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2.178(The source \214les for commands and subroutines reside in se)97
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2.5(/usr/src. These)72 376.2 R
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(libc/stdio Source)72 407.4 R
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(libc/crt Source)72 454.2 R .383
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26.39(libc/csu Source)72 481.8 R(for the C startup routines.)2.5 E -.05
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G .214(ious ho).15 F(w)-.25 E(to compile these; treat it as a g)132
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(ainst the one in /bin.)-.05 F(Some of the mak)97 204 Q(e\214les ha)-.1
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430.8 R 5.097(.T)-.55 G .097(he loss of the C compiler is as serious)
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(needed, prog.c can be compiled by)72 470.4 Q(/lib/cpp prog.c >temp0)108
488.4 Q(/lib/c0 temp0 temp1 temp2)108 500.4 Q(/lib/c1 temp1 temp2 temp3)
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108 536.4 Q .303
(The source for the compiler proper is in the directory /usr/src/cmd/c.)
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e up from the \214les c20.c and)-3.317 F(c21.c together with c2.h.)72 96
Q(Its loss is not critical since it is completely optional.)5 E .056
(The set of tables mentioned abo)97 111.6 R .356 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.556
(sg).15 G .056(enerated from the \214le table.s.)-2.556 F .057
(This `.s' \214le is not in f)5.056 F .057(act assem-)-.1 F .202
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(In the subdirec-)5.033 F(tory)72 199.2 Q F1(h)2.763 E F0 .263
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(included in se)72 422.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .48
(ral source \214les is changed.).15 F .48
(See `Setting Up UNIX' for other information about con\214gura-)5.48 F
(tion and such.)72 434.4 Q 1.076(When the mak)97 450 R 3.576(ei)-.1 G
3.576(sd)-3.576 G 1.076(one, the ne)-3.576 F 3.576(ws)-.25 G 1.075
(ystem is present in the current directory as `unix'.)-3.576 F 1.075
(It should be)6.075 F(tested before destro)72 462 Q(ying the currently \
running `/unix', this is best done by doing something lik)-.1 E(e)-.1 E
(mv /unix /ounix)108 480 Q(mv unix /unix)108 492 Q .331(If the ne)72 510
R 2.831(ws)-.25 G .331(ystem doesn')-2.831 F 2.831(tw)-.18 G .331
(ork, you can still boot `ounix' and come up \(see boot\(8\)\).)-2.931 F
.331(When you ha)5.331 F .632 -.15(ve s)-.2 H(at-).15 E
(is\214ed yourself that the ne)72 522 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G(ystem w)-2.5 E
(orks, remo)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve /)-.15 H(ounix.).15 E 2.494 -.8(To i)97
537.6 T .894(nstall a ne).8 F 3.394(wd)-.25 G -.25(ev)-3.394 G .894
(ice dri).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.694 -.4(r, c).15 H .893
(ompile it and put it into its library).4 F 5.893(.T)-.65 G .893
(he best w)-5.893 F .893(ay to put it into the)-.1 F
(library is to use the command)72 549.6 Q(ar uv LIB2 x.o)108 567.6 Q
.408(where x is the routine you just compiled.)72 585.6 R .408
(\(All the de)5.408 F .408(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .408
(rs distrib).15 F .409(uted with the system are already in)-.2 F
(the library)72 597.6 Q(.\))-.65 E(Ne)97 613.2 Q .628(xt, the de)-.15 F
(vice')-.25 E 3.128(si)-.55 G .628(nterrupt v)-3.128 F .628
(ector must be entered in l.s.)-.15 F .627
(This is probably already done by the rou-)5.628 F 1.3
(tine mkconf\(1\), b)72 625.2 R 1.3(ut if the de)-.2 F 1.301
(vice is esoteric or nonstandard you will ha)-.25 F 1.601 -.15(ve t)-.2
H 3.801(om).15 G 1.301(assage l.s by hand.)-3.801 F(This)6.301 E(in)72
637.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E .509
(es placing a pointer to a callout routine and the de)-.15 F(vice')-.25
E 3.009(sp)-.55 G .509(riority le)-3.009 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(li).15 G
3.009(nt)-3.009 G .509(he v)-3.009 F(ector)-.15 E 5.509(.U)-.55 G .508
(se some other)-5.509 F(de)72 649.2 Q .115(vice \(lik)-.25 F 2.615(et)
-.1 G .115(he console\) as a guide.)-2.615 F .115(Notice that the entri\
es in l.s must be in order as the assembler does not)5.115 F 1.053
(permit mo)72 661.2 R 1.053(ving the location counter `.)-.15 F 3.553
('b)-.7 G(ackw)-3.553 E 3.553(ards. The)-.1 F 1.052
(assembler also does not permit assignation of an)3.553 F .645
(absolute number to `.)72 673.2 R .645
(', which is the reason for the `. = ZER)-.7 F .646(O+100' subterfuge.)
-.4 F .646(If a constant smaller than)5.646 F .25
(16\(10\) is added to the priority le)72 685.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .25
(l, this number will be a).15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .25
(ilable as the \214rst ar).25 F .25(gument of the interrupt rou-)-.18 F
2.5(tine. This)72 697.2 R(stratagem is used when se)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral similar de).15 E
(vices share the same interrupt routine \(as in dl11')-.25 E(s\).)-.55 E
.364(If you ha)97 712.8 R .664 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.864(om).15 G .364(assa\
ge l.s, be sure to add the code to actually transfer to the interrupt r\
outine. Ag)-2.864 F(ain)-.05 E .817(use the console as a guide. The app\
arent strangeness of this code is due to running the k)72 724.8 R .816
(ernel in separate)-.1 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-4-)282.17 48 Q .692(I&D space.)72 84 R(The)
5.692 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(call)3.192 E F0 .692(routine sa)3.192 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.192(sr).15 G -.15(eg)-3.192 G .693
(isters as required and prepares a C-style call on the actual interrupt)
.15 F .112(routine named after the `jmp' instruction.)72 96 R .112
(When the routine returns,)5.112 F F1(call)2.612 E F0 .112
(restores the re)2.612 F .112(gisters and performs)-.15 F .348
(an rti instruction.)72 108 R .349(As an aside, note that e)5.348 F .349
(xternal names in C programs ha)-.15 F .649 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.849(nu).15
G .349(nderscore \(`_'\) prepended)-2.849 F(to them.)72 120 Q .128
(The second step which must be performed to add a de)97 135.6 R .128
(vice unkno)-.25 F .128(wn to mkconf is to add it to the con-)-.25 F
.588(\214guration table /usr/sys/conf/c.c.)72 147.6 R .588
(This \214le contains tw)5.588 F 3.089(os)-.1 G .589
(ubtables, one for block-type de)-3.089 F .589(vices, and one for)-.25 F
(character)72 159.6 Q .344(-type de)-.2 F 2.843(vices. Block)-.25 F(de)
2.843 E .343(vices include disks, DECtape, and magtape.)-.25 F .343
(All other de)5.343 F .343(vices are charac-)-.25 F 1.135(ter de)72
171.6 R 3.635(vices. A)-.25 F 1.135(line in each of these tables gi)
3.635 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.635(sa).15 G 1.135
(ll the information the system needs to kno)-3.635 F 3.636(wa)-.25 G
1.136(bout the)-3.636 F(de)72 183.6 Q(vice handler; the ordinal positio\
n of the line in the table implies its major de)-.25 E(vice number)-.25
E 2.5(,s)-.4 G(tarting at 0.)-2.5 E .096
(There are four subentries per line in the block de)97 199.2 R .095
(vice table, which gi)-.25 F .395 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .095
(ts open routine, close routine,).15 F(strate)72 211.2 Q .105
(gy routine, and de)-.15 F .106(vice table.)-.25 F .106
(The open and close routines may be none)5.106 F .106
(xistent, in which case the name)-.15 F(`nullde)72 223.2 Q .537
(v' is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .536(n; this routine merely returns.).15
F .536(The strate)5.536 F .536(gy routine is called to do an)-.15 F
3.036(yI)-.15 G .536(/O, and the de)-3.036 F(vice)-.25 E
(table contains status information for the de)72 235.2 Q(vice.)-.25 E
-.15(Fo)97 250.8 S 3.301(rc).15 G .801(haracter de)-3.301 F .801(vices,\
 each line in the table speci\214es a routine for open, close, read, an\
d write, and)-.25 F .97(one which sets and returns de)72 262.8 R .969
(vice-speci\214c status \(used, for e)-.25 F .969
(xample, for stty and gtty on type)-.15 F 3.469(writers\). If)-.25 F .01
(there is no open or close routine, `nullde)72 274.8 R .01(v' may be gi)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .01
(n; if there is no read, write, or status routine, `node).15 F(v')-.25 E
(may be gi)72 286.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(n. Node).15 F 2.5(vs)-.25 G
(ets an error \215ag and returns.)-2.5 E .366
(The \214nal step which must be tak)97 302.4 R .366(en to install a de)
-.1 F .365(vice is to mak)-.25 F 2.865(eas)-.1 G .365
(pecial \214le for it.)-2.865 F .365(This is done by)5.365 F .7
(mknod\(1\), to which you must specify the de)72 314.4 R .7
(vice class \(block or character\), major de)-.25 F .7
(vice number \(relati)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .236
(line in the con\214guration table\) and minor de)72 326.4 R .236
(vice number \(which is made a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .236
(ilable to the dri).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.735(ra).15 G 2.735(ta)-2.735 G
(ppropri-)-2.735 E(ate times\).)72 338.4 Q(The documents `Setting up Un\
ix' and `The Unix IO system' may aid in comprehending these steps.)97
354 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(The Library libc.a)72 378 Q F0 .839(The lib\
rary /lib/libc.a is where most of the subroutines described in sections\
 2 and 3 of the manual)97 393.6 R(are k)72 405.6 Q 2.5(ept. This)-.1 F
(library can be remade using the follo)2.5 E(wing commands:)-.25 E
(cd /usr/src/libc)108 423.6 Q(sh compall)108 435.6 Q(sh mklib)108 447.6
Q(mv libc.a /lib/libc.a)108 459.6 Q
(If single routines need to be recompiled and replaced, use)72 477.6 Q
(cc \255c \255O x.c)108 495.6 Q(ar vr /lib/libc.a x.o)108 507.6 Q
(rm x.o)108 519.6 Q(The abo)72 537.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.15 H
(an also be used to put ne).15 E 2.5(wi)-.25 G(tems into the library)
-2.5 E 5(.S)-.65 G(ee ar\(1\), lorder\(1\), and tsort\(1\).)-5 E .009(T\
he routines in /usr/src/cmd/libc/csu \(C start up\) are not in libc.a. \
These are separately assembled and)97 553.2 R(put into /lib)72 565.2 Q
2.5(.T)-.4 G(he commands to do this are)-2.5 E(cd /usr/src/libc/csu)108
583.2 Q(as \255 x.s)108 595.2 Q(mv a.out /lib/x)108 607.2 Q
(where x is the routine you w)72 625.2 Q(ant.)-.1 E F2(Other Libraries)
72 649.2 Q F0(Lik)97 664.8 Q -.25(ew)-.1 G .496
(ise, the directories containing the source for the other libraries ha)
.25 F .797 -.15(ve \214)-.2 H .497(les compall \(that recom-).15 F
(piles e)72 676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rything\) and mklib \(that recreates the library\).).15 E F2(System T)
72 700.8 Q(uning)-.92 E F0 1.039(There are se)97 716.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
1.039(ral tunable parameters in the system. These set the size of v).15
F 1.038(arious tables and limits.)-.25 F(The)72 728.4 Q 3.036(ya)-.15 G
.536
(re found in the \214le /usr/sys/h/param.h as manifests \(`#de\214ne')
-3.036 F 3.036(s\). Their)-.55 F -.25(va)3.036 G .536
(lues are rather generous in).25 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-5-)282.17 48 Q .643(the system as distrib)72 84
R 3.143(uted. Our)-.2 F .643
(typical maximum number of users is about 20, b)3.143 F .643
(ut there are man)-.2 F 3.142(yd)-.15 G(aemon)-3.142 E(processes.)72 96
Q .505(When an)97 111.6 R 3.005(yp)-.15 G .505(arameter is changed, it \
is prudent to recompile the entire system, as discussed abo)-3.005 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.505(.A).15 G(brief discussion of each follo)72 123.6 Q
(ws:)-.25 E(NB)72 139.2 Q 30.93(UF This)-.1 F .371
(sets the size of the disk b)2.871 F(uf)-.2 E .371(fer cache. Each b)
-.25 F(uf)-.2 E .37(fer is 512 bytes.)-.25 F .37(This number should be)
5.37 F .368(around 25 plus NMOUNT)132 151.2 R 2.868(,o)-.74 G 2.868(ra)
-2.868 G 2.868(sb)-2.868 G .368(ig as can be if the abo)-2.868 F .669
-.15(ve n)-.15 H .369(umber of b).15 F(uf)-.2 E .369
(fers cause the sys-)-.25 F(tem to not \214t in memory)132 163.2 Q(.)
-.65 E 29.17(NFILE This)72 178.8 R .243(sets the maximum number of open\
 \214les. An entry is made in this table e)2.743 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .242
(ry time a \214le).15 F .085(is `opened' \(see open\(2\), creat\(2\)\).)
132 190.8 R .085
(Processes share these table entries across forks \(fork\(2\)\).)5.085 F
(This number should be about the same size as NINODE belo)132 202.8 Q
1.3 -.65(w. \()-.25 H(It can be a bit smaller).65 E(.\))-.55 E 13.62
(NMOUNT This)72 218.4 R .687
(indicates the maximum number of mounted \214le systems. Mak)3.187 F
3.186(ei)-.1 G 3.186(tb)-3.186 G .686(ig enough that you)-3.186 F(don')
132 230.4 Q 2.5(tr)-.18 G(un out at incon)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(nient times.).15 E 10.28(MAXMEM This)72 246 R 1.319
(sets an administrati)3.819 F 1.619 -.15(ve l)-.25 H 1.319
(imit on the amount of memory a process may ha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 6.32
(.I).15 G 3.82(ti)-6.32 G 3.82(ss)-3.82 G(et)-3.82 E 1.286
(automatically if the amount of ph)132 258 R 1.286
(ysical memory is small, and thus should not need to be)-.05 F(changed.)
132 270 Q 8.05(MAXUPRC This)72 285.6 R 1.154
(sets the maximum number of processes that an)3.654 F 3.654(yo)-.15 G
1.155(ne user can be running at an)-3.654 F 3.655(yo)-.15 G(ne)-3.655 E
.073(time. This should be set just lar)132 297.6 R .073
(ge enough that people can get w)-.18 F .073(ork done b)-.1 F .072
(ut not so lar)-.2 F .072(ge that)-.18 F 2.5(au)132 309.6 S
(ser can hog all the processes a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable \(usually by accident!\).).25 E(NPR)72 325.2 Q 24.56(OC This)-.4
F .812(sets the maximum number of processes that can be acti)3.312 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 5.812(.I).15 G 3.312(td)-5.812 G .812
(epends on the demand)-3.312 F(pattern of the typical user; we seem to \
need about 8 times the number of terminals.)132 337.2 Q 19.18
(NINODE This)72 352.8 R 1.233(sets the size of the inode table. There i\
s one entry in the inode table for e)3.733 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.232
(ry open).15 F(de)132 364.8 Q .452(vice, current w)-.25 F .452
(orking directory)-.1 F 2.952(,s)-.65 G(tick)-2.952 E 2.952(yt)-.15 G
-.15(ex)-2.952 G 2.952(ts).15 G -.15(eg)-2.952 G .453
(ment, open \214le, and mounted de).15 F 2.953(vice. Note)-.25 F .22
(that if tw)132 376.8 R 2.72(ou)-.1 G .22(sers ha)-2.72 F .52 -.15
(ve a \214)-.2 H .219
(le open there is still only one entry in the inode table. A reasonable)
.15 F(rule of thumb for the size of this table is)132 388.8 Q(NPR)168
406.8 Q(OC + NMOUNT + \(number of terminals\))-.4 E 30.83(SSIZE The)72
428.4 R .064(initial size of a process stack. This may be made bigger i\
f commonly run processes ha)2.564 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(lar)132 440.4 Q
(ge data areas on the stack.)-.18 E 28.05(SINCR The)72 456 R
(size of the stack gro)2.5 E(wth increment.)-.25 E 21.95(NOFILE This)72
471.6 R(sets the maximum number of \214les that an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
(ne process can ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.2 H 2.5(pen. 20).15 F
(is plenty)2.5 E(.)-.65 E 14.72(CANBSIZ This)72 487.2 R .124
(is the size of the type)2.624 F .124(writer canonicalization b)-.25 F
(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.624(.I)-.55 G 2.623(ti)-2.624 G 2.623(si)-2.623 G
2.623(nt)-2.623 G .123(his b)-2.623 F(uf)-.2 E .123
(fer that erase and kill)-.25 F .245
(processing is done. Thus this is the maximum size of an input type)132
499.2 R .246(writer line. 256 is usually)-.25 F(plenty)132 511.2 Q(.)
-.65 E 14.16(CMAPSIZ The)72 526.8 R .221
(number of fragments that memory can be brok)2.721 F .22
(en into. This should be big enough that it)-.1 F(ne)132 538.8 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.663(rr).15 G .163(uns out.)-2.663 F .164
(The theoretical maximum is twice the number of processes, b)5.163 F
.164(ut this is a v)-.2 F(ast)-.25 E -.15(ove)132 550.8 S
(restimate in practice.).15 E(50 seems enough.)5 E 15.27(SMAPSIZ Same)72
566.4 R(as CMAPSIZ e)2.5 E(xcept for secondary \(sw)-.15 E(ap\) memory)
-.1 E(.)-.65 E 24.17(NCALL This)72 582 R .048(is the size of the callou\
t table. Callouts are entered in this table when some sort of inter)
2.548 F(-)-.2 E .192(nal system timing must be done, as in carriage ret\
urn delays for terminals. The number must)132 594 R
(be big enough to handle all such requests.)132 606 Q 24.73(NTEXT The)72
621.6 R 2.333(maximum number of simultaneously e)4.833 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
2.333(cuting pure programs. This should be big).15 F
(enough so as to not run out of space under hea)132 633.6 Q(vy load.)-.2
E 2.5(Ar)5 G(easonable rule of thumb is about)-2.5 E
(\(number of terminals\) + \(number of stick)168 651.6 Q 2.5(yp)-.15 G
(rograms\))-2.5 E 22.5(NCLIST The)72 673.2 R 2.012(number of clist se)
4.512 F 2.012(gments. A clist se)-.15 F 2.012(gment is 6 characters.)
-.15 F 2.013(NCLIST should be big)7.012 F .57
(enough so that the list doesn')132 685.2 R 3.069(tb)-.18 G .569
(ecome e)-3.069 F .569(xhausted when the machine is b)-.15 F(usy)-.2 E
3.069(.T)-.65 G .569(he characters)-3.069 F 1.101(that ha)132 697.2 R
1.401 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(rri).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.601(df).15 G 1.102
(rom a terminal and are w)-3.601 F 1.102(aiting to be gi)-.1 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.602(nt).15 G 3.602(oap)-3.602 G 1.102(rocess li)-3.602 F 1.402
-.15(ve h)-.25 H 1.102(ere. Thus).15 F .095
(enough space should be left so that e)132 709.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .095
(ry terminal can ha).15 F .395 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.595(tl).15 G .095
(east one a)-2.595 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .095(rage line pending).15 F
(\(about 30 or 40 characters\).)132 721.2 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(-6-)282.17 48 Q 6.4(TIMEZONE The)72 84 R
(number of minutes westw)2.5 E
(ard from Greenwich. See `Setting Up UNIX'.)-.1 E(DSTFLA)72 99.6 Q 15.4
(GS)-.4 G(ee `Setting Up UNIX' section on time con)-15.4 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rsion.).15 E(MSGB)72 115.2 Q 10.92(UFS The)-.1 F .125
(maximum number of characters of system error messages sa)2.625 F -.15
(ve)-.2 G .126(d. This is used as a circu-).15 F(lar b)132 127.2 Q(uf)
-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E 16.94(NCARGS The)72 142.8 R .783
(maximum number of characters in an e)3.283 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .782
(c\(2\) ar).15 F .782(glist. This number controls ho)-.18 F 3.282(wm)
-.25 G(an)-3.282 E(y)-.15 E(ar)132 154.8 Q
(guments can be passed into a process.)-.18 E
(5120 is practically in\214nite.)5 E 44.17(HZ Set)72 170.4 R
(to the frequenc)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he system clock \(e.g., 50 for a 50 Hz. clock\).)-2.5 E EP
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