F .595(are enough dri)72 334.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.095(se).15 G .594(nti\ re disks can be copied using cp-I, or preferably with dd-I using the ra) -3.095 F 3.094(ws)-.15 G .594(pecial \214les)-3.094 F .031 (and an appropriate block size.)72 346.8 R .032(Note that there is no s\ tand-alone program with UNIX that will restore an)5.031 F 2.532(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.532 E .063(these formats.)72 358.8 R .063 (Unless some action has been tak)5.063 F .062(en to pre)-.1 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .062(nt destruction of a running v).15 F .062 (ersion of UNIX, you)-.15 F(can \214nd yourself stranded e)72 370.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(hough you ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H (ackup.).15 E EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-)0 12 Q 2.5<893989>278 60 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Odds and Ends)72 108 Q F0 1.609(The programs dump, icheck, dcheck, n\ check, and df \(source in /usr/source/s1 and /usr/source/s2\))97 123.6 R .117(should be changed to re\215ect your def)72 135.6 R .117 (ault mounted \214le system de)-.1 F 2.617(vices. Print)-.25 F .116 (the \214rst fe)2.617 F 2.616(wl)-.25 G .116(ines of these pro-)-2.616 F (grams and the changes will be ob)72 147.6 Q(vious.)-.15 E .2(If you w) 97 163.2 R .2(ould lik)-.1 F 2.7(et)-.1 G 2.7(os)-2.7 G .2(hare an)-2.7 F 2.7(yU)-.15 G .2(NIX compatible softw)-2.7 F .2 (are with others, please let us kno)-.1 F 2.7(wa)-.25 G .2(bout it.)-2.7 F(If)5.2 E(you \214nd b)72 175.2 Q(ugs in the softw)-.2 E (are or the documentation, ag)-.1 E(ain let us kno)-.05 E -.65(w.)-.25 G (Lastly)97 190.8 Q 2.634(,t)-.65 G .134 (here is a UNIX users' group forming.)-2.634 F 1.733 -.8(To g)5.133 H .133(et on their mailing list, send your name\(s\) and ad-).8 F (dress to:)72 202.8 Q(Prof. Melvin Ferentz)108 220.8 Q(Ph)108 232.8 Q (ysics Dept.)-.05 E(Brooklyn Colle)108 244.8 Q(ge of CUNY)-.15 E (Brooklyn, N.Y)108 256.8 Q 2.5(.1)-1.29 G(1210)-2.5 E(Good luck.)158 284.4 Q -.25(Ke)158 296.4 S 2.5(nT).25 G(hompson)-2.5 E(Dennis Ritchie) 158 308.4 Q EP %%Trailer end %%EOF