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/F0 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
162.486 123 Q -.18(Ju)253.254 138 S(ne 13, 1995).18 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Ste)259.405 162 Q(ven Sc)-.15 E(hultz)-.15 E/F2 10
/Times-Roman@0 SF(GTE Go)234.265 180 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rnment Systems).15
E(112 Lak)243.105 192 Q -.25(ev)-.1 G(ie).25 E 2.5(wC)-.25 G(an)-2.5 E
(yon)-.15 E(Thousand Oaks CA 91362)234.81 204 Q(sms@wlv)235.6 216 Q
(.iipo.gte)-.65 E(gsc.com)-.15 E F1(ABSTRA)264.535 252 Q(CT)-.3 E F2
3.169(This document contains instructions for the installation and operation of the)
133 283.2 R(2.11BSD PDP-11)108 295.2 Q/F3 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F2
(UNIX\210 system.)2.5 E 2.558(It discusses procedures for installing 2.11BSD UNIX on a PDP-11, including)
133 310.8 R -.15(ex)108 322.8 S .017(planations of ho).15 F 2.517(wt)
-.25 G 2.517(ol)-2.517 G .017(ay out \214le systems on a)-2.517 F -.25
(va)-.2 G .018(ilable disks, ho).25 F 2.518(wt)-.25 G 2.518(os)-2.518 G
.018(et up terminal lines)-2.518 F .79(and user accounts, ho)108 334.8 R
3.289(wt)-.25 G 3.289(od)-3.289 G 3.289(os)-3.289 G .789
(ystem-speci\214c tailoring, and ho)-3.289 F 3.289(wt)-.25 G 3.289(oi)
-3.289 G .789(nstall and con\214gure)-3.289 F 2.258(the netw)108 346.8 R
2.259(orking f)-.1 F 4.759(acilities. Finally)-.1 F 4.759(,t)-.65 G
2.259(he document details system operation procedures:)-4.759 F(shutdo)
108 358.8 Q .619(wn and startup, hardw)-.25 F .619
(are error reporting and diagnosis, \214le system backup proce-)-.1 F
2.047(dures, resource control, performance monitoring, and procedures for recompiling and)
108 370.8 R(reinstalling system softw)108 382.8 Q(are.)-.1 E .313(The `)
133 398.4 R(`b)-.74 E(ugs')-.2 E 2.813('a)-.74 G .313
(ddress supplied with this release will w)-2.813 F .312
(ork for some unkno)-.1 F .312(wn period)-.25 F 2.3(of time; mak)108
410.4 R 4.8(es)-.1 G 2.3(ure the `)-4.8 F(`Inde)-.74 E(x:')-.15 E 4.8
('l)-.74 G 2.3(ine of the b)-4.8 F 2.3
(ug report indicates that the release is)-.2 F -.74(``)108 422.4 S
(2.11BSD').74 E 2.88('. See)-.74 F(the)2.88 E F1(sendb)2.88 E(ug)-.2 E
F2 .38(\(8\) program for more details.)B .38(All \214x)5.38 F .38
(es that I mak)-.15 F .38(e, or that)-.1 F
(are sent to me, will be posted on)108 434.4 Q F1(USENET)2.5 E F2 2.5
(,i)C 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he ne)-2.5 E(ws group `)-.25 E(`comp.b)-.74 E
(ugs.2bsd')-.2 E('.)-.74 E .32 LW 144 692.8 72 692.8 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF
<ad>72 706.4 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .132(DEC, PDP-11, V)5.176 F .131
(AX, IDC, SBI, UNIB)-1.08 F .131(US and MASSB)-.08 F .131
(US are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.)-.08 F 6<8855>72
720 S(NIX is a T)-6 E(rademark of Bell Laboratories.)-.28 E F2
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 2)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)179.51 E/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(1. INTR)234.18 84 Q(ODUCTION)-.36 E F0 .716
(This document e)97 123.6 R .716(xplains ho)-.15 F 3.216(wt)-.25 G 3.216
(oi)-3.216 G .717(nstall 2.11BSD UNIX for the PDP-11 on your system.)
-3.216 F .717(This docu-)5.717 F .213(ment has been re)72 135.6 R .213
(vised se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .212(ral times since the \214rst release of 2.11BSD, most recently in July 1995 to re\215ect)
.15 F 1.13(the addition of disk labels to the system.)72 147.6 R 1.131
(The format of the bootable tape has changed.)6.13 F 1.131(There is no)
6.131 F 3.631(wa)-.25 G(standalone)72 159.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(disklabel)2.93 E F0 .43(program present.)2.93 F .43
(While the system call interf)5.43 F .429
(ace is the same as that of 2.10.1BSD, a)-.1 F .468
(full bootstrap from the distrib)72 171.6 R .469
(ution tape is required because the \214lesystem has changed to allo)-.2
F 2.969<778c>-.25 G .469(le names)-2.969 F .035
(longer than 14 characters.)72 183.6 R .034
(Also, the 3 byte block number packing scheme used by earlier v)5.034 F
.034(ersions of UNIX)-.15 F(for the PDP-11 has been eliminated.)72 195.6
Q(Block numbers are al)5 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys 4 byte).1 E F2(longs)2.5 E F0
(no)2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .275(The procedure for performing a full bootstrap is outlined in chapter 2.)
97 211.2 R .275(The process includes cop)5.275 F(ying)-.1 E 3.378(ar)72
223.2 S .878(oot \214le system from the distrib)-3.378 F .877
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72 235.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(so).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he tapes.)-2.5 E
.072(As 2.11BSD is not compatible at the \214lesystem le)97 250.8 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.572(lw).15 G .072(ith pre)-2.572 F .072(vious v)-.25 F .072
(ersions of UNIX on the PDP-11,)-.15 F(an)72 262.8 Q 3.575(yu)-.15 G
1.075(pgrade procedure is essentially a full bootstrap.)-3.575 F 1.075
(There is a limited ability to access old \214lesystems)6.075 F 1.152
(which may be used after the system partitions ha)72 274.8 R 1.453 -.15
(ve b)-.2 H 1.153(een loaded from a full bootstrap.).15 F 1.153
(It is desirable to)6.153 F .358(recompile most local softw)72 286.8 R
.358(are after the con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .358
(rsion, as there are changes and performance impro).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.357(ments in).15 F(the standard libraries.)72 298.8 Q .002(Binaries from 2.10.1BSD which do not read directories or inode structures may be used b)
97 314.4 R .002(ut should be)-.2 F .547
(recompiled to pick up changes in the standard libraries.)72 326.4 R
.546(Note too, that the portable ASCII format of)5.546 F/F3 10
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2.5(si).15 G 2.5(sn)-2.5 G .5 -.25(ow i)-2.5 H 2.5(np).25 G(lace - an)
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(les will ha).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.5(ob).15 G 2.5(ec)-2.5 G(on)-2.5
E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted using).15 E F3(/usr/old/ar)2.5 E(cv)-.37 E F0(.)A
F2 2.5(1. Hard)72 362.4 R(war)-.15 E 2.5(es)-.18 G(upported)-2.5 E F0
.153(This distrib)97 378 R .153
(ution can be booted on a PDP-11 with 1Mb of memory or more)-.2 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 2.653(,s)C .153(eparate I&D, and with)-2.653 F(an)72
390 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing disks:)-.25 E
(RK06, RK07)108 414 Q(An)108 426 Q 2.5(yM)-.15 G(SCP disk, including b)
-2.5 E(ut not limited to: RD53, RD54, RA81, RZ2x)-.2 E(RM03, RM05)108
438 Q(RP04, RP05, RP06)108 450 Q(Man)108 462 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G
(ther SMD disks, for e)-2.5 E(xample: CDC 9766, Fuji 160, Fuji Eagle)
-.15 E 1.835(Other disks are supported \(RX23, RX33, RX50, RD51\) b)97
489.6 R 1.836(ut are not lar)-.2 F 1.836(ge enough to hold a root)-.18 F
.132(\214lesystem plus a sw)72 501.6 R .132(ap partition.)-.1 F .132
(The old restriction of using RL02 dri)5.132 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(si)
.15 G 2.631(np)-2.631 G .131(airs has been lifted.)-2.631 F .131
(It is no)5.131 F(w)-.25 E .747
(possible to de\214ne a root \('a'\) partition and a sw)72 513.6 R .747
(ap partition \('b'\) and load at least the root \214lesystem to a)-.1 F
.453(single RL02.)72 525.6 R .453(Discs which are too small to hold e)
5.453 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.953(nar).15 G .453
(oot \214lesystem \(\215oppies for e)-2.953 F .452(xample\) may be used)
-.15 F .944(as data disks or as standalone boot media, b)72 537.6 R .945
(ut are not useable for loading the distrib)-.2 F 3.445(ution. Others,)
-.2 F(while)3.445 E .771(listed abo)72 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.271(,a)
.15 G .771(re not v)-3.271 F .771
(ery well suited to loading the distrib)-.15 F 3.27(ution. The)-.2 F .77
(RK06/07 dri)3.27 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.27(sa).15 G .77(re hard pressed to)
-3.27 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)72 561.6 T 2.5(nh).25 G
(old the system binaries, much less the sources.)-2.5 E(The tape dri)97
577.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ss).15 G(upported by this distrib)-2.5 E
(ution are:)-.2 E(TS11, TU80, TK25)108 601.2 Q(TM11, A)108 613.2 Q
(VIV 6250/1600)-1.35 E(TE16, TU45, TU77)108 625.2 Q
(TK50, TU81, TU81+, TZ30)108 637.2 Q .028(Although 2.11BSD contains a k)
72 661.2 R .028(ernel le)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.528<6c8d>.15 G .028
(oating point simulator)-2.528 F 2.528(,i)-.4 G 2.528(th)-2.528 G .028
(as ne)-2.528 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.528(rb).15 G .028(een tested.)-2.528 F
.029(In f)5.029 F .029(act it w)-.1 F(ould)-.1 E .277(not e)72 673.2 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.777(nc).15 G .276(ompile/assemble without errors!)
-2.777 F .276(That problem has been \214x)5.276 F .276(ed b)-.15 F .276
(ut it is still not kno)-.2 F 2.776(wi)-.25 G 2.776(ft)-2.776 G .276
(he simu-)-2.776 F 1.007(lator w)72 685.2 R 1.007
(orks, KDJ-11 based systems ha)-.1 F 1.307 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.007
(uiltin \215oating point so the simulator can not be tested.)-.05 F
1.008(At the)6.007 F 1.039(release of 2.10BSD some thought w)72 697.2 R
1.039(as gi)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.539(nt).15 G 3.539(ot)-3.539 G 1.039
(he possibility of lifting the separate I&D restriction, b)-3.539 F(ut)
-.2 E .32 LW 144 705.2 72 705.2 DL/F5 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 718.8 Q/F6 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF .109(2.11BSD w)5.176 F .109(ould probably only require a moderate amount of squeezing to \214t on machines with less memory)
-.08 F(,)-.52 E -.16(bu)82 728.8 S 2(ti).16 G 2(tw)-2 G(ould also be v)
-2.08 E(ery unhapp)-.12 E 2(ya)-.08 G(bout the prospect.)-2 E F0
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 3)177.84 E .514(that thought has languished.)72 84
R .514(The w)5.514 F .515(ork will ne)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.015(rb).15
G 3.015(ed)-3.015 G 3.015(one. As)-3.015 F .515
(time passes more and more programs ha)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
(become almost too lar)72 96 Q(ge e)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G
(ith separate I&D.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(2. Distrib)72 120 R
(ution f)-.2 E(ormat)-.25 E F0(The basic distrib)97 135.6 Q
(ution contains the follo)-.2 E(wing items:)-.25 E 10(\(2\) 1600bpi)108
153.6 R(2400' magnetic tapes, or)2.5 E 10(\(2\) TK25)108 165.6 R
(tape cartridges, or)2.5 E 10(\(1\) TK50)108 177.6 R
(tape cartridge, and)2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 189.6 R 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5
(ft)-2.5 G(his document,)-2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 201.6 R 2.5(yo)-.1
G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Chang)2.5 E
(es in 2.11BSD)-.1 E F0(document,)2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 213.6 R 2.5
(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he 2.11BSD /README and /VERSION \214les, and)
-2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 225.6 R 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G
(anual pages from sections 4, and 8.)-2.5 E .417(Installation on an)72
243.6 R 2.917(ym)-.15 G .417(achine requires a tape unit.)-2.917 F .417
(Since certain standard PDP-11 packages do not include a)5.417 F .551
(tape dri)72 255.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.051(,t).15 G .552
(his means one must either borro)-3.051 F 3.052(wo)-.25 G .552
(ne from another PDP-11 system or one must be purchased)-3.052 F
(separately)72 267.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1 .25(The distrib)97 283.2 R .25
(ution does not \214t on se)-.2 F -.1(ve)-.15 G .25
(ral standard PDP-11 con\214gurations that contain only small).1 F
(disks)72 295.2 Q F0 5.85(.I)C 3.35(fy)-5.85 G .85(our hardw)-3.35 F .85
(are con\214guration does not pro)-.1 F .85(vide at)-.15 F F1 .85
(least 75)3.35 F F0(Me)3.35 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .85
(bytes of disk space you can still).05 F .807(install the distrib)72
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(he source for the operating system.)-2.5 E .955
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(ve t)-.2 H .209(he f).15 F .209(acilities, it is a good idea to cop)-.1
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(ution kit to guard)-.2 F(ag)72 374.4 Q 1.438(ainst disaster)-.05 F
6.438(.T)-.55 G 1.438(he tapes are 9-track 1600 BPI, TK50 or TK25 cartridges and contain some 512-byte)
-6.438 F 1.873(records, follo)72 386.4 R 1.873
(wed by some 1024-byte records, follo)-.25 F 1.872(wed by man)-.25 F
4.372(y1)-.15 G 1.872(0240-byte records.)-4.372 F 1.872(There are inter)
6.872 F(-)-.2 E
(spersed tape marks; end-of-tape is signaled by a double end-of-\214le.)
72 398.4 Q .041
(The basic bootstrap material is present in six short \214les at the be)
97 414 R .042(ginning of the \214rst tape.)-.15 F .042
(The \214rst \214le)5.042 F .955
(on the tape contains preliminary bootstrapping programs.)72 426 R .955
(This is follo)5.955 F .954(wed by se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954
(ral standalone utilities).15 F(\()72 438 Q F2(disklabel)A F0(,)A F2
(mkfs)2.558 E F0(\(8\),)1.666 E F2 -.37(re)2.558 G(stor).37 E F0 .058
(\(8\), and)1.666 F F2(ic)2.558 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0(\(8\))1.666 E/F3
10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 2.557(\)f)C(ollo)-2.557 E .057
(wed by a full dump of a root \214le system \(see)-.25 F F2(dump)2.557 E
F0(\(8\)\).)1.666 E -.15(Fo)72 450 S(llo).15 E 2.017
(wing the root \214le system dump is a tape archi)-.25 F 2.317 -.15
(ve i)-.25 H 2.017(mage of).15 F F1(/usr)4.517 E F0 -.15(ex)4.518 G
2.018(cept for).15 F F1(/usr/sr)4.518 E(c)-.18 E F0(\(see)4.518 E F2
(tar)4.518 E F0(\(1\)\).)1.666 E(Finally)72 462 Q 2.555(,at)-.65 G .055
(ape archi)-2.555 F .355 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.554(fs).15 G .054
(ource for include \214les and k)-2.554 F .054
(ernel source ends the \214rst tape.)-.1 F .054(The second tape con-)
5.054 F(tains a tape archi)72 474 Q .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(mage, also in)
.15 E F2(tar)2.5 E F0
(format, of all the remaining source that comes with the system.)2.5 E
.633(The entire distrib)97 489.6 R .633(ution \(barely\) \214ts on a single TK50 cartridge, references to the second tape should)
-.2 F 1.079(be treated as being the 9th \214le on the TK50.)72 501.6 R
(Man)6.078 E 3.578(yo)-.15 G 3.578(ft)-3.578 G 1.078
(he programs in /usr/src/ne)-3.578 F 3.578(wh)-.25 G -2.25 -.2(av e)
-3.578 H 1.078(been tar+com-)3.778 F(press')72 513.6 Q 2.5(di)-.5 G 2.5
(no)-2.5 G(rder to k)-2.5 E(eep the distrib)-.1 E
(ution to a single tape.)-.2 E .32 LW 144 706.4 72 706.4 DL/F4 8/Symbol
SF<ad>72 720 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .122(References of the form X\(Y\) mean the subsection named X in section Y of the UNIX programmer')
5.176 F 2.123(sm)-.44 G(anual.)-2.123 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 4)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)179.51 E -.93(TA)72 84 S
(PE 1:).93 E -.8(Ta)72 102 S(pe \214le).8 E(Record size)15 E(Records)15
E/F1 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0(Contents)15 E .4 LW 443.63 106.5 72 106.5 DL
50.7(05)86.735 116 S 47.865(12 1)-50.7 F(primary tape boot block)24.4 E
47.865(512 1)142.435 128 R(boot block \(some tape boot R)24.4 E
(OMs go for this cop)-.4 E(y\))-.1 E 42.865(512 69)142.435 140 R
(standalone)24.4 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(boot)2.5 E F0(program)2.5 E
45.7(11)86.735 152 S 42.865(024 37)-45.7 F(standalone)24.4 E F2
(disklabel)2.5 E F0 45.7(21)86.735 164 S 42.865(024 33)-45.7 F
(standalone)24.4 E F2(mkfs)2.5 E F0(\(8\))A 45.7(31)86.735 176 S 42.865
(024 35)-45.7 F(standalone)24.4 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(stor).18 E F0(\(8\))A
45.7(41)86.735 188 S 42.865(024 32)-45.7 F(standalone)24.4 E F2(icheck)
2.5 E F0(\(8\))A 40.7(51)86.735 200 S 37.865(0240 285)-40.7 F/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(dump)24.4 E F0(of `)2.5 E(`root')-.74 E 2.5<278c>-.74
G(le system)-2.5 E 40.7(61)86.735 212 S 32.865(0240 3368)-40.7 F F3(tar)
24.4 E F0(dump of /usr)2.5 E 2.5(,e)-.4 G(xcepting /usr/src)-2.65 E 40.7
(71)86.735 224 S 37.865(0240 519)-40.7 F F3(tar)24.4 E F0
(dump of /usr/src/include and /usr/src/sys)2.5 E -.93(TA)72 254 S(PE 2:)
.93 E -.8(Ta)72 272 S(pe \214le).8 E(Record size)15 E(Records)15 E F1
<ad>A F0(Contents)15 E 424.81 276.5 72 276.5 DL 40.7(01)86.735 286 S
32.865(0240 4092)-40.7 F F3(tar)24.4 E F0(dump of /usr/src, e)2.5 E
(xcepting include and sys)-.15 E F2 2.5(3. UNIX)72 322 R(de)2.5 E
(vice naming)-.15 E F0(UNIX has a set of names for de)97 337.6 Q
(vices which are dif)-.25 E(ferent from the DEC names for the de)-.25 E
(vices.)-.25 E
(The disk and tape names used by the bootstrap and the system are:)72
361.6 Q(RK06, RK07 disks)108 385.6 Q(hk)83.87 E(RL01, RL02 disks)108
397.6 Q(rl)86.09 E 133.32(RK05 rk)108 409.6 R(MSCP disks)108 421.6 Q(ra)
109.97 E 106.09(RM02/03/05 xp)108 433.6 R 109.42(RP04/05/06 xp)108 445.6
R(SMD disks)108 457.6 Q(xp)114.98 E(TM02/03, TE16, TU45, TU77 tapes)108
469.6 Q(ht)15 E(TE10/TM11 tapes)108 481.6 Q(tm)86.66 E(TS11 tapes)108
493.6 Q(ts)114.99 E(TMSCP tapes)108 505.6 Q(tms)103.87 E(Additionally)72
529.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing non-DEC de)-.25 E
(vices are also supported:)-.25 E(SI 9500, CDC 9766)108 553.6 Q(si)90.42
E(SI, CDC 9775)108 565.6 Q(xp)112.92 E(SI6100, Fujitsu Eagle 2351A)108
577.6 Q(xp)53.2 E(Emule)108 589.6 Q 2.5(xS)-.15 G
(C01B or SI9400, Fujitsu 160)-2.5 E(xp)15 E(Emule)108 601.6 Q 2.5(xS)
-.15 G(C-21, xp)-2.5 E .829(The generic SMD disk dri)72 625.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(xp)3.729 E F0 3.329(,w)C .829
(ill handle most types of SMD disks on one or more controllers \(e)
-3.329 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(dif)72 637.6 Q .236
(ferent types on the same controller\).)-.25 F(The)5.236 E F2(xp)2.736 E
F0(dri)2.736 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.736(rh).15 G .236
(andles RM03, RM05, RP04, RP05 and)-2.736 F .237(RP06 disks)5.237 F
(on DEC, Emule)72 649.6 Q(x, Dilog, and SI UNIB)-.15 E(US or MASSB)-.1 E
(US controllers.)-.1 E 2.553
(MSCP disks and TMSCP tapes include SCSI dri)97 665.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.053(sa).15 G 2.553(ttached to the RQZX1 controller on the)-5.053 F
4.021(PDP-11/93. MSCP)72 677.2 R 1.521
(disks and TMSCP tapes also include SCSI dri)4.021 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
4.021(sa).15 G 1.522(ttached to the Emule)-4.021 F 4.022(xU)-.15 G 1.522
(C07 or)-4.022 F 2.255(UC08 Q-B)72 689.2 R 2.255(US controllers on Q-b)
-.1 F 2.255(us systems as well as the UC17 and UC18 controllers on UNIB)
-.2 F(US)-.1 E .32 LW 144 697.2 72 697.2 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 710.8 Q
/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF 1.103(The number of records in each tape \214le are approximate and do not necessarily correspond to the actual)
5.176 F(number on the tape.)82 720.8 Q F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 5)177.84 E(systems.)72 84 Q
(The standalone system used to bootstrap the full UNIX system uses de)97
99.6 Q(vice names of the form:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(xx)108
117.6 Q F0(\()1.666 E F1(c)A F0(,)A F1(y)A F0(,)A F1(z)A F0(\))A(where)
72 135.6 Q F1(xx)2.542 E F0 .042(is one of)2.542 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(hk)2.542 E F0(,)A F2(ht)2.542 E F0(,)A F2(rk)2.543 E F0(,)A F2(rl)2.543
E F0(,)A F2(tm)2.543 E F0(,)A F2(ts)2.543 E F0(,)A F2(tms)2.543 E F0
2.543(,o)C(r)-2.543 E F2(xp)2.543 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F
(alue)-.25 E F1(c)2.543 E F0 .043
(speci\214es the controller number \(0-3\).)2.543 F(This)5.043 E -.25
(va)72 147.6 S(lue is usually not e).25 E(xplicitly gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(n. The).15 F(def)2.5 E
(ault is 0 if booting from the standard \(\214rst\) CSR of a de)-.1 E
(vice.)-.25 E 2.217(Example: if there are tw)97 163.2 R 4.717(oM)-.1 G
2.216(SCP controllers in the system addressed as 0172150 and 0172154)
-4.717 F(respecti)72 175.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .25
(ly booting from the controller at 172154 requires that).15 F F1(c)2.75
E F0 .25(be gi)2.75 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.75(na).15 G 2.75(s1)-2.75 G 5.25
(.B)-2.75 G .25(ooting from the standard)-5.25 F 1.613(CSR of 0172150 w)
72 187.2 R 1.613(ould be done by specifying)-.1 F F1(c)4.112 E F0 1.612
(as 0 or omitting the)4.112 F F1(c)4.112 E F0(parameter)4.112 E(.)-.55 E
F2(boot)6.612 E F0(automatically)4.112 E 1.658
(detects if the \214rst \(standard\) CSR is being used.)72 199.2 R 1.658
(All future references will ignore the)9.158 F F1(c)4.159 E F0 1.659
(parameter by)4.159 F(assuming the def)72 211.2 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue.)
-.25 E .719(The v)97 226.8 R(alue)-.25 E F1(y)3.219 E F0 .719
(speci\214es the de)3.219 F .719(vice or dri)-.25 F 1.018 -.15(ve u)-.25
H .718(nit to use.).15 F(The)5.718 E F1(z)3.218 E F0 -.25(va)3.218 G
.718(lue is interpreted dif).25 F .718(ferently for tapes)-.25 F .651(and disks: for disks it is a partition number \(0 thru 7\) corresponding to partitions \264a\264 thru \264h\264 respecti)
72 238.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E .542(This should al)72 250.8
R -.1(wa)-.1 G .542(ys be zero unless you).1 F F2 -.18(re)3.042 G(ally)
.18 E F0(kno)3.042 E 3.042(ww)-.25 G .542(hat you are doing.)-3.042 F
.541(The ability to load a k)5.541 F .541(ernel from)-.1 F 1.198(the sw)
72 262.8 R 1.198(ap area is planned for the future b)-.1 F 1.198
(ut does not presently e)-.2 F 3.698(xist. F)-.15 F 1.198(or tapes)-.15
F F1(z)3.698 E F0 1.198(is a \214le number on the)3.698 F(tape.)72 274.8
Q/F3 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 .692(In all simple cases, a dri)97 290.4 R
.992 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .692(ith unit number 0 \(determined either by a unit plug on the front of the)
.15 F(dri)72 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.059(,o).15 G 3.059(rj)-3.059 G
.559(umper settings on the dri)-3.059 F .859 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.059(rc)
.15 G .559(ontroller\) will be called unit 0 in its UNIX \214le name.)
-3.059 F .559(\214le name.)5.559 F 1.145
(If there are multiple controllers, the dri)72 314.4 R 1.445 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H 1.146
(nit numbers will normally be counted within each controller).15 F(.)
-.55 E .664(Thus dri)72 326.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.164(so).15 G 3.164(nt)
-3.164 G .663(he the \214rst controller are numbered 0 thru 7 and dri)
-3.164 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.163(so).15 G 3.163(nt)-3.163 G .663
(he second controller are num-)-3.163 F .592
(bered 0 thru 7 on controller 1.)72 338.4 R .592(Returning to the discussion of the standalone system, recall that tapes also)
5.592 F .308(took tw)72 350.4 R 2.808(oi)-.1 G(nte)-2.808 E .308
(ger parameters.)-.15 F .308
(In the case of a TE16/TU tape formatter on dri)5.308 F .607 -.15(ve 0)
-.25 H 2.807(,t).15 G .307(he \214les on the tape ha)-2.807 F -.15(ve)
-.2 G .132(names `)72 362.4 R(`ht\(0,0\)')-.74 E .132(', `)-.74 F
(`ht\(0,1\)')-.74 E .132(', etc.)-.74 F .132(Here `)5.132 F(`\214le')
-.74 E 2.632('m)-.74 G .133
(eans a tape \214le containing a single data stream separated by)-2.632
F 2.506(as)72 374.4 S .006(ingle tape mark.)-2.506 F .006(The distrib)
5.006 F .006(ution tapes ha)-.2 F .306 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .006
(ata structures in the tape \214les and though the \214rst tape con-).15
F(tains only 7 tape \214les, it contains se)72 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral thousand UNIX \214les.).15 E 1.221(Each UNIX ph)97 402 R 1.221
(ysical disk is di)-.05 F 1.221
(vided into 8 logical disk partitions, each of which may occup)-.25 F
3.722(ya)-.1 G -.15(ny)-3.722 G(consecuti)72 414 Q .747 -.15(ve cy)-.25
H .447(linder range on the ph).15 F .447(ysical de)-.05 F 2.947
(vice. While)-.25 F -.15(ove)2.947 G .447(rlapping partitions are allo)
.15 F .446(wed the)-.25 F 2.946(ya)-.15 G .446(re not a)-2.946 F .688
(good idea, being an accident w)72 426 R .689
(aiting to happen \(making one \214lesystem will destro)-.1 F 3.189(yt)
-.1 G .689(he other o)-3.189 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rlapping).15 E 3.096
(\214lesystems\). The)72 438 R -.15(cy)3.096 G .595
(linders occupied by the 8 partitions for each dri).15 F .895 -.15(ve t)
-.25 H .595(ype are speci\214ed by the disk label).15 F
(read from the disk.)72 450 Q .22(If no label e)97 465.6 R .22
(xists the disk will not be bootable and while the k)-.15 F .22
(ernel attempts not to damage unlabeled)-.1 F .354(disks \(by sw)72
477.6 R .354(apping to or doing a crash dump on a li)-.1 F .654 -.15
(ve \214)-.25 H .353
(lesystem\) there is a chance that \214lesystem damage).15 F
(will result if a k)72 489.6 Q(ernel is loaded from an unlabeled disk.)
-.1 E .561(The standalone)97 505.2 R F2(disklabel)3.061 E F0 .561
(program is used to de\214ne the partition tables.)3.061 F .562
(Each partition may be used)5.562 F .487(either as a ra)72 517.2 R 2.987
(wd)-.15 G .487(ata area \(such as a sw)-2.987 F .486
(apping area\) or to store a UNIX \214le system.)-.1 F .486
(It is mandatory for the)5.486 F .332
(\214rst partition on a disk to start at sector of)72 529.2 R .333
(fset 0 because the 'a' partition is used to read and write the label)
-.25 F .624(\(which is at the be)72 541.2 R .624(ginning of the disk\).)
-.15 F .624(If the dri)5.624 F .924 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.124(st).15 G
3.124(ob)-3.124 G 3.124(eu)-3.124 G .623
(sed to bootstrap a UNIX system then the 'a')-3.124 F .325
(partition must be of type)72 553.2 R F2(2.11BSD)2.826 E F0 .326
(\(FS_V71K in)2.826 F F1(disklabel.h)2.826 E F0 2.826(\)a)C .326
(nd at least 4Mb is size.)-2.826 F 2.826(A')5.326 G .326
(b' partition of at)-2.826 F .846
(least 2-3Mb \(4Mb is a good choice if space is a)72 565.2 R -.25(va)-.2
G .846(ilable\) for sw).25 F .846(apping is also needed.)-.1 F .846
(If a dri)5.846 F 1.146 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.346(sb).15 G(eing)-3.346 E
.461(used solely for data then that dri)72 577.2 R .761 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
.461(eed not ha).15 F .761 -.15(ve a ')-.2 H .461(b' \(sw).15 F .461
(ap\) partition b)-.1 F .461(ut partition 'a' must still span the)-.2 F
.046(\214rst part of the disk.)72 589.2 R .046
(The second partition is used as a sw)5.046 F .046
(apping area, and the rest of the disk is di)-.1 F .045(vided into)-.25
F(spaces for additional `)72 601.2 Q(`mounted \214le systems')-.74 E 2.5
('b)-.74 G 2.5(yu)-2.5 G(se of one or more additional partitions.)-2.5 E
.32 LW 144 609.2 72 609.2 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 622.8 Q/F5 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Note:)5.176 E/F6 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .744
(that while a tape \214le consists of a single data stream, the distrib)
2.744 F .743(ution tape\(s\) ha)-.16 F .983 -.12(ve d)-.16 H .743
(ata structures in).12 F(these \214les.)82 632.8 Q
(Although the \214rst tape contains only 8 tape \214les, the)4 E 2(yc)
-.12 G(omprise se)-2 E -.12(ve)-.2 G(ral thousand UNIX \214les.).12 E F5
(Note:)82 644.6 Q F6 .258(The standalone tape dri)2.257 F .498 -.12
(ve u)-.2 H .258(nit number is specially encoded to specify both unit number and tape den-)
.12 F .037(sity \(BPI\).)82 654.6 R .037
(Most tape subsystems either automatically adjust to tape density or ha)
4.037 F .276 -.12(ve s)-.16 H .036(witches on the dri).12 F -.12(ve)-.2
G 2.036(st).12 G(o)-2.036 E .673
(force the density to a particular setting, b)82 664.6 R .673
(ut for those which don')-.16 F 2.673(tt)-.144 G .673(he follo)-2.673 F
.673(wing density select mechanisms)-.2 F .065(may be necessary)82 674.6
R 4.065(.T)-.52 G(he)-4.065 E F5(ts)2.065 E F6 .065(only operates at 1600BPI, so there is no special unit density encoding.)
2.065 F(The)4.064 E F5(ht)2.064 E F6(will)2.064 E .85
(operate at either 800BPI or 1600BPI.)82 684.6 R .851
(Units 0 through 3 corresponding to 800BPI, and Units 4 through 7)4.851
F .465(corresponding to 1600BPI on dri)82 694.6 R -.12(ve)-.2 G 2.465
(s0t).12 G .465(hrough 3 respecti)-2.465 F -.12(ve)-.2 G(ly).12 E 4.464
(.T)-.52 G .464(he standard DEC)-4.464 F F5(tm)2.464 E F6 .464
(only supports 800BPI)2.464 F .316(\(and hence can')82 704.6 R 2.316(tb)
-.144 G 2.316(eu)-2.316 G .316(sed with the 2.11BSD distrib)-2.316 F
.316(ution tape\), b)-.16 F .316(ut se)-.16 F -.12(ve)-.2 G .316
(ral widely used).12 F F5(tm)2.316 E F6 .316(emulators support)2.316 F
.541(1600BPI and e)82 714.6 R -.12(ve)-.2 G 2.541(n6).12 G 2.541
(250BPI. Units)-2.541 F 2.541(0t)2.541 G .541
(hrough 3 corresponding to 800BPI, Units 4 through 7 corresponding)
-2.541 F
(to 1600BPI, and Units 8 through 11 corresponding to 6250BPI on dri)82
724.6 Q -.12(ve)-.2 G 2(s0t).12 G(hrough 3 respecti)-2 E -.12(ve)-.2 G
(ly).12 E(.)-.52 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 6)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)179.51 E .599
(The third \('c'\) logical partition of each ph)97 84 R .599
(ysical disk also has a con)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .6
(ntional usage: it allo).15 F .6(ws access)-.25 F 1.145
(to the entire ph)72 96 R 1.145(ysical de)-.05 F 1.145
(vice, including the bad sector forw)-.25 F 1.145
(arding information recorded at the end of the)-.1 F .445
(disk \(one track plus 126 sectors\).)72 108 R .445
(It is occasionally used to store a single lar)5.445 F .446
(ge \214le system or to access the)-.18 F .221
(entire pack when making a cop)72 120 R 2.721(yo)-.1 G 2.721(fi)-2.721 G
2.721(to)-2.721 G 2.721(na)-2.721 G(nother)-2.721 E 5.221(.C)-.55 G .221
(are must be tak)-5.221 F .221(en when using this partition not to o)-.1
F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G(write the last fe)72 132 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G
(racks and thereby destro)-2.5 E(ying the bad sector information.)-.1 E
.533(Unfortunately while the dri)97 147.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .533
(rs can follo).15 F 3.033(wt)-.25 G .533(he rules abo)-3.033 F .833 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H .533(he entries in).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(/etc/disktab)3.033 E F0(\()3.034 E F1(disktab)A F0 .534(\(5\)\) do)
1.666 F 2.676(not. The)72 159.6 R .176(entries in)2.676 F F1
(/etc/disktab)2.676 E F0 .175(are translations of the old partition tables which used to be embedded in the)
2.676 F(de)72 171.6 Q .537(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .537
(rs and are thus probably not suitable for use without editing.).15 F
.538(In some cases it may be that the)5.537 F .094(8th \('h'\) partition is used for access to the entire disk rather than the third \('c'\) partition.)
72 183.6 R .094(Caution should be)5.094 F(observ)72 195.6 Q
(ed when using the)-.15 E F1(ne)2.5 E(wfs)-.15 E F0(\(8\) and)1.666 E F1
(disklabel)2.5 E F0(\(8\) commands.)1.666 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5
(4. UNIX)72 219.6 R(de)2.5 E(vices: block and raw)-.15 E F0 .835
(UNIX mak)97 235.2 R .835(es a distinction between `)-.1 F(`block')-.74
E 3.336('a)-.74 G .836(nd `)-3.336 F(`ra)-.74 E(w')-.15 E 3.336('\()-.74
G .836(character\) de)-3.336 F 3.336(vices. Each)-.25 F .836
(disk has a block)3.336 F(de)72 247.2 Q .28(vice interf)-.25 F .28
(ace where the system mak)-.1 F .28(es the de)-.1 F .279
(vice byte addressable and you can write a single byte in the)-.25 F
.585(middle of the disk.)72 259.2 R .585
(The system will read out the data from the disk sector)5.585 F 3.085
(,i)-.4 G .586(nsert the byte you g)-3.085 F -2.25 -.2(av e)-.05 H .586
(it and)3.286 F .632(put the modi\214ed data back.)72 271.2 R .632
(The disks with the names `)5.632 F(`/de)-.74 E(v/xx0a')-.25 E .632
(', etc are block de)-.74 F 3.131(vices. There)-.25 F .631(are also)
3.131 F(ra)72 283.2 Q 4.788(wd)-.15 G -.25(ev)-4.788 G 2.288(ices a).25
F -.25(va)-.2 G 4.788(ilable. These).25 F(ha)4.788 E 2.588 -.15(ve n)-.2
H 2.288(ames lik).15 F 4.789(e`)-.1 G(`/de)-5.529 E(v/rxx0a')-.25 E
2.289(', the `)-.74 F(`r')-.74 E 4.789('h)-.74 G 2.289
(ere standing for `)-4.789 F(`ra)-.74 E(w')-.15 E 4.789('. Ra)-.74 F(w)
-.15 E(de)72 295.2 Q .144(vices bypass the b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E .143
(fer cache and use DMA directly to/from the program')-.25 F 2.643(sI)
-.55 G .143(/O b)-2.643 F(uf)-.2 E .143(fers; the)-.25 F 2.643(ya)-.15 G
.143(re normally)-2.643 F .573(restricted to full-sector transfers.)72
307.2 R .573
(In the bootstrap procedures we will often suggest using the ra)5.573 F
3.074(wd)-.15 G -.25(ev)-3.074 G(ices,).25 E 1.27
(because these tend to w)72 319.2 R 1.27(ork f)-.1 F(aster)-.1 E 6.27
(.R)-.55 G 1.57 -.15(aw d)-6.27 H -.25(ev).15 G 1.27
(ices are used when making ne).25 F 3.77<778c>-.25 G 1.27
(lesystems, when checking)-3.77 F .196
(unmounted \214lesystems, or for cop)72 331.2 R .196
(ying quiescent \214lesystems.)-.1 F .196(The block de)5.196 F .196
(vices are used to mount \214le sys-)-.25 F
(tems, or when operating on a mounted \214lesystem such as the root.)72
343.2 Q -1.1(Yo)97 358.8 S 3.927(us)1.1 G 1.427(hould be a)-3.927 F -.1
(wa)-.15 G 1.426
(re that it is sometimes important whether to use the character de).1 F
1.426(vice \(for ef)-.25 F<8c2d>-.25 E(cienc)72 370.8 Q 1.608
(y\) or not \(because it w)-.15 F(ouldn')-.1 E 4.108(tw)-.18 G 1.609
(ork, e.g. to write a single byte in the middle of a sector\).)-4.208 F
(Don')6.609 E(t)-.18 E
(change the instructions by using the wrong type of de)72 382.8 Q
(vice indiscriminately)-.25 E(.)-.65 E 1.109(The standalone)97 398.4 R
F2(disklabel)3.609 E F0 1.108
(program must be used to alter the 'a' and 'b' partitions of a dri)3.609
F 1.408 -.15(ve b)-.25 H(eing).15 E .654(used for a bootable system.)72
410.4 R .655(This is because the k)5.654 F .655
(ernel will not permit an open partition to change size or)-.1 F(of)72
422.4 Q 2.5(fset. The)-.25 F(root and and sw)2.5 E(ap partitions are)-.1
E F2(always)2.5 E F0(open when the k)2.5 E(ernel is running.)-.1 E
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 7)177.84 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(2. BOO)205.914 84
Q(TSTRAP PR)-.48 E(OCEDURE)-.36 E F0 .054(This section e)97 123.6 R .054
(xplains the bootstrap procedure that can be used to get the k)-.15 F
.053(ernel supplied with this dis-)-.1 F(trib)72 135.6 Q .474
(ution running on your machine.)-.2 F .475(It is mandatory to do a full bootstrap since the \214lesystem has changed)
5.474 F(from 2.10.1BSD to 2.11BSD.)72 147.6 Q 1.657
(The safest route is to use)97 163.2 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tar)4.157
E F0 1.657(\(1\) to dump all of your current \214le systems, do a full bootstrap of)
1.666 F .942(2.11BSD and then restore user \214les from the backups.)72
175.2 R .943(There is also an untested v)5.943 F .943(ersion of)-.15 F
F2(512r)3.443 E(estor)-.37 E F0(\(8\))1.666 E -.2(av)72 187.2 S
(ailable for V7 sites that need to read old dump tapes.)-.05 E .933
(It is also desirable to mak)97 202.8 R 3.433(eac)-.1 G(on)-3.433 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G .933(nient cop).15 F 3.433(yo)-.1 G 3.433(fs)-3.433 G .933
(ystem con\214guration \214les for use as guides when)-3.433 F .533
(setting up the ne)72 214.8 R 3.033(ws)-.25 G .534
(ystem; the list of \214les to sa)-3.033 F .834 -.15(ve f)-.2 H .534
(rom earlier PDP-11 UNIX systems, found in chapter 3,).15 F
(may be used as a guideline.)72 226.8 Q(2.11BSD)97 242.4 Q F2 -.37(re)
4.049 G(stor).37 E F0 1.548(\(8\) is able to read and automatically con)
1.666 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.548(rt to the ne).15 F 4.048(wo)-.25 G 4.048(nd)
-4.048 G 1.548(isk directory format)-4.048 F F2(dump)72 254.4 Q F0
(\(8\) tapes made under 2.9BSD, 2.10BSD and 2.10.1BSD.)1.666 E/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(2.1. Booting)72 278.4 R(fr)2.5 E(om tape)-.18 E F0
(The tape bootstrap procedure used to create a w)97 294 Q
(orking system in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E(es the follo)-.15 E
(wing major steps:)-.25 E 14.17(1\) Load)72 309.6 R
(the tape bootstrap monitor)2.5 E(.)-.55 E 14.17(2\) Create)72 325.2 R
(the partition tables on the disk using)2.5 E F2(disklabel)2.5 E F0(.)A
14.17(3\) Create)72 340.8 R 2.5(aU)2.5 G(NIX `)-2.5 E(`root')-.74 E 2.5
<278c>-.74 G(le system system on disk using)-2.5 E F2(mkfs)2.5 E F0
(\(8\).)1.666 E 14.17(4\) Restore)72 356.4 R
(the full root \214le system using)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(stor).37 E F0
(\(8\).)1.666 E 14.17(5\) Boot)72 372 R .792(the UNIX system on the ne)
3.292 F 3.292(wr)-.25 G .792(oot \214le system and cop)-3.292 F 3.292
(yt)-.1 G .792(he appropriate)-3.292 F F2 .793(sector 0 boot bloc)3.292
F(k)-.2 E F0(to)3.293 E(your boot de)97 384 Q(vice.)-.25 E 14.17
(6\) Build)72 399.6 R(and restore the /usr \214le system from tape with)
2.5 E F2(tar)2.5 E F0(\(1\).)1.666 E 14.17(7\) Restore)72 415.2 R
(the include and k)2.5 E(ernel sources from tape.)-.1 E 14.17
(8\) Extract)72 430.8 R(the remaining source from the second tape.)2.5 E
14.17(9\) T)72 446.4 R(ailor a v)-.8 E
(ersion of UNIX to your speci\214c hardw)-.15 E
(are \(see section 4.2\).)-.1 E .911
(Certain of these steps are dependent on your hardw)97 462 R .911
(are con\214guration.)-.1 F .91(If your disks require format-)5.911 F
.323(ting, standard DEC diagnostic utilities will ha)72 474 R .623 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 2.823(ob).15 G 2.823(eu)-2.823 G .323(sed, the)-2.823 F
2.823(ya)-.15 G .323(re not supplied on the 2.11BSD distrib)-2.823 F(u-)
-.2 E(tion tape.)72 486 Q F3 2.5(2.1.1. Step)72 510 R
(1: loading the tape bootstrap monitor)2.5 E F0 2.647 -.8(To l)97 525.6
T 1.047(oad the tape bootstrap monitor).8 F 3.547<2c8c>-.4 G 1.046
(rst mount the magnetic tape on dri)-3.547 F 1.346 -.15(ve 0 a)-.25 H
3.546(tl).15 G 1.046(oad point, making)-3.546 F .089
(sure that the write ring is not inserted.)72 537.6 R .09
(Then use the normal bootstrap R)5.089 F .09
(OM, console monitor or other boot-)-.4 F(strap to boot from the tape.)
72 549.6 Q(NO)97 565.2 Q 1.054(TE: The boot blocks e)-.4 F 1.054(xpect the CSR of the booting controller in r0 and the unit number in r1.)
-.15 F F3(boot)72 577.2 Q F0 .311(may be booted from an)2.811 F 2.811
(yc)-.15 G .311(ontroller or unit, the earlier restrictions of controller 0 and unit 0 ha)
-2.811 F .612 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een).15 E(lifted.)72 589.2 Q .264
(If no other means are a)97 604.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .264
(ilable, the follo).25 F .263(wing code can be k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.263(ed in and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuted at \(say\) 0100000 to)
.15 F .199(boot from a TM tape dri)72 616.8 R .499 -.15(ve \()-.25 H .2
(the magic number 172526 is the address of the TM-11 current memory address)
.15 F(re)72 628.8 Q(gister; an adjustment may be necessary if your controller is at a nonstandard address\):)
-.15 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 8)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)179.51 E 12.5
(012700 \(mo)108 84 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(unit, r0\))-2.5 E 12.5
(000000 \(normally)108 96 R(unit 0\))2.5 E 12.5(012701 \(mo)108 108 R
2.5(v$)-.15 G(172526, r1\))-2.5 E(172526)108 120 Q 12.5(010141 \(mo)108
132 R 2.5(vr)-.15 G(1, -\(r1\)\))-2.5 E 12.5(012741 \(mo)108 144 R 2.5
(v$)-.15 G(60003, -\(r1\)\))-2.5 E 12.5(060003 \(if)108 156 R
(unit 1 use 060403, etc\))2.5 E 12.5(000777 \(br)108 168 R(.\))2.5 E 2.5
(At)72 192 S(oggle-in routine which has been used with a TS tape dri)
-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(this should be entered at 01000\):).15 E
12.5(012700 mo)108 216 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(unit,r0)-2.5 E(000000)108 228 Q
12.5(012701 mo)108 240 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(172522,r1)-2.5 E(172522)108 252 Q
12.5(005011 clr)108 264 R(\(r1\))2.5 E 12.5(105711 1b:tstb)108 276 R
(\(r1\))2.5 E 12.5(100376 bpl)108 288 R(1b)2.5 E 12.5(012761 mo)108 300
R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(setchr)-2.5 E(,-2\(r1\))-.4 E(001040)108 312 Q(177776)
108 324 Q 12.5(105711 2b:tstb)108 336 R(\(r1\))2.5 E 12.5(100376 bpl)108
348 R(2b)2.5 E 12.5(012761 mo)108 360 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(read,-2\(r1\))-2.5
E(001060)108 372 Q(177776)108 384 Q 12.5(000000 halt)108 396 R 12.5
(140004 setchr:)108 408 R(TS_A)2.5 E(CK|TS_CVC|TS_SETCHR)-.4 E 12.5
(001050 char)108 420 R 12.5(000000 high)108 432 R(order address)2.5 E
12.5(000010 number)108 444 R(of bytes)2.5 E 12.5(001070 char:)108 456 R
(status)2.5 E(000000)108 468 Q(000016)108 480 Q(000000)108 492 Q 12.5
(140001 read:)108 504 R(TS_A)2.5 E(CK|TS_CVC|TS_READ)-.4 E 12.5
(000000 lo)108 516 R 2.5(wo)-.25 G(rder of address)-2.5 E 12.5
(000000 high)108 528 R(order of address)2.5 E 12.5(001000 number)108 540
R(of bytes to read)2.5 E 12.5(000000 status:)108 552 R 1.053
(When this is e)72 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.053
(cuted, the \214rst block of the tape will be read into memory).15 F
6.053(.H)-.65 G 1.053(alt the CPU and restart at)-6.053 F .467
(location 0.)72 588 R .467(The re)5.467 F(gister)-.15 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF .467(r1 MUST)2.967 F F0 .467
(be left pointing at the de)2.967 F(vice)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(csr)2.968 E F0 5.468(.F)C .468(or the def)-5.618 F .468
(ault/\214rst TM or TS this is)-.1 F 2.5(0172522. The)72 600 R(re)2.5 E
(gister)-.15 E F1(r0 MUST)2.5 E F0
(contain the unit number \(usually 0\).)2.5 E(The console should type)97
615.6 Q F2(nn)108 633.6 Q F1(Boot fr)A(om)-.18 E F2(xx)2.5 E F1(\()A F2
(ctlr)A F1(,)A F2(drive)A F1(,)A F2(part)A F1 2.5(\)a)C(t)-2.5 E F2(csr)
2.5 E F1(:)108 645.6 Q F0(where)72 663.6 Q F2(nn)2.566 E F0 .066
(is the CPU type on which it belie)2.566 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(si).15 G
2.565(ti)-2.566 G 2.565(sr)-2.565 G 2.565(unning. The)-2.565 F -.25(va)
2.565 G .065(lue will be one of 23, 24, 40, 44, 45, 53,).25 F 2.084(60, 70, 73, 83, 84, 93 or 94 depending whether separate instruction and data \(separate I/D\) and/or a)
72 675.6 R(UNIB)72 687.6 Q .876(US map are detected.)-.1 F -.15(Fo)5.876
G 3.376(rK).15 G .876(DJ-11 systems the System Maintenance Re)-3.376 F
.875(gister is e)-.15 F .875(xamined to deter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E 1.139
(mine the cpu type.)72 699.6 R 1.14
(At present 2.11BSD runs on the 44, 53, 70, 73, 83, 84, 93 and 94)6.139
F F1(only)3.64 E F0 6.14(.I)C 3.64(tm)-6.14 G 1.14(ust be)-3.64 F
(emphasized that 2.11BSD requires separate I/D.)72 711.6 Q
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 9)177.84 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ctlr)72 84 Q F0
(is the controller number that)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Boot)2.5 E F0
-.1(wa)2.5 G 2.5(sl).1 G(oaded from.)-2.5 E
(It is 0 unless booting from a non-standard CSR.)5 E F1(drive)72 108 Q
F0(is the dri)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(nit number).15 E(.)-.55 E(The)72
132 Q F1(part)2.955 E F0 .454
(number is disk partition or tape\214le number booted from.)2.955 F .454
(This will al)5.454 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .454(ys be 0 for the tape).1 F F2
(Boot)2.954 E F0(program.)72 144 Q F1(csr)72 168 Q F0
(is an octal number telling the CSR of the controller from which)2.5 E
F2(Boot)2.5 E F0 -.1(wa)2.5 G 2.5(sl).1 G(oaded.)-2.5 E -1.1(Yo)97 195.6
S 3.033(ua)1.1 G .533(re no)-3.033 F 3.033(wt)-.25 G .533
(alking to the tape bootstrap monitor)-3.033 F 5.534(.A)-.55 G 3.034(ta)
-5.534 G .834 -.15(ny p)-3.034 H .534(oint in the follo).15 F .534
(wing procedure you can)-.25 F .546
(return to this section, reload the tape bootstrap, and restart.)72
207.6 R .545(Through the rest of this section, substitute the)5.545 F
(correct disk type for)72 219.6 Q F1(dk)2.5 E F0(and the tape type for)
2.5 E F1(tp)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 2.5(2.1.2. Step)72 243.6 R(2: cr)2.5 E
(eating the disk label)-.18 E F0(The standalone)97 259.2 Q F1(disklabel)
2.5 E F0(program is then run:)2.5 E F2(:)108 283.2 Q F1(tp)1.666 E F0
166.248(\(0,1\) \()1.666 F F1(disklabel)A F0(is tape \214le 1\))2.5 E F2
(Boot: bootde)108 295.2 Q(v=0nnnn bootcsr=0mmmmmm)-.15 E(disklabel)108
307.2 Q(Disk?)108 319.2 Q F1(dk)2.5 E F0 142.634(\(0,0\) \(dri)1.666 F
.3 -.15(ve 0)-.25 H 2.5(,p).15 G(artition 0\))-2.5 E(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)
108 331.2 Q(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)-.1 E(...)110.5 343.2
Q F2(:)108 355.2 Q F0(\(back at tape boot le)199.02 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(l\)).15 E(The)72 379.2 Q F1(disklabel)3.287 E F0 .787
(program is meant to be f)3.287 F .788(airly intuiti)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 5.788(.W).15 G .788(hen prompted with a line of choices entering the)
-5.788 F -.1(ke)72 391.2 S 2.5(yj)-.05 G
(ust before the left parenthesis selects the entry)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .301
(If there is an e)97 406.8 R .3(xisting label present on)-.15 F F1(dk)
2.8 E F0 .3(\(0,0\) it will be used as the def)1.666 F 2.8(ault. T)-.1 F
2.8(oh)-.8 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.8 H F1(disklabel)3 E F0(create)2.8 E 2.5
(an)72 418.8 S .5 -.25(ew d)-2.5 H(ef).25 E
(ault based on its idea of what the dri)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.5
(ss).15 G(elect)-2.5 E F2(D)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hen enter)-5 E F2(m)2.5 E F0
(to modify/edit the label.)2.5 E 1.986(The MSCP dri)97 434.4 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 4.486(ri).15 G 4.486(sq)-4.486 G 1.986
(uite good at identifying dri)-4.486 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.486(sb).15 G
1.986(ecause it can query the controller)-4.486 F 6.986(.O)-.55 G(ther)
-6.986 E(dri)72 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .273(rs \(notably the SMD \().15
F F2(xp)A F0 2.772(\)d)C(ri)-2.772 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .272(r\) ha).15 F
.572 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.772(od).15 G .272
(eal with a much wider range of controllers which do not all)-2.772 F
(ha)72 458.4 Q 1.807 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.507(he same capabilities for dri)
.15 F 1.807 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 4.007(denti\214cation. When).15 F 1.507
(dealing with SMD dri)4.007 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.008(sy).15 G 1.508
(ou must kno)-4.008 F 4.008(wt)-.25 G(he)-4.008 E(geometry of the dri)72
470.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.5(oy).15 G(ou can v)-2.5 E 2.5(erify and)
-.15 F(correct)2.5 E F1(disklabel)2.5 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D(hoices.).55 E
-1.1(Yo)97 486 S 3.483(uc)1.1 G .983(an ho)-3.483 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.782 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.482(fu).4 G .982
(sing non-DEC SMD controllers, mak)-3.482 F 3.482(et)-.1 G .982
(hings easy for)-3.482 F F1(disklabel)3.482 E F0 .982(to determine)3.482
F .336(what type of dri)72 498 R .636 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.836(sb).15 G
.336(eing used.)-2.836 F .336(If your controller of)5.336 F .336
(fers the choice of RM02 emulation you should select)-.25 F .43
(that choice.)72 510 R .43(The standalone)5.43 F F2(xp)2.93 E F0(dri)
2.93 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.93(ru).15 G .43
(ses RM02 as the indication that dri)-2.93 F .73 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .43
(denti\214cation capabilities not).15 F(of)72 522 Q .699
(fered by DEC controllers are present.)-.25 F .699(The dri)5.699 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.199(rw).15 G .7
(ill be able to determine the geometry of the dri)-3.199 F 1 -.15(ve i)
-.25 H(n).15 E 1.822(this case.)72 534 R 1.822(This is)9.322 F F2
(optional)4.322 E F0 1.822(because you can e)4.322 F 1.822
(xplicitly specify all of the parameters to the standalone)-.15 F F1
(disklabel)72 546 Q F0(program.)2.5 E 2.5(Af)97 561.6 S
(ull description of the standalone)-2.5 E F1(disklabel)2.5 E F0
(program is in Appendix B of this document.)2.5 E F2 2.5(2.1.3. Step)72
585.6 R(3: cr)2.5 E(eating a UNIX `)-.18 E(`r)-.63 E(oot')-.18 E 2.5
<278c>-.63 G(le system)-2.5 E F0(No)97 601.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G
(reate the root \214le system using the follo)-2.5 E(wing procedure.)
-.25 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 1.015
(The size of the root \('a'\) \214lesystem w)97 616.8 R 1.015
(as assigned in step 2 \(creating the disk label\).)-.1 F F1(mkfs)6.015
E F0 1.015(will not)3.515 F(allo)72 628.8 Q 2.564(wa\214)-.25 G .064(lesystem to be created if there is not a label present or if the partition size is 0.)
-2.564 F F1(mkfs)5.065 E F0 .065(looks at parti-)2.565 F
(tion 0 \('a'\) in the disklabel for the root \214le system size.)72
640.8 Q .32 LW 144 656.4 72 656.4 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 670 Q/F5 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Note:)5.176 E/F6 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .362
(These instructions ha)2.362 F .602 -.12(ve c)-.16 H .362
(hanged quite a bit during the e).12 F -.16(vo)-.2 G .362
(lution of the system from 2.10.1BSD.).16 F(Pre-)4.362 E(viously)82 680
Q 2.05(,i)-.52 G 2.05(ft)-2.05 G .049
(he disk on which you are creating a root \214le system w)-2.05 F .049
(as an)-.08 F F5(xp)2.049 E F6 .049(disk you w)2.049 F .049(ould ha)-.08
F .289 -.12(ve b)-.16 H .049(een ask).12 F .049(ed to)-.08 F .467
(check the dri)82 690 R .707 -.12(ve t)-.2 H .467(ype re).12 F .467(gister and possibly halt the processor to patch a location \(hopefully before the dri)
-.12 F -.12(ve)-.2 G(r).12 E .23(accessed the dri)82 700 R -.12(ve)-.2 G
(\).).12 E F5 .23(This is no longer needed)4.23 F F6 4.23(.A)C .23
(ll geometry and partition information is obtained from the)-4.23 F .426
(disklabel created in step 2.)82 710 R 1.706 -.64(We a)4.426 H .426
(lso used to gi).64 F .666 -.12(ve t)-.2 H .426(ables of).12 F F5(m)
2.426 E F6(and)2.426 E F5(n)2.426 E F6 -.2(va)2.426 G .427(lues for v).2
F .427(arious disks, which are no)-.2 F(w)-.2 E(purposely omitted.)82
720 Q F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 10)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E(Finally)97 84 Q
4.748(,d)-.65 G 2.247(etermine the proper interlea)-4.748 F 2.247
(ving f)-.2 F(actors)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(m)4.747 E F0(and)
4.747 E F1(n)4.747 E F0 2.247(for your disk.)4.747 F(Extensi)7.247 E
2.547 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.247(esting has).15 F .338
(demonstrated that the choice of)72 96 R F1(m)2.838 E F0 .338
(is non critical \(performance of a \214le system v)2.838 F .339
(arying only by 3 to 4% for)-.25 F 3.186(aw)72 108 S .686(ide range of)
-3.186 F F1(m)3.186 E F0 -.25(va)3.186 G 3.185(lues\). V).25 F .685
(alues for)-1.11 F F1(m)3.185 E F0 .685(within the range from)3.185 F
3.185(2t)5.685 G 3.185(o5g)-3.185 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.185 H .685
(almost identical performance.)3.435 F(Increasing)72 120 Q F1(m)3.956 E
F0 1.456(too much actually causes de)3.956 F 1.456
(graded performance because the free blocks are too f)-.15 F 1.456
(ar apart.)-.1 F(Slo)72 132 Q .558
(wer processors \(such as the 73 and 44\) may w)-.25 F .557
(ant to start with a)-.1 F F1(m)3.057 E F0 .557(of 3 or 4, f)3.057 F
.557(aster processors \(such as)-.1 F .945
(the 70 and 84\) may start with a)72 144 R F1(m)3.445 E F0 .946
(of 2 or 3.)3.446 F .946(On the other hand, the)5.946 F F1(n)3.446 E F0
-.25(va)3.446 G .946(lue is moderately important.).25 F(It)5.946 E .242
(should be the number of \214lesystem blocks contained by one c)72 156 R
.242(ylinder of the disk, calculated by di)-.15 F .241(viding the)-.25 F
.033(number of sectors per c)72 168 R .033(ylinder by 2, rounding do)
-.15 F .033(wn if needed.)-.25 F .033(\(This is what)5.033 F F1(mkfs)
2.533 E F0 .033(does by def)2.533 F .034(ault, based on)-.1 F .084
(the geometry information in the disk label.\))72 180 R .083
(These numbers determine the layout of the free list that will be)5.083
F(constructed; the proper interlea)72 192 Q
(ving will help increase the speed of the \214le system.)-.2 E .327
(The number of bytes per inode determines ho)97 207.6 R 2.827(wm)-.25 G
(an)-2.827 E 2.827(yi)-.15 G .327
(nodes will be allocated in the \214lesystem.)-2.827 F(The)5.327 E(def)
72 219.6 Q .52(ault of 4096 bytes per inode is normally enough \(resulting in about 2000 inodes for a 8mb root \214lesys-)
-.1 F .237(tem and 1000 inodes for the 4mb distrib)72 231.6 R .237
(ution `)-.2 F(`generic')-.74 E 2.737('r)-.74 G .237
(oot \214lesystem\).)-2.737 F .237(If more inodes are desired then a)
5.237 F(lo)72 243.6 Q(wer v)-.25 E(alue \(perhaps 3072\) should be speci\214ed when prompted for the number of bytes per inode.)
-.25 E .823(Then run the standalone v)97 259.2 R .823(ersion of the)-.15
F F1(mkfs)3.322 E F0 .822(\(8\) program.)3.322 F .822(The v)5.822 F .822
(alues in square brack)-.25 F .822(ets at the size)-.1 F .613
(prompt is the def)72 271.2 R .613(ault from the disklabel.)-.1 F .613
(Simply hit a return to accept the def)5.613 F(ault.)-.1 E F1(mkfs)5.613
E F0 .614(will allo)3.113 F 3.114(wy)-.25 G .614(ou to)-3.114 F .251
(create a smaller \214lesystem b)72 283.2 R .251
(ut you can not enter a lar)-.2 F .25(ger number than the one in brack)
-.18 F 2.75(ets. In)-.1 F .25(the follo)2.75 F(wing)-.25 E
(procedure, substitute the correct types for)72 295.2 Q F1(tp)2.5 E F0
(and)2.5 E F1(dk)2.5 E F0(and the size determined abo)2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve f)-.15 H(or).15 E F1(size)2.5 E F0(:)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)108
319.2 Q F1(tp)1.666 E F0 166.248(\(0,2\) \()1.666 F F1(mkfs)A F0
(is tape \214le 2\))2.5 E F2(Boot: bootde)108 331.2 Q
(v=0nnnn bootcsr=0mmmmmm)-.15 E(Mkfs)108 343.2 Q(\214le system:)108
355.2 Q F1(dk)2.5 E F0 119.594(\(0,0\) \(root)1.666 F
(is the \214rst \214le system on dri)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve 0)-.25 H(\)).15 E
F2(\214le system size:)108 367.2 Q F0([NNNN])2.5 E F1(size)2.5 E F0
(\(count of 1024 byte blocks in root\))81.27 E F2(bytes per inode:)108
379.2 Q F0([4096])2.5 E F1(bytes)2.5 E F0(\(number of bytes per inode\))
81.81 E F2(interlea)108 391.2 Q(ving factor \(m, 2 default\):)-.25 E F1
(m)2.5 E F0(\(interlea)50.41 E(ving, see abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15
E F2(interlea)108 403.2 Q(ving modulus \(n, 127 default\):)-.25 E F1(n)
2.5 E F0(\(interlea)34.26 E(ving, see abo)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
F2(isize = XX)108 415.2 Q F0(\(count of inodes in root \214le system\))
158.88 E F2(m/n =)108 427.2 Q F1 2.5(mn)2.5 G F0(\(interlea)157.76 E .3
-.15(ve p)-.2 H(arameters\)).15 E F2(Exit called)108 439.2 Q F1(nn)108
451.2 Q F2(Boot)A(:)108 463.2 Q F0(\(back at tape boot le)199.02 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l\)).15 E .847(The number)72 499.2 R F2(nnnn)3.347 E F0 .848
(is the de)3.348 F .848(vice number of the de)-.25 F .848
(vice \(high byte is the major de)-.25 F .848(vice number and the lo)
-.25 F(w)-.25 E .837(byte is the unit number\).)72 511.2 R(The)5.837 E
F2(mmmmmm)3.337 E F0 .837(number is the CSR of the de)3.337 F 3.337
(vice. This)-.25 F .837(information is mainly)3.337 F
(used as a reminder and diagnostic/testing purposes.)72 523.2 Q -1.1(Yo)
72 547.2 S 2.5(un)1.1 G .5 -.25(ow h)-2.5 H -2.25 -.2(av e).25 H
(an empty UNIX root \214le system.)2.7 E F2 2.5(2.1.4. Step)72 571.2 R
(4: r)2.5 E(estoring the r)-.18 E(oot \214le system)-.18 E F0 1.6 -.8
(To r)97 586.8 T(estore the root \214le system onto it, type).8 E
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 11)172.84 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)108 84 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(tp)1.666 E F0 166.248(\(0,3\) \()1.666 F F2 -.37(re)C
(stor).37 E F0(is tape \214le 3\))2.5 E F1(Boot: bootde)108 96 Q
(v=0nnnn bootcsr=0mmmmmm)-.15 E(Restor)108 108 Q -.92(Ta)108 120 S(pe?)
.92 E F2(tp)2.5 E F0 142.994(\(0,5\) \(root)1.666 F F2(dump)2.5 E F0
(is tape \214le 5\))2.5 E F1(Disk?)108 132 Q F2(dk)2.5 E F0 142.634
(\(0,0\) \(into)1.666 F(root \214le system\))2.5 E F1(Last chance bef)
108 144 Q(or)-.25 E 2.5(es)-.18 G(crib)-2.5 E(bling on disk.)-.1 E F0
(\(type a carriage return to start\))41.2 E F1("End of tape")108 156 Q
F0(\(appears on same line as message abo)141.8 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
F1(Exit called)108 168 Q F2(nn)108 180 Q F1(Boot)A(:)108 192 Q F0
(\(back at tape boot le)199.02 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l\)).15 E(This tak)108
222 Q
(es about 8 minutes with a TZ30 on a 11/93 and about 15 minutes using)
-.1 E 2.5(aT)108 234 S(K50 on a 11/73.)-2.5 E .517
(If you wish, you may use the)72 252 R F2(ic)3.018 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E
F0 .518(program on the tape,)3.018 F F2(tp)3.018 E F0 .518
(\(0,4\), to check the consistenc)1.666 F 3.018(yo)-.15 G 3.018(ft)
-3.018 G .518(he \214le sys-)-3.018 F(tem you ha)72 264 Q .3 -.15(ve j)
-.2 H(ust installed.).15 E
(This has rarely been useful and is mostly for the v)5 E -.1(oy)-.2 G
(euristic.).1 E F1 2.5(2.1.5. Step)72 288 R(5: booting UNIX)2.5 E F0
-1.1(Yo)97 303.6 S 2.5(ua)1.1 G(re no)-2.5 E 2.5(wr)-.25 G
(eady to boot from disk.)-2.5 E -.8(Ty)5 G(pe:).8 E F1(:)108 327.6 Q F2
(dk)A F0 148.474(\(0,0\)unix \(bring)1.666 F
(in unix from the root system\))2.5 E F1(Boot: bootde)108 339.6 Q
(v=0nnnn bootcsr=0mmmmmm)-.15 E F0 .314(The standalone boot program will then load unix from the root \214le system you just created, and the system)
72 363.6 R(should boot:)72 375.6 Q F1(2.11BSD BSD UNIX #1: Sat J)108
393.6 Q(ul 4 01:33:03 PDT 1992)-.15 E -.18(ro)118 405.6 S
(ot@wlonex.iipo.gtegsc.com:/usr/sr).18 E(c/sys/GENERIC)-.18 E(ph)108
417.6 Q(ys mem)-.15 E(=)5 E F2(???)2.5 E F1 -2.1 -.25(av a)108 429.6 T
(il mem =).25 E F2(???)2.5 E F1(user mem)108 441.6 Q(=)5 E F2(???)2.5 E
F1(con\214gur)108 465.6 Q 2.5(es)-.18 G(ystem)-2.5 E F2
(... information about available de)108 477.6 Q(vices ...)-.15 E F0
(\(Information about v)108 489.6 Q(arious de)-.25 E(vices will print;)
-.25 E(most of them will probably not be found until)108 501.6 Q
(the addresses are set belo)108 513.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E F1
(erase=^?, kill=^U)108 525.6 Q 2.5(,i)-.5 G(ntr=^C)-2.5 E(#)108 537.6 Q
F0 .03(UNIX itself then runs for the \214rst time and be)97 559.2 R .03
(gins by printing out a banner identifying the release and)-.15 F -.15
(ve)72 571.2 S
(rsion of the system that is in use and the date that it w).15 E
(as compiled.)-.1 E(Ne)97 586.8 Q .418(xt the)-.15 F F2(mem)2.918 E F0
.418(messages gi)2.918 F .718 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .418
(he amount of real \(ph).15 F .417(ysical\) memory)-.05 F 2.917(,t)-.65
G .417(he amount of memory left o)-2.917 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E .052
(after the system has allocated v)72 598.8 R .053
(arious data structures, and the amount of memory a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G
.053(ilable to user programs).25 F(in bytes.)72 610.8 Q 2.485
(The information about dif)97 626.4 R 2.485(ferent de)-.25 F 2.485
(vices being attached or not being found is produced by the)-.25 F F2
(autocon\214g)72 638.4 Q F0 .554(\(8\) program.)1.666 F .555
(Most of this is not important for the moment, b)5.554 F .555
(ut later the de)-.2 F .555(vice table,)-.25 F F2(/etc/dtab)3.055 E F0
(,)A .116(can be edited to correspond to your hardw)72 650.4 R 2.616
(are. Ho)-.1 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .916 -.4(r, t).15 H .116
(he tape dri).4 F .415 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.615(ft).15 G .115
(he correct type should ha)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een).15 E
(detected and attached.)72 662.4 Q .66(The `)97 678 R .66(`erase ...)
-.74 F 2.14 -.74('' m)-.7 H .66(essage is part of /.pro\214le that w).74
F .66(as e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .66
(cuted by the root shell when it started.).15 F(This)5.66 E .087(message is present to remind you that the character erase, line erase, and interrupt characters are set to what)
72 690 R .378(is standard for DEC systems; this insures that things are consistent with the DEC console interf)
72 702 R .379(ace charac-)-.1 F(ters.)72 714 Q(27 October 1997)254.395
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 12)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E 1.486
(UNIX is no)97 84 R 3.986(wr)-.25 G 1.486(unning single user on the installed root \214le system, and the `UNIX Programmer')
-3.986 F(s)-.55 E .414(Manual' applies.)72 96 R .414(The ne)5.414 F .414
(xt section tells ho)-.15 F 2.914(wt)-.25 G 2.914(oc)-2.914 G .414
(omplete the installation of distrib)-2.914 F .415(uted softw)-.2 F .415
(are on the /usr)-.1 F 1.162(\214le system.)72 108 R 1.162
(The `#' is the prompt from the shell, and lets you kno)6.162 F 3.661
(wt)-.25 G 1.161(hat you are the super)-3.661 F(-user)-.2 E 3.661(,w)-.4
G(hose)-3.661 E(login name is `)72 120 Q(`root')-.74 E('.)-.74 E .572
(The disk with the ne)97 135.6 R 3.072(wr)-.25 G .572(oot \214le system on it will not be bootable directly until the block 0 bootstrap)
-3.072 F .523(program for your disk has been installed.)72 147.6 R .522
(There are copies of the bootstraps in /mdec.)5.523 F(Use)5.522 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(dd)3.022 E F0 .522(\(1\) to cop)1.666 F(y)-.1 E
(the right boot block onto block 0 of the disk.)72 159.6 Q/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 177.6 Q F0(dd if=/mdec/)2.5 E F1(boot)A F0
(of=/de)2.5 E(v/r)-.25 E F1(dk)A F0(0a count=1).833 E
(Block zero bootstraps and the de)72 195.6 Q(vices the)-.25 E 2.5(ys)
-.15 G(upport are:)-2.5 E 38.61(boot dri)108 219.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 15
(rd).15 G -.25(ev)-15 G(ices).25 E .4 LW 433.42 224.1 108 224.1 DL 23.61
(hkuboot hk)108 233.6 R(RK06/07)28.48 E 25.84(rauboot ra)108 245.6 R
(All RA, RD, RZ, RX \(e)30.71 E(xcept RX01,02\) and RC25 dri)-.15 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E 25.28(rkuboot rk)108 257.6 R(RK05)30.15 E 27.5
(rluboot rl)108 269.6 R(RL01/02)32.37 E 16.94(si95uboot si)108 281.6 R
(SI 9500, CDC 9766)31.81 E 13.61(dvhpuboot xp)108 293.6 R(Di)28.48 E .5
-.25(va C)-.25 H(omp V).25 E 2.5(,A)-1.29 G(mpe)-2.5 E 2.5(x9)-.15 G
(300)-2.5 E 23.61(hpuboot xp)108 305.6 R(RP04/05/06)28.48 E 12.5
(rm03uboot xp)108 317.6 R(RM03)28.48 E 12.5(rm05uboot xp)108 329.6 R
(RM05 or SI 9500, CDC 9766)28.48 E 16.94(si51uboot xp)108 341.6 R
(SI 6100, Fujitsu Eagle 2351A)28.48 E 16.94(si94uboot xp)108 353.6 R
(Emule)28.48 E 2.5(xS)-.15 G(C01B/SC03B or SI 9400, Fujitsu 160)-2.5 E
F2(NO)72 377.6 Q(TE:)-.4 E F0 .566(If none of the abo)3.066 F .866 -.15
(ve a)-.15 H .566(re correct \(most lik).15 F .566(ely with a SMD dri)
-.1 F .866 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .566(ith dif).15 F .567
(fering geometry\) then you)-.25 F .274(will ha)72 389.6 R .574 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 2.774(ou).15 G .273(se a tape/\215opp)-2.774 F 2.773(yb)-.1
G .273(oot proceedure rather than a sector 0 bootblock.)-2.773 F .273
(This can be \214x)5.273 F .273(ed by creat-)-.15 F
(ing a customized sector 0 boot program once the system sources ha)72
401.6 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een loaded.).15 E .684
(Once this is done, booting from this disk will load and e)97 417.2 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .685(cute the block 0 bootstrap, which will in).15 F
(turn load /boot.)72 429.2 Q F2(/boot)5 E F0(will print on the console:)
2.5 E F1(nn)108 453.2 Q F2(Boot fr)A(om)-.18 E F1(dk)2.5 E F2(\()A F1
(ctlr)A F2(,)A F1(unit)A F2(,)A F1(part)A F2 2.5(\)a)C(t)-2.5 E F1(csr)
2.5 E F0(:)108 465.2 Q .543
(The bootblock automatically loads and runs /)72 489.2 R F1(boot)A F0
.543(for you; if /)3.043 F F1(boot)A F0 .543
(is not found, the system will hang/loop)3.043 F(fore)72 501.2 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.983 -.55(r. T).15 H .383(he block 0 program is v).55 F .383
(ery small \(has to \214t in 512 bytes\) and simple program, ho)-.15 F
(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.184 -.4(r, a).15 H .384(nd can).4 F .126
(only boot the second-stage boot from the \214rst \214le system.)72
513.2 R .126(Once /boot is running and prints its `)5.126 F .125(`: ')
-.74 F 2.625('p)-.74 G(rompt,)-2.625 E(boot unix as abo)72 525.2 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(As distrib)97 540.8 Q(uted /)-.2 E F1(boot)A F0
(will load)2.5 E F1(dk)2.5 E F0(\(0,0\)unix by def)A
(ault if a carriage return is typed at the)-.1 E F2(:)2.5 E F0(prompt.)
2.5 E F2(NO)97 556.4 Q(TE:)-.4 E F0 .709(NONE the primary bootstraps ha)
3.209 F 1.009 -.15(ve a p)-.2 H .709
(rompt or alternate program name capability because).15 F
(of space considerations.)72 568.4 Q
(No diagnostic message results if the \214le cannot be found.)5 E F2 2.5
(2.1.6. Step)72 592.4 R(6: setting up the /usr \214le system)2.5 E F0
.108(First set a shell v)97 608 R .108
(ariable to the name of your disk, so the commands used later will w)
-.25 F .107(ork re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .107(rdless of).05 F
(the disk you ha)72 620 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(;d).15 G 2.5(oo)-2.5 G
(ne of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2(#)108 644 Q F0 12.5
(disk=hk \(if)2.5 F(you ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve R)-.2 H(K06').15 E 2.5(so)
-.55 G 2.5(rR)-2.5 G(K07')-2.5 E(s\))-.55 E F2(#)108 656 Q F0 16.39
(disk=rl \(if)2.5 F(you ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve R)-.2 H(L01').15 E 2.5(so)
-.55 G 2.5(rR)-2.5 G(L02')-2.5 E(s\))-.55 E F2(#)108 668 Q F0 14.73
(disk=ra \(if)2.5 F(you ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.5(nM).15 G
(SCP dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(\)).15 E F2(#)108 680 Q F0 12.5
(disk=xp \(if)2.5 F(you ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.5(nR).15 G
(P06, RM03, RM05, or other SMD dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(\)).15 E .027
(The ne)97 707.6 R .027(xt thing to do is to e)-.15 F .028
(xtract the rest of the data from the tape.)-.15 F -1.1(Yo)5.028 G 2.528
(um)1.1 G .028(ight wish to re)-2.528 F(vie)-.25 E 2.528(wt)-.25 G .028
(he disk)-2.528 F .41(con\214guration information in section 4.3 before continuing; you will ha)
72 719.6 R .71 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.91(os).15 G .41
(elect a partition to restore the)-2.91 F .028
(/usr \214le system into which is at least)72 731.6 R F2(25)2.528 E F0
(Me)2.528 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .028
(bytes in size \(this is just barely enough for the system binaries).05
F(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 13)172.84 E(and such and lea)72 84 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.5(sn).15 G 2.5(or)-2.5 G(oom for the system source.\))-2.5 E/F1 10
/Symbol SF<ad>A F0(In the command belo)97 99.6 Q(w)-.25 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(part)2.5 E F0
(is the partition name \(a-h\) for the partition which will hold /usr)
2.5 E(.)-.55 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(name=${disk}0${part})108 123.6 Q F0
(Ne)72 147.6 Q .573(xt, \214nd the tape you ha)-.15 F .873 -.15(ve i)-.2
H 3.073(nt).15 G .573(he follo)-3.073 F .573(wing table and e)-.25 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .572(cute the commands in the right hand portion of).15 F
(the table:)72 159.6 Q(DEC TM02/03, TE16/TU45/TU77)108 183.6 Q F3(#)15 E
F0(cd /de)2.5 E(v; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV ht0; sync)-.25 E
(DEC TS11, TK25/TU80/TS05)108 195.6 Q F3(#)31.66 E F0(cd /de)2.5 E
(v; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV ts0; sync)-.25 E(DEC TM11, TU10/TE10/TS03)108
207.6 Q F3(#)29.44 E F0(cd /de)2.5 E(v; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV tm0; sync)
-.25 E(DEC TMSCP)108 219.6 Q 2.5(,T)-1.11 G(K50/TZ30/TU81)-2.5 E F3(#)
21.1 E F0(cd /de)2.5 E(v; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV tu0; sync)-.25 E
(EMULEX TC11)108 231.6 Q F3(#)87.78 E F0(cd /de)2.5 E
(v; rm *mt*; ./MAKEDEV tm0; sync)-.25 E(Then e)72 255.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cute the follo).15 E(wing commands:)-.25 E F3(#)108 291.6 Q F0(date)2.5
E F2(yymmddhhmm)2.5 E F0(\(set date, see)113.36 E F2(date)2.5 E F0
(\(1\)\))1.666 E(....)108 303.6 Q F3(#)108 315.6 Q F0(passwd root)2.5 E
(\(set passw)142.23 E(ord for super)-.1 E(-user\))-.2 E F3(New passw)108
327.6 Q(ord:)-.1 E F0(\(passw)132.61 E(ord will not echo\))-.1 E F3
(Retype new passw)108 339.6 Q(ord:)-.1 E(#)108 351.6 Q F0(hostname)2.5 E
F2(mysitename)2.5 E F0(\(set your hostname\))102.24 E F3(#)108 363.6 Q
F0(ne)2.5 E(wfs ${name})-.25 E(\(create empty user \214le system\))
127.89 E(\(this tak)108 375.6 Q(es a minute\))-.1 E F3(#)108 387.6 Q F0
(mount /de)2.5 E(v/${name} /usr)-.25 E(\(mount the usr \214le system\))
88.71 E F3(#)108 399.6 Q F0(cd /usr)2.5 E(\(mak)163.34 E 2.5(e/)-.1 G
(usr the current directory\))-2.5 E F3(#)108 411.6 Q F0(mt re)2.5 E(w)
-.25 E F3(#)108 423.6 Q F0(mt fsf 6)2.5 E F3(#)108 435.6 Q F0
(tar xpbf 20 /de)2.5 E 97.76(v/rmt12 \(e)-.25 F(xtract all of usr e)-.15
E(xcept usr/src\))-.15 E(\(this tak)108 447.6 Q
(es about 15-20 minutes e)-.1 E(xcept for the)-.15 E
(TK50 and TZ30 which are)108 459.6 Q F3(much)2.5 E F0(slo)2.5 E(wer\))
-.25 E 1.532(The data on the se)72 483.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.532
(nth tape \214le has no).15 F 4.032(wb)-.25 G 1.532(een e)-4.032 F 4.032
(xtracted. All)-.15 F 1.532(that remains on the \214rst tape is a small)
4.032 F(archi)72 495.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ontaining source for the k)
.15 E(ernel and include \214les.)-.1 E .005(If you ha)97 511.2 R .305
-.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.505(ne).15 G .005(xisting/old passw)-2.655 F .004
(ord \214le to be mer)-.1 F .004
(ged back into 2.11BSD, special steps are necessary)-.18 F .983(to con)
72 523.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .983(rt the old passw).15 F .983
(ord \214le to the shado)-.1 F 3.483(wp)-.25 G(assw)-3.483 E .983
(ord \214le format \(shado)-.1 F 3.483(wp)-.25 G(assw)-3.483 E .984
(ord \214le and passw)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E
(aging were ported from 4.3BSD and are standard in 2.11BSD \).)72 535.2
Q .32 LW 144 666.4 72 666.4 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 680 Q/F5 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Note:)5.176 E/F6 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(Pre)3.116 E 1.116
(viously a length)-.2 F 3.116(yt)-.04 G 1.116
(able of partition names or)-3.116 F -.04(ga)-.144 G 1.116
(nized by speci\214c disk type w).04 F 1.116(as gi)-.08 F -.12(ve)-.2 G
3.116(n. W).12 F 1.116(ith the)-.32 F .649(introduction of disklabels this is no longer necessary \(or possible since each site can select whate)
82 690 R -.12(ve)-.2 G 2.649(rp).12 G(arti-)-2.649 E .459
(tioning scheme the)82 700 R 2.459(yd)-.12 G 2.459(esire\). In)-2.459 F
.459(step 2 \(creating the disklabel\) a partition should ha)2.459 F
.699 -.12(ve b)-.16 H .458(een created for).12 F/F7 8/Times-Italic@0 SF
(/usr)2.458 E F6(.)A .402(If this w)82 710 R .402
(as not done then it may be easier to perform step 2 no)-.08 F 2.403(wt)
-.2 G .403(han to use the more comple)-2.403 F(x)-.12 E F7(disklabel)
2.403 E F6(\(8\))1.333 E(program and)82 720 Q F7(ed)2 E F6(\(1\).)1.333
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 14)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 84 Q F0(mt -f /de)2.5 E(v/rmt12 fsf)-.25 E
(\(position tape at be)90.53 E(ginning of ne)-.15 E(xt tape \214le\))
-.15 E F1(#)108 96 Q F0(mkdir src)2.5 E(\(mak)131.39 E 2.5(ed)-.1 G
(irectory for source\))-2.5 E F1(#)108 108 Q F0(cd src)2.5 E(\(mak)
145.84 E 2.5(e/)-.1 G(usr/src the current directory\))-2.5 E F1(#)108
120 Q F0(tar xpbf 20 /de)2.5 E 76.92(v/rmt12 \(e)-.25 F
(xtract the system and include source\))-.15 E(\(this tak)108 132 Q
(es about 5-10 minutes\))-.1 E F1(#)108 144 Q F0(cd /)2.5 E
(\(back to root\))154.72 E F1(#)108 156 Q F0(chmod 755)2.5 E 5(//)5 G
2.5(usr /usr/src)-5 F(/usr/src/sys)2.5 E F1(#)108 168 Q F0(rm \255f sys)
2.5 E F1(#)108 180 Q F0(ln \255s usr/src/sys sys)2.5 E(\(mak)89.63 E 2.5
(eas)-.1 G(ymbolic link to the system source\))-2.5 E F1(#)108 192 Q F0
(umount /de)2.5 E 77.87(v/${name} \(unmount)-.25 F(/usr\))2.5 E .081
(The \214rst tape has been been completely loaded.)97 219.6 R -1.1(Yo)
5.081 G 2.581(uc)1.1 G .081(an check the consistenc)-2.581 F 2.581(yo)
-.15 G 2.581(ft)-2.581 G .081(he /usr \214le system)-2.581 F(by doing)72
231.6 Q F1(#)108 249.6 Q F0(fsck /de)2.5 E(v/r${name})-.25 E
(The output from)72 267.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fsc)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0
(should look something lik)2.5 E(e:)-.1 E F1(** /de)108 285.6 Q(v/r)-.15
E F2(xx)A F1(0g)A(File System: /usr)108 297.6 Q(NEED SCRA)108 321.6 Q
(TCH FILE \(179 BLKS\))-.95 E(ENTER FILEN)108 333.6 Q 2.5(AME: /tmp/xxx)
-.2 F(** Last Mounted on /usr)108 345.6 Q
(** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes)108 357.6 Q(** Phase 2 - Check P)
108 369.6 Q(athnames)-.1 E(** Phase 3 - Check Connecti)108 381.6 Q(vity)
-.1 E(** Phase 4 - Check Refer)108 393.6 Q(ence Counts)-.18 E
(** Phase 5 - Check Fr)108 405.6 Q(ee List)-.18 E
(671 \214les, 3497 used, 137067 fr)108 417.6 Q(ee)-.18 E F0 .015(If there are inconsistencies in the \214le system, you may be prompted to apply correcti)
97 439.2 R .315 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .015(ction; see the).15 F
(document describing)72 451.2 Q F2(fsc)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0
(for information.)2.5 E 1.6 -.8(To u)97 466.8 T
(se the /usr \214le system, you should no).8 E 2.5(wr)-.25 G
(emount it by saying)-2.5 E F1(#)108 484.8 Q F0(mount /de)2.5 E
(v/${name} /usr)-.25 E F1 2.5(2.1.7. Step)72 514.8 R(7: extracting r)2.5
E(emaining sour)-.18 E(ce fr)-.18 E(om the second tape)-.18 E F0 -1.1
(Yo)97 530.4 S 2.934(uc)1.1 G .434(an then e)-2.934 F .434
(xtract the source code for the commands from the second distrib)-.15 F
.433(ution tape)-.2 F/F3 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 .433(\(with the)2.933 F
-.15(ex)72 542.4 S(ception of RK07').15 E(s, RM03')-.55 E(s, and RD52')
-.55 E 2.5(sa)-.55 G
(nd other small disks this will \214t in the /usr \214le system\):)-2.5
E F1(#)108 560.4 Q F0(cd /usr/src)2.5 E F1(#)108 572.4 Q F0(tar xpb 20)
2.5 E .749(If you get an error at this point, most lik)72 590.4 R .749
(ely it w)-.1 F .749(as a problem with tape positioning.)-.1 F(Re)5.749
E .749(wind the tape and)-.25 F(use the)72 602.4 Q F1(mt)2.5 E F0
(command to skip \214les, then retry the)2.5 E F1(tar)2.5 E F0(command.)
2.5 E F1 2.5(2.2. Additional)72 626.4 R(con)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.4 G
(rsion inf).1 E(ormation)-.25 E F0 .336(After setting up the ne)97 642 R
2.836(w2)-.25 G .336
(.11BSD \214lesystems, you may restore the user \214les that were sa)
-2.836 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.835(do).15 G 2.835(nt)-2.835 G(ape)-2.835 E .09
(before be)72 654 R .09(ginning the con)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.59
(rsion. Note).15 F .09(that the 2.11BSD)2.59 F F2 -.37(re)2.59 G(stor)
.37 E F0 .09(program does its w)2.59 F .09(ork by accessing the ra)-.1 F
(w)-.15 E .698(\214le system de)72 666 R .698
(vice and depositing inodes in the appropriate locations on disk.)-.25 F
.697(This means that \214le system)5.697 F .161(dumps might not restore correctly if the characteristics of the \214le system ha)
72 678 R .461 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .161(hanged \(e).15 F .162(g. if you')-.15
F .162(re restor)-.5 F(-)-.2 E .102(ing a dump of a \214le system into a \214le system smaller than the original.\))
72 690 R 1.701 -.8(To r)5.101 H .101(estore a dump tape for).8 F 2.601
(,s)-.4 G(ay)-2.601 E 2.601(,t)-.65 G(he)-2.601 E
(/u \214le system something lik)72 702 Q 2.5(et)-.1 G(he follo)-2.5 E
(wing w)-.25 E(ould be used:)-.1 E .32 LW 144 710 72 710 DL/F4 8/Symbol
SF<ad>72 723.6 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF
(On the TK50 the remaining source is the 9th \214le on the cartridge.)
5.176 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 15)172.84 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 84 Q F0
(restor r /de)2.5 E(v/rxp1e)-.25 E(If)97 105.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(tar)3.338 E F0 .839(images were written instead of doing a dump, you should be sure to use the `p' option when)
3.339 F .901(reading the \214les back.)72 117.6 R .901(No matter ho)
5.901 F 3.401(wy)-.25 G .9
(ou restore a \214le system, be sure and check its inte)-3.401 F .9
(grity with)-.15 F F2(fsc)3.4 E(k)-.2 E F0(when the job is complete.)72
129.6 Q F2(tar)97 145.2 Q F0 .203(tapes are preferred \(when possible\) because the inode allocation is performed by the k)
2.703 F .204(ernel rather)-.1 F .635(than the)72 157.2 R F2 -.37(re)
3.135 G(stor).37 E F0 .635(\(8\) program.)1.666 F .634(This has the bene\214t of allocating inodes sequentially starting from the be)
5.635 F(gin-)-.15 E .787(ning of the inode portion of the \214lesystem rather than preserving the fragmented/randomized order of the)
72 169.2 R(old \214lesystem.)72 181.2 Q(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 16)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(3. UPGRADING AN EXISTING SYSTEM)177.828 84 Q F0(Be)97
123.6 Q .357(gin by reading the document `)-.15 F .357
(`Changes to the System in 2.11BSD')-.74 F 2.857('t)-.74 G 2.857(og)
-2.857 G .356(et an idea of ho)-2.857 F 2.856(wt)-.25 G .356(he sys-)
-2.856 F .979(tem changes will af)72 135.6 R .979
(fect your local modi\214cations.)-.25 F .979(If you ha)5.979 F 1.279
-.15(ve l)-.2 H .98(ocal de).15 F .98(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .98
(rs, see the \214le).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/sys/O)3.48 E(TH-)-.4
E(ERS/README)72 147.6 Q F0(for hints on ho)2.5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(oi)
-2.5 G(nte)-2.5 E(grate your dri)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rs into 2.11BSD.)
.15 E .045(The only upgrade path to 2.11BSD is to do a full bootstrap as described in Chapter 2.)
97 163.2 R .044(As al)5.044 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .044(ys, full).1 F .308
(backups of the e)72 175.2 R .309
(xisting system should be made to guard ag)-.15 F .309
(ainst errors or f)-.05 F(ailures.)-.1 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(NO)5.309
E(TE:)-.4 E F0 .309(The old \214lesys-)2.809 F .42
(tems can not be mounted by the ne)72 187.2 R 2.92(wk)-.25 G 2.92
(ernel. If)-3.02 F .419
(you must access old discs or \214lesystems, there is a v)2.92 F(ersion)
-.15 E(of)72 199.2 Q F2(dump)2.5 E F0
(\(8\) in /usr/src/old/dump which can be used with the)1.666 E F3(raw)
2.5 E F0(disc to dump old \214lesystems.)2.5 E .356(The archi)97 214.8 R
.656 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H .356(le format has changed, the 4.3BSD).15 F F2
(ar)2.856 E F0 .356(\(5\) format is no)B 2.856(wu)-.25 G 2.857
(sed. Local)-2.856 F(archi)2.857 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.857(sw).15 G .357
(ill ha)-2.857 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(to be con)72 226.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rted by the).15 E F2(/usr/old/ar)2.5 E(cv)-.37 E F0(program.)2.5 E F3
2.5(3.1. Files)72 250.8 R(to sa)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.25 G F0 .45(The follo)97
266.4 R .45(wing list enumerates the standard set of \214les you will w)
-.25 F .449(ant to sa)-.1 F .749 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .449
(nd suggests directories).15 F .335
(in which site speci\214c \214les should be present.)72 278.4 R .336
(Note that because 2.10BSD changed so radically from pre)5.336 F(vi-)
-.25 E .847(ous v)72 290.4 R .847(ersions of UNIX on the PDP-11, man)
-.15 F 3.346(yo)-.15 G 3.346(ft)-3.346 G .846(hese \214les may not e)
-3.346 F .846(xist on your system, and will almost)-.15 F .471
(certainly require e)72 302.4 R(xtensi)-.15 E .772 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .472
(hanges for 2.11BSD, b).15 F .472(ut it')-.2 F 2.972(ss)-.55 G .472
(till handy to ha)-2.972 F .772 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .472(hem around as you')
.15 F .472(re con\214g-)-.5 F(uring 2.11BSD.)72 314.4 Q
(This list will lik)5 E
(ely be augmented with non-standard \214les you ha)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve a)
-.2 H(dded to your system.).15 E -1.1(Yo)97 330 S 3.105(us)1.1 G .605
(hould create a)-3.105 F F2(tar)3.105 E F0 .605
(image of \(at a minimum\) the follo)3.105 F .604
(wing \214les before the ne)-.25 F 3.104<778c>-.25 G .604
(le systems are)-3.104 F 3.091(created. In)72 342 R .592
(addition, you should do a full dump before reb)3.091 F .592
(uilding the \214le system to guard ag)-.2 F .592(ainst missing)-.05 F
.329(something the \214rst time around.)72 354 R .329(The 2.11BSD)5.329
F F2 -.37(re)2.829 G(stor).37 E F0 .328(\(8\) program can read and con)
1.666 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .328(rt old).15 F F2(dump)2.828 E F0 .328
(\(8\) tapes.)1.666 F(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 17)172.84 E(/.cshrc)108 84 Q/F1 10/Symbol SF<ad>
90.85 E F0(root csh startup script)15 E(/.login)108 96 Q F1<ad>91.39 E
F0(root csh login script)15 E(/.pro\214le)108 108 Q F1<ad>85.84 E F0
(root sh startup script)15 E(/.rhosts)108 120 Q F1<ad>88.06 E F0
(for trusted machines and users)15 E(/de)108 132 Q 45.505
(v/MAKEDEV \210)-.25 F(in case you added an)15.515 E(ything here)-.15 E
(/de)108 144 Q(v/MAKEDEV)-.25 E 24.855(.local *)-1.29 F
(for making local de)15.515 E(vices)-.25 E 69.135(/etc/disktab *)108 156
R(in case you changed disk partition sizes)15.515 E 80.805
(/etc/dtab \210)108 168 R(table of de)15.515 E
(vices to attach at boot time)-.25 E(/etc/fstab)108 180 Q F1<ad>80.57 E
F0(disk con\214guration data)15 E(/etc/ftpusers)108 192 Q F1<ad>68.35 E
F0(for local additions)15 E(/etc/g)108 204 Q(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G
(ys).1 E F1<ad>63.2 E F0(routing daemon database)15 E(/etc/gettytab)108
216 Q F1<ad>67.79 E F0(getty database)15 E(/etc/group)108 228 Q F1<ad>
76.68 E F0(group data base)15 E(/etc/hosts)108 240 Q F1<ad>79.45 E F0
(for local host information)15 E 63.855(/etc/hosts.dir *)108 252 R
(must be reb)15.515 E(uilt with mkhosts)-.2 E 60.525(/etc/hosts.pag *)
108 264 R(must be reb)15.515 E(uilt with mkhosts)-.2 E(/etc/hosts.equi)
108 276 Q(v)-.25 E F1<ad>54.98 E F0(for local host equi)15 E -.25(va)
-.25 G(lence information).25 E(/etc/netw)108 288 Q(orks)-.1 E F1<ad>
63.45 E F0(for local netw)15 E(ork information)-.1 E 68.585
(/etc/netstart *)108 300 R(site dependent netw)15.515 E
(ork startup script)-.1 E 68.585(/etc/passwd *)108 312 R(must be con)
15.515 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to shado).15 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(assw)-2.5 E
(ord \214le format)-.1 E 54.975(/etc/passwd.dir *)108 324 R(must be reb)
15.515 E(uilt with mkpasswd)-.2 E 51.645(/etc/passwd.pag *)108 336 R
(must be reb)15.515 E(uilt with mkpasswd)-.2 E(/etc/printcap)108 348 Q
F1<ad>67.24 E F0(line printer database)15 E 60.805(/etc/protocols \210)
108 360 R(in case you added an)15.515 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G(ocal protocols)
-2.5 E 90.255(/etc/rc *)108 372 R(for an)15.515 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G
(ocal additions)-2.5 E 68.315(/etc/rc.local *)108 384 R
(site speci\214c system startup commands)15.515 E(/etc/remote)108 396 Q
F1<ad>72.24 E F0(auto-dialer con\214guration)15 E 65.815
(/etc/services \210)108 408 R(for local additions)15.515 E
(/etc/syslog.conf)108 420 Q F1<ad>54.18 E F0
(system logger con\214guration)15 E 58.035(/etc/securettys *)108 432 R
(for restricted list of ttys where root can log in)15.515 E(/etc/ttys)
108 444 Q F1<ad>85.56 E F0(terminal line con\214guration data)15 E
70.245(/etc/ttytype *)108 456 R
(terminal line to terminal type mapping data)15.515 E 65.815
(/etc/termcap \210)108 468 R(for an)15.515 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G
(ocal entries that may ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een added).15 E
101.905(/lib \210)108 480 R(for an)15.515 E 2.5(yl)-.15 G(ocally de)-2.5
E -.15(ve)-.25 G(loped language processors).15 E 74.685
(/usr/dict/* \210)108 492 R(for local additions to w)15.515 E
(ords and papers)-.1 E(/usr/hosts/MAKEHOSTS)108 504 Q F1<ad>15 E F0
(for local changes)15 E 60.245(/usr/include/* \210)108 516 R
(for local additions)15.515 E(/etc/aliases)108 528 Q F1<ad>73.35 E F0
(mail forw)15 E(arding data base)-.1 E(/etc/crontab)108 540 Q F1<ad>
70.02 E F0(cron daemon data base)15 E 49.695(/usr/share/font/* \210)108
552 R(for locally de)15.515 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(loped font libraries).15 E
(/usr/lib/lib*.a)108 564 Q F1<ad>63.61 E F0(for local libraries)15 E
52.465(/usr/share/lint/* \210)108 576 R(for locally de)15.515 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(loped lint libraries).15 E(/etc/sendmail.cf)108 588 Q F1<ad>53.63
E F0(sendmail con\214guration)15 E 42.475(/usr/share/tabset/* \210)108
600 R(for locally de)15.515 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(loped tab setting \214les)
.15 E 47.475(/usr/share/term/* \210)108 612 R(for locally de)15.515 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(loped nrof).15 E 2.5(fd)-.25 G(ri)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)
-.25 H(ables).15 E 46.365(/usr/share/tmac/* \210)108 624 R
(for locally de)15.515 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(loped trof).15 E(f/nrof)-.25 E
2.5(fm)-.25 G(acros)-2.5 E(/etc/uucp/*)108 636 Q F1<ad>72.79 E F0
(for local uucp con\214guration \214les)15 E 57.465(/usr/man/manl *)108
648 R(for manual pages for locally de)15.515 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(loped programs).15 E(/usr/msgs)108 660 Q F1<ad>78.89 E F0
(for current msgs)15 E(/usr/spool/*)108 672 Q F1<ad>70 E F0
(for current mail, ne)15 E(ws, uucp \214les, etc.)-.25 E(/usr/src/local)
108 684 Q F1<ad>65.57 E F0(for source for locally de)15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(loped programs).15 E(/sys/conf/HOST)108 696 Q F1<ad>52.23 E F0
(con\214guration \214le for your machine)15 E(/sys/conf/\214les.HOST)108
708 Q F1<ad>33.06 E F0(list of special \214les in your k)15 E(ernel)-.1
E 78.575(/*/quotas *)108 720 R(\214le system quota \214les)15.515 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 18)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10/Symbol SF
<ad>108 84 Q F0(Files that can be used from 2.10BSD without change.)
1.666 E 1.666<8846>108 96 S(iles that need local modi\214cations mer)
-1.666 E(ged into 2.11BSD \214les.)-.18 E 1.666(*F)108 108 S
(iles that require special w)-1.666 E(ork to mer)-.1 E
(ge and are discussed belo)-.18 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
2.5(3.1.1. Installing)72 144 R(2.11BSD)2.5 E F0 .172(The ne)97 159.6 R
.172(xt step is to b)-.15 F .172(uild a w)-.2 F .173
(orking 2.11BSD system.)-.1 F .173(This can be done by follo)5.173 F
.173(wing the steps in sec-)-.25 F .564(tion 2 of this document for e)72
171.6 R .564
(xtracting the root and /usr \214le systems from the distrib)-.15 F .563
(ution tape onto unused)-.2 F(disk partitions.)72 183.6 Q .085
(Once you ha)97 199.2 R .385 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .085
(tracted the 2.11BSD system and booted from it, you will ha).15 F .386
-.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.586(ob).15 G .086(uild a k)-2.786 F .086(ernel cus-)
-.1 F .285(tomized for your con\214guration.)72 211.2 R .285(If you ha)
5.285 F .585 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .585 -.15(ny l).15 H .285(ocal de).15 F
.285(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .285(rs, the).15 F 2.785(yw)-.15 G
.284(ill ha)-2.785 F .584 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.784(ob).15 G 2.784(ei)-2.784
G .284(ncorporated into)-2.784 F(the ne)72 223.2 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G 2.5
(ernel. See)-2.6 F(section 4.2.3 and `)2.5 E
(`Building 2.11BSD UNIX Systems.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G -.4(Wi)97 238.8 S
.986(th the introduction of disklabels the disk partitions in 2.11BSD the /etc/disktab \214le has changed)
.4 F(dramatically)72 250.8 Q 5.644(.T)-.65 G .644(here is a detailed description later in this chapter about the changes.)
-5.644 F .643(If you ha)5.643 F .943 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(odi\214ed).15 E
.473(the partition tables in pre)72 262.8 R .474(vious v)-.25 F .474
(ersions of 2.11BSD you will need to create a ne)-.15 F 2.974(wd)-.25 G
.474(isktab entry or modify)-2.974 F(an e)72 274.8 Q(xisting one.)-.15 E
F2 2.5(3.2. Mer)72 298.8 R(ging y)-.1 E(our \214les fr)-.25 E
(om earlier PDP-11 UNIX systems into 2.11BSD)-.18 E F0 1.45
(When your system is booting reliably and you ha)97 314.4 R 1.75 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 1.45(he 2.11BSD root and /usr \214le systems fully).15 F
.486(installed you will be ready to continue with the ne)72 326.4 R .486
(xt step in the con)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .486(rsion process, mer).15 F
.487(ging your old \214les)-.18 F(into the ne)72 338.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(ystem.)-2.5 E(If you sa)97 354 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(dt).15 G
(he \214les on a)-2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tar)2.5 E F0(tape, e)2.5
E(xtract them into a scratch directory)-.15 E 2.5(,s)-.65 G(ay /usr/con)
-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt:).15 E F2(#)108 372 Q F0(mkdir /usr/con)2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.4 G(rt).15 E F2(#)108 384 Q F0(cd /usr/con)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt).15 E F2(#)108 396 Q F0(tar x)2.5 E -.15(Fo)97 417.6 S 3.277(rs).15
G .777(ites running 2.10.1BSD, con)-3.277 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .777
(rting local con\214guration \214les should be v).15 F .777(ery simple.)
-.15 F .776(In general)5.777 F -.15(ve)72 429.6 S
(ry little has changed between 2.10.1BSD and 2.11BSD with re).15 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(rd to these \214les.).05 E -.15(Fo)97 445.2 S 2.77(rs).15 G
.27(ites running a pre-2.10BSD UNIX, there is v)-2.77 F .27
(ery little that can be said here as the v)-.15 F .27(ariety of pre-)
-.25 F .826(vious v)72 457.2 R .826
(ersions of PDP-11 UNIX systems and ho)-.15 F 3.326(wt)-.25 G(he)-3.326
E 3.326(yw)-.15 G .825(ere administered is lar)-3.326 F 3.325(ge. As)
-.18 F .825(an e)3.325 F .825(xample, most)-.15 F(pre)72 469.2 Q .38
(vious v)-.25 F .38(ersions of PDP-11 UNIX systems used the \214les)-.15
F F3(/etc/ttys)2.88 E F0(and)2.88 E F3(/etc/ttytype)2.88 E F0 .38
(to administer which ter)2.88 F(-)-.2 E 1.054(minals should ha)72 481.2
R 1.354 -.15(ve l)-.2 H 1.054(ogin processes attached to them and what the types of terminals those were.)
.15 F(Under)6.053 E .876(2.11BSD /etc/ttytype has disappeared entirely)
72 493.2 R 3.376(,i)-.65 G .876
(ts functions subsumed by /etc/ttys along with se)-3.376 F -.15(ve)-.25
G .877(ral ne).15 F(w)-.25 E 3.709(functions. In)72 505.2 R 1.208
(general you will simply ha)3.709 F 1.508 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.708(ou).15 G
1.208(se your pre)-3.708 F 1.208
(vious con\214guration \214les as references as you)-.25 F .653
(con\214gure 2.11BSD to your site needs.)72 517.2 R -.15(Fa)5.653 G .653
(miliarity with 4.3BSD con\214guration is v).15 F .654
(ery helpful at this point)-.15 F(since 2.11BSD is nearly identical in most of the \214les listed in the pre)
72 529.2 Q(vious section.)-.25 E 1.007(If you ha)97 544.8 R 1.307 -.15
(ve a)-.2 H 1.307 -.15(ny h).15 H 1.007(ome gro).15 F 1.007(wn de)-.25 F
1.007(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.007(rs that use major de).15 F
1.007(vice numbers reserv)-.25 F 1.006(ed by the system)-.15 F .645
(you will ha)72 556.8 R .945 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.145(om).15 G .645
(odify the commands used to create the de)-3.145 F .646
(vices or alter the system de)-.25 F .646(vice con\214guration)-.25 F
.744(tables in /sys/pdp/conf.c.)72 568.8 R .744
(Note that almost all 2.11BSD major de)5.744 F .744
(vice numbers are dif)-.25 F .744(ferent from those in)-.25 F(pre)72
580.8 Q .591(vious PDP-11 UNIX systems e)-.25 F .591(xcept 2.10.1BSD.)
-.15 F 3.091(Ac)5.591 G .591(ouple more de)-3.091 F .592
(vice numbers were added since the)-.25 F
(release of 2.10.1BSD for the k)72 592.8 Q(ernel logging f)-.1 E
(acility \(/de)-.1 E(v/klog\) and a \(ne)-.25 E(w\) TK50/TU81 dri)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G -.55(r.).15 G .094
(System security changes require adding se)97 608.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
.094(ral ne).15 F 2.594(w`)-.25 G(`well-kno)-3.334 E(wn')-.25 E 2.594
('g)-.74 G .094(roups to /etc/group.)-2.594 F .094(The groups)5.094 F
(that are needed by the system as distrib)72 620.4 Q(uted are:)-.2 E
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 19)172.84 E 24.16(name number)108 84 R .4 LW 186.87
88.5 108 88.5 DL 34.715(wheel 0)108 98 R 26.935(daemon 1)108 110 R
33.595(kmem 2)108 122 R 45.815(sys 3)108 134 R 48.035(tty 4)108 146 R
25.275(operator 5)108 158 R(staf)108 170 Q 41.075(f1)-.25 G(0)-41.075 E
43.315(bin 20)108 182 R .443(Only users in the `)72 206 R(`wheel')-.74 E
2.943('g)-.74 G .443(roup are permitted to)-2.943 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(su)2.944 E F0 .444(to `)2.944 F(`root')-.74 E 2.944('. Most)-.74 F
.444(programs that manage directories in)2.944 F 1.522(/usr/spool no)72
218 R 4.022(wr)-.25 G 1.522(un set-group-id to `)-4.022 F(`daemon')-.74
E 4.021('s)-.74 G 4.021(ot)-4.021 G 1.521
(hat users cannot directly access the \214les in the spool)-4.021 F
2.925(directories. The)72 230 R .425(special \214les that access k)2.925
F .425(ernel memory)-.1 F(,)-.65 E F1(/de)2.925 E(v/kmem)-.15 E F0(and)
2.925 E F1(/de)2.925 E(v/mem)-.15 E F0 2.925(,a)C .425
(re made readable only)-2.925 F .238(by group `)72 242 R(`kmem')-.74 E
2.738('. Standard)-.74 F .237(system programs that require this access are made set-group-id to that group.)
2.738 F .042(The group `)72 254 R(`sys')-.74 E 2.542('i)-.74 G 2.542(si)
-2.542 G .042(ntended to control access to system sources, and other sources belong to group `)
-2.542 F(`staf)-.74 E(f.)-.25 E -.74('')-.7 G .303(Rather than mak)72
266 R 2.803(eu)-.1 G(ser')-2.803 E 2.803(st)-.55 G .303
(erminals writable by all users, the)-2.803 F 2.803(ya)-.15 G .303
(re no)-2.803 F 2.803(wp)-.25 G .303(laced in group `)-2.803 F(`tty')
-.74 E 2.802('a)-.74 G .302(nd made only)-2.802 F .263(group writable.)
72 278 R .263(Programs that should le)5.263 F .264(gitimately ha)-.15 F
.564 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .264(ccess to write on user').15 F 2.764(st)-.55 G
.264(erminals such as)-2.764 F F1(talk)2.764 E F0(and)2.764 E F1(write)
72 290 Q F0(no)2.959 E 2.959(wr)-.25 G .458(un set-group-id to `)-2.959
F(`tty')-.74 E 2.958('. The)-.74 F -.74(``)2.958 G(operator').74 E 2.958
('g)-.74 G .458(roup controls access to disks.)-2.958 F .458(By def)
5.458 F .458(ault, disks are)-.1 F .691(readable by group `)72 302 R
(`operator')-.74 E .691(', so that programs such as)-.74 F F1(df)3.191 E
F0 .692(can access the \214le system information without)3.191 F
(being set-user)72 314 Q(-id to `)-.2 E(`root')-.74 E('.)-.74 E(Se)97
329.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .037(ral ne).15 F 2.537(wu)-.25 G .037(sers ha)
-2.537 F .337 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .037(lso been added to the group of `).15
F(`well-kno)-.74 E(wn')-.25 E 2.537('u)-.74 G .037(sers in /etc/passwd.)
-2.537 F .036(The cur)5.036 F(-)-.2 E(rent list is:)72 341.6 Q 24.16
(name number)108 365.6 R 186.87 370.1 108 370.1 DL 42.485(root 0)108
379.6 R 26.935(daemon 1)108 391.6 R 25.275(operator 2)108 403.6 R 36.655
(uucp 66)108 415.6 R 18.595(nobody 32767)108 427.6 R .285(The `)72 451.6
R(`daemon')-.74 E 2.785('u)-.74 G .285
(ser is used for daemon processes that do not need root pri)-2.785 F
(vile)-.25 E 2.785(ges. The)-.15 F -.74(``)2.785 G(operator').74 E 2.785
('u)-.74 G(ser)-2.785 E(-id)-.2 E 1.023
(is used as an account for dumpers so that the)72 463.6 R 3.523(yc)-.15
G 1.023(an log in without ha)-3.523 F 1.023(ving the root passw)-.2 F
3.523(ord. By)-.1 F(placing)3.523 E .991(them in the `)72 475.6 R
(`operator')-.74 E 3.491('g)-.74 G .991(roup, the)-3.491 F 3.491(yc)-.15
G .992(an get read access to the disks.)-3.491 F .992(The `)5.992 F
(`uucp')-.74 E 3.492('l)-.74 G .992(ogin has e)-3.492 F .992
(xisted long)-.15 F .806(before 2.11BSD, and is noted here just to pro)
72 487.6 R .806(vide a common user)-.15 F 3.305(-id. The)-.2 F(passw)
3.305 E .805(ord entry `)-.1 F(`nobody')-.74 E 3.305('h)-.74 G(as)-3.305
E(been added to specify the user with least pri)72 499.6 Q(vile)-.25 E
(ge.)-.15 E 2(After restoring your old passw)97 515.2 R 2.001
(ord \214le from tape/backups, a con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.001
(rsion is required to create the).15 F(shado)72 527.2 Q 2.976(wp)-.25 G
(assw)-2.976 E .476(ord \214le.)-.1 F .476(Only the steps to con)5.476 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G .475(rt /etc/passwd are gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.975(nh)
.15 G .475(ere, see the v)-2.975 F .475(arious man pages for)-.25 F F1
-.15(ch)72 539.2 S(pass).15 E F0(\(1\),)1.666 E F1(vipw)2.5 E F0(\(8\),)
1.666 E F1(mkpasswd)2.5 E F0(\(8\), etc.)1.666 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(#)108 557.2 Q F0 -.15(aw)2.5 G 2.5(k-).15 G 2.5(f/)-2.5 G(etc/a)-2.5 E
(wk.script < /etc/passwd >/etc/junk)-.15 E F2(#)108 569.2 Q F0
(mkpasswd -p /etc/junk)2.5 E F2(#)108 581.2 Q F0
(mv /etc/junk.orig /etc/passwd)2.5 E F2(#)108 593.2 Q F0
(mv /etc/junk.pag /etc/passwd.pag)2.5 E F2(#)108 605.2 Q F0
(mv /etc/junk.dir /etc/passwd.dir)2.5 E F2(#)108 617.2 Q F0
(mv /etc/junk /etc/master)2.5 E(.passwd)-.55 E F2(#)108 629.2 Q F0(cho)
2.5 E(wn root /etc/passwd* /etc/master)-.25 E(.passwd)-.55 E F2(#)108
641.2 Q F0(chmod 0600 /etc/master)2.5 E(.passwd)-.55 E(The format of the cron table, /etc/crontab, is the same as that of 2.10.1BSD.)
97 662.8 Q .516(Some of the commands pre)97 678.4 R .516
(viously in /etc/rc.local ha)-.25 F .816 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .517(een mo).15
F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(dt).15 G 3.017(o/)-3.017 G .517(etc/rc; se)-3.017
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .517(ral ne).15 F 3.017(wf)-.25 G(unctions)-3.017 E
.398(are no)72 690.4 R 2.898(wh)-.25 G .398(andled by /etc/rc.local.)
-2.898 F -1.1(Yo)5.398 G 2.898(us)1.1 G .397
(hould look closely at the prototype v)-2.898 F .397
(ersion of /etc/rc.local and read)-.15 F .074
(the manual pages for the commands contained in it before trying to mer)
72 702.4 R .075(ge your local cop)-.18 F 3.875 -.65(y. N)-.1 H .075
(ote in particu-).65 F .472(lar that)72 714.4 R F1(ifcon\214g)2.972 E F0
.472(has had man)2.972 F 2.972(yc)-.15 G .472
(hanges, and that host names are no)-2.972 F 2.972(wf)-.25 G .471
(ully speci\214ed as domain-style names)-2.972 F(\(e.g, boris.Oswe)72
726.4 Q(go.EDU\).)-.15 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 20)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E .777
(The C library and system binaries on the distrib)97 84 R .778
(ution tape are compiled with v)-.2 F .778(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1(ge)3.278 G(thostby-).1 E(name)72 96 Q F0(and)
2.955 E F1 -.1(ge)2.955 G(thostbyaddr).1 E F0 .455
(which use ndbm host table lookup routines instead of the name serv)
2.955 F(er)-.15 E 5.455(.Y)-.55 G .455(ou must)-6.555 F(run)72 108 Q F1
(mkhosts)3.017 E F0 .517(\(8\) to create the)1.666 F F1(ndbm)3.017 E F0
.518(host table database from)3.017 F F1(/etc/hosts)3.018 E F0 5.518(.F)
C .518(or 2.11BSD the)-5.668 F F1(mkhosts)3.018 E F0(program)3.018 E
.904(has been enhanced to support multiple addresses per host with order being preserv)
72 120 R .903(ed \(the order in which)-.15 F .022
(the multiple addresses appear in)72 132 R F1(/etc/hosts)2.523 E F0 .023
(for the same host is the same order the addresses will be returned)
2.523 F(to the caller of)72 144 Q F1 -.1(ge)2.5 G(thostbyname).1 E F0
(\).)A .914(There is a v)97 159.6 R .913(ersion of the nameserv)-.15 F
.913(er which runs under 2.11BSD.)-.15 F(Ho)5.913 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.413(ri).15 G 3.413(na)-3.413 G .913(ddition to ha)-3.413 F .913
(ving a)-.2 F -.2(vo)72 171.6 S .284
(racious appetite for memory there are memory leaks which cause).2 F F1
(named)2.784 E F0 .284(\(8\) to crash after running for an)1.666 F -.15
(ex)72 183.6 S(tended period.).15 E(Restarting)5 E F1(named)2.5 E F0
(\(8\) nightly from)1.666 E F1(cr)2.5 E(on)-.45 E F0(is the only w)2.5 E
(ork around solution at present.)-.1 E .168(If you w)97 199.2 R .167
(ant to compile your system to use the name serv)-.1 F .167(er resolv)
-.15 F .167(er routines instead of the ndbm host)-.15 F .292
(table, you will need to modify /usr/src/lib/libc/Mak)72 211.2 R .292
(e\214le according to the instructions there and then recom-)-.1 F
(pile all of the system and local programs \(see section 6.5\).)72 223.2
Q/F2 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 .474
(The format of /etc/ttys is the same as it w)97 238.8 R .474
(as under 2.10BSD.)-.1 F .475(It includes the terminal type and secu-)
5.475 F(rity options that were pre)72 250.8 Q
(viously in /etc/ttytype and /etc/securettys.)-.25 E F1(syslo)97 266.4 Q
(g)-.1 E F0 .645(is the 4.4BSD-Lite v)3.145 F .645(ersion no)-.15 F
4.445 -.65(w. S)-.25 H(ee).65 E F1(syslo)3.145 E(g)-.1 E F0 .645
(\(3\) and)1.666 F F1(syslo)3.144 E(gd)-.1 E F0 .644(\(8\) for details.)
1.666 F(The)5.644 E 3.144(ya)-.15 G .644(re used by)-3.144 F(man)72
278.4 Q 4.565(yo)-.15 G 4.565(ft)-4.565 G 2.066
(he system daemons to monitor system problems more closely)-4.565 F
4.566(,f)-.65 G 2.066(or e)-4.566 F 2.066(xample netw)-.15 F 2.066
(ork routing)-.1 F(changes.)72 290.4 Q(Ag)97 306 Q .372
(ain, it must be emphasized that the nameserv)-.05 F .372(er is not rob)
-.15 F .372(ust under 2.11BSD, and if the)-.2 F F1(hosts)2.871 E F0
(\214les)2.871 E 1.525(are not desired then the best alternati)72 318 R
1.825 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 4.025(st).15 G 4.025(ou)-4.025 G 1.525(se the)
-4.025 F F1 -.37(re)4.025 G(solver).37 E F0 1.525
(\(5\) routines and use the nameserv)1.666 F 1.526(er on a)-.15 F
(remote lar)72 330 Q(ger machine.)-.18 E(The)5 E F1 -.37(re)2.5 G
(solver).37 E F0(\(5\) routines are kno)1.666 E(wn to w)-.25 E(ork.)-.1
E .947(The spooling directories sa)97 345.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.447(do).15
G 3.447(nt)-3.447 G .947(ape may be restored in their e)-3.447 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .946(ntual resting places without too).15 F(much concern.)72
357.6 Q(Be sure to use the `)5 E(`p')-.74 E 2.5('o)-.74 G(ption to)-2.5
E F1(tar)2.5 E F0
(so that \214les are recreated with the same \214le modes:)2.5 E/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 375.6 Q F0(cd /usr)2.5 E F3(#)108 387.6 Q F0
(tar xp msgs spool/mail spool/uucp spool/uucppublic spool/ne)2.5 E(ws)
-.25 E .517(The o)97 409.2 R .517(wnership and modes of tw)-.25 F 3.017
(oo)-.1 G 3.018(ft)-3.017 G .518
(hese directories needs to be changed, because)-3.018 F F1(at)3.018 E F0
(no)3.018 E 3.018(wr)-.25 G .518(uns set-)-3.018 F(user)72 421.2 Q .532
(-id `)-.2 F(`daemon')-.74 E 3.032('i)-.74 G .532(nstead of root.)-3.032
F .531
(Also, the uucp directory no longer needs to be publicly writable, as)
5.531 F F1(tip)3.031 E F0(re)72 433.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .198(rts to pri)
.15 F(vile)-.25 E .199(ged status to remo)-.15 F .499 -.15(ve i)-.15 H
.199(ts lock \214les.).15 F .199(After cop)5.199 F .199(ying your v)-.1
F .199(ersion of /usr/spool, you should do)-.15 F(the follo)72 445.2 Q
(wing:)-.25 E F3(#)108 463.2 Q F0(cho)2.5 E
(wn \255R daemon /usr/spool/at)-.25 E F3(#)108 475.2 Q F0(cho)2.5 E
(wn \255R root /usr/spool/uucp)-.25 E F3(#)108 487.2 Q F0
(chgrp \255R daemon /usr/spool/uucp)2.5 E F3(#)108 499.2 Q F0
(chmod \255R o\255w /usr/spool/uucp)2.5 E(Whate)97 520.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.86(re).15 G .36(lse is left is lik)-2.86 F .359
(ely to be site speci\214c or require careful scrutin)-.1 F 2.859(yb)
-.15 G .359(efore placing in its e)-2.859 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n-).15 E
(tual resting place.)72 532.8 Q
(Refer to the documentation and source code before arbitrarily o)5 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting a \214le.).15 E F3 2.5(3.3. Hints)72 556.8 R
(on con)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.4 G(rting fr).1 E(om pr)-.18 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
(ious PDP-11 UNIX systems to 2.11BSD).15 E F0 .284(This section summarizes some of the signi\214cant changes in 2.11BSD from 2.10.1BSD.)
97 572.4 R .284(The installa-)5.284 F 1
(tion guide for 2.10.1BSD is included in the distrib)72 584.4 R .999
(ution as /usr/doc/2.10/setup.2.10 and should be read if)-.2 F 1.401
(you are not presently running 2.10BSD or 2.10.1BSD.)72 596.4 R 1.401
(It does not include changes in the netw)6.401 F 1.402(ork; see)-.1 F
(chapter 5 for information on setting up the netw)72 608.4 Q(ork.)-.1 E
.871(Old core \214les will not be intelligible by the current deb)97 624
R .87(uggers because of numerous changes to the)-.2 F .437
(user structure.)72 636 R .437(Also remo)5.437 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.937
(df).15 G .437(rom the user structure are the members u_of)-2.937 F .438
(fset, u_count, u_base, u_se)-.25 F(g\215g,)-.15 E 2.067
(the 4.3BSD uio/io)72 648 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.067(c/rdwri k).15 F 2.067
(ernel i/o model ha)-.1 F 2.066(ving been put in place.)-.2 F 2.066
(The 4.3BSD)7.066 F F1(namei)4.566 E F0(ar)4.566 E(gument)-.18 E(encapsulation technique has been ported, which adds the u_nd member to the user structure.)
72 660 Q .516
(Note, once your system is installed and running, you should mak)97
675.6 R 3.016(es)-.1 G .517(ure that you recompile and rein-)-3.016 F
.02(stall the directory)72 687.6 R F1(/usr/sr)2.52 E(c/shar)-.37 E
(e/zoneinfo)-.37 E F0 5.02(.R)C .019(ead through the Mak)-5.02 F .019
(e\214le \214rst, if you')-.1 F .019(re not located on the W)-.5 F(est)
-.8 E .615(Coast you will ha)72 699.6 R .915 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.115(oc)
.15 G .615(hange it.)-3.115 F .615
(This directory is an addition since 4.3BSD, and is intended to solv)
5.615 F 3.116(et)-.15 G(he)-3.116 E .32 LW 144 707.6 72 707.6 DL/F4 8
/Symbol SF<ad>72 721.2 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .479(Note: The resolv)
5.176 F .479(er routines add about 5kb of te)-.12 F .479
(xt and 1kb of data to each program.)-.12 F .478(Also, the resolv)4.478
F .478(er rou-)-.12 F(tines use more stack space which may cause lar)82
731.2 Q(ge programs to crash due to f)-.144 E(ailure to e)-.08 E
(xtend the stack area.)-.12 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 21)172.84 E(Daylight Sa)72 84 Q(vings T)-.2 E
(ime problems once and for all.)-.35 E .042(The incore inode structure has had the i_id member added as part of implementing the 4.3BSD namei)
97 99.6 R 2.564(cache. The)72 111.6 R .064
(di_addr member of the on disk inode structure is no)2.564 F 2.564(wa)
-.25 G 2.564(na)-2.564 G .064(rray of type)-2.564 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(daddr_t)2.565 E F0 .065(instead of)2.565 F F1(char)2.565 E F0(.)A
(The old 3 byte pack)72 123.6 Q(ed block number is obsolete at last.)-.1
E 1.345(The on disk directory structure is that of 4.3BSD with the dif)
97 139.2 R 1.344(ference that the inode number is an)-.25 F .484
(unsigned short instead of a long.)72 151.2 R .484(This w)5.484 F .484
(as done to reduce the amount of long arithmetic in the k)-.1 F .485
(ernel and)-.1 F .77(to maintain compatibility with earlier v)72 163.2 R
.77(ersions with re)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .77
(rd to the maximum number of inodes per \214lesys-).05 F 3.328(tem. Gi)
72 175.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.328(nt).15 G .829(he typical size of discs used with 2.11BSD the limit on the number of inodes per \214lesystem)
-3.328 F(will not be a problem.)72 187.2 Q(And ag)97 202.8 Q
(ain, 2.11BSD is not \214lesystem compatible with an)-.05 E 2.5(yp)-.15
G(re)-2.5 E(vious PDP-11 UNIX system.)-.25 E .686(If you w)97 218.4 R
.686(ant to use)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ps)3.186 E F0 .686
(after booting a ne)3.186 F 3.186(wk)-.25 G .685
(ernel, and before going multiuser)-3.286 F 3.185(,y)-.4 G .685
(ou must initialize its)-3.185 F(name list database by running)72 230.4
Q F2(ps \255U)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 2.5(3.4. Hints)72 254.4 R(on possible pr)
2.5 E(oblems upgrading fr)-.18 E(om the 2.10.1BSD)-.18 E 2.5(3.4.1. New)
72 278.4 R(utmp UT_N)2.5 E(AMESIZE.)-.2 E(UT_N)97 294 Q(AMESIZE)-.2 E F0
.848(in >)3.348 F F2(<)A F0 .848(utmp.h w)B .848
(as changed from 8 to 15.)-.1 F .849(This w)5.849 F(on')-.1 E 3.349(ta)
-.18 G -.25(ff)-3.349 G .849(ect correctly written pro-).25 F .579
(grams \(those which do not hard code the constant 8\) at the source le)
72 306 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(lb).15 G .578(ut does cause changes in v)
-3.278 F(arious)-.25 E 2.572(databases. This)72 318 R .072
(means that old binaries w)2.572 F(on')-.1 E 2.572(tb)-.18 G 2.572(ea)
-2.572 G .072(ble to cope with ne)-2.572 F 2.573(wd)-.25 G .073
(atabases \(passwd, aliases, etc\) and)-2.573 F(vice v)72 330 Q(ersa.)
-.15 E .99(This change w)97 345.6 R .99
(as necessary since the systems a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G .99
(ilable for 2.11BSD de).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .99
(lopment had to be shared).15 F .942(with systems in which UT_N)72 357.6
R .942(AMESIZE w)-.35 F .943(as set at 15.)-.1 F .943
(If this change/incompatibility is not desired, then)5.943 F .892
(utmp.h and wtmp.h will ha)72 369.6 R 1.191 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.391(ob).15
G 3.391(em)-3.391 G .891
(odi\214ed and the system libraries and applications reb)-3.391 F .891
(uilt before pro-)-.2 F(ceeding to load local softw)72 381.6 Q(are.)-.1
E .977(The simplest w)97 397.2 R .977
(ay to deal with this incompatibility is simply to reb)-.1 F .978
(uild all your databases from the)-.2 F 3.067(source data.)72 409.2 R
3.067(In particular)8.067 F 5.567(,y)-.4 G 3.067
(ou should be sure you reb)-5.567 F(uild)-.2 E F2(/etc/passwd)5.567 E F0
(,)1.666 E F2(/etc/hosts)5.566 E F0 5.566(,a)1.666 G(nd)-5.566 E F2
(/etc/aliases)5.566 E F0(databases via the commands:)72 421.2 Q F2
(mkpasswd /etc/passwd)2.5 E F0(,)1.666 E F2(mkhosts /etc/hosts)2.5 E F0
2.5(,a)1.666 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(/usr/ucb/ne)2.5 E(waliases.)-.15 E F1 2.5
(3.4.2. man)72 445.2 R(system)2.5 E F0 1.071
(The manual system continues to track the changes going on in 4BSD.)97
460.8 R 1.072(I'm not con)6.071 F 1.072(vinced the ne)-.4 F(w)-.25 E
.006(setup is better)72 472.8 R 2.506(,b)-.4 G .006
(ut it does seem to be the method of the moment.)-2.706 F .006
(The setup is essentially the same as that in)5.006 F(the)72 484.8 Q F1
(4.3BSD-T)2.5 E(AHOE)-.9 E F0(distrib)2.5 E
(ution with the manual source in /usr/src/man.)-.2 E F1 2.5
(3.4.3. NMOUNT)72 508.8 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.1 E(ed)-.18 E F0 1.296(The v)97
524.4 R 1.296(alue of)-.25 F F1(NMOUNT)3.796 E F0(in)3.796 E F2
(/sys/h/par)3.796 E(am.h)-.15 E F0 1.296(is set to 5 in the distrib)
3.796 F 1.297(ution system.)-.2 F 1.297(This will be too)6.297 F .396
(small for man)72 536.4 R 2.896(ys)-.15 G 2.896(ites. Since)-2.896 F
.396(each mount table entry costs about 440 bytes of v)2.896 F .396
(aluable k)-.25 F .395(ernel dataspace this)-.1 F .228
(number should be chosen with care.)72 548.4 R .229
(See Appendix A for an e)5.229 F .229(xplanation of ho)-.15 F 2.729(wt)
-.25 G 2.729(or)-2.729 G(econ\214gure)-2.729 E F1(NMOUNT)2.729 E(.)-.9 E
2.5(3.4.4. Shado)72 572.4 R 2.5(wp)-.1 G(assw)-2.5 E(ords)-.1 E F0 .603
(The May 1989 release of the 4.3BSD shado)97 588 R 3.103(wp)-.25 G(assw)
-3.103 E .602(ord \214le has been ported to 2.11BSD.)-.1 F -.15(Pa)5.602
G(ssw).15 E(ord)-.1 E(aging is also implemented.)72 600 Q F1 2.5
(3.4.5. New)72 624 R(/etc/r)2.5 E 2.5(cs)-.18 G(tartup scripts)-2.5 E F2
(/etc/r)97 639.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(/etc/r)2.5 E(c.local)-.37 E
F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.2 H(hanged f).15 E(airly signi\214cantly)-.1
E 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(/etc/netstart)97 655.2 Q F0 .206
(has been added to con\214gure site speci\214c netw)2.706 F .207
(ork features \(much of this w)-.1 F .207(as pulled from)-.1 F .136
(the old rc.local\).)72 667.2 R F2(/etc/netstart)5.136 E F0 .136
(uses the tin)2.636 F 2.636(yp)-.15 G(rogram)-2.636 E F2(testnet)2.636 E
F0 .136(which attempts to create a sock)2.636 F .135(et and prints NO)
-.1 F(on stdout if an error is returned by the k)72 679.2 Q
(ernel, YES if no error w)-.1 E(as returned.)-.1 E F1 2.5(3.4.6. mkfs,)
72 703.2 R(mkpr)2.5 E(oto, mklost+f)-.18 E(ound)-.25 E F2(mkfs)97 718.8
Q F0 2.637(\(8\) no longer can populate a \214lesystem with \214les.)
1.666 F 2.637(The 4.3BSD v)7.637 F 2.637(ersions of)-.15 F F2(mkfs)5.137
E F0 2.637(\(8\) and)1.666 F F2(mkpr)72 730.8 Q(oto)-.45 E F0 .186
(\(8\) were ported to 2.11BSD.)1.666 F .186
(There is a limit on the size of the \214le which)5.186 F F2(mkpr)2.685
E(oto)-.45 E F0 .185(\(8\) can place on)1.666 F(27 October 1997)254.395
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 22)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E 2.5(an)72 84 S
-.25(ew)-2.5 G(ly created \214lesystem.).25 E(Only \214les up to single indirect \(about 260kb\) may be copied at this time.)
5 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mklost+found)97 99.6 Q F0 1.308
(\(8\) is a ported v)1.666 F 1.308
(ersion from 4.3BSD, the only change being to use 63 character \214le)
-.15 F 1.69(names \(MAXN)72 111.6 R 1.69
(AMLEN is 63 at this time in 2.11BSD\) instead of 255.)-.35 F F1
(mklost+found)9.189 E F0 1.689(\(8\) is really not)1.666 F(needed,)72
123.6 Q F1(fsc)2.817 E(k)-.2 E F0 .317(\(8\) is no)1.666 F 2.817(wc)-.25
G .318(apable of automatically e)-2.817 F .318
(xtending lost+found by up to the number of direct blocks)-.15 F
(in an inode.)72 135.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(3.4.7. /etc/disktab)
72 159.6 R F0 .818(The format of /etc/disktab is no)97 175.2 R 3.317(wt)
-.25 G .817(he same as 4.3BSD-Reno and 4.4BSD.)-3.317 F(Pre)5.817 E .817
(viously to describe a)-.25 F(dri)72 187.2 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H
(an RM03 for e).15 E
(xample\) the /etc/disktab \214le had entries of the form:)-.15 E
(:ty=remo)72 211.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(ble:ns#32:nt#5:nc#823:sf:).25 E
(:b0=/mdec/rm03uboot:)72 223.2 Q(:pa#9600:ba#1024:f)72 235.2 Q(a#1024:)
-.1 E(:pb#9600:bb#1024:fb#1024:)72 247.2 Q(:pc#131520:bc#1024:fc#1024:)
72 259.2 Q(:pf#121920:bf#1024:f)72 271.2 Q(f#1024:)-.25 E
(:pg#112320:bg#1024:fg#1024:)72 283.2 Q(:ph#131520:bh#1024:fh#1024:)72
295.2 Q .293(Note that there is no information at all about which c)72
319.2 R .294(ylinder a partition starts at or which partitions o)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rlap).15 E 1.059(and may not be used simultaneously)72
331.2 R 6.059(.T)-.65 G 1.059(hat information w)-6.059 F 1.059(as k)-.1
F 1.059(ept in tables in the dri)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.658 -.55(r. I)
.15 H 3.558(fy).55 G 1.058(ou modi\214ed)-3.558 F(/etc/disktab it w)72
343.2 Q(ould ha)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G
(ect without also changing the dri).25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G
(nd recompiling the k)-2.5 E(ernel.)-.1 E(The ne)72 358.8 Q 2.5(w/)-.25
G(etc/disktab \214le looks lik)-2.5 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(his:)-2.5 E(:ty=remo)
72 382.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(ble:ns#32:nt#5:nc#823:sf:).25 E
(:b0=/mdec/rm03uboot:)72 394.8 Q(:pa#9600:oa#0:ba#1024:f)72 406.8 Q
(a#1024:ta=2.11BSD:)-.1 E(:pb#9600:ob#9600:bb#1024:fb#1024:tb=sw)72
418.8 Q(ap:)-.1 E(:pc#131520:oc#0:bc#1024:fc#1024:)72 430.8 Q
(:pf#121920:of#9600:bf#1024:f)72 442.8 Q(f#1024:tf=2.11BSD:)-.25 E
(:pg#112320:og#19200:bg#1024:fg#1024:tg=2.11BSD:)72 454.8 Q
(:ph#131520:oh#0:bh#1024:fh#1024:th=2.11BSD)72 466.8 Q .771
(There are tw)97 494.4 R 3.271(on)-.1 G 1.271 -.25(ew \214)-3.271 H .771
(elds per partition, the 'o' \(oa, ob, usw).25 F .771
(.\) \214eld speci\214es the of)-.65 F .772(fset in sectors that)-.25 F
.617(the partition be)72 506.4 R .617(gins at.)-.15 F .616(The ')5.617 F
.616(t' \214eld speci\214es the partition type.)-.18 F .616
(Only those partitions which are)5.616 F F2(2.11BSD)3.116 E F0 .001
(will be recognized by)72 518.4 R F1(ne)2.501 E(wfs)-.15 E F0 .002
(\(8\) and the k)1.666 F .002(ernel as \214lesystems.)-.1 F .002(The k)
5.002 F .002(ernel also will not sw)-.1 F .002(ap or place a crash)-.1 F
(dump on a partition that is not of type)72 530.4 Q F2(swap)2.5 E F0(.)A
.562(The tw)97 546 R 3.062(oe)-.1 G .562(xamples abo)-3.212 F .862 -.15
(ve a)-.15 H .561(re equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(lent and pro).25 F
.561(vide an e)-.15 F .561(xample of a translating an old style disktab)
-.15 F .106(entry into a ne)72 558 R 2.606(ws)-.25 G .106(tyle entry)
-2.606 F 5.106(.T)-.65 G 2.606(ot)-5.906 G .107
(ranslate a customized disktab entries you will need:)-2.606 F .107
(1\) a cop)5.107 F 2.607(yo)-.1 G 2.607(fy)-2.607 G .107(our cur)-2.607
F(-)-.2 E .263(rent partition tables from the de)72 570 R .263(vice dri)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.063 -.4(r, 2).15 H 2.763(\)ac).4 G(op)-2.763 E
2.763(yo)-.1 G 2.763(ft)-2.763 G .262(he old disktab entry)-2.763 F
2.762(,3)-.65 G 2.762(\)y)-2.762 G .262(our current /etc/fstab \214le.)
-2.762 F .375(In ne)72 582 R 2.875(wd)-.25 G .375(isktab entries you should only place those partitions you actually use.)
-2.875 F .376(There is no need to declare)5.376 F(\(as w)72 594 Q
(as done in the e)-.1 E(xamples abo)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)a).15 G
(ll of the possible partitions.)-2.5 E .593(If you ha)97 609.6 R .893
-.15(ve c)-.2 H .593(hanged the disk partition sizes, be sure to mak).15
F 3.092(et)-.1 G .592(he necessary /etc/disktab changes and)-3.092 F
.535(label your disks BEFORE trying to access an)72 621.6 R 3.036(yo)
-.15 G 3.036(fy)-3.036 G .536(our old \214le systems!)-3.036 F .536
(There are tw)5.536 F 3.036(ow)-.1 G .536(ays to label your)-3.136 F
3.473(disks. The)72 633.6 R .972(standalone disklabel program is one w)
3.473 F(ay)-.1 E 5.972(.I)-.65 G 3.472(ti)-5.972 G 3.472(sa)-3.472 G
.972(lso possible to label disks using)-3.472 F F1(disklabel)3.472 E F0
(\(8\))1.666 E .287(with the \255r option \255 this w)72 645.6 R .287
(orks e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.787(nw).15 G .287(hen running on a k)
-2.787 F .287(ernel which does not support labels \(\255r reads and)-.1
F .351(writes the ra)72 657.6 R 2.851(wd)-.15 G .351
(isk, thus it is possible to label disks on an older k)-2.851 F .35
(ernel as long as the)-.1 F F1(disklabel)2.85 E F0 .35(\(8\) program)
1.666 F(is present\).)72 669.6 Q(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 23)172.84 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(4. SYSTEM SETUP)
236.49 84 Q F0 .195
(This section describes procedures used to set up a PDP-11 UNIX system.)
97 123.6 R .195(These procedures are used)5.195 F .785(when a system is \214rst installed or when the system con\214guration changes.)
72 135.6 R .784(Procedures for normal system)5.784 F
(operation are described in the ne)72 147.6 Q(xt section.)-.15 E/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.1. Cr)72 171.6 R(eating a UNIX boot)-.18 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(/boot)97 187.2 Q F0 .523(uses the de)3.023 F .523
(vice information passed to it from the bootstrap in determining the de)
-.25 F .524(vice, unit and)-.25 F .409(\214le to load.)72 199.2 R .409
(If an autoreboot is being done the k)7.909 F .408(ernel will ha)-.1 F
.708 -.15(ve p)-.2 H .408(assed the de).15 F .408
(vice information to the boot-)-.25 F
(strap as well as setting the autoreboot \215ag.)72 211.2 Q F3(/boot)97
226.8 Q F0(does not require recompilation to adapt to a ne)2.5 E 2.5(wa)
-.25 G(utoreboot de)-2.5 E(vice.)-.25 E F2 2.5(4.2. K)72 250.8 R(er)-.25
E(nel con\214guration)-.15 E F0
(This section brie\215y describes the layout of the k)97 266.4 Q
(ernel code and ho)-.1 E 2.5<778c>-.25 G(les for de)-2.5 E
(vices are made.)-.25 E F2 2.5(4.2.1. K)72 290.4 R(er)-.25 E(nel or)-.15
E(ganization)-.1 E F0 1.106(As distrib)97 306 R 1.106(uted, the k)-.2 F
1.107(ernel source is in a separate tar image.)-.1 F 1.107
(The source may be ph)6.107 F 1.107(ysically located)-.05 F(an)72 318 Q
.291(ywhere within an)-.15 F 2.791<798c>-.15 G .291(le system so long as a symbolic link to the location is created for the \214le /sys \(man)
-2.791 F(y)-.15 E 1.846
(\214les in /usr/include are normally symbolic links relati)72 330 R
2.147 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 4.347(o/).15 G 4.347(sys\). In)-4.347 F 1.847
(further discussions of the system)4.347 F
(source all path names will be gi)72 342 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nr).15 G
(elati)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(o/).15 G(sys.)-2.5 E 2.231(The directory /sys/sys contains the mainline machine independent operating system code.)
97 357.6 R(Files)7.23 E(within this directory are con)72 369.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.4 G(ntionally named with the follo).15 E(wing pre\214x)-.25 E(es:)
-.15 E 66.16(init_ system)108 393.6 R(initialization)2.5 E -.1(ke)108
405.6 S 61.83(rn_ k).1 F
(ernel \(authentication, process management, etc.\))-.1 E 57.28
(quota_ k)108 417.6 R(ernel portion of disk quota system)-.1 E 62.28
(subr_ misc.)108 429.6 R(subroutines used throughout the k)2.5 E(ernel)
-.1 E 66.72(sys_ system)108 441.6 R(calls and the lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E
68.94(tty_ terminal)108 453.6 R(handling)2.5 E 67.28(ufs_ \214le)108
465.6 R(system)2.5 E 62.28(uipc_ interprocess)108 477.6 R(communication)
2.5 E 66.72(vm_ memory)108 489.6 R(management)2.5 E
(The remaining directories are or)97 517.2 Q -.05(ga)-.18 G
(nized as follo).05 E(ws:)-.25 E 61.16(/sys/h machine)108 541.2 R
(independent include \214les)2.5 E 48.39(/sys/conf site)108 553.2 R
(con\214guration \214les and basic templates)2.5 E 53.94(/sys/net netw)
108 565.2 R(ork independent, b)-.1 E(ut netw)-.2 E(ork related code)-.1
E 38.94(/sys/netinet D)108 577.2 R(ARP)-.4 E 2.5(AI)-.92 G(nternet code)
-2.5 E 38.38(/sys/netimp IMP)108 589.2 R(support code)2.5 E 45.05
(/sys/netns Xerox)108 601.2 R(NS support code)2.5 E 51.16
(/sys/pdp PDP-11)108 613.2 R(speci\214c mainline code)2.5 E 45.05
(/sys/pdpif PDP-11)108 625.2 R(netw)2.5 E(ork interf)-.1 E(ace code)-.1
E 33.94(/sys/pdpmba PDP-11)108 637.2 R(MASSB)2.5 E(US de)-.1 E(vice dri)
-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rs and related code).15 E 36.72
(/sys/pdpuba PDP-11)108 649.2 R(UNIB)2.5 E(US de)-.1 E(vice dri)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(rs and related code).15 E(Man)97 676.8 Q 4.26(yo)-.15 G
4.26(ft)-4.26 G 1.761(hese directories are referenced through /usr/include with symbolic links.)
-4.26 F -.15(Fo)6.761 G 4.261(re).15 G(xample,)-4.411 E .52
(/usr/include/sys is a symbolic link to /sys/h.)72 688.8 R .519
(The system code, as distrib)5.519 F .519
(uted, is mostly independent of the)-.2 F .392
(include \214les in /usr/include.)72 700.8 R .392
(Unfortunately not all references to /usr/include ha)5.392 F .692 -.15
(ve b)-.2 H .393(een eradicated, so com-).15 F
(piling the system requires the /usr \214le system to be mounted.)72
712.8 Q(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 24)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.2.2. De)72 84 R(vices and de)-.15 E(vice dri)-.15
E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E F0(De)97 99.6 Q 2.214
(vices supported by UNIX are implemented in the k)-.25 F 2.213
(ernel by dri)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.213(rs whose source is k).15 F
2.213(ept in)-.1 F 1.07(/sys/pdp, /sys/pdpuba, or /sys/pdpmba.)72 111.6
R 1.07(These dri)6.07 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.07
(rs are loaded into the system when included in a cpu).15 F .783
(speci\214c con\214guration \214le k)72 123.6 R .783
(ept in the conf directory)-.1 F 5.783(.D)-.65 G -.25(ev)-5.783 G .782
(ices are accessed through special \214les in the \214le).25 F .792
(system, made by the)72 135.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mknod)3.292 E F0
.792(\(8\) program and normally k)1.666 F .792(ept in the /de)-.1 F
3.292(vd)-.25 G(irectory)-3.292 E 5.792(.F)-.65 G .792(or all the de)
-5.942 F .792(vices sup-)-.25 F(ported by the distrib)72 147.6 Q
(ution system, the \214les in /de)-.2 E 2.5(va)-.25 G
(re created by the /de)-2.5 E(v/MAKEDEV shell script.)-.25 E 3.082
(Determine the set of de)97 163.2 R 3.081(vices that you ha)-.25 F 3.381
-.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.081(nd create a ne).15 F 5.581(w/)-.25 G(de)-5.581 E
5.581(vd)-.25 G 3.081(irectory by running the)-5.581 F 3.746
(MAKEDEV script.)72 175.2 R 3.746(First create a ne)8.746 F 6.246(wd)
-.25 G 3.746(irectory /ne)-6.246 F(wde)-.25 E 5.046 -.65(v, c)-.25 H(op)
.65 E 6.247(yM)-.1 G 3.747(AKEDEV into it, edit the \214le)-6.247 F
(MAKEDEV)72 187.2 Q 1.865(.local to pro)-1.29 F 1.864
(vide an entry for local needs, and run it to generate a /ne)-.15 F(wde)
-.25 E 4.364(vd)-.25 G(irectory)-4.364 E 6.864(.F)-.65 G(or)-7.014 E
.535(instance, if your machine has a single DZ11, a single DH11, an RM03 disk, an EMULEX UNIB)
72 199.2 R .535(US SMD)-.1 F(disk controller)72 211.2 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G 2.5
(nA)-2.5 G(MPEX 9300 disk, and a TE16 tape dri)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve y)-.25
H(ou w).15 E(ould do:)-.1 E F1(#)108 229.2 Q F0(cd /)2.5 E F1(#)108
241.2 Q F0(mkdir ne)2.5 E(wde)-.25 E(v)-.25 E F1(#)108 253.2 Q F0(cp de)
2.5 E(v/MAKEDEV ne)-.25 E(wde)-.25 E(v/MAKEDEV)-.25 E F1(#)108 265.2 Q
F0(cd ne)2.5 E(wde)-.25 E(v)-.25 E F1(#)108 277.2 Q F0
(MAKEDEV dz0 dh0 xp0 xp1 ht0 std LOCAL)2.5 E 1.656(Note the `)72 295.2 R
(`std')-.74 E 4.156('a)-.74 G -.18(rg)-4.156 G 1.656
(ument causes standard de).18 F 1.655(vices such as)-.25 F F2(/de)4.155
E(v/console)-.15 E F0 4.155(,t)C 1.655(he machine console,)-4.155 F F2
(/de)4.155 E(v/null)-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)72 307.2 Q(v/tty)-.15 E F0(,)A
F2(/de)2.5 E(v/klo)-.15 E(g)-.1 E F0 2.5(,e)C 2.5(tc. to)-2.5 F
(be created.)2.5 E -1.1(Yo)97 322.8 S 2.5(uc)1.1 G(an then do)-2.5 E F1
(#)108 340.8 Q F0(cd /)2.5 E F1(#)108 352.8 Q F0(mv de)2.5 E 2.5(vo)-.25
G(ldde)-2.5 E 2.5(v;m)-.25 G 2.5(vn)-2.5 G -.25(ew)-2.5 G(de).25 E 2.5
(vd)-.25 G -.25(ev)-2.5 G F1(#)108 364.8 Q F0(sync)2.5 E .809
(to install the ne)72 382.8 R 3.309(wd)-.25 G -.25(ev)-3.309 G .809
(ice directory).25 F(.)-.65 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 .809(As distrib)
3.309 F .809(uted almost all of the de)-.2 F .81
(vice nodes are already present and)-.25 F 1.385(you may wish to remo)72
394.8 R 1.685 -.15(ve u)-.15 H 1.385(nused entries from /de).15 F 3.885
(vt)-.25 G 3.885(os)-3.885 G 1.384(peed up scanning of the directory)
-3.885 F 6.384(.T)-.65 G 1.384(he terminal)-6.384 F .663(nodes are almost certainly incorrect for your site and will need to be deleted and recreated.)
72 406.8 R .664(Directly con-)5.664 F .974(nected terminals should ha)72
418.8 R 1.274 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .974
(he softcarrier bit on in their minor de).15 F .974(vice numbers.)-.25 F
.974(Since MAKEDEV by)5.974 F(def)72 430.8 Q .772(ault creates terminal \(dh, dz, etc\) nodes with the softcarrier bit of)
-.1 F 3.272(fy)-.25 G .772(ou will ha)-3.272 F 1.073 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
3.273(od).15 G .773(elete those nodes)-3.273 F
(and recreate those terminal nodes which are directly connected:)72
442.8 Q F1(#)108 460.8 Q F0(cd /de)2.5 E(v)-.25 E F1(#)108 472.8 Q F0
(rm ttyh0)2.5 E F1(#)108 484.8 Q F0(mknod ttyh0 c 3 128)2.5 E F1 2.5
(4.2.3. Building)72 514.8 R(new system images)2.5 E F0 .811(The k)97
530.4 R .811(ernel con\214guration of each UNIX system is described by a single con\214guration \214le, stored in)
-.1 F(the)72 542.4 Q F2(/sys/conf)3.205 E F0(directory)3.205 E 5.705(.T)
-.65 G .705(he format of this \214le is v)-5.705 F .706
(ery simple consisting of lines starting with an)-.15 F F2(identi\214er)
3.206 E F0(follo)72 554.4 Q .252(wed by a)-.25 F F2(value)2.751 E F0
5.251(.B)C .251(lank lines and an)-5.251 F .251(ything past a `)-.15 F
(`#')-.74 E 2.751('\()-.74 G .251(including the #\) are comments.)-2.751
F .251(This \214le is pro-)5.251 F .304(cessed by the shell script)72
566.4 R F2(con\214g)2.804 E F0 .304(in the same directory)2.804 F 5.304
(.T)-.65 G .304(he manual pages in section 4 of the UNIX manual)-5.304 F
.45(specify the con\214guration lines necessary for v)72 578.4 R .449
(arious de)-.25 F 2.949(vices. A)-.25 F(comprehensi)2.949 E .749 -.15
(ve l)-.25 H .449(ist of system options with).15 F
(descriptions of their meanings and ef)72 590.4 Q
(fects can be found in appendix A.)-.25 E .43
(The con\214guration \214le)97 606 R F2(GENERIC)2.93 E F0 .431
(in the conf directory w)2.93 F .431(as used to b)-.1 F .431
(uild the generic distrib)-.2 F .431(ution k)-.2 F(er)-.1 E(-)-.2 E 2.75
(nel. T)72 618 R 2.75(ob)-.8 G .25
(uild a local con\214guration \214le, cop)-2.95 F 2.75(yG)-.1 G .249
(ENERIC to a ne)-2.75 F 2.749<778c>-.25 G(le)-2.749 E F2(SYSTEM)2.749 E
F0 2.749(,e)C(dit)-2.749 E F2(SYSTEM)2.749 E F0 .249(for your local)
2.749 F .204(system con\214guration, and then type "./con\214g)72 630 R
F2(SYSTEM)2.704 E F0 2.704(". This)B .204(will create the directory)
2.704 F F2(../SYSTEM)2.705 E F0 .205(and cop)2.705 F(y)-.1 E .143
(specially edited \214les into based on the de\214nitions in)72 642 R F2
(SYSTEM)2.642 E F0 5.142(.C)C .142(hange directory into the ne)-5.142 F
2.642(ws)-.25 G .142(ystem direc-)-2.642 F(tory and type "mak)72 654 Q
2.5(ea)-.1 G(ll".)-2.5 E F3<ad>A F0(,)A .32 LW 144 692.8 72 692.8 DL/F4
8/Symbol SF<ad>72 706.4 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF -.88(Yo)5.176 G 2(um).88
G(ust reboot your system before you can remo)-2 E .24 -.12(ve t)-.12 H
(he /oldde).12 E 2(vd)-.2 G(irectory)-2 E(.)-.52 E F4<ad>72 720 Q F5
(note that non-separate systems are not currently supported)5.176 E F0
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 25)172.84 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 84 Q F0
(cp GENERIC)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(SYSTEM)2.5 E F1(#)108 96 Q F0
(TERM=)2.5 E F2(terminal_type)A F0 2.5(;e)C(xport TERM)-2.65 E F1(#)108
108 Q F0(vi)2.5 E F2(SYSTEM)2.5 E F1(#)108 120 Q F0(./con\214g)2.5 E F2
(SYSTEM)2.5 E F1(#)108 132 Q F0(cd ../)2.5 E F2(SYSTEM)A F1(#)108 144 Q
F0(mak)2.5 E(e)-.1 E .523(Note that the o)97 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G .524
(rlay scheme in the Mak).15 F .524(e\214le copied into the ne)-.1 F
3.024(ws)-.25 G .524(ystem directory may f)-3.024 F .524(ail because)-.1
F .681(either the)72 177.6 R F2 .681(base se)3.181 F(gment)-.4 E F0 .681
(is too small, too lar)3.181 F .681(ge or one or more)-.18 F F2 -.1(ov)
3.181 G .681(erlay se).1 F(gments)-.4 E F0 .681(are too lar)3.181 F
3.181(ge. If)-.18 F .681(this hap-)3.181 F .086
(pens the system objects will ha)72 189.6 R .386 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.587
(ob).15 G 2.587(er)-2.587 G .087(e-arranged in the)-2.587 F F2(base)
2.587 E F0(and)2.587 E F2 -.1(ov)2.587 G(erlay).1 E F0(se)2.587 E 2.587
(gments. The)-.15 F .087(comments in the)2.587 F(Mak)72 201.6 Q
(e\214le should mak)-.1 E 2.5(ei)-.1 G 2.5(tf)-2.5 G(airly clear what the restrictions on object placement are in the system.)
-2.6 E .458(The con\214gured system image `)97 217.2 R(`unix')-.74 E
.458('\210 should be copied to the root, and then booted to try it out.)
-.74 F(It)5.457 E .232(is best to sa)72 229.2 R .532 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
.232(he old k).15 F .232(ernel to a kno)-.1 F .232
(wn name so as not to destro)-.25 F 2.732(yt)-.1 G .233(he w)-2.732 F
.233(orking system until you')-.1 F .233(re sure the)-.5 F(ne)72 241.2 Q
2.736(wo)-.25 G .236(ne does w)-2.736 F 2.736(ork. It)-.1 F .235(is an)
2.736 F F1(better)2.735 E F0 .235(idea to ha)2.735 F .535 -.15(ve a n)
-.2 H .235(on netw).15 F .235(ork k)-.1 F .235(ernel \(/emer)-.1 F(genc)
-.18 E .235(yunix\) al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .235(ys k).1 F .235
(ept on the)-.1 F(system:)72 253.2 Q F1(#)108 271.2 Q F0
(cp /unix /oldunix)2.5 E F1(#)108 283.2 Q F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5(ei)-.1 G
(nstall)-2.5 E F1(#)108 295.2 Q F0(sync)2.5 E 1.886 -.8(To b)72 313.2 T
.286(oot the ne).8 F 2.786(wv)-.25 G .286
(ersion of the system you should follo)-2.936 F 2.787(wt)-.25 G .287
(he bootstrap procedures outlined in section titled)-2.787 F -.74(``)72
325.2 S F1 .867(Bootstrap and shutdo).74 F .867(wn pr)-.1 F(ocedur)-.18
E(es)-.18 E F0 2.347 -.74('' A s)D .867
(ystematic scheme for numbering and sa).74 F .867(ving old v)-.2 F .866
(ersions of)-.15 F(the system may be useful.)72 337.2 Q F1 2.5
(4.3. Disk)72 361.2 R(con\214guration)2.5 E F0 .773
(This section describes ho)97 376.8 R 3.273(wt)-.25 G 3.273(ol)-3.273 G
.773(ayout \214le systems to mak)-3.273 F 3.273(eu)-.1 G .773
(se of the a)-3.273 F -.25(va)-.2 G .773(ilable space and to balance).25
F(disk load for better system performance.)72 388.8 Q F1 2.5
(4.3.1. Disk)72 412.8 R(naming and di)2.5 E(visions)-.1 E F0 .13
(Each ph)97 428.4 R .13(ysical disk dri)-.05 F .43 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .13
(an be di).15 F .129
(vided into up to 8 partitions; UNIX typically uses only 3 or 4 parti-)
-.25 F 2.551(tions. F)72 440.4 R .051(or instance, on an RP06 the \214rst partition, xp0a, is used for a root \214le system, a backup thereof, or a)
-.15 F .701(small \214le system lik)72 452.4 R .701
(e, /tmp; the second partition, xp0b, is used for sw)-.1 F .701
(apping or a small \214le system; and a)-.1 F(combination of the remaining partitions \(xp0d, xp0e, xp0f, xp0g, xp0h\) w)
72 464.4 Q(ould hold user \214le systems.)-.1 E F1 -.65(Wa)122 492 S
-.15(rn).65 G(ing:).15 E F0 .766
(for disks on which DEC standard 144 bad sector forw)5.765 F .766
(arding is supported, the last)-.1 F .545(track and up to 126 preceding sectors contain replacement sectors and bad sector lists.)
97 504 R(Disk-to-disk)5.545 E .37(copies should be careful to a)97 516 R
-.2(vo)-.2 G .37(id o).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .37
(rwriting this information.).15 F(See)5.37 E F2(bad144)2.871 E F0 2.871
(\(8\). Bad)1.666 F .371(sector forw)2.871 F(ard-)-.1 E .657
(ing is optional in the)97 528 R F1(hk)3.157 E F0(and)3.157 E F1(xp)
3.157 E F0(dri)3.157 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.157(rs. The).15 F .657
(partition sizes listed in)3.157 F F2(/etc/disktab)3.156 E F0(that)3.156
E F2(ne)3.156 E(wfs)-.15 E F0 .656(\(8\) uses)1.666 F .387
(automatically reserv)97 540 R 2.887(et)-.15 G .387
(he maximum amount of room that may be used by bad block forw)-2.887 F
.388(arding on a)-.1 F(disk.)97 552 Q .176
(Note also that bad144 style bad block forw)122 567.6 R(arding)-.1 E F2
.175(can not)2.675 F F0 .175(be used with SI controllers on the xp)2.675
F(dri)97 579.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.934(ra).15 G 2.934(st)-2.934 G .434
(he controllers use their o)-2.934 F .435
(wn internal scheme for bad block forw)-.25 F .435
(arding, and you can in f)-.1 F(act)-.1 E(mak)97 591.6 Q 3.225(ey)-.1 G
.724(our disks unusable on the SI controllers if you write an)-3.225 F
.724(ything in the last \214v)-.15 F 3.224(ec)-.15 G 3.224
(ylinders. The)-3.374 F(partition sizes in)97 603.6 Q F2(/etc/disktab)
2.5 E F0(also handle this constraint automatically)2.5 E(.)-.65 E .98
(The generic distrib)122 619.2 R .98(ution k)-.2 F .98
(ernel does not do bad block forw)-.1 F 3.48(arding. There)-.1 F .98
(is unfortunately no)3.48 F -.1(wa)97 631.2 S 2.829(yt).1 G 2.829(or)
-2.829 G .329(un bad144 style bad block forw)-2.829 F .329
(arding on some of your disks, b)-.1 F .329(ut not others.)-.2 F .329
(As a \214nal b)5.329 F(ug,)-.2 E 1.863(the hk and xp dri)97 643.2 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.863(rs do not reread the bad sector forw).15 F 1.863
(arding information when disk packs are)-.1 F
(changed and so will erroneously use bad block forw)97 655.2 Q
(arding information from the wrong packs!)-.1 E 1.324(The space a)97
682.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.324(ilable on a disk v).25 F 1.323
(aries, not surprisingly)-.25 F 3.823(,p)-.65 G 1.323(er de)-3.823 F
3.823(vice. Disklabels)-.25 F(mak)3.823 E 3.823(eat)-.1 G 1.323(able gi)
-3.823 F(ving)-.25 E .18(sizes meaningless since there are no prede\214ned partition sizes embedded in the k)
72 694.8 R .181(ernel an)-.1 F 2.681(yl)-.15 G(onger)-2.681 E 5.181(.T)
-.55 G .181(he root)-5.181 F .622(\214lesystem \()72 706.8 R F1(a)A F0
3.121(\)m)C .621(ust be at least 4Mb, preferably 6 to 7Mb if possible.)
-3.121 F .621(The sw)5.621 F .621(ap area \(almost al)-.1 F -.1(wa)-.1 G
.621(ys the).1 F F1(b)3.121 E .32 LW 144 714.8 72 714.8 DL/F3 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF 6<886f>72 728.4 S 2(nn)-6 G(etw)-2 E(ork)-.08 E
(ed systems there are tw)-.08 E 2(oi)-.08 G(mages)-2 E/F4 8
/Times-Italic@0 SF(unix)2 E F3 2(,a)C(nd)-2 E F4(netnix)2 E F3(.)A F0
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 26)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E .589
(partition\) should be about 3Mb or so.)72 84 R .59
(If your system has a small amount \(less than 2Mb\) of memory you)5.589
F .191(will need more sw)72 96 R .191(ap space, perhaps 4 or 5Mb)-.1 F
5.191(.I)-.4 G 2.691(ti)-5.191 G 2.69(sar)-2.691 G .19
(are case where more than 5 or 6Mb of sw)-2.69 F .19(ap space is)-.1 F
5.452(required. The)72 108 R .453
(system will run out of other resources by the time enough acti)2.952 F
.453(vity is generated to need that)-.25 F(much sw)72 120 Q(ap space.)
-.1 E .235(The system \(boot\) disk has a sw)97 135.6 R .235
(apping area and a root \214le system.)-.1 F .235(Other dri)5.235 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.735(sm).15 G .235(ay use those parti-)-2.735 F .538
(tions for data.)72 147.6 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Remember:)5.538 E F0
(the)3.038 E F1(a)3.038 E F0 .538(partition must start at sector 0 or)
3.038 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(disklabel)3.038 E F0 .538
(\(8\) or else the k)1.666 F .539(ernel will not)-.1 F
(be able to read/write the label.)72 159.6 Q .44(The distrib)97 175.2 R
.44(uted system binaries occup)-.2 F 2.94(ya)-.1 G .44(bout 34 Me)-2.94
F -.05(ga)-.15 G .44(bytes while the major sources occup).05 F 2.94(ya)
-.1 G(nother)-2.94 E .84(36 Me)72 187.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.34
(bytes. Adding).05 F .84(in the miscellaneous sources, a fe)3.34 F 3.341
(wl)-.25 G .841(ocate w)-3.341 F .841
(orks of art bring the total for a com-)-.1 F 1.122
(plete system to about 90 Me)72 199.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.622
(bytes. This).05 F -.15(ove)3.622 G(r\215o).15 E 1.122
(ws RK07, RL02 and RM03 systems, b)-.25 F 1.121(ut \214ts easily on)-.2
F .566(most other hardw)72 211.2 R .566(are con\214gurations.)-.1 F .567
(2.11BSD is quite happ)5.566 F 3.067(yo)-.1 G 3.067(nR)-3.067 G .567
(D54 or lar)-3.067 F(ger)-.18 E 5.567(.S)-.55 G .567
(imply \214tting the distri-)-5.567 F -.2(bu)72 223.2 S .307(tion isn')
.2 F 2.807(te)-.18 G .307(nough, there must still be space left for user \214les, objects when compiling programs, spooling)
-2.807 F(directories, usw)72 235.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.039(Be a)97 250.8 R -.1
(wa)-.15 G 1.039(re that the disks ha).1 F 1.339 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.04(heir sizes measured in disk sectors \(512 bytes\), while the UNIX \214le)
.15 F .982(system blocks are 1024 bytes each.)72 262.8 R .982
(Thus if a disk partition has 10000 sectors \(disk blocks\), it will ha)
5.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .489(only 5000 UNIX \214le system blocks, and you)
72 274.8 R F2(must)2.989 E F0(di)2.989 E .489
(vide by 2 to use 5000 when specifying the size to the)-.25 F F2(mkfs)72
286.8 Q F0 .909(command for instance.)3.409 F(The)5.909 E F2(ne)3.409 E
(wfs)-.15 E F0 .909
(\(8\) program performs this calculation automatically)1.666 F 8.408(.Y)
-.65 G .908(ou should)-9.508 F F1(ne)72 298.8 Q -.1(ve)-.15 G(r).1 E F0
.158(need to run)2.658 F F2(mkfs)2.659 E F0(manually)2.659 E 5.159(.A)
-.65 G .159(ll user programs report disk space in kilobytes and, where needed, disk)
-5.159 F .018(sizes are al)72 310.8 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .017
(ys speci\214ed in units of sectors.).1 F .017
(The /etc/disktab \214le used in making \214le systems speci\214es disk)
5.017 F .784(partition sizes in sectors; the def)72 322.8 R .784
(ault sector size may be o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .784(rridden with the `)
.15 F(`se')-.74 E 3.284('a)-.74 G(ttrib)-3.284 E(ute.)-.2 E F1(Note)
5.784 E F0 .785(that the)3.285 F 2.102
(only sector size currently supported is NBPG as de\214ned in)72 334.8 R
F2(/sys/pdp/mac)4.602 E(hpar)-.15 E(am.h)-.15 E F0 7.102(.T)C 2.102
(his restriction is)-7.102 F .725(enforced in se)72 346.8 R -.15(ve)-.25
G .725(ral places in the disklabeling process as a safe).15 F .725
(guard ag)-.15 F .725(ainst specifying a sector size other)-.05 F 2.23
(than NBPG \(512\).)72 358.8 R(An)7.23 E 4.73(yo)-.15 G 2.229
(ther sector size w)-4.73 F 2.229
(ould produce strange results and almost certainly curdled)-.1 F
(\214lesystems.)72 370.8 Q F1 2.5(4.3.2. Lay)72 394.8 R
(out considerations)-.25 E F0 .736(There are se)97 410.4 R -.15(ve)-.25
G .736(ral considerations in deciding ho).15 F 3.237(wt)-.25 G 3.237(oa)
-3.237 G .737(djust the arrangement of things on your disks.)-3.237 F
.569(The most important is making sure that there is adequate space for what is required; secondarily)
72 422.4 R 3.069(,t)-.65 G(hrough-)-3.069 E 1.31
(put should be maximized.)72 434.4 R(Sw)6.31 E 1.31(ap space is an important parameter since it de\214nes the maximum process)
-.1 F .072(image load that may be run.)72 446.4 R .072
(If, for instance, your sw)5.072 F .071
(ap area were smaller than the amount of main memory)-.1 F -.2(av)72
458.4 S(ailable after the k)-.05 E
(ernel took its share, some of your memory w)-.1 E(ould ne)-.1 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rb).15 G 2.5(eu)-2.5 G(sed.)-2.5 E(Man)97 474 Q 3.599(yc)
-.15 G 1.099(ommon system programs \(C, the editor)-3.599 F 3.599(,t)-.4
G 1.099(he assembler etc.\))-3.599 F 1.1
(create intermediate \214les in the)6.099 F .889(/tmp directory)72 486 R
3.389(,s)-.65 G 3.389(ot)-3.389 G .888
(he \214le system where this is stored also should be made lar)-3.389 F
.888(ge enough to accommodate)-.18 F .557(most high-w)72 498 R .557
(ater marks; if you ha)-.1 F .857 -.15(ve s)-.2 H -2.15 -.25(ev e).15 H
.557(ral disks, it mak).25 F .558(es sense to mount this in a `)-.1 F
(`root')-.74 E 3.058('\()-.74 G .558(i.e. \214rst parti-)-3.058 F .215
(tion\) \214le system on another disk.)72 510 R .215
(All the programs that create \214les in /tmp tak)5.215 F 2.715(ec)-.1 G
.215(are to delete them, b)-2.715 F .215(ut are)-.2 F .721
(not immune to rare e)72 522 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .721(nts and can lea).15 F
1.022 -.15(ve d)-.2 H(re).15 E 3.222(gs. The)-.15 F .722
(directory should be e)3.222 F .722(xamined e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
(ry so often and the).15 F(old \214les deleted.)72 534 Q .667(The ef)97
549.6 R(\214cienc)-.25 E 3.167(yw)-.15 G .667
(ith which UNIX is able to use the CPU is often strongly af)-3.167 F
.666(fected by the con\214gura-)-.25 F .855(tion of disk controllers.)72
561.6 R -.15(Fo)5.855 G 3.355(rg).15 G .855
(eneral time-sharing applications, the best strate)-3.355 F .856
(gy is to try to split the most)-.15 F(acti)72 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly-used sections among se).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral disk arms.).15 E
.032(It is critical for good performance to balance disk load.)97 589.2
R .032(There are at least \214v)5.032 F 2.531(ec)-.15 G .031
(omponents of the disk)-2.531 F(load that you can di)72 601.2 Q
(vide between the a)-.25 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable disks:).25 E
(1. The root \214le system.)108 619.2 Q(2. The /tmp \214le system.)108
631.2 Q(3. The /usr \214le system.)108 643.2 Q(4. The user \214les.)108
655.2 Q(5. The sw)108 667.2 Q(apping acti)-.1 E(vity)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
(The follo)72 685.2 Q(wing possibilities are ones that ha)-.25 E .3 -.15
(ve b)-.2 H(een used at times when 2, 3 and 4 disks were a).15 E -.25
(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 27)172.84 E .4 LW 355.77 76.5 220.23 76.5 DL 353.77
78.5 222.23 78.5 DL(disks)307.35 88 Q 37.32(what 2)225.23 100 R 25.64
(34)15 G 353.77 104.5 222.23 104.5 DL 56.48(/0)225.23 114 S 25.64(00)
-41.48 G 41.2(tmp 1)225.23 126 R 25.64(23)15 G 44.54(usr 1)225.23 138 R
25.64(11)15 G(sw)225.23 150 Q(apping)-.1 E/F1 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 -6.86
15(02 2)15 H 36.21(users 0)225.23 162 R 12.5(0+2 0+2)15 F(archi)225.23
174 Q 28.03 -.15(ve x)-.25 H 25.64(x3)15.15 G 353.77 178.5 222.23 178.5
DL 327.63 90.5 327.63 178.5 DL 296.99 90.5 296.99 178.5 DL 276.99 78.5
276.99 178.5 DL 353.77 78.5 353.77 178.5 DL 222.23 78.5 222.23 178.5 DL
355.77 180.5 220.23 180.5 DL 220.23 76.5 220.23 180.5 DL 355.77 76.5
355.77 180.5 DL .829(The most important things to consider are to e)97
197.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.329(no).15 G .83
(ut the disk load as much as possible, and to do)-3.329 F .53(this by decoupling \214le systems \(on separate arms\) between which hea)
72 209.6 R .53(vy cop)-.2 F .53(ying occurs.)-.1 F .53(Note that a long)
5.53 F .103(term a)72 221.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G .103
(rage balanced load is not important; it is much more important to ha)
.15 F .403 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.604(ni).15 G .104(nstantaneously balanced)
-2.604 F 1.119(load when the system is b)72 233.6 R(usy)-.2 E 6.119(.W)
-.65 G 1.119(hen placing se)-6.119 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.118(ral b).15 F
1.118(usy \214le systems on the same disk, it is helpful to)-.2 F
(group them together to minimize arm mo)72 245.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(ment, with less acti).15 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(le systems of).15 E
2.5(ft)-.25 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(he side.)-2.5 E .785(Intelligent e)97 261.2
R .785(xperimentation with a fe)-.15 F 3.286<778c>-.25 G .786
(le system arrangements can pay of)-3.286 F 3.286(fi)-.25 G 3.286(nm)
-3.286 G .786(uch impro)-3.286 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.286(dp).15 G(er)-3.286
E(-)-.2 E 4.263(formance. It)72 273.2 R 1.763
(is particularly easy to mo)4.263 F 2.062 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.762
(he root, the /tmp \214le system and the sw).15 F 1.762(apping area.)-.1
F(Note,)6.762 E .25(though, that the disks containing the root and sw)72
285.2 R .251(apping area can ne)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.751(rb).15 G
2.751(er)-2.751 G(emo)-2.751 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.751(dw).15 G .251
(hile UNIX is running.)-2.751 F .347(Place the user \214les and the /usr directory as space needs dictate and e)
72 297.2 R .347(xperiment with the other)-.15 F 2.847(,m)-.4 G .347
(ore easily)-2.847 F(mo)72 309.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5<648c>.15 G
(le systems.)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.3.3. Implementing)72
333.2 R 2.5(al)2.5 G(ay)-2.5 E(out)-.25 E F0 1.749 -.8(To p)97 348.8 T
.149(ut a chosen disk layout into ef).8 F .149(fect, you should use the)
-.25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)2.649 E(wfs)-.15 E F0 .149
(\(8\) command to create each ne)1.666 F 2.65<778c>-.25 G(le)-2.65 E
3.358(system. Each)72 360.8 R .858(\214le system must also be added to the \214le /etc/fstab so that it will be check)
3.358 F .857(ed and mounted)-.1 F(when the system is bootstrapped.)72
372.8 Q .231(As an e)97 388.4 R .231
(xample, consider a system with RA80')-.15 F 2.731(s. On)-.55 F .232
(the \214rst RA80, ra0, we will put the root \214le sys-)2.732 F .719(tem in ra0a, and the /usr \214le system in ra0c, which has enough space to hold it and then some.)
72 400.4 R .719(The /tmp)5.719 F .155(directory will be part of the root \214le system, as no \214le system will be mounted on /tmp.)
72 412.4 R .156(If we had only one)5.156 F(RA80, we w)72 424.4 Q(ould put user \214les in the ra0c partition with the system source and binaries.)
-.1 E .571(If we had a second RA80, we w)97 440 R .571(ould place)-.1 F
F3(/usr)3.071 E F0 .57(in ra1c.)3.071 F 2.17 -.8(We w)5.57 H .57
(ould put user \214les in ra0c, calling the).7 F .19
(\214le system /mnt.)72 452 R 1.791 -.8(We w)5.191 H .191(ould put sw).7
F .191(ap on)-.1 F F3 -.15(ra)2.691 G(0b).15 E F0 5.191(.W)C 2.691(ew)
-5.991 G .191(ould k)-2.791 F .191(eep a backup cop)-.1 F 2.691(yo)-.1 G
2.691(ft)-2.691 G .191(he root \214le system in the)-2.691 F F2(ra1a)72
464 Q F0(disk partition and put /tmp on)2.5 E F3 -.15(ra)2.5 G(1b).15 E
F0(.)A F3(/etc/fstab)5 E F0 -.1(wo)2.5 G(uld then contain).1 E(/de)108
482 Q(v/ra0a:/:rw:1:1)-.25 E(/de)108 494 Q(v/ra0b::sw::)-.25 E(/de)108
506 Q(v/ra0c:/mnt:rw:1:2)-.25 E(/de)108 518 Q(v/ra1b:/tmp:rw::)-.25 E
(/de)108 530 Q(v/ra1c:/usr:rw:1:2)-.25 E 1.6 -.8(To m)97 551.6 T(ak).8 E
2.5(et)-.1 G(he /mnt \214le system we w)-2.5 E(ould do:)-.1 E F2(#)108
569.6 Q F0(cd /de)2.5 E(v)-.25 E F2(#)108 581.6 Q F0(MAKEDEV ra1)2.5 E
F2(#)108 593.6 Q F0(ne)2.5 E(wfs ra1c ra80)-.25 E
(\(information about \214le system prints out\))108 605.6 Q
(\(to specify an alternate)108 617.6 Q F3(m)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G
(lue: ne).25 E(wfs -m # ra1c ra80\))-.25 E
(\(where # is between 1 and 31\))108 629.6 Q F2(#)108 641.6 Q F0
(mkdir /mnt)2.5 E F2(#)108 653.6 Q F0(mount /de)2.5 E(v/ra1c /mnt)-.25 E
.32 LW 144 686.4 72 686.4 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 700 Q/F5 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF .234(Note also, that only a single sw)5.176 F .234
(apping area is supported.)-.08 F(The)4.234 E/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF
(swapon)2.234 E F5 .235(\(2\) system call and multiple sw)1.333 F
(apping)-.08 E 1.669(areas ha)82 710 R -.12(ve)-.16 G/F7 8/Times-Bold@0
SF(not)3.789 E F5 1.669(been implemented under 2.11BSD \(yet.)3.669 F
1.669(no real need since enough other resources are)5.669 F -.12(ex)82
720 S(hausted by the time a 4mb 11/73 needs additional sw).12 E
(ap space\).)-.08 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 28)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.4. Con\214guring)72 84 R(terminals)2.5 E F0 .458
(If UNIX is to support simultaneous access from directly-connected terminals other than the console,)
97 99.6 R(the \214le)72 111.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/ttys)2.5 E
F0(\()2.5 E F2(ttys)A F0(\(5\)\) must be edited.)1.666 E -.7(Te)97 127.2
S 1.099(rminals connected via DZ11 interf).7 F 1.099(aces are con)-.1 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G 1.099(ntionally named).15 F F1(ttyDD)3.599 E F0 1.1
(where DD is a decimal)3.599 F(number)72 139.2 Q 2.847(,t)-.4 G .347
(he `)-2.847 F .347(`minor de)-.74 F(vice')-.25 E 2.847('n)-.74 G(umber)
-2.847 E 5.347(.T)-.55 G .347(he lines on dz0 are named /de)-5.347 F
.346(v/tty00, /de)-.25 F .346(v/tty01, ... /de)-.25 F 2.846(v/tty07. By)
-.25 F(con)72 151.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G .074
(ntion, all other terminal names are of the form).15 F F1(tty)2.575 E F0
.075(CX, where C is an alphabetic character according to)B .525
(the type of terminal multiple)72 163.2 R .525(xor and its unit number)
-.15 F 3.025(,a)-.4 G .525
(nd X is a digit for the \214rst ten lines on the interf)-3.025 F(ace)
-.1 E .024(and an increasing lo)72 175.2 R .025
(wer case letter for the rest of the lines.)-.25 F 2.525(Ci)5.025 G
2.525(sd)-2.525 G .025(e\214ned for the number of interf)-2.525 F .025
(aces of each)-.1 F .239(type listed belo)72 187.2 R 4.039 -.65(w. S)
-.25 H .238(ince tty structures are approximately 78 bytes each, it is highly doubtful that more than)
.65 F 2.5(3o)72 199.2 S 2.5(r4t)-2.5 G(erminal interf)-2.5 E
(ace boards will e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rb).15 G 2.5(ea)-2.5 G
(ttached to a PDP-11 \(especially in a B)-2.5 E(A23 cabinet\).)-.35 E .4
LW 426.89 215.7 185.11 215.7 DL(Interf)190.11 225.2 Q 70.26(ace Number)
-.1 F(of lines)2.5 E(Number of)15 E -.8(Ty)197.95 237.2 S 20.34
(pe Characters).8 F(per board)28.475 E(Interf)30.615 E(aces)-.1 E 426.89
241.7 185.11 241.7 DL 26.555(DZ11 see)190.11 251.2 R(abo)2.5 E 47.25
-.15(ve 8)-.15 H(10)59.445 E 38.205(DH11 h-o)190.11 263.2 R 61.795(16 8)
57.21 F 30.15(DHU11 S-Z)190.11 275.2 R 61.795(16 8)56.375 F 49.865
(pty p-u)190.11 287.2 R 61.795(16 6)57.21 F 426.89 291.7 185.11 291.7 DL
426.89 215.7 426.89 291.7 DL 185.11 215.7 185.11 291.7 DL 2.495 -.8
(To a)97 314.8 T .895(dd a ne).8 F 3.395(wt)-.25 G .895(erminal de)
-3.395 F .895(vice, be sure the de)-.25 F .896
(vice is con\214gured into the system and that the special)-.25 F .455
(\214les for the de)72 326.8 R .455(vice ha)-.25 F .755 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
.455(een made by /de).15 F(v/MAKEDEV)-.25 E 5.455(.T)-1.29 G .455
(hen, enable the appropriate lines of /etc/ttys by)-5.455 F .078
(setting the `)72 338.8 R(`status')-.74 E 2.578<278c>-.74 G .078(eld to)
-2.578 F F1(on)2.578 E F0 .078(\(or add ne)2.578 F 2.578(wl)-.25 G 2.578
(ines\). Note)-2.578 F .079(that lines in)2.578 F F2(/etc/ttys)2.579 E
F0 .079(are one-for)2.579 F .079(-one with entries in)-.2 F .814
(the \214le of current users \()72 350.8 R F2(/var/run/utmp)A F0 .814
(\), and therefore it is best to mak)B 3.313(ec)-.1 G .813
(hanges while running in single-)-3.313 F
(user mode and to add all of the entries for a ne)72 362.8 Q 2.5(wd)-.25
G -.25(ev)-2.5 G(ice at once.).25 E .457(The format of the /etc/ttys \214le is the same in 2.11BSD as in 2.10BSD and 4.3BSD.)
97 378.4 R .457(Each line in the)5.457 F .102(\214le is brok)72 390.4 R
.102(en into four tab separated \214elds \(comments are sho)-.1 F .102
(wn by a `#' character and e)-.25 F .102(xtend to the end of)-.15 F .012
(the line\).)72 402.4 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(re).15 G .012
(ach terminal line the four \214elds are: the de)-2.512 F .012
(vice \(without a leading /de)-.25 F .013(v\), the program /etc/init)
-.25 F 1.866(should startup to service the line \(or)72 414.4 R F1(none)
4.366 E F0 1.866
(if the line is to be left alone\), the terminal type \(found in)4.366 F
2.159(/etc/termcap\), and optional status information describing if the terminal is enabled or not and if it is)
72 426.4 R -.74(``)72 438.4 S(secure').74 E 3.299('\()-.74 G .799
(i.e. the super user should be allo)-3.299 F .798
(wed to login on the line\).)-.25 F .798
(All \214elds are character strings with)5.798 F .064
(entries requiring embedded white space enclosed in double quotes.)72
450.4 R .064(Thus a ne)5.064 F .065(wly added terminal /de)-.25 F
(v/tty00)-.25 E(could be added as)72 462.4 Q 1.94(tty00 "/usr/libe)108
480.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(c/getty std.9600").15 E -.28(vt100 on)11.03 F
9.46(secure #)2.5 F(Ste)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.1 -.55('s o).15 H -.25
<668c>.55 G(ce).25 E .476(The std.9600 parameter pro)72 498.4 R .476
(vided to /usr/libe)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .476
(c/getty is used in searching the \214le /etc/gettytab; it speci\214es)
.15 F 2.859(at)72 510.4 S(erminal')-2.859 E 2.859(sc)-.55 G .359
(haracteristics \(such as baud rate\).)-2.859 F 1.96 -.8(To m)5.36 H(ak)
.8 E 2.86(ec)-.1 G .36(ustom terminal types, consult)-2.86 F F2 -.1(ge)
2.86 G(ttytab).1 E F0 .36(\(5\) before)1.666 F(modifying /etc/gettytab)
72 522.4 Q(.)-.4 E 1.036(Dialup terminals should be wired so that carrier is asserted only when the phone line is dialed up.)
97 538 R -.15(Fo)72 550 S 2.751(rn).15 G .252
(on-dialup terminals from which modem control is not a)-2.751 F -.25(va)
-.2 G .252(ilable, you must either wire back the signals).25 F .932
(so that the carrier appears to al)72 562 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .932
(ys be present, or sho).1 F 3.431(wi)-.25 G 3.431(nt)-3.431 G .931
(he minor de)-3.431 F .931(vice number that carrier is to be)-.25 F .642
(assumed to be present by adding 128 decimal to the minor de)72 574 R
.642(vice number when creating the de)-.25 F .642(vice node.)-.25 F
(This dif)72 586 Q
(fers from 4.3BSD where the softcarrier state is speci\214ed at k)-.25 E
(ernel con\214guration time.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)97 601.6 S 3.412(rn).15 G
(etw)-3.412 E .912(ork terminals \(i.e. pseudo terminals\), no program should be started up on the lines.)
-.1 F(Thus,)5.912 E(the normal entry in /etc/ttys w)72 613.6 Q
(ould look lik)-.1 E(e)-.1 E 1.94(ttyp0 none)108 631.6 R(netw)5.56 E
(ork)-.1 E(\(Note the fourth \214eld is not needed here.\))72 649.6 Q
.784(When the system is running multi-user)97 665.2 R 3.284(,a)-.4 G
.784(ll terminals that are listed in /etc/ttys as)-3.284 F F1(on)3.284 E
F0(ha)3.284 E 1.085 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .785(heir line).15 F 1.643
(are enabled.)72 677.2 R 1.642(If, during normal operations, it is desired to disable a terminal line, you can edit the \214le)
6.643 F(/etc/ttys to change the terminal')72 689.2 Q 2.5(ss)-.55 G
(tatus to)-2.5 E F1(off)2.5 E F0(and then send a hangup signal to the)
2.5 E F2(init)2.5 E F0(process, by doing)2.5 E F1(#)108 707.2 Q F0
(kill \2551 1)2.5 E -.7(Te)72 725.2 S .276
(rminals can similarly be enabled by changing the status \214eld from).7
F F1(off)2.776 E F0(to)2.776 E F1(on)2.776 E F0 .276
(and sending a hangup signal)2.776 F(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 29)172.84 E(to)72 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(init)2.5 E F0(.)A .495
(Note that if a special \214le is inaccessible when)97 99.6 R F1(init)
2.995 E F0 .495(tries to create a process for it, init will log a mes-)
2.995 F 1.089(sage to the system error logging process \(/usr/sbin/syslogd\) and try to reopen the terminal e)
72 111.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.09(ry minute,).15 F .751(reprinting the w)72
123.6 R .751(arning message e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .751(ry 10 minutes.)
.15 F .75(Messages of this sort are normally printed on the con-)5.751 F
.285(sole, though other actions may occur depending on the con\214guration information found in /etc/syslog.conf.)
72 135.6 R .601(Finally note that you should change the names of an)97
151.2 R 3.101(yd)-.15 G .6(ialup terminals to ttyd?)-3.101 F .6
(where ? is in [0-9a-)5.6 F .459(zA-Z], as some programs use this property of the names to determine if a terminal is a dialup.)
72 163.2 R .46(Shell com-)5.46 F
(mands to do this should be put in the /de)72 175.2 Q(v/MAKEDEV)-.25 E
(.local script.)-1.29 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.5. Adding)72 199.2 R
(users)2.5 E F0(Ne)97 214.8 Q 2.944(wu)-.25 G .443
(sers can be added to the system by adding a line to the passw)-2.944 F
.443(ord \214le /etc/passwd.)-.1 F .443(The proce-)5.443 F
(dure for adding a ne)72 226.8 Q 2.5(wu)-.25 G(ser is described in)-2.5
E F1(adduser)2.5 E F0(\(8\).)1.666 E -1.1(Yo)97 242.4 S 2.864(us)1.1 G
.364(hould add accounts for the initial user community)-2.864 F 2.864
(,g)-.65 G -.25(iv)-2.864 G .365(ing each a directory and a passw).25 F
.365(ord, and)-.1 F(putting users who will wish to share softw)72 254.4
Q(are in the same groups.)-.1 E(Se)97 270 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .624
(ral guest accounts ha).15 F .924 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .624(een pro).15 F
.624(vided on the distrib)-.15 F .623
(ution system; these accounts are for people)-.2 F .252(at Berk)72 282 R
(ele)-.1 E 1.552 -.65(y, B)-.15 H .252
(ell Laboratories, and others who ha).65 F .552 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .252
(one major w).15 F .252(ork on UNIX in the past.)-.1 F -1.1(Yo)5.253 G
2.753(uc)1.1 G .253(an delete)-2.753 F .159(these accounts, or lea)72
294 R .459 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .159(hem on the system if you e).15 F .159
(xpect that these people w)-.15 F .159(ould ha)-.1 F .459 -.15(ve o)-.2
H .159(ccasion to login as).15 F(guests on your system.)72 306 Q F2 2.5
(4.6. Site)72 330 R(tailoring)2.5 E F0 2.017
(All programs that require the site')97 345.6 R 4.517(sn)-.55 G 2.017
(ame, or some similar characteristic, obtain the information)-4.517 F
.318(through system calls or from \214les located in /etc.)72 357.6 R
.318(Aside from parts of the system related to the netw)5.318 F .317
(ork, to)-.1 F(tailor the system to your site you must simply select a site name, then edit the \214le)
72 369.6 Q(/etc/netstart)108 387.6 Q(At or about line 25 in /etc/netstart you should \214nd a line similar to:)
72 405.6 Q(/bin/hostname)108 423.6 Q F1(myname)2.5 E(.my)-.15 E(.domain)
-.55 E F0 .77(de\214nes the v)72 441.6 R .771(alue returned by the)-.25
F F1 -.1(ge)3.271 G(thostname).1 E F0 .771(\(2\) system call.)1.666 F
-1.1(Yo)5.771 G .771(ur hostname should be your fully quali-)1.1 F .422
(\214ed domain name.)72 453.6 R .422(Programs such as)5.422 F F1 -.1(ge)
2.921 G(tty).1 E F0(\(8\),)1.666 E F1(mail)2.921 E F0(\(1\),)1.666 E F1
(wall)2.921 E F0(\(1\),)1.666 E F1(uucp)2.921 E F0 .421(\(1\), and)1.666
F F1(who)2.921 E F0 .421(\(1\) use this system call)1.666 F
(so that the binary images are site independent.)72 465.6 Q F2 2.5
(4.7. Setting)72 489.6 R(up the mail system)2.5 E F0
(The mail system consists of the follo)97 505.2 Q(wing commands:)-.25 E
53.85(/bin/mail old)108 529.2 R(standard mail program,)2.5 E F1(binmail)
2.5 E F0(\(1\))1.666 E 37.19(/usr/ucb/mail UCB)108 541.2 R
(mail program, described in)2.5 E F1(mail)2.5 E F0(\(1\))1.666 E 16.63
(/usr/sbin/sendmail mail)108 553.2 R(routing program)2.5 E 29.96
(/usr/spool/mail mail)108 565.2 R(spooling directory)2.5 E 46.09
(/etc/aliases mail)108 577.2 R(forw)2.5 E(arding information)-.1 E
(/usr/bin/ne)108 589.2 Q -.1(wa)-.25 G 13.66(liases command).1 F(to reb)
2.5 E(uild binary forw)-.2 E(arding database)-.1 E(/usr/ucb/bif)108
601.2 Q 43.28(fm)-.25 G(ail noti\214cation enabler)-43.28 E/F3 10/Symbol
SF<ad>A F0(/usr/libe)108 613.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 12.5(c/comsat mail).15 F
(noti\214cation daemon)2.5 E F3<ad>A F0 .12
(Mail is normally sent and recei)72 637.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.621(du).15
G .121(sing the)-2.621 F F1(mail)2.621 E F0 .121
(\(1\) command, which pro)1.666 F .121
(vides a front-end to edit the mes-)-.15 F .869(sages sent and recei)72
649.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(d, and passes the messages to).15 F F1
(sendmail)3.368 E F0 .868(\(8\) for routing.)1.666 F .868
(The routing algorithm uses)5.868 F(kno)72 661.2 Q 1.533
(wledge of the netw)-.25 F 1.533(ork name syntax, aliasing and forw)-.1
F 1.533(arding information, and netw)-.1 F 1.533(ork topology)-.1 F
4.034(,a)-.65 G(s)-4.034 E .501(de\214ned in the con\214guration \214le /etc/sendmail.cf, to process each piece of mail.)
72 673.2 R .501(Local mail is deli)5.501 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(red by)
.15 F(gi)72 685.2 Q .901
(ving it to the program /bin/mail that adds it to the mailbox)-.25 F
.901(es in the directory /usr/spool/mail/)-.15 F F1(username)A F0(,)A
.056(using a locking protocol to a)72 697.2 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .056
(id problems with simultaneous updates.).2 F .055
(After the mail is deli)5.056 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .055(red, the local).15 F
.859(mail deli)72 709.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .859(ry daemon /usr/libe).15 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .859
(c/comsat is noti\214ed, which in turn noti\214es users who ha).15 F
1.16 -.15(ve i)-.2 H .86(ssued a `).15 F(`)-.74 E F1(bif)A(f)-.18 E F0
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
%%Page: 30 30
%%BeginPageSetup
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 30)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E(y')72 84 Q 2.5
('c)-.74 G(ommand that mail has arri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E/F1 10
/Symbol SF<ad>A F0(.)A 2.835 -.8(To s)97 99.6 T 1.234(et up the mail f)
.8 F 1.234(acility you should read the instructions in the \214le READ_ME in the directory)
-.1 F(/usr/src/usr)72 111.6 Q 1.036
(.lib/sendmail and then adjust the necessary con\214guration \214les.)
-.55 F -1.1(Yo)6.036 G 3.537(us)1.1 G 1.037
(hould also set up the \214le)-3.537 F 1.45(/etc/aliases for your installation, creating mail groups as appropriate.)
72 123.6 R 1.449(Documents describing)6.449 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(sendmail)3.949 E F0 -.55('s)1.666 G
(operation and installation are also included on the distrib)72 135.6 Q
(ution tape.)-.2 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4.7.1. Setting)72 159.6 R
(up a UUCP connection)2.5 E F0 1.206(The v)97 175.2 R 1.206(ersion of)
-.15 F F2(uucp)3.706 E F0 1.207(included in 2.11BSD is an enhanced v)
3.706 F 1.207(ersion of the one originally distrib)-.15 F(uted)-.2 E
(with 32/V)72 187.2 Q F1<ad>A F0 5(.T)C(he enhancements include:)-5 E
11.5<8373>72 202.8 S(upport for man)-11.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(uto call units and dialers in addition to the DEC DN11,)-2.5 E 11.5
<8362>72 218.4 S
(reakup of the spooling area into multiple subdirectories,)-11.5 E 11.5
<8361>72 234 S(ddition of an)-11.5 E F2(L.cmds)2.5 E F0
(\214le to control the set of commands that may be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuted by a remote site,).15 E 11.5<8365>72 249.6 S(nhanced `)-11.5 E
(`e)-.74 E(xpect-send')-.15 E 2.5('s)-.74 G
(equence capabilities when logging in to a remote site,)-2.5 E 11.5
<836e>72 265.2 S .5 -.25(ew c)-11.5 H
(ommands to be used in polling sites and obtaining snap shots of).25 E
F2(uucp)2.5 E F0(acti)2.5 E(vity)-.25 E(,)-.65 E 11.5<8361>72 280.8 S
(dditional protocols for dif)-11.5 E(ferent communication media.)-.25 E
(This section gi)72 296.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sab).15 G(rief o)-2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rvie).15 E 2.5(wo)-.25 G(f)-2.5 E F2(uucp)2.5 E F0
(and points out the most important steps in its installation.)2.5 E
1.669 -.8(To c)97 312 T .069(onnect tw).8 F 2.569(oU)-.1 G .069
(NIX machines with a)-2.569 F F2(uucp)2.569 E F0(netw)2.569 E .07
(ork link using modems, one site must ha)-.1 F .37 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.57
(na).15 G(uto-)-2.57 E(matic call unit and the other must ha)72 324 Q .3
-.15(ve a d)-.2 H(ialup port.).15 E(It is better if both sites ha)5 E .3
-.15(ve b)-.2 H(oth.).15 E -1.1(Yo)97 339.6 S 4.317(us)1.1 G 1.817
(hould \214rst read the paper in the UNIX System Manager')-4.317 F 4.317
(sM)-.55 G 1.817(anual: `)-4.317 F 1.816(`Uucp Implementation)-.74 F
(Description')72 351.6 Q 3.153('. It)-.74 F .653
(describes in detail the \214le formats and con)3.153 F -.15(ve)-.4 G
.654(ntions, and will gi).15 F .954 -.15(ve y)-.25 H .654
(ou a little conte).15 F 3.154(xt. In)-.15 F 1.216
(addition, the document `)72 363.6 R(`setup.tblms')-.74 E 1.215
(', located in the directory /usr/src/usr)-.74 F(.bin/uucp/UU)-.55 E
1.215(AIDS, may be of)-.4 F(use in tailoring the softw)72 375.6 Q
(are to your needs.)-.1 E(The)97 391.2 Q F2(uucp)2.935 E F0 .435(support is located in three major directories: /usr/bin, /etc/uucp, and /usr/spool/uucp.)
2.935 F(User)5.436 E .458(commands are k)72 403.2 R .457(ept in /usr/bin, operational commands in /etc/uucp, and /usr/spool/uucp is used as a spool-)
-.1 F(ing area.)72 415.2 Q(The commands in /usr/bin are:)5 E 31.38
(/usr/bin/uucp \214le-cop)108 439.2 R 2.5(yc)-.1 G(ommand)-2.5 E 35.82
(/usr/bin/uux remote)108 451.2 R -.15(exe)2.5 G(cution command).15 E
22.49(/usr/bin/uusend binary)108 463.2 R(\214le transfer using mail)2.5
E 12.5(/usr/bin/uuencode binary)108 475.2 R(\214le encoder \(for)2.5 E
F2(uusend)2.5 E F0(\))A 12.5(/usr/bin/uudecode binary)108 487.2 R
(\214le decoder \(for)2.5 E F2(uusend)2.5 E F0(\))A 28.04
(/usr/bin/uulog scans)108 499.2 R(session log \214les)2.5 E 22.49
(/usr/bin/uusnap gi)108 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sas).15 G
(nap-shot of)-2.5 E F2(uucp)2.5 E F0(acti)2.5 E(vity)-.25 E 25.26
(/usr/bin/uupoll polls)108 523.2 R
(remote system until an answer is recei)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(d).15 E
19.16(/usr/bin/uuname prints)108 535.2 R 2.5(al)2.5 G(ist of kno)-2.5 E
(wn uucp hosts)-.25 E 35.82(/usr/bin/uuq gi)108 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.5(si).15 G(nformation about the queue)-2.5 E
(The important \214les and commands in /etc/uucp are:)72 571.2 Q .32 LW
144 682.8 72 682.8 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 696.4 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF
(comsat and bif)5.176 E 2(fa)-.2 G(re only a)-2 E -.2(va)-.16 G
(ilable under systems con\214gured for netw).2 E(orking support.)-.08 E
F4<ad>72 710 Q F5(The)5.176 E/F6 8/Times-Italic@0 SF(uucp)2.219 E F5
.219(included in this distrib)2.219 F .218(ution is the result of w)-.16
F .218(ork by man)-.08 F 2.218(yp)-.12 G .218
(eople; we gratefully ackno)-2.218 F .218(wledge their)-.2 F(contrib)82
720 Q(utions, b)-.16 E
(ut refrain from mentioning names in the interest of k)-.16 E
(eeping this document current.)-.08 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 31)172.84 E(/etc/uucp/L-de)108 84 Q 20.53
(vices list)-.25 F(of dialers and hard-wired lines)2.5 E 12.5
(/etc/uucp/L-dialcodes dialcode)108 96 R(abbre)2.5 E(viations)-.25 E
24.44(/etc/uucp/L.aliases hostname)108 108 R(aliases)2.5 E 29.99
(/etc/uucp/L.cmds commands)108 120 R(remote sites may e)2.5 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cute).15 E 38.32(/etc/uucp/L.sys systems)108 132 R
(to communicate with, ho)2.5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(oc)-2.5 G
(onnect, and when)-2.5 E 35.26(/etc/uucp/SEQF sequence)108 144 R
(numbering control \214le)2.5 E 13.04(/etc/uucp/USERFILE remote)108 156
R(site pathname access speci\214cations)2.5 E(/usr/sbin/uucico)108 168 Q
/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(uucp)37.76 E F0(protocol daemon)2.5 E 28.61
(/etc/uucp/uuclean cleans)108 180 R(up g)2.5 E
(arbage \214les in spool area)-.05 E(/usr/libe)108 192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(c/uuxqt).15 E F1(uucp)29.73 E F0(remote e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution serv).15 E(er)-.15 E(while the spooling area contains the follo)
72 216 Q(wing important \214les and directories:)-.25 E 54
(/usr/spool/uucp/C. directory)108 240 R(for command, `)2.5 E(`C.)-.74 E
1.48 -.74('' \214)-.7 H(les).74 E 53.45(/usr/spool/uucp/D. directory)108
252 R(for data, `)2.5 E(`D.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 2.5<2c8c>.74 G(les)-2.5
E 53.45(/usr/spool/uucp/X. directory)108 264 R(for command e)2.5 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cution, `).15 E(`X.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G 2.5<2c8c>.74 G(les)
-2.5 E(/usr/spool/uucp/D.)108 276 Q F1(mac)A(hine)-.15 E F0
(directory for local `)22.22 E(`D.)-.74 E 1.48 -.74('' \214)-.7 H(les)
.74 E(/usr/spool/uucp/D.)108 288 Q F1(mac)A(hine)-.15 E F0 15(Xd)C
(irectory for local `)-15 E(`X.)-.74 E 1.48 -.74('' \214)-.7 H(les).74 E
45.67(/usr/spool/uucp/TM. directory)108 300 R(for temporary)2.5 E 2.5
(,`)-.65 G(`TM.)-3.24 E -.74('')-.7 G 2.5<2c8c>.74 G(les)-2.5 E 21.51
(/usr/spool/uucp/LOGFILE log)108 312 R(\214le of)2.5 E F1(uucp)2.5 E F0
(acti)2.5 E(vity)-.25 E 24.28(/usr/spool/uucp/SYSLOG log)108 324 R
(\214le of)2.5 E F1(uucp)2.5 E F0(\214le transfers)2.5 E 1.779 -.8(To i)
97 351.6 T(nstall).8 E F1(uucp)2.679 E F0 .179
(on your system, start by selecting a site name.)2.679 F(A)5.18 E F1
(uucp)2.68 E F0 .18(account must be created in the)2.68 F(passw)72 363.6
Q .507(ord \214le and a passw)-.1 F .507(ord set up.)-.1 F .507
(Then, create the appropriate spooling directories with mode 755 and)
5.507 F -.25(ow)72 375.6 S(ned by user).25 E F1(uucp)2.5 E F0 2.5(,g)C
(roup)-2.5 E F1(daemon)2.5 E F0(.)A .08(If you ha)97 391.2 R .38 -.15
(ve a)-.2 H 2.58(na).15 G .081
(uto-call unit, the L.sys, L-dialcodes, and L-de)-2.58 F .081
(vices \214les should be created.)-.25 F .081(The L.sys)5.081 F .649(\214le should contain the phone numbers and login sequences required to establish a connection with a)
72 403.2 R F1(uucp)3.149 E F0(daemon on another machine.)72 415.2 Q -.15
(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, my L.sys \214le looks something lik)-2.65 E
(e:)-.1 E(elisa An)108 445.2 Q 2.5(yA)-.15 G(CU 1200 7064297)-2.9 E
("" \\\\r\\\\c ogin-EO)5 E -.92(T-)-.4 G(ogin-\\\\r\\\\c-ogin x).92 E
(elisa assw)-.15 E(ord: XXX)-.1 E(etn-ra An)108 457.2 Q 2.5(yA)-.15 G
(CU 1200 8891237)-2.9 E("" \\\\r\\\\c ogin nuucp assw)5 E(ord XXX)-.1 E
(anagld Ne)108 469.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rA).15 G
(CU 2400 8894517 name:-EO)-2.9 E -.92(T-)-.4 G(name: uucp assw).92 E
(ord: XXX)-.1 E .123
(The \214rst \214eld is the name of a site, the second sho)72 499.2 R
.124(ws when the machine may be called, the third \214eld speci-)-.25 F
.522(\214es ho)72 511.2 R 3.022(wt)-.25 G .522
(he host is connected \(through an A)-3.022 F .521
(CU, a hard-wired line, etc.\), then comes the phone number to)-.4 F
.597(use in connecting through an auto-call unit, and \214nally a login sequence.)
72 523.2 R .598(The phone number may contain)5.598 F 1.533(common abbre)
72 535.2 R 1.533(viations that are de\214ned in the L-dialcodes \214le.)
-.25 F 1.533(The de)6.533 F 1.533(vice speci\214cation should refer to)
-.25 F(de)72 547.2 Q .004(vices speci\214ed in the L-de)-.25 F .004
(vices \214le.)-.25 F .004(Listing only A)5.004 F .004(CU causes the)-.4
F F1(uucp)2.504 E F0(daemon,)2.504 E F1(uucico)2.504 E F0 2.504(,t)C
2.504(os)-2.504 G .005(earch for an)-2.504 F(y)-.15 E -.2(av)72 559.2 S
(ailable auto-call unit in L-de)-.05 E 2.5(vices. Our)-.25 F
(L-dialcodes \214le is of the form:)2.5 E 12.95 -.15(ny 1)108 577.2 T
(-315-).15 E 14.72(nj 1-201-)108 589.2 R .83(bostn 1-617-)108 601.2 R
(while our L-de)72 619.2 Q(vices \214le is:)-.25 E -.4(AC)108 637.2 S
2.5(Uc).4 G(ul0 unused 1200 v)-2.5 E(entel)-.15 E
(Refer to the README \214le in the)72 655.2 Q F1(uucp)2.5 E F0
(source directory for more information about installation.)2.5 E(As)97
670.8 Q F1(uucp)6.776 E F0 4.276(operates it creates \(and remo)6.776 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.275(s\) man).15 F 6.775(ys)-.15 G 4.275
(mall \214les in the directories underneath)-6.775 F 2.56
(/usr/spool/uucp. Sometimes)72 682.8 R .06
(\214les are left undeleted; these are most easily pur)2.56 F .06
(ged with the)-.18 F F1(uuclean)2.56 E F0(program.)2.56 E .575
(The log \214les can gro)72 694.8 R 3.075(ww)-.25 G .574
(ithout bound unless trimmed back;)-3.075 F F1(uulo)3.074 E(g)-.1 E F0
.574(maintains these \214les.)3.074 F(Man)5.574 E 3.074(yu)-.15 G .574
(seful aids)-3.074 F .25(in maintaining your)72 706.8 R F1(uucp)2.75 E
F0 .25(installation are included in a subdirectory UU)2.75 F .25
(AIDS beneath /usr/src/usr)-.4 F(.bin/uucp.)-.55 E
(Peruse this directory and read the `)72 718.8 Q(`setup')-.74 E 2.5('i)
-.74 G(nstructions also located there.)-2.5 E(27 October 1997)254.395
768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 32)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(5. NETW)229.218 84 Q(ORK SETUP)-.12 E F0 .05(The follo)
97 123.6 R .05(wing section has been lightly edited to correspond to the current 2.11BSD netw)
-.25 F 2.55(orking. Se)-.1 F(v-)-.25 E 1.766
(eral parts of it do not really apply to 2.11BSD, for e)72 135.6 R 1.766
(xample, it is unlik)-.15 F 1.766(ely that an)-.1 F 1.766
(yone will connect a)-.15 F .125(PDP-11 to an IMP b)72 147.6 R .125
(ut it is possible as the LH/DH-11 netw)-.2 F .124(orking interf)-.1 F
.124(ace and the IMP modules ha)-.1 F .424 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een).15 E .69
(ported and lightly tested, or that an)72 159.6 R .691
(yone will run the nameserv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E 5.691(.T)-.55 G .691(he `)
-5.691 F(`correct')-.74 E 3.191('u)-.74 G .691(se of the netw)-3.191 F
.691(orking in)-.1 F .134
(2.11BSD is probably with a list of the local net addresses in the)72
171.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)2.634 E F0 .133
(\214le and with one def)2.633 F .133(ault g)-.1 F(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)
-.25 G(y).1 E .246(for all netw)72 183.6 R .246(ork traf)-.1 F 2.746
(\214c. In)-.25 F(particular)2.746 E 2.746(,d)-.4 G 2.746(on)-2.746 G
.246(ot run)-2.746 F F2 -.45(ro)2.746 G(uted).45 E F0 .246
(\(8\) unless you')1.666 F .246(re e)-.5 F .246
(xtremely sure that you kno)-.15 F 2.747(ww)-.25 G(hat)-2.747 E(you')72
195.6 Q 1.026(re doing.)-.5 F 1.026(This is doubly true if SL/IP is being used as the primary connection to the outside w)
6.026 F(orld.)-.1 E .166(The IMP and PR)72 207.6 R .166(ONET dri)-.4 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .166(rs are kno).15 F .166(wn to w)-.25 F .166(ork, b)-.1
F .166(ut long term rob)-.2 F .166(ustness is unkno)-.2 F 2.666
(wn. Sites)-.25 F .167(that wish to)2.666 F 1.028
(hook 2.11BSD into more than a simple local ethernet may ha)72 219.6 R
1.328 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.028(ome w).15 F 1.028(ork ahead of them.)-.1 F
1.027(If an)6.027 F 3.527(ya)-.15 G(ddi-)-3.527 E(tional dri)72 231.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(rs are ported, I w).15 E(ould really lik)-.1 E 2.5(eac)
-.1 G(op)-2.5 E -.65(y.)-.1 G .102(The netw)97 247.2 R .102(orking in 2.11BSD, runs in supervisor mode, separate from the mainstream k)
-.1 F 2.603(ernel. There)-.1 F(is)2.603 E .246(room without o)72 259.2 R
-.15(ve)-.15 G .246(rlaying to hold both a SL/IP and ethernet dri).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.846 -.55(r. T).15 H .246
(his is a major win, as it allo).55 F .246(ws the net-)-.25 F -.1(wo)72
271.2 S 1.037(rking to maintain its mb).1 F 1.037
(ufs in normal data space, among other things.)-.2 F 1.038(The netw)
6.038 F 1.038(orking portion of the)-.1 F -.1(ke)72 283.2 S .028
(rnel resides in `).1 F(`/netnix')-.74 E .028
(', and is loaded after the k)-.74 F .027(ernel is running.)-.1 F .027
(Since the k)5.027 F .027(ernel only looks for the \214le)-.1 F -.74(``)
72 295.2 S(/netnix').74 E .883
(', it will not run if it is unable to load `)-.74 F(`/netnix')-.74 E
3.383(',s)-.74 G .883(ites should b)-3.383 F .883(uild and k)-.2 F .884
(eep a non-netw)-.1 F(orking)-.1 E -.1(ke)72 307.2 S .441(rnel in `).1 F
(`/')-.74 E 2.941('a)-.74 G 2.941(ta)-2.941 G .441
(ll times, as a backup.)-2.941 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(NO)5.441 E(TE)-.4
E F0 5.441(:T)C .44(he `)-5.441 F(`/unix')-.74 E 2.94('a)-.74 G .44
(nd `)-2.94 F(`/netnix')-.74 E 2.94('i)-.74 G .44(magines must ha)-2.94
F .74 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .44(een cre-).15 F .701
(ated at the same time, do not attempt to use mismatched images.)72
319.2 R .701(The ability to ha)8.201 F -.15(ve)-.2 G F3(boot)3.351 E F0
.701(tell the k)3.201 F(ernel)-.1 E .047(which netw)72 331.2 R .047
(ork image to load is on the wish list \(had to ha)-.1 F .346 -.15(ve s)
-.2 H .046(omething tak).15 F 2.546(et)-.1 G .046
(he place of wishing for diskla-)-2.546 F(bels ;-\)\).)72 343.2 Q 1.763
(2.11BSD pro)97 358.8 R 1.764(vides support for the D)-.15 F(ARP)-.4 E
4.264(As)-.92 G 1.764(tandard Internet protocols IP)-4.264 F 4.264(,I)
-1.11 G(CMP)-4.264 E 4.264(,T)-1.11 G(CP)-4.264 E 4.264(,a)-1.11 G 1.764
(nd UDP)-4.264 F(.)-1.11 E .334
(These protocols may be used on top of a v)72 370.8 R .334
(ariety of hardw)-.25 F .334(are de)-.1 F .334
(vices ranging from the IMP')-.25 F 2.833(s\()-.55 G(PSN')-2.833 E .333
(s\) used)-.55 F 1.047(in the Internet to local area netw)72 382.8 R
1.047(ork controllers for the Ethernet.)-.1 F(Netw)6.047 E 1.047
(ork services are split between the)-.1 F -.1(ke)72 394.8 S .474(rnel \(communication protocols\) and user programs \(user services such as TELNET and FTP\).)
.1 F .473(This sec-)5.473 F .122(tion describes ho)72 406.8 R 2.622(wt)
-.25 G 2.622(oc)-2.622 G .122
(on\214gure your system to use the Internet netw)-2.622 F .122
(orking support.)-.1 F .122(2.11BSD also includes)5.122 F .244
(code to support the Xerox Netw)72 418.8 R .244
(ork Systems \(NS\) protocols; the basic porting w)-.1 F .244
(ork has been done, b)-.1 F .243(ut it is)-.2 F(completely untested.)72
430.8 Q F3 2.5(5.1. System)72 454.8 R(con\214guration)2.5 E F0 3.087 -.8
(To c)97 470.4 T 1.487(on\214gure the k).8 F 1.488(ernel to include the Internet communication protocols, de\214ne the INET option.)
-.1 F .134(This automatically de\214nes the NLOOP option.)72 482.4 R
(TCP_COMP)5.134 E -1.11(AT)-.92 G .134(_42 is al)1.11 F -.1(wa)-.1 G
.134(ys de\214ned.).1 F .133(Xerox NS support is)5.134 F .513
(enabled with the NS option.)72 494.4 R .513
(In either case, include the pseudo-de)5.513 F .514(vice `)-.25 F(`pty')
-.74 E 3.014('i)-.74 G 3.014(ny)-3.014 G .514(our machine')-3.014 F
3.014(sc)-.55 G(on\214gura-)-3.014 E .261
(tion \214le, using the NPTY options.)72 506.4 R .261(The `)5.261 F
(`pty')-.74 E 2.761('p)-.74 G(seudo-de)-2.761 E .26
(vice forces the pseudo terminal de)-.25 F .26(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.76(rt).15 G 2.76(ob)-2.76 G(e)-2.76 E .121
(con\214gured into the system, see)72 518.4 R F2(pty)2.621 E F0 2.621
(\(4\). The)1.666 F .121(NLOOP option forces inclusion of the softw)
2.621 F .121(are loopback inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -.1(fa)72 530.4 S .348
(ce dri).1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.948 -.55(r. T).15 H .348(he loop dri).55 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.848(ri).15 G 2.848(su)-2.848 G .348(sed in netw)-2.848
F .347
(ork testing as well as for the system talking to itself rather than)-.1
F(transmitting the data o)72 542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rt).15 G
(he wire.)-2.5 E 1.205(If you are planning to use the Internet netw)97
558 R 1.205(ork f)-.1 F 1.206
(acilities on a 10Mb/s Ethernet, the pseudo-de)-.1 F(vice)-.25 E -.74
(``)72 570 S(ether').74 E 2.651('s)-.74 G .151(hould also be included in the con\214guration using the NETHER option; this forces inclusion of the)
-2.651 F 3.364(Address Resolution Protocol module used in mapping between 48-bit Ethernet and 32-bit Internet)
72 582 R 2.881(addresses. Also,)72 594 R .381(if you ha)2.881 F .681
-.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.881(nI).15 G .381
(MP connection, you will need to include the pseudo-de)-2.881 F .38
(vice `)-.25 F(`imp')-.74 E .38(', using)-.74 F(the option NIMP)72 606 Q
5(.T)-1.11 G(he IMP softw)-5 E
(are is ported and is in use at at least one site.)-.1 E 1.508
(Before con\214guring the appropriate netw)97 621.6 R 1.508
(orking hardw)-.1 F 1.509(are, you should consult the manual pages in)
-.1 F 1.085(section 4 of the Programmer')72 633.6 R 3.585(sM)-.55 G
3.585(anual. The)-3.585 F(follo)3.585 E 1.085(wing table lists the de)
-.25 F 1.084(vices for which softw)-.25 F 1.084(are support)-.1 F -.15
(ex)72 645.6 S 2.844(ists. Ag).15 F .344(ain, much of this softw)-.05 F
.344(are is unported and untested; only the basic netw)-.1 F .345
(orking has been stressed)-.1 F 1(at all.)72 657.6 R(Man)6 E 3.5(yo)-.15
G 1(ther de)-3.5 F 1(vices are a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1(ilable, b).25 F
.999(ut unported.)-.2 F .999
(Porting should simply be a matter of making the)5.999 F(hardw)72 669.6
Q .806(are de)-.1 F .807(vice w)-.25 F 3.307(ork. The)-.1 F .807
(directories `)3.307 F -1.95(`/sys/pdpif ')-.74 F 3.307('a)-.74 G .807
(nd `)-3.307 F(`/sys/v)-.74 E -1.95(axif ')-.25 F 3.307('c)-.74 G .807
(ontain man)-3.307 F 3.307(yd)-.15 G(ri)-3.307 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.307
(rs. The).15 F .807(ones in)3.307 F -.74(``)72 681.6 S -1.95(pdpif ').74
F 3.556('a)-.74 G 1.056(re either the current, w)-3.556 F 1.056
(orking dri)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.056(rs, or dri).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
1.055(rs that, at some time, w).15 F(ork)-.1 E 1.055(ed on PDP-11')-.1 F
3.555(s. The)-.55 F .473(ones in `)72 693.6 R(`v)-.74 E -1.95(axif ')
-.25 F 2.973('a)-.74 G .473(re the current V)-2.973 F .473(AX dri)-1.35
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .473(rs, and, as such, will ha).15 F .774 -.15(ve t)-.2
H 2.974(oh).15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.974 H .474
(their memory usage changed,)3.174 F -.2(bu)72 705.6 S 2.5(ts).2 G(erv)
-2.5 E 2.5(ea)-.15 G 2.5(sa)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(xcellent e)-2.65 E
(xample of ho)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he hardw)-2.5 E(are w)-.1 E(orks.)-.1
E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 33)172.84 E(De)108 84 Q(vice name)-.25 E(Manuf)15 E
(acturer and product)-.1 E .4 LW 391.2 88.5 108 88.5 DL 55.29(de DEC)108
98 R(DEUN)2.5 E(A/DELU)-.35 E 2.5(A1)-.4 G(0Mb/s Ethernet)-2.5 E 55.29
(qe DEC)108 110 R(DEQN)2.5 E 2.5(A1)-.35 G(0Mb/s Ethernet)-2.5 E 56.95
(qt DEC)108 122 R(DELQA-YM 10Mb/s Ethernet)2.5 E 55.85(ec 3Com)108 134 R
(10Mb/s Ethernet)2.5 E 59.17(il Interlan)108 146 R
(1010 and 10101A 10Mb/s Ethernet interf)2.5 E(aces)-.1 E 54.73
(vv Proteon)108 158 R(ProNET - T)2.5 E(ok)-.8 E(en Ring Interf)-.1 E
(ace)-.1 E 51.41(acc LH/DH-11)108 170 R(1822 IMP/PSN Interf)2.5 E(ace)
-.1 E .371(SL/IP is also a)97 197.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.871(ilable. It).25
F .371(is surprisingly ef)2.871 F 2.871(\214cient. Ov)-.25 F .37
(er a 9600 baud line it is not unusual to see)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(ftp)2.87 E F0(rates in the 800 bytes per second range \(depending ho)
72 209.6 Q 2.5(wb)-.25 G(usy the system is\).)-2.7 E .77(All netw)97
225.2 R .77(ork interf)-.1 F .77(ace dri)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .771
(rs including the loopback interf).15 F .771
(ace, require that their host address\(es\) be)-.1 F .649
(de\214ned at boot time.)72 237.2 R .649(This is done with)5.649 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(ifcon\214g)3.149 E F0 .649
(\(8\) commands included in the)1.666 F F2(/etc/r)3.149 E(c.local)-.37 E
F0 3.148(\214le. Interf)3.149 F(aces)-.1 E .033(that are able to dynamically deduce the host part of an address may check that the host part of the address is)
72 249.2 R 4.635(correct. The)72 261.2 R 2.135
(manual page for each netw)4.635 F 2.135(ork interf)-.1 F 2.134
(ace describes the method used to establish a host')-.1 F(s)-.55 E
(address.)72 273.2 Q F2(Ifcon\214g)5.306 E F0 .306
(\(8\) can also be used to set options for the interf)1.666 F .307
(ace at boot time.)-.1 F .307(Options are set indepen-)5.307 F .201
(dently for each interf)72 285.2 R .201(ace, and apply to all pack)-.1 F
.201(ets sent using that interf)-.1 F 2.7(ace. These)-.1 F .2
(options include disabling)2.7 F .952(the use of the Address Resolution Protocol; this may be useful if a netw)
72 297.2 R .952(ork is shared with hosts running)-.1 F(softw)72 309.2 Q
1.233(are that does not yet pro)-.1 F 1.233(vide this function.)-.15 F
(Alternati)6.233 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 3.733(,t)-.65 G 1.233
(ranslations for such hosts may be set in)-3.733 F(adv)72 321.2 Q 1.09
(ance or `)-.25 F(`published')-.74 E 3.59('b)-.74 G -6.089 3.59(ya 2)
-3.59 H 1.091(.11BSD host by use of the)-3.59 F F2(arp)3.591 E F0 1.091
(\(8\) command.)1.666 F 1.091(Note that the use of trailer)6.091 F
(link-le)72 333.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.238(li).15 G 3.238(sn)-3.238 G
1.238 -.25(ow n)-3.238 H -.15(eg).25 G .738
(otiated between 2.11BSD hosts using ARP).15 F 3.238(,a)-1.11 G .737
(nd it is thus no longer necessary to dis-)-3.238 F .414
(able the use of trailers with)72 345.2 R F2(ifcon\214g)2.914 E F0 5.414
(.I)C 2.914(ti)-5.414 G(s)-2.914 E F1(STR)2.914 E(ONGL)-.3 E(Y)-.92 E F0
.415(recommended, ho)2.914 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.215 -.4(r, t).15
H .415(hat 2.11BSD netw).4 F(orking)-.1 E .088
(be run without trailers, as the trailer code in most of the dri)72
357.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .087(rs has either been remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
.087(d, commented out, is).15 F .133(untested or is)72 369.2 R F1(kno)
2.633 E(wn)-.1 E F0 .133(not to w)2.633 F 2.633(ork. This)-.1 F .134
(is a problem with certain releases of)2.633 F F2(Ultrix)2.634 E F0
2.634(,w)C .134(hich has to be e)-2.634 F(xplic-)-.15 E
(itly con\214gured not to send trailers if it and 2.11BSD are to coe)72
381.2 Q(xist.)-.15 E 2.356 -.8(To u)97 396.8 T .756
(se the pseudo terminals just con\214gured, de).8 F .756
(vice entries must be created in the `)-.25 F(`/de)-.74 E(v')-.25 E
3.256('d)-.74 G(irectory)-3.256 E(.)-.65 E 1.782 -.8(To c)72 408.8 T
.183(reate 32 pseudo terminals \(plenty).8 F 2.683(,y)-.65 G .183
(ou can probably get by with man)-2.683 F 2.683(yl)-.15 G .183(ess\) e)
-2.683 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .183(cute the follo).15 F .183(wing com-)-.25 F
(mands.)72 420.8 Q F1(#)108 438.8 Q F0(cd /de)2.5 E(v)-.25 E F1(#)108
450.8 Q F0(MAKEDEV pty0 pty1)2.5 E .756
(More pseudo terminals may be made by specifying)72 468.8 R F2(pty2)
3.255 E F0(,)A F2(pty3)3.255 E F0 3.255(,e)C 3.255(tc. The)-3.255 F -.1
(ke)3.255 G .755(rnel normally includes support).1 F 1.196(for 16 pseudo terminals unless the con\214guration \214le speci\214es a dif)
72 480.8 R 1.197(ferent number)-.25 F 6.197(.E)-.55 G 1.197
(ach pseudo terminal)-6.197 F 2.221(really consists of tw)72 492.8 R
4.721<6f8c>-.1 G 2.221(les in /de)-4.721 F 2.221(v: a master and a sla)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 7.22(.T).15 G 2.22
(he master pseudo terminal \214le is named)-7.22 F(/de)72 504.8 Q 1.775
(v/ptyp?, while the sla)-.25 F 2.075 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.775(ide is /de)
.15 F 4.275(v/ttyp?. Pseudo)-.25 F 1.776(terminals are also used by se)
4.275 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.776(ral programs not).15 F .908
(related to the netw)72 516.8 R(ork.)-.1 E F1(NO)5.908 E(TE)-.4 E F0
3.408(:t)C .907(he terminal structures are 78 bytes each, declaring more than 16 pseudo)
-3.408 F .285(terminals is potentially w)72 528.8 R .285(asteful of k)
-.1 F .285(ernel D space.)-.1 F .285(See the comment in the k)5.285 F
.286(ernel con\214g \214les.)-.1 F .286(In addition)5.286 F .228
(to creating the pseudo terminals, be sure to install them in the)72
540.8 R F2(/etc/ttys)2.727 E F0 .227
(\214le \(with a `none' in the second col-)2.727 F(umn so no)72 552.8 Q
F2 -.1(ge)2.5 G(tty).1 E F0(is started\).)2.5 E F1 2.5(5.2. Local)72
576.8 R(subnetw)2.5 E(orks)-.1 E F0 1.127(In 2.11BSD the D)97 592.4 R
(ARP)-.4 E 3.627(AI)-.92 G 1.127
(nternet support includes the notion of `)-3.627 F(`subnetw)-.74 E
(orks')-.1 E 3.627('. This)-.74 F 1.128(is a mecha-)3.627 F .469
(nism by which multiple local netw)72 604.4 R .469
(orks may appears as a single Internet netw)-.1 F .468(ork to of)-.1 F
.468(f-site hosts.)-.25 F(Subnet-)5.468 E -.1(wo)72 616.4 S .012
(rks are useful because the).1 F 2.512(ya)-.15 G(llo)-2.512 E 2.512(was)
-.25 G .013(ite to hide their local topology)-2.512 F 2.513(,r)-.65 G
.013(equiring only a single route in e)-2.513 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .116
(nal g)72 628.4 R(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G .116
(ys; it also means that local netw).1 F .116
(ork numbers may be locally administered.)-.1 F .116
(The standard describ-)5.116 F
(ing this change in Internet addressing is RFC-950.)72 640.4 Q 1.841 -.8
(To s)97 656 T .241(et up local subnetw).8 F .241
(orks one must \214rst decide ho)-.1 F 2.741(wt)-.25 G .241(he a)-2.741
F -.25(va)-.2 G .242(ilable address space \(the Internet `).25 F(`host)
-.74 E(part')72 668 Q 2.745('o)-.74 G 2.745(ft)-2.745 G .245
(he 32-bit address\) is to be partitioned.)-2.745 F .245
(Sites with a class A netw)5.245 F .244(ork number ha)-.1 F .544 -.15
(ve a 2)-.2 H .244(4-bit address).15 F .035(space with which to w)72 680
R .035(ork, sites with a class B netw)-.1 F .035(ork number ha)-.1 F
.335 -.15(ve a 1)-.2 H .036(6-bit address space, while sites with).15 F
3.089(ac)72 692 S .589(lass C netw)-3.089 F .589(ork number ha)-.1 F
.889 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.089(n8).15 G .589(-bit address space)-3.089 F/F3
10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 5.589(.T)C 3.09(od)-6.389 G .59
(e\214ne local subnets you must steal some bits)-3.09 F .32 LW 144 700
72 700 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 713.6 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .135
(If you are unf)5.176 F .134
(amiliar with the Internet addressing structure, consult `)-.08 F -.64
(`A)-.592 G .134(ddress Mappings').64 F .134(', Internet RFC-796,)-.592
F(J. Postel; a)82 723.6 Q -.2(va)-.16 G(ilable from the Internet Netw).2
E(ork Information Center at SRI.)-.08 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 34)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E 1.134
(from the local host address space for use in e)72 84 R 1.133
(xtending the netw)-.15 F 1.133(ork portion of the Internet address.)-.1
F(This)6.133 E .729
(reinterpretation of Internet addresses is done only for local netw)72
96 R .73(orks; i.e. it is not visible to hosts of)-.1 F(f-site.)-.25 E
-.15(Fo)72 108 S 2.777(re).15 G .277
(xample, if your site has a class B netw)-2.927 F .277(ork number)-.1 F
2.777(,h)-.4 G .277(osts on this netw)-2.777 F .277(ork ha)-.1 F .577
-.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.776(nI).15 G .276(nternet address that)-2.776 F .857
(contains the netw)72 120 R .857(ork number)-.1 F 3.357(,1)-.4 G 3.357
(6b)-3.357 G .857(its, and the host number)-3.357 F 3.357(,a)-.4 G .857
(nother 16 bits.)-3.357 F 2.457 -.8(To d)5.857 H .857
(e\214ne 254 local subnets,).8 F 1.344
(each possessing at most 255 hosts, 8 bits may be tak)72 132 R 1.343
(en from the local part.)-.1 F 1.343(\(The use of subnets 0 and)6.343 F
(all-1')72 144 Q .432(s, 255 in this e)-.55 F .432
(xample, is discouraged to a)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .432
(id confusion about broadcast addresses.\)).2 F .432(These ne)5.432 F
2.932(wn)-.25 G(et-)-2.932 E -.1(wo)72 156 S .884(rk numbers are then constructed by concatenating the original 16-bit netw)
.1 F .884(ork number with the e)-.1 F .884(xtra 8)-.15 F
(bits containing the local subnetw)72 168 Q(ork number)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
.435(The e)97 183.6 R .435(xistence of local subnetw)-.15 F .435
(orks is communicated to the system at the time a netw)-.1 F .435
(ork interf)-.1 F .435(ace is)-.1 F .783(con\214gured with the)72 195.6
R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(netmask)3.283 E F0 .783(option to the)3.283 F
F1(ifcon\214g)3.283 E F0 3.282(program. A)3.283 F -.74(``)3.282 G(netw)
.74 E .782(ork mask')-.1 F 3.282('i)-.74 G 3.282(ss)-3.282 G .782
(peci\214ed to de\214ne the)-3.282 F .785
(portion of the Internet address that is to be considered the netw)72
207.6 R .786(ork part for that netw)-.1 F 3.286(ork. This)-.1 F .786
(mask nor)3.286 F(-)-.2 E .799
(mally contains the bits corresponding to the standard netw)72 219.6 R
.799(ork part as well as the portion of the local part)-.1 F .097
(that has been assigned to subnets.)72 231.6 R .098(If no mask is speci\214ed when the address is set, it will be set according to)
5.097 F .796(the class of the netw)72 243.6 R 3.296(ork. F)-.1 F .796
(or e)-.15 F .796(xample, at Berk)-.15 F(ele)-.1 E 3.296(y\()-.15 G .796
(class B netw)-3.296 F .796(ork 128.32\) 8 bits of the local part ha)-.1
F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been reserv)72 255.6 Q(ed for de\214ning subnetw)-.15 E
(orks; consequently the /etc/rc.local \214le contains lines of the form)
-.1 E(ifcon\214g en0 netmask 0xf)108 273.6 Q -.25(fffff)-.25 G
(00 128.32.1.7).25 E .373(This speci\214es that for interf)72 291.6 R
.374(ace `)-.1 F(`en0')-.74 E .374(', the upper 24 bits of the Internet address should be used in calculat-)
-.74 F .756(ing netw)72 303.6 R .756(ork numbers \(netmask 0xf)-.1 F
-.25(fffff)-.25 G .756(00\), and the interf).25 F(ace')-.1 E 3.256(sI)
-.55 G .756(nternet address is `)-3.256 F(`128.32.1.7')-.74 E 3.255('\()
-.74 G .755(host 7 on)-3.255 F(netw)72 315.6 Q 1.668(ork 128.32.1\).)-.1
F(Hosts)6.668 E F1(m)4.168 E F0 1.669(on sub-netw)4.168 F(ork)-.1 E F1
(n)4.169 E F0 1.669(of this netw)4.169 F 1.669(ork w)-.1 F 1.669
(ould then ha)-.1 F 1.969 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.669(ddresses of the form).15
F -.74(``)72 327.6 S(128.32.).74 E F1(n)A F0(.)A F1(m)A F0 -.74('')C
5.817(;f).74 G .817(or e)-5.817 F .817(xample, host 99 on netw)-.15 F
.816(ork 129 w)-.1 F .816(ould ha)-.1 F 1.116 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.316(na)
.15 G .816(ddress `)-3.316 F(`128.32.129.99')-.74 E 3.316('. F)-.74 F
.816(or hosts)-.15 F .912(with multiple interf)72 339.6 R .912
(aces, the netw)-.1 F .912(ork mask should be set for each interf)-.1 F
.913(ace, although in practice only the)-.1 F
(mask of the \214rst interf)72 351.6 Q(ace on each netw)-.1 E
(ork is actually used.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(5.3. Inter)72
375.6 R(net br)-.15 E(oadcast addr)-.18 E(esses)-.18 E F0 1.822
(The address de\214ned as the broadcast address for Internet netw)97
391.2 R 1.822(orks according to RFC-919 is the)-.1 F 1.253
(address with a host part of all 1')72 403.2 R 3.753(s. The)-.55 F 1.253
(address used by 4.2BSD w)3.753 F 1.254
(as the address with a host part of 0.)-.1 F .301
(2.11BSD uses the standard broadcast address \(all 1')72 415.2 R .301
(s\) by def)-.55 F .301(ault, b)-.1 F .301(ut allo)-.2 F .301
(ws the broadcast address to be set)-.25 F(\(with)72 427.2 Q F1
(ifcon\214g)3.276 E F0 3.276(\)f)C .776(or each interf)-3.276 F 3.276
(ace. This)-.1 F(allo)3.277 E .777(ws netw)-.25 F .777
(orks consisting of both 4.2BSD and 2.11BSD hosts to)-.1 F(coe)72 439.2
Q 2.518(xist. In)-.15 F .017(the presence of subnets, the broadcast address uses the subnet \214eld as for normal host addresses,)
2.517 F 1.15(with the remaining host part set to 1')72 451.2 R 3.65(s\()
-.55 G 1.15(or 0')-3.65 F 1.151(s, on a netw)-.55 F 1.151
(ork that has not yet been con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 3.651
(rted\). 2.11BSD).15 F .086(hosts recognize and accept pack)72 463.2 R
.086(ets sent to the logical-netw)-.1 F .086
(ork broadcast address as well as those sent to the)-.1 F .858
(subnet broadcast address, and when using an all-1')72 475.2 R 3.359(sb)
-.55 G .859(roadcast, also recognize and recei)-3.359 F 1.159 -.15(ve p)
-.25 H(ack).15 E .859(ets sent to)-.1 F(host 0 as a broadcast.)72 487.2
Q F2 2.5(5.4. Routing)72 511.2 R F0 .345(If your en)97 526.8 R .345
(vironment allo)-.4 F .345(ws access to netw)-.25 F .345
(orks not directly attached to your host you will need to set)-.1 F .571
(up routing information to allo)72 538.8 R 3.071(wp)-.25 G(ack)-3.071 E
.571(ets to be properly routed.)-.1 F -1 -.8(Tw o)5.571 H .572
(schemes are supported by the system.)3.871 F 1.534
(The \214rst scheme emplo)72 550.8 R 1.534
(ys the routing table management daemon)-.1 F F1 -.45(ro)4.033 G(uted)
.45 E F0 1.533(to maintain the system routing)4.033 F 3.65(tables. The)
72 562.8 R 1.15(routing daemon uses a v)3.65 F 1.15
(ariant of the Xerox Routing Information Protocol to maintain up to)-.25
F .202(date routing tables in a cluster of local area netw)72 574.8 R
2.702(orks. By)-.1 F .202(using the)2.702 F F1(/etc/gate)2.702 E(ways)
-.15 E F0 .202(\214le created by)2.702 F F1(htable)2.702 E F0(\(8\),)
1.666 E .653(the routing daemon can also be used to initialize static routes to distant netw)
72 586.8 R .653(orks \(see the ne)-.1 F .653(xt section for)-.15 F .908
(further discussion\).)72 598.8 R .908
(When the routing daemon is started up \(usually from)5.908 F F1(/etc/r)
3.408 E(c.local)-.37 E F0 3.408(\)i)C 3.407(tr)-3.408 G(eads)-3.407 E F1
(/etc/gate-)3.407 E(ways)72 610.8 Q F0 .452(if it e)2.952 F .452(xists and installs those routes de\214ned there, then broadcasts on each local netw)
-.15 F .453(ork to which the)-.1 F 1.004
(host is attached to \214nd other instances of the routing daemon.)72
622.8 R 1.004(If an)6.004 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G 1.004(esponses are recei)
-3.504 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.004(d, the routing).15 F 1.501
(daemons cooperate in maintaining a globally consistent vie)72 634.8 R
4.001(wo)-.25 G 4.002(fr)-4.001 G 1.502(outing in the local en)-4.002 F
4.002(vironment. This)-.4 F(vie)72 646.8 Q 2.726(wc)-.25 G .226(an be e)
-2.726 F .226(xtended to include remote sites also running the routing daemon by setting up suitable entries)
-.15 F(in)72 658.8 Q F1(/etc/gate)2.5 E(ways)-.15 E F0 2.5(;c)C(onsult)
-2.5 E F1 -.45(ro)2.5 G(uted).45 E F0
(\(8\) for a more thorough discussion.)1.666 E .792
(The second approach is to de\214ne a def)97 674.4 R .792
(ault or wildcard route to a smart g)-.1 F(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G
3.293(ya).1 G .793(nd depend on the)-3.293 F -.05(ga)72 686.4 S(te).05 E
-.1(wa)-.25 G 3.434(yt).1 G 3.434(op)-3.434 G(ro)-3.434 E .933(vide ICMP routing redirect information to dynamically create a routing data base.)
-.15 F .933(This is)5.933 F(done by adding an entry of the form)72 698.4
Q(route add def)108 716.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(smart-gate)2.5 E(way)-.15 E F0
(1)2.5 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 35)172.84 E(to)72 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(/etc/r)2.938 E(c.local)-.37 E F0 2.938(;s)C(ee)-2.938 E F1 -.45(ro)
2.938 G(ute).45 E F0 .438(\(8\) for more information.)1.666 F .438
(The def)5.438 F .439(ault route will be used by the system as a `)-.1 F
(`last)-.74 E(resort')72 96 Q 2.887('i)-.74 G 2.887(nr)-2.887 G .387
(outing pack)-2.887 F .387(ets to their destination.)-.1 F .387
(Assuming the g)5.387 F(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 2.887(yt).1 G 2.887(ow)
-2.887 G .387(hich pack)-2.887 F .387(ets are directed is able)-.1 F
.155(to generate the proper routing redirect messages, the system will then add routing table entries based on the)
72 108 R .776(information supplied.)72 120 R .776
(This approach has certain adv)5.776 F .776(antages o)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 3.276(rt).15 G .776(he routing daemon, b)-3.276 F .775
(ut is unsuitable in)-.2 F .303(an en)72 132 R .303
(vironment where there are only bridges \(i.e.)-.4 F .303(pseudo g)5.303
F(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G .303
(ys that, for instance, do not generate rout-).1 F .534
(ing redirect messages\).)72 144 R(Further)5.534 E 3.034(,i)-.4 G 3.034
(ft)-3.034 G .534(he smart g)-3.034 F(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 3.034(yg)
.1 G .534(oes do)-3.034 F .534(wn there is no alternati)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.033(,s).15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.033 H .533(manual alter)3.233 F
(-)-.2 E(ation of the routing table entry)72 156 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(om)
-2.5 G(aintaining service.)-2.5 E .893(The system al)97 171.6 R -.1(wa)
-.1 G .894(ys listens, and processes, routing redirect information, so it is possible to combine)
.1 F .329(both of the abo)72 183.6 R .628 -.15(ve f)-.15 H 2.828
(acilities. F).05 F .328(or e)-.15 F .328
(xample, the routing table management process might be used to maintain)
-.15 F .141
(up to date information about routes to geographically local netw)72
195.6 R .141(orks, while emplo)-.1 F .141(ying the wildcard routing)-.1
F .697(techniques for `)72 207.6 R(`distant')-.74 E 3.197('n)-.74 G(etw)
-3.197 E 3.197(orks. The)-.1 F F1(netstat)3.197 E F0 .697
(\(1\) program may be used to display routing table contents)1.666 F
(as well as v)72 219.6 Q(arious routing oriented statistics.)-.25 E -.15
(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample,)-2.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 237.6 Q
F0(netstat \255r)1.666 E
(will display the contents of the routing tables, while)72 255.6 Q F2(#)
108 273.6 Q F0(netstat \255r \255s)1.666 E .51(will sho)72 291.6 R 3.01
(wt)-.25 G .51(he number of routing table entries dynamically created as a result of routing redirect messages,)
-3.01 F(etc.)72 303.6 Q F2 2.5(5.5. Use)72 327.6 R
(of 2.11BSD machines as gateways)2.5 E F0 .709
(Only sheer insanity could prompt the use of 2.11BSD machines as g)97
343.2 R(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 3.209(ys. If).1 F(you)3.208 E F2 -.18
(re)3.208 G(ally).18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.208 G .708(nt to).1 F .053
(do this then the best recourse is to pro)72 355.2 R .053
(wl the sources and see what has to be done.)-.25 F .053
(The code is all there, and)5.053 F(the "ipforw)72 367.2 Q(arding" v)-.1
E(ariable is present.)-.25 E .572(Local area routing within a group of interconnected Ethernets and other such netw)
97 382.8 R .572(orks may be han-)-.1 F 1.07(dled by)72 394.8 R F1 -.45
(ro)3.57 G(uted).45 E F0 3.57(\(8\). Gate)1.666 F -.1(wa)-.25 G 1.07
(ys between the Internet and one or more local netw).1 F 1.071
(orks require an additional)-.1 F .004
(routing protocol, the Exterior Gate)72 406.8 R -.1(wa)-.25 G 2.504(yP)
.1 G .004(rotocol \(EGP\), to inform the core g)-2.504 F(ate)-.05 E -.1
(wa)-.25 G .003(ys of their presence and to).1 F
(acquire routing information from the core.)72 418.8 Q F2 2.5(5.6. Netw)
72 442.8 R(ork ser)-.1 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E F0 1.162
(In 2.11BSD most of the serv)97 458.4 R 1.163
(er programs are started up by a `)-.15 F 1.163(`super serv)-.74 F(er')
-.15 E 1.163(', the Internet daemon.)-.74 F 2.741(The Internet daemon,)
72 470.4 R F1(inetd)5.241 E F0 5.241(,a)C 2.741(cts as a master serv)
-5.241 F 2.74
(er for programs speci\214ed in its con\214guration \214le,)-.15 F F1
(/etc/inetd.conf)72 482.4 Q F0 4.338(,l)C 1.838
(istening for service requests for these serv)-4.338 F 1.839
(ers, and starting up the appropriate program)-.15 F(whene)72 494.4 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.612(rar).15 G .112(equest is recei)-2.612 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.611(d. The).15 F .111(con\214guration \214le contains lines containing a service name \(as found in)
2.611 F F1(/etc/services)72 506.4 Q F0 .385(\), the type of sock)B .385
(et the serv)-.1 F .385(er e)-.15 F .386
(xpects \(e.g. stream or dgram\), the protocol to be used with the)-.15
F(sock)72 518.4 Q .623(et \(as found in)-.1 F F1(/etc/pr)3.123 E
(otocols)-.45 E F0 .623(\), whether to w)B .622(ait for each serv)-.1 F
.622(er to complete before starting up another)-.15 F(,)-.4 E 1.014
(the user name as which the serv)72 530.4 R 1.014
(er should run, the serv)-.15 F 1.015(er program')-.15 F 3.515(sn)-.55 G
1.015(ame, and at most \214v)-3.515 F 3.515(ea)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.515 G
1.015(uments to).18 F .425(pass to the serv)72 542.4 R .425(er program.)
-.15 F .425(Some tri)5.425 F .425
(vial services are implemented internally in)-.25 F F1(inetd)2.925 E F0
2.925(,a)C .425(nd their serv)-2.925 F .425(ers are)-.15 F(listed as `)
72 554.4 Q(`internal.)-.74 E 3.98 -.74('' F)-.7 H(or e).59 E
(xample, an entry for the \214le transfer protocol serv)-.15 E(er w)-.15
E(ould appear as)-.1 E 11.39(ftp stream)108 572.4 R 10.28(tcp no)23.34 F
-.1(wa)-.25 G 20.63(it root).1 F(/usr/libe)8.89 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 7.25
(c/ftpd ftpd).15 F(-l)2.5 E(or if you are using the)72 590.4 Q F1
(tcp_wr)2.5 E(apper)-.15 E F0(program as)2.5 E 11.39(ftp stream)108
608.4 R 10.28(tcp no)23.34 F -.1(wa)-.25 G 20.63(it root).1 F(/usr/libe)
8.89 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 6.14(c/tcpd ftpd).15 F(-l)2.5 E(Consult)72 626.4 Q
F1(inetd)3.617 E F0 1.118(\(8\) for more detail on the format of the con\214guration \214le and the operation of the Internet)
1.666 F(daemon.)72 638.4 Q F2 2.5(5.7. Netw)72 662.4 R(ork data bases)
-.1 E F0(Se)97 678 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .761
(ral data \214les are used by the netw).15 F .761
(ork library routines and serv)-.1 F .76(er programs.)-.15 F .76
(Most of these \214les)5.76 F
(are host independent and updated only rarely)72 690 Q(.)-.65 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 36)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E 59.19
(File Manual)108 84 R 12.5(reference Use)2.5 F .4 LW 421.89 88.5 108
88.5 DL(/etc/hosts)108 98 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(hosts)39.47 E F0
48.854(\(5\) host)1.666 F(names)2.5 E(/etc/netw)108 110 Q(orks)-.1 E F1
(networks)23.47 E F0 33.304(\(5\) netw)1.666 F(ork names)-.1 E
(/etc/services)108 122 Q F1(services)27.82 E F0 37.204(\(5\) list)1.666
F(of kno)2.5 E(wn services)-.25 E(/etc/protocols)108 134 Q F1(pr)22.81 E
(otocols)-.45 E F0 32.084(\(5\) protocol)1.666 F(names)2.5 E
(/etc/hosts.equi)108 146 Q(v)-.25 E F1 -.1(rs)15 G(hd).1 E F0 51.734
(\(8\) list)1.666 F(of `)2.5 E(`trusted')-.74 E 2.5('h)-.74 G(osts)-2.5
E(/etc/rc.local)108 158 Q F1 -.37(rc)30.32 G F0 61.454(\(8\) command)
2.036 F(script for starting serv)2.5 E(ers)-.15 E(/etc/ftpusers)108 170
Q F1(ftpd)28.37 E F0 53.854(\(8\) list)1.666 F(of `)2.5 E(`unwelcome')
-.74 E 2.5('f)-.74 G(tp users)-2.5 E(/etc/hosts.lpd)108 182 Q F1(lpd)
24.19 E F0 56.634(\(8\) list)1.666 F(of hosts allo)2.5 E
(wed to access printers)-.25 E(/etc/inetd.conf)108 194 Q F1(inetd)19.76
E F0 49.414(\(8\) list)1.666 F(of serv)2.5 E(ers started by)-.15 E F1
(inetd)2.5 E F0 .162(The \214les distrib)72 218 R .162
(uted are set up for Internet hosts.)-.2 F .162(Local netw)5.162 F .162
(orks and hosts should be added to describe the)-.1 F .272
(local con\214guration.)72 230 R(Netw)5.272 E .272(ork numbers will ha)
-.1 F .571 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.771(ob).15 G 2.771(ec)-2.771 G .271
(hosen for each Ethernet.)-2.771 F -.15(Fo)5.271 G 2.771(rs).15 G .271
(ites not connected to)-2.771 F .341
(the Internet, these can be chosen more or less arbitrarily)72 242 R
2.841(,o)-.65 G .341(therwise the normal channels should be used for)
-2.841 F(allocation of netw)72 254 Q(ork numbers.)-.1 E/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(5.7.1. Regenerating)72 278 R
(/etc/hosts and /etc/netw)2.5 E(orks)-.1 E F0 .153
(When using the host address routines that use the Internet name serv)97
293.6 R(er)-.15 E 2.653(,t)-.4 G .153(he \214le)-2.653 F F1(/etc/hosts)
2.653 E F0 .153(is only used)2.653 F .793(for setting interf)72 305.6 R
.793(ace addresses and at other times that the serv)-.1 F .794
(er is not running, and therefore it need only)-.15 F 1.8
(contain addresses for local hosts.)72 317.6 R 1.8(There is no equi)6.8
F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.8(lent service for netw).25 F 1.8(ork names yet.)-.1
F 1.8(The days of)6.8 F(retrie)72 329.6 Q .249
(ving a host \214le containing all systems on the Internet are o)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.85 -.55(r. B).15 H .25(esides, you w).55 F .25
(ould gro)-.1 F 2.75(wv)-.25 G .25(ery old and)-2.9 F 1.179
(run out of disk space while w)72 341.6 R 1.179(aiting for)-.1 F F1
(mkhosts)3.679 E F0 1.179
(\(8\) to process a hosts \214le containing the se)1.666 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 1.179(ral million).15 F 3.593(entries. Therefore)72 353.6 R 1.093
(the details of retrie)3.593 F 1.093(ving a master hosts \214le using)
-.25 F F1(htable)3.593 E F0 1.093(\(8\) and)1.666 F F1 -.1(ge)3.594 G
(ttable).1 E F0 1.094(\(8\) ha)1.666 F 1.394 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een).15 E
(remo)72 365.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(df).15 G .321(rom this document.)
-2.821 F(Ho)5.321 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ri).15 G 2.82(fy)-2.82
G .32(ou do use local hosts \214les you will still need to run)-2.82 F
F1(mkhosts)2.82 E F0(\(8\))1.666 E(and this is described belo)72 377.6 Q
-.65(w.)-.25 G .579(If you are using the host table for host name and address mapping, you should run)
97 393.2 R F1(mkhosts)3.079 E F0 .58(\(8\) after)1.666 F(installing)72
405.2 Q F1(/etc/hosts)2.848 E F0 5.348(.T)C(he)-5.348 E F1(mkhosts)2.848
E F0 .348(\(8\) program has been enhanced for 2.11BSD to allo)1.666 F
2.848(wm)-.25 G .348(ultiple addresses)-2.848 F .92(per host.)72 417.2 R
.92(The order in which the addresses are gi)5.92 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42
(ni).15 G(n)-3.42 E F1(/etc/hosts)3.42 E F0 .92(is preserv)3.42 F .92
(ed, so the entries for a gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .057
(host should be in order of importance.)72 429.2 R .057
(If you are using the name serv)5.057 F .056
(er for the host name and address map-)-.15 F .35
(ping, you only need to install)72 441.2 R F1(networks)2.85 E F0 .35
(and a small cop)2.85 F 2.85(yo)-.1 G(f)-2.85 E F1(hosts)2.85 E F0 .35
(describing your local machines.)2.85 F .35(The full)5.35 F .863
(host table in this case might be placed some)72 453.2 R .863
(where else for reference by users.)-.25 F .862(The g)5.863 F(ate)-.05 E
-.1(wa)-.25 G .862(ys \214le may be).1 F 1.585(installed in)72 465.2 R
F1(/etc/gate)4.085 E(ways)-.15 E F0 1.586(if you use)4.086 F F1 -.45(ro)
4.086 G(uted).45 E F0 1.586(\(8\) for local routing and wish to ha)1.666
F 1.886 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.586(tatic e).15 F 1.586(xternal routes)-.15 F
.045(installed when)72 477.2 R F1 -.45(ro)2.545 G(uted).45 E F0 .045
(is started.)2.545 F .044(This procedure is essentially obsolete, ho)
5.044 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .844 -.4(r, e).15 H .044
(xcept for indi).25 F .044(vidual hosts)-.25 F .286
(that are on the Milnet and do not forw)72 489.2 R .286(ard pack)-.1 F
.286(ets from a local netw)-.1 F 2.787(ork. Other)-.1 F .287
(situations require the use of)2.787 F F2(gated)72 501.2 Q F0 5.092(.T)C
.092(hat program can ne)-5.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.592(rb).15 G 2.592(em)
-2.592 G .092
(ade to run on a PDP-11 due to address space considerations.)-2.592 F
.091(Also, the)5.091 F(netw)72 513.2 Q(orking code could not e)-.1 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nb).15 G -.15(eg)-2.5 G
(in to handle the number of routes which w).15 E(ould be recei)-.1 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(d.).15 E .5(If you are connected to the Internet, it is highly recommended that you use the name serv)
97 528.8 R .5(er resolv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E .243
(routines for your host name and address mapping, as this pro)72 540.8 R
.243(vides access to a much lar)-.15 F .243(ger set of hosts than)-.18 F
.954(are pro)72 552.8 R .954(vided in the host table.)-.15 F(Man)5.954 E
3.454(yl)-.15 G(ar)-3.454 E .954(ge or)-.18 F -.05(ga)-.18 G .954
(nization on the netw).05 F .954(ork, currently ha)-.1 F 1.254 -.15
(ve o)-.2 H .955(nly a small per).15 F(-)-.2 E
(centage of their hosts listed in the host table retrie)72 564.8 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom NIC.)-2.5 E F2 2.5(5.7.2. /etc/hosts.equi)72
588.8 R(v)-.1 E F0 2.579(The remote login and shell serv)97 604.4 R
2.578(ers use an authentication scheme based on trusted hosts.)-.15 F
(The)7.578 E F1(hosts.equiv)72 616.4 Q F0 .136(\214le contains a list of hosts that are considered trusted and, under a single administrati)
2.635 F .436 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ontrol.).15 E .557
(When a user contacts a remote login or shell serv)72 628.4 R .557
(er requesting service, the client process passes the user')-.15 F(s)
-.55 E .215(name and the of)72 640.4 R .216
(\214cial name of the host on which the client is located.)-.25 F .216
(In the simple case, if the host')5.216 F 2.716(sn)-.55 G(ame)-2.716 E
.527(is located in)72 652.4 R F1(hosts.equiv)3.026 E F0 .526
(and the user has an account on the serv)3.026 F(er')-.15 E 3.026(sm)
-.55 G .526(achine, then service is rendered \(i.e.)-3.026 F 1.815
(the user is allo)72 664.4 R 1.816(wed to log in, or the command is e)
-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.316(cuted\). Users).15 F 1.816(may e)4.316 F
1.816(xpand this `)-.15 F(`equi)-.74 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lence').25 E 4.316
('o)-.74 G(f)-4.316 E .485(machines by installing a)72 676.4 R F1
(.rhosts)2.985 E F0 .485(\214le in their login directory)2.985 F 5.485
(.T)-.65 G .485(he root login is handled specially)-5.485 F 2.985(,b)
-.65 G(ypassing)-2.985 E(the)72 688.4 Q F1(hosts.equiv)2.5 E F0
(\214le, and using only the)2.5 E F1(/.rhosts)2.5 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E .7
(Thus, to create a class of equi)97 704 R -.25(va)-.25 G .701
(lent machines, the).25 F F1(hosts.equiv)3.201 E F0 .701
(\214le should contain the)3.201 F F1(of)3.201 E(\214cial)-.18 E F0
(names)3.201 E .118(for those machines.)72 716 R .118
(If you are running the name serv)5.118 F(er)-.15 E 2.618(,y)-.4 G .117
(ou may omit the domain part of the host name for)-2.618 F .025
(machines in your local domain.)72 728 R -.15(Fo)5.025 G 2.525(re).15 G
.025(xample, se)-2.675 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .025
(ral machines on my local netw).15 F .026(ork are considered trusted,)
-.1 F(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 37)172.84 E(so the)72 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(hosts.equiv)2.5 E F0(\214le is of the form:)2.5 E(wlv)108 102 Q(wlone)
108 114 Q(x)-.15 E(wlone)108 126 Q(x0)-.15 E(wlbr)108 138 Q/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(5.7.3. /etc/r)72 168 R(c.local)-.18 E F0 .849
(Most netw)97 183.6 R .849(ork serv)-.1 F .848(ers are automatically started up at boot time by the command \214le /etc/rc \(if the)
-.15 F(y)-.15 E .339(are installed in their presumed locations\) or by the Internet daemon \(see abo)
72 195.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.839(\). These).15 F .339(include the follo)
2.839 F(w-)-.25 E(ing:)72 207.6 Q 14.17(Program Serv)108 231.6 R 125.14
(er Started)-.15 F(by)2.5 E .4 LW 353.53 236.1 108 236.1 DL 31.39
(rshd shell)108 245.6 R(serv)2.5 E 105.42(er inetd)-.15 F(re)108 257.6 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G 22.26(cd e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(cs).15 G(erv)-2.5 E
106.29(er inetd)-.15 F 19.72(rlogind login)108 269.6 R(serv)2.5 E 103.75
(er inetd)-.15 F 21.39(telnetd TELNET)108 281.6 R(serv)2.5 E 86.54
(er inetd)-.15 F 32.5(ftpd FTP)108 293.6 R(serv)2.5 E 107.08(er inetd)
-.15 F 20.28(\214ngerd Finger)108 305.6 R(serv)2.5 E 98.2(er inetd)-.15
F 29.72(tftpd TFTP)108 317.6 R(serv)2.5 E 100.97(er inetd)-.15 F 23.06
(rwhod system)108 329.6 R(status daemon)2.5 E(/etc/rc)66.37 E 18.05
(syslogd error)108 341.6 R(logging serv)2.5 E 71.82(er /etc/rc)-.15 F
12.5(sendmail SMTP)108 353.6 R(serv)2.5 E 98.19(er /etc/rc)-.15 F 23.06
(routed routing)108 365.6 R(table management daemon)2.5 E(/etc/rc)15 E
1.157(Consult the manual pages and accompan)72 389.6 R 1.156
(ying documentation \(particularly for sendmail\) for details about)-.15
F(their operation.)72 401.6 Q 1.935 -.8(To h)97 417.2 T -2.25 -.2(av e)
.8 H .336(other netw)3.035 F .336(ork serv)-.1 F .336(ers started up as well, the appropriate line should be added to the Internet)
-.15 F(daemon')72 429.2 Q 3.417(sc)-.55 G .917(on\214guration \214le)
-3.417 F F1(/etc/inetd.conf)3.417 E F0 3.417(,o)C 3.417(rc)-3.417 G .916
(ommands similar to the follo)-3.417 F .916
(wing should be placed in the)-.25 F(site dependent \214le)72 441.2 Q F1
(/etc/r)2.5 E(c.local)-.37 E F0(.)A(if [ -f /usr/sbin/rwhod ]; then)108
459.2 Q(rwhod & echo -n ' rwhod')133 471.2 Q(>/de)69.75 E(v/console)-.25
E(fi)108 483.2 Q F2 2.5(5.7.4. /etc/ftpusers)72 513.2 R F0 .259
(The FTP serv)97 528.8 R .259(er included in the system pro)-.15 F .259
(vides support for an anon)-.15 F .26(ymous FTP account.)-.15 F .26
(Because of)5.26 F 1.073(the inherent security problems with such a f)72
540.8 R 1.072
(acility you should read this section carefully if you consider)-.1 F
(pro)72 552.8 Q(viding such a service.)-.15 E .252(An anon)97 568.4 R
.252(ymous account is enabled by creating a user)-.15 F F1(ftp)2.753 E
F0 5.253(.W)C .253(hen a client uses the anon)-5.253 F .253
(ymous account)-.15 F(a)72 580.4 Q F1 -.15(ch)2.73 G -.45(ro).15 G(ot)
.45 E F0 .229(\(2\) system call is performed by the serv)1.666 F .229
(er to restrict the client from mo)-.15 F .229
(ving outside that part of the)-.15 F .909
(\214le system where the user ftp home directory is located.)72 592.4 R
.91(Because a)5.909 F F1 -.15(ch)3.41 G -.45(ro).15 G(ot).45 E F0 .91
(call is used, certain programs)3.41 F .039
(and \214les used by the serv)72 604.4 R .039
(er process must be placed in the ftp home directory)-.15 F 5.038(.F)
-.65 G(urther)-5.038 E 2.538(,o)-.4 G .038(ne must be sure that)-2.538 F
(all directories and e)72 616.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable images are unwritable.).15 E(The follo)5 E
(wing directory setup is recommended.)-.25 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768
Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 38)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 84 Q F0(cd ~ftp)2.5 E F1(#)108 96 Q F0
(chmod 555 .; cho)2.5 E(wn ftp .; chgrp ftp .)-.25 E F1(#)108 108 Q F0
(mkdir bin etc pub)2.5 E F1(#)108 120 Q F0(cho)2.5 E(wn root bin etc)
-.25 E F1(#)108 132 Q F0(chmod 555 bin etc)2.5 E F1(#)108 144 Q F0(cho)
2.5 E(wn ftp pub)-.25 E F1(#)108 156 Q F0(chmod 777 pub)2.5 E F1(#)108
168 Q F0(cd bin)2.5 E F1(#)108 180 Q F0(cp /bin/sh /bin/ls .)2.5 E F1(#)
108 192 Q F0(chmod 111 sh ls)2.5 E F1(#)108 204 Q F0(cd ../etc)2.5 E F1
(#)108 216 Q F0(cp /etc/passwd /etc/group .)2.5 E F1(#)108 228 Q F0
(chmod 444 passwd group)2.5 E .627
(When local users wish to place \214les in the anon)72 246 R .627
(ymous area, the)-.15 F 3.127(ym)-.15 G .627
(ust be placed in a subdirectory)-3.127 F 5.627(.I)-.65 G 3.127(nt)
-5.627 G(he)-3.127 E(setup here, the directory)72 258 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(~ftp/pub)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.5 E(NO)97 273.6 Q .75
(TE: Mode 777 on the 'pub' directory can and has been ab)-.4 F 3.25
(used! Changing)-.2 F .75(the mode to 555 is a)3.25 F .878
(good choice b)72 285.6 R .878(ut w)-.2 F .878
(ould require administrati)-.1 F 1.178 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .879
(ssistance for placing \214les in the 'pub' directory).15 F 5.879(.P)
-.65 G(robably)-5.879 E(not a bad idea though.)72 297.6 Q .306
(Another issue to consider is the cop)97 313.2 R 2.806(yo)-.1 G(f)-2.806
E F2(/etc/passwd)2.806 E F0 .306(placed here.)2.806 F .305
(It may be copied by users who use)5.305 F .914(the anon)72 325.2 R .914
(ymous account.)-.15 F(The)5.914 E 3.414(ym)-.15 G .914
(ay then try to break the passw)-3.414 F .914
(ords of users on your machine for further)-.1 F 2.5(access. A)72 337.2
R(good choice of users to include in this cop)2.5 E 2.5(ym)-.1 G
(ight be root, daemon, uucp, and the ftp user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 1.416
(Aside from the problems of directory modes and such, the ftp serv)97
352.8 R 1.415(er may pro)-.15 F 1.415(vide a loophole for)-.15 F .194
(interlopers if certain user accounts are allo)72 364.8 R 2.694
(wed. The)-.25 F(\214le)2.694 E F2(/etc/ftpuser)2.694 E(s)-.1 E F0 .195
(is check)2.694 F .195(ed on each connection.)-.1 F .195(If the)5.195 F
.577(requested user name is located in the \214le, the request for service is denied.)
72 376.8 R .576(This \214le normally has the fol-)5.577 F(lo)72 388.8 Q
(wing names on our systems.)-.25 E(uucp)108 406.8 Q(root)108 418.8 Q
1.234(Accounts with nonstandard shells should be listed in this \214le.)
72 436.8 R 1.234(Accounts without passw)6.234 F 1.234(ords need not be)
-.1 F(listed in this \214le, the ftp serv)72 448.8 Q
(er will not service these users.)-.15 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 39)172.84 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(6. SYSTEM OPERA)
220.062 84 Q(TION)-1.14 E F0 1.47(This section describes procedures used to operate a PDP-11 UNIX system.)
97 123.6 R 1.47(Procedures described)6.47 F 1.329
(here are used periodically)72 135.6 R 3.829(,t)-.65 G 3.829(or)-3.829 G
1.329(eboot the system, analyze error messages from de)-3.829 F 1.33
(vices, do disk backups,)-.25 F
(monitor system performance, recompile system softw)72 147.6 Q
(are and control local changes.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5
(6.1. Bootstrap)72 171.6 R(and shutdo)2.5 E(wn pr)-.1 E(ocedur)-.18 E
(es)-.18 E F0 .536(In a normal reboot, the system checks the disks and comes up multi-user without interv)
97 187.2 R .536(ention at the)-.15 F 3.431(console. Such)72 199.2 R
3.431(ar)3.431 G .932(eboot can be stopped \(after it prints the date\) with a ^C \(interrupt\).)
-3.431 F .932(This will lea)5.932 F 1.232 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .059
(system in single-user mode, with only the console terminal acti)72
211.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.059(.I).15 G 2.559(ti)-5.059 G 2.559(sa)-2.559
G .059(lso possible to allo)-2.559 F 2.558(wt)-.25 G .058
(he \214lesystem)-2.558 F
(checks to complete and then to return to single-user mode by signaling)
72 223.2 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fsc)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(with a Q)2.5 E
(UIT signal \(^\\\).)-.1 E(If booting from the console command le)97
238.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(li).15 G 2.5(sn)-2.5 G
(eeded, then the command)-2.5 E F2(>>>)108 256.8 Q F0(B)2.5 E .565
(will boot from the def)72 274.8 R .565(ault de)-.1 F .565
(vice and ask for the name of the system to be booted.)-.25 F .565
(Other systems such as)5.565 F(the 11/44 require a de)72 286.8 Q
(vice name to be gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(n:).15 E F2(>>>)108 304.8 Q F0
2.5(BD)2.5 G(U)-2.5 E .458(to boot from a MSCP/UD)72 322.8 R 2.958(Ad)
-.4 G -.25(ev)-2.958 G 2.958(ice. T).25 F .458
(yping a carriage return will cause the def)-.8 F .457
(ault system \(as compiled in)-.1 F(in section 4.1\), to be booted.)72
334.8 Q(In an)5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ase, the system selected will come up in single-user mode.)-2.5 E 1.957
-.8(To b)97 350.4 T .357(ring the system up to a multi-user con\214guration from the single-user all you ha)
.8 F .658 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.858(od).15 G 2.858(oi)-2.858 G 2.858(sh)
-2.858 G .358(it ^D)-2.858 F .063(on the console.)72 362.4 R .063
(The system will then e)5.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .062(cute /etc/rc, a multi-user restart script \(and /etc/rc.local\), and come)
.15 F 1.088(up on the terminals listed as acti)72 374.4 R 1.389 -.15
(ve i)-.25 H 3.589(nt).15 G 1.089(he \214le /etc/ttys.)-3.589 F(See)
6.089 E F3(init)3.589 E F0 1.089(\(8\) and)1.666 F F3(ttys)3.589 E F0
3.589(\(5\). Note,)1.666 F(ho)3.589 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.889 -.4
(r, t).15 H 1.089(hat this).4 F .161
(does not cause a \214le system check to be performed.)72 386.4 R .16
(Unless the system w)5.161 F .16(as tak)-.1 F .16(en do)-.1 F .16
(wn cleanly)-.25 F 2.66(,y)-.65 G .16(ou should)-2.66 F(run `)72 398.4 Q
(`fsck')-.74 E 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5(rf)-2.5 G(orce a reboot with)-2.5 E F3
-.37(re)2.5 G(boot).37 E F0(\(8\) to ha)1.666 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he disks check).15 E(ed.)-.1 E 1.6 -.8(To t)97 414 T(ak).8 E 2.5(et)-.1
G(he system do)-2.5 E(wn to a single user state you can use)-.25 E F2(#)
108 432 Q F0(kill 1)2.5 E .006(or use the)72 450 R F3(shutdown)2.507 E
F0 .007(\(8\) command \(which is much more polite, if there are other users logged in.\))
1.666 F .007(when you)5.007 F .22(are up multi-user)72 462 R 5.22(.E)
-.55 G .22(ither command will kill all processes and gi)-5.22 F .519
-.15(ve y)-.25 H .219(ou a shell on the console, as if you had).15 F
1.056(just booted.)72 474 R 1.056
(File systems remain mounted after the system is tak)6.056 F 1.057
(en single-user)-.1 F 6.057(.I)-.55 G 3.557(fy)-6.057 G 1.057
(ou wish to come up)-3.557 F(multi-user ag)72 486 Q
(ain, you should do this by:)-.05 E F2(#)108 504 Q F0(cd /)2.5 E F2(#)
108 516 Q F0(umount -a)2.5 E F2(#)108 528 Q F0(^D)2.5 E .389
(Each system shutdo)97 549.6 R .388(wn, crash, processor halt and reboot is recorded in the \214le /usr/adm/shutdo)
-.25 F(wnlog)-.25 E(with the cause.)72 561.6 Q F2 2.5(6.2. De)72 585.6 R
(vice err)-.15 E(ors and diagnostics)-.18 E F0 .326(When serious errors occur on peripherals or in the system, the system prints a w)
97 601.2 R .327(arning diagnostic on)-.1 F 1.082(the console.)72 613.2 R
1.082(These messages are written to the k)6.082 F 1.081
(ernel logger where the)-.1 F 3.581(ya)-.15 G 1.081(re retrie)-3.581 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.581(db).15 G(y)-3.581 E F3(syslo)3.581 E(gd)-.1 E F0
1.081(\(8\) via)1.666 F F3(/de)72 625.2 Q(v/klo)-.15 E(g)-.1 E F0(-)
2.624 E F3(dmesg)2.624 E F0 .124(\(8\) is no)1.666 F 2.624(wo)-.25 G
(bsolete.)-2.624 E F3(dmesg)5.124 E F0 .125
(\(8\) is present in the distrib)1.666 F .125(ution b)-.2 F .125
(ut no longer used.)-.2 F .125(The mes-)5.125 F(sage b)72 637.2 Q(uf)-.2
E(fer is no)-.25 E 2.5(w4)-.25 G(kb in size and e)-2.5 E
(xternal to the k)-.15 E(ernel.)-.1 E .486
(Error messages printed by the de)97 652.8 R .486
(vices in the system are described with the dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.486(rs for the de).15 F .485(vices in)-.25 F .884
(section 4 of the programmer')72 664.8 R 3.384(sm)-.55 G 3.384
(anual. Some)-3.384 F(dri)3.384 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .884(rs ha).15 F 1.184
-.15(ve b)-.2 H .885(een modi\214ed to use the k).15 F .885
(ernel logger)-.1 F 3.385(,o)-.4 G(thers)-3.385 E 1.047
(still simply do printf statements.)72 676.8 R 1.046
(If errors occur suggesting hardw)6.047 F 1.046
(are problems, you should contact your)-.1 F(hardw)72 688.8 Q .35
(are support group or \214eld service.)-.1 F .35(It is a good idea to e)
5.35 F .35(xamine the error log \214les re)-.15 F .35
(gularly \(e.g. with)-.15 F -.74(``)72 700.8 S(tail \255r).74 E F3
(/usr/adm/messa)2.5 E -.1(ge)-.1 G(s).1 E F0 -.74('')C(\).).74 E
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 40)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(6.3. File)72 84 R
(system checks, backups and disaster r)2.5 E(eco)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(ry)
.1 E F0 1.134(Periodically \(say e)97 99.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.133
(ry week or so in the absence of an).15 F 3.633(yp)-.15 G 1.133
(roblems\) and al)-3.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.133(ys \(usually automati-).1
F .902(cally\) after a crash, all the \214le systems should be check)72
111.6 R .902(ed for consistenc)-.1 F 3.402(yb)-.15 G(y)-3.402 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(fsc)3.402 E(k)-.2 E F0 3.402(\(8\). The)1.666 F .902
(procedures of)3.402 F F2 -.37(re)72 123.6 S(boot).37 E F0 .29(\(8\) should be used to get the system to a state where a \214le system check can be performed manually)
1.666 F(or automatically)72 135.6 Q(.)-.65 E .507
(Dumping of the \214le systems should be done on a re)97 151.2 R .507
(gular schedule, since once the system is going it)-.15 F 1.854
(is easy to become complacent.)72 163.2 R 1.853
(Complete and incremental dumps are easily done with)6.853 F F2(dump)
4.353 E F0 4.353(\(8\). Y)1.666 F(ou)-1.1 E .252
(should arrange to do a to)72 175.2 R .252(wers-of-hanoi dump sequence; we tune ours so that almost all \214les are dumped on)
-.25 F(tw)72 187.2 Q 2.682(ot)-.1 G .182(apes and k)-2.682 F .182
(ept for at least a week in most e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .182(ry case.)
.15 F 1.782 -.8(We t)5.182 H(ak).8 E 2.682(ef)-.1 G .182(ull dumps e)
-2.682 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .182(ry month \(and k).15 F .181(eep these)-.1 F
(inde\214nitely\).)72 199.2 Q .396(More precisely)97 214.8 R 2.896(,w)
-.65 G 2.896(eh)-2.896 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.896 H .396(three sets of dump tapes: 10 daily tapes, 5 weekly sets of 2 tapes, and fresh)
3.096 F .189(sets of three tapes monthly)72 226.8 R 5.189(.W)-.65 G
2.689(ed)-5.989 G 2.689(od)-2.689 G .189(aily dumps circularly on the daily tapes with sequence `3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8)
-2.689 F 2.591(999.)72 238.8 S(..)-2.591 E 2.591('. Each)-.7 F .091
(weekly is a le)2.591 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.591(l1a).15 G .092
(nd the daily dump sequence le)-2.591 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.592(lr).15 G
.092(estarts after each weekly dump.)-2.592 F(Full)5.092 E(dumps are le)
72 250.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l0a).15 G
(nd the daily sequence restarts after each full dump also.)-2.5 E
(Thus a typical dump sequence w)97 266.4 Q(ould be:)-.1 E(tape name)
162.315 284.4 Q(le)15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ln).15 G 31.455
(umber date opr)-2.5 F(size)22.505 E .4 LW 413.685 288.9 162.315 288.9
DL 43.955(FULL 0)170.225 298.4 R(No)38.545 E 2.5(v2)-.15 G(4, 1979)-2.5
E 14.72(jkf 137MB)15 F 47.845(D1 3)179.115 310.4 R(No)38.545 E 2.5(v2)
-.15 G(8, 1979)-2.5 E 14.72(jkf 29MB)15 F 47.845(D2 2)179.115 322.4 R
(No)38.545 E 2.5(v2)-.15 G(9, 1979)-2.5 E 14.17(rrh 34MB)15 F 47.845
(D3 5)179.115 334.4 R(No)38.545 E 2.5(v3)-.15 G(0, 1979)-2.5 E 14.17
(rrh 19MB)15 F 47.845(D4 4)179.115 346.4 R(Dec 1, 1979)44.515 E 14.17
(rrh 22MB)15 F 47.845(W1 1)176.895 358.4 R(Dec 2, 1979)44.515 E 14.17
(etc 40MB)15 F 47.845(D5 3)179.115 370.4 R(Dec 4, 1979)44.515 E 14.17
(rrh 15MB)15 F 47.845(D6 2)179.115 382.4 R(Dec 5, 1979)44.515 E 14.72
(jkf 25MB)15 F 47.845(D7 5)179.115 394.4 R(Dec 6, 1979)44.515 E 14.72
(jkf 15MB)15 F 47.845(D8 4)179.115 406.4 R(Dec 7, 1979)44.515 E 14.17
(rrh 19MB)15 F 47.845(W2 1)176.895 418.4 R(Dec 9, 1979)44.515 E 14.17
(etc 118MB)15 F 47.845(D9 3)179.115 430.4 R(Dec 11, 1979)39.515 E 14.17
(rrh 15MB)15 F 47.845(D10 2)174.115 442.4 R(Dec 12, 1979)39.515 E 14.17
(rrh 26MB)15 F 47.845(D1 5)179.115 454.4 R(Dec 15, 1979)39.515 E 14.17
(rrh 14MB)15 F 47.845(W3 1)176.895 466.4 R(Dec 17, 1979)39.515 E 14.17
(etc 71MB)15 F 47.845(D2 3)179.115 478.4 R(Dec 18, 1979)39.515 E 14.17
(etc 13MB)15 F 43.955(FULL 0)170.225 490.4 R(Dec 22, 1979)39.515 E 14.17
(etc 135MB)15 F -.8(We)72 508.4 S
(ekly dumps are done often enough that daily dumps al).8 E -.1(wa)-.1 G
(ys \214t on one tape.).1 E .905
(Dumping of \214les by name is best done by)97 524 R F2(tar)3.404 E F0
.904(\(1\) b)1.666 F .904(ut the amount of data that can be mo)-.2 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.404(di).15 G 3.404(nt)-3.404 G(his)-3.404 E -.1(wa)72
536 S 3.584(yi).1 G 3.585(sl)-3.584 G 1.085(imited to a single tape.)
-3.585 F 1.085(Finally if there are enough dri)6.085 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.585(se).15 G 1.085(ntire disks can be copied with)-3.585 F F2(dd)3.585
E F0(\(1\))1.666 E .655(using the ra)72 548 R 3.155(ws)-.15 G .655
(pecial \214les and an appropriate blocking f)-3.155 F .654
(actor; the number of sectors per track is usually a)-.1 F(good v)72 560
Q(alue to use, consult)-.25 E F2(/etc/disktab)2.5 E F0(.)A .034
(It is desirable that full dumps of the root \214le system be made re)97
575.6 R(gularly)-.15 E 5.035(.T)-.65 G .035(hese dumps should be made)
-5.035 F .79(in `)72 587.6 R(`bootable`)-.74 E 3.29(`f)-.74 G .789(ormat, including the standalone programs mentioned back in chapter 2 \(boot, mkfs, restor)
-3.29 F(and icheck\).)72 599.6 Q
(This can easily be done by going to /sys/pdpstand and doing:)5 E(mak)
108 617.6 Q 2.5(ea)-.1 G(ll)-2.5 E(./mak)110.5 629.6 Q(etape /de)-.1 E
(v/nrmtXX mak)-.25 E(etape.data)-.1 E(dump 0u /)108 641.6 Q .389
(This is especially true when only one disk is a)72 659.6 R -.25(va)-.2
G 2.889(ilable. Then,).25 F .389
(if the root \214le system is damaged by a hard-)2.889 F -.1(wa)72 671.6
S .878(re or softw).1 F .878(are f)-.1 F .878(ailure, you can reb)-.1 F
.878(uild a w)-.2 F .878(orkable disk doing a restore in the same w)-.1
F .877(ay that the initial)-.1 F(root \214le system w)72 683.6 Q
(as created.)-.1 E .394(Exhaustion of user)97 699.2 R .394
(-\214le space is certain to occur no)-.2 F 2.894(wa)-.25 G .394
(nd then and may be managed with a combina-)-2.894 F .162
(tion of disc quotas \(the 4.3BSD disc quota system is a)72 711.2 R -.25
(va)-.2 G .162(ilable as a k).25 F .161
(ernel con\214guration option\), threatening)-.1 F(messages of the day)
72 723.2 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd personal letters.)-2.5 E(27 October 1997)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 41)172.84 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(6.4. Mo)72 84
R(ving \214le system data)-.1 E F0 1.929(If you ha)97 99.6 R 2.229 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 1.929(he equipment, the best w).15 F 1.929(ay to mo)-.1 F
2.229 -.15(ve a \214)-.15 H 1.93
(le system is to dump it to magtape using).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(dump)72 111.6 Q F0 .268(\(8\), use)1.666 F F2(ne)2.768 E(wfs)-.15 E F0
.268(\(8\) to create the ne)1.666 F 2.767<778c>-.25 G .267
(le system, and restore the tape, using)-2.767 F F2 -.37(re)2.767 G
(stor).37 E F0 2.767(\(8\). If)1.666 F .267(for some rea-)2.767 F .802
(son you don')72 123.6 R 3.302(tw)-.18 G .802
(ant to use magtape, dump accepts an ar)-3.402 F .802
(gument telling where to put the dump; you might)-.18 F 1.333
(use another disk.)72 135.6 R 1.333(Filesystems may also be mo)6.333 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.833(db).15 G 3.833(yp)-3.833 G 1.333
(iping the output of a)-3.833 F F2(tar)3.833 E F0 1.333
(\(1\) to another)1.666 F F2(tar)3.833 E F0 6.333(.T)C(he)-6.333 E F2
-.37(re)72 147.6 S(stor).37 E F0 .584(program accesses the ra)3.084 F
3.084(wd)-.15 G -.25(ev)-3.084 G .584(ice, laying do).25 F .584
(wn inodes and blocks in the same place the)-.25 F 3.085(yc)-.15 G .585
(ame from)-3.085 F .492(as recorded by dump.)72 159.6 R .491
(Care must therefore be tak)5.491 F .491
(en when restoring a dump into a \214le system smaller than)-.1 F
(the original \214le system.)72 171.6 Q .346(If you ha)97 187.2 R .646
-.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.846(os).15 G .346(hrink a \214le system or mer)-2.846
F .347(ge a \214le system into another)-.18 F 2.847(,e)-.4 G .347
(xisting one, the best bet is to)-2.997 F(use)72 199.2 Q F2(tar)2.517 E
F0 2.517(\(1\). If)1.666 F .016
(you are playing with the root \214le system and only ha)2.517 F .316
-.15(ve o)-.2 H .016(ne dri).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.516(,t).15 G .016
(he procedure is more com-)-2.516 F 3.633(plicated. If)72 211.2 R 1.133
(the only dri)3.633 F 1.433 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.633(saW).15 G 1.134
(inchester disk, this procedure may not be used without o)-4.033 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 1.134(rwriting the).15 F -.15(ex)72 223.2 S
(isting root or another partition.).15 E(What you do is the follo)5 E
(wing:)-.25 E 15(1. GET)72 238.8 R 2.5(AS)2.5 G(ECOND P)-2.5 E -.4(AC)
-.92 G(K!!!!).4 E 15(2. Dump)72 254.4 R
(the root \214le system to tape using)2.5 E F2(dump)2.5 E F0(\(8\).)
1.666 E 15(3. Bring)72 270 R(the system do)2.5 E(wn and mount the ne)
-.25 E 2.5(wp)-.25 G(ack.)-2.5 E 15(4. Load)72 285.6 R .199(the distrib)
2.699 F .199(ution tape and install the ne)-.2 F 2.698(wr)-.25 G .198
(oot \214le system as you did when \214rst installing the sys-)-2.698 F
(tem.)97 297.6 Q 15(5. Boot)72 313.2 R(normally using the ne)2.5 E
(wly created disk \214le system.)-.25 E .219(Note that if you add ne)97
328.8 R 2.719(wd)-.25 G .219(isk dri)-2.719 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .219
(rs the).15 F 2.719(ys)-.15 G .22
(hould also be added to the standalone system in)-2.719 F F2(/sys/pdp-)
2.72 E(stand)72 340.8 Q F0 5.109(.I)C 2.609(fy)-5.109 G .109
(ou change the disk partition tables the def)-2.609 F .109
(ault disk partition tables in)-.1 F F2(/etc/disktab)2.609 E F0 .108
(should be mod-)2.608 F(i\214ed.)72 352.8 Q F1 2.5(6.5. Recompiling)72
376.8 R(and r)2.5 E(einstalling system softwar)-.18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .15
(It is easy to re)97 392.4 R .15
(generate the system, and it is a good idea to try reb)-.15 F .15
(uilding pieces of the system to b)-.2 F(uild)-.2 E .64
(con\214dence in the procedures.)72 404.4 R .64
(The system consists of tw)5.64 F 3.14(om)-.1 G .64(ajor parts: the k)
-3.14 F .64(ernel itself \(/sys\) and the user)-.1 F
(programs \(/usr/src and subdirectories\).)72 416.4 Q
(The major part of this is /usr/src.)5 E 4.652(The three major libraries are the C library in /usr/src/lib/libc and the)
97 432 R/F3 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(FOR)7.152 E(TRAN)-.48 E F0(libraries)
7.152 E(/usr/src/usr)72 444 Q 1.332(.lib/libI77 and /usr/src/usr)-.55 F
3.832(.lib/libF77. In)-.55 F 1.331
(each case the library is remade by changing into the)3.832 F
(corresponding directory and doing)72 456 Q F1(#)108 474 Q F0(mak)2.5 E
(e)-.1 E(and then installed by)72 492 Q F1(#)108 510 Q F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5
(ei)-.1 G(nstall)-2.5 E(Similar to the system,)72 528 Q F1(#)108 546 Q
F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5(ec)-.1 G(lean)-2.5 E(cleans up.)72 564 Q .61
(The source for all other libraries is k)97 579.6 R .611
(ept in subdirectories of /usr/src/usr)-.1 F .611(.lib; each has a mak)
-.55 F .611(e\214le and)-.1 F(can be recompiled by the abo)72 591.6 Q .3
-.15(ve r)-.15 H(ecipe.).15 E 1.02(If you look at /usr/src/Mak)97 607.2
R 1.02(e\214le, you will see that you can recompile the entire system source with)
-.1 F 1.401(one command.)72 619.2 R 3.001 -.8(To r)6.401 H 1.402(ecompile a speci\214c program, \214nd out where the source resides with the)
.8 F F2(wher)3.902 E(eis)-.37 E F0(\(1\))1.666 E 1.807
(command, then change to that directory and remak)72 631.2 R 4.306(ei)
-.1 G 4.306(tw)-4.306 G 1.806(ith the mak)-4.306 F 1.806
(e\214le present in the directory)-.1 F 6.806(.F)-.65 G(or)-6.956 E
(instance, to recompile `)72 643.2 Q(`date')-.74 E
(', all one has to do is)-.74 E F1(#)108 661.2 Q F0(whereis date)2.5 E
F1(date: /usr/sr)108 673.2 Q
(c/bin/date.c /bin/date /usr/man/man1/date.1)-.18 E(#)108 685.2 Q F0
(cd /usr/src/bin)2.5 E F1(#)108 697.2 Q F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5(ed)-.1 G(ate)
-2.5 E .719(this will create an unstriped v)72 715.2 R .719
(ersion of the binary of `)-.15 F(`date')-.74 E 3.219('i)-.74 G 3.219
(nt)-3.219 G .719(he current directory)-3.219 F 5.719(.T)-.65 G 3.219
(oi)-6.519 G .719(nstall the binary)-3.219 F
(image, use the install command as in)72 727.2 Q(27 October 1997)254.395
768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 42)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(#)108 84 Q F0(install \255s date /bin/date)2.5 E .597
(The \255s option will insure the installed v)72 102 R .596
(ersion of date has its symbol table stripped.)-.15 F .596
(The install command)5.596 F .145
(should be used instead of mv or cp as it understands ho)72 114 R 2.646
(wt)-.25 G 2.646(oi)-2.646 G .146(nstall programs e)-2.646 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.646(nw).15 G .146(hen the program is cur)-2.646 F(-)-.2 E
(rently in use.)72 126 Q 1.507
(If you wish to recompile and install all programs in a particular tar)
97 141.6 R 1.507(get area you can o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.507
(rride the).15 F(def)72 153.6 Q(ault tar)-.1 E(get by doing:)-.18 E F1
(#)108 171.6 Q F0(mak)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(#)108 183.6 Q F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5
(eD)-.1 G(ESTDIR=)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pathname)A F0(install)
2.5 E 1.6 -.8(To r)97 205.2 T -.15(eg).8 G
(enerate all the system source you can do).15 E F1(#)108 223.2 Q F0
(cd /usr/src)2.5 E F1(#)108 235.2 Q F0(mak)2.5 E(e)-.1 E .806
(If you modify the C library)97 256.8 R 3.306(,s)-.65 G .806
(ay to change a system call, and w)-3.306 F .806(ant to reb)-.1 F .807
(uild and install e)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(rything).15 E 1.617
(from scratch you ha)72 268.8 R 1.916 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 4.116(ob).15 G
4.116(eal)-4.116 G 1.616(ittle careful.)-4.116 F -1.1(Yo)6.616 G 4.116
(um)1.1 G 1.616(ust insure that the libraries are installed before the)
-4.116 F .045(remainder of the source, otherwise the loaded images will not contain the ne)
72 280.8 R 2.545(wr)-.25 G .045(outine from the library)-2.545 F 5.045
(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.045 E(follo)72 292.8 Q
(wing sequence will accomplish this.)-.25 E F1(#)108 310.8 Q F0
(cd /usr/src)2.5 E F1(#)108 322.8 Q F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5(ec)-.1 G(lean)-2.5
E F1(#)108 334.8 Q F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5(eb)-.1 G(uild)-2.7 E F1(#)108 346.8
Q F0(mak)2.5 E 2.5(ei)-.1 G(nstallsrc)-2.5 E .596(The \214rst)72 364.8 R
F2(mak)3.096 E(e)-.1 E F0(remo)3.096 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.096(sa).15 G
.896 -.15(ny ex)-3.096 H .595
(isting binaries in the source trees to insure that e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25
G .595(rything is reloaded.).15 F(The)5.595 E(ne)72 376.8 Q(xt)-.15 E F2
(mak)3.636 E(e)-.1 E F0 1.136(compiles and installs the libraries and compilers, then compiles the remainder of the sources.)
3.636 F .008(The \214nal line installs all of the commands not installed in the \214rst phase.)
72 388.8 R .008(This will tak)5.008 F 2.508(ea)-.1 G .008
(bout 12 hours on a)-2.508 F(reasonably con\214gured 11/44.)72 400.8 Q
F1 2.5(6.6. Making)72 424.8 R(local modi\214cations)2.5 E F0(/usr/ne)97
440.4 Q 3.55(wi)-.25 G 3.55(su)-3.55 G 1.05(sed by def)-3.55 F 1.051
(ault for the programs that constitute the contrib)-.1 F 1.051
(uted softw)-.2 F 1.051(are portion of the)-.1 F(distrib)72 452.4 Q .266
(ution b)-.2 F .266(ut which may not ha)-.2 F .566 -.15(ve m)-.2 H .266
(an pages installed.).15 F .265(Locally written commands that aren')
5.266 F 2.765(td)-.18 G(istrib)-2.765 E(uted)-.2 E .763
(\(or whose man pages are not up to date\) are k)72 464.4 R .764
(ept in /usr/src/local and their binaries are k)-.1 F .764
(ept in /usr/local.)-.1 F .776(This allo)72 476.4 R .775
(ws /usr/bin, /usr/ucb, and /bin to correspond to the distrib)-.25 F
.775(ution tape People using /usr/local com-)-.2 F(mands are made a)72
488.4 Q -.1(wa)-.15 G
(re that the programs may not be in the base system yet.).1 E F1 2.5
(6.7. Accounting)72 512.4 R F0 .504(UNIX optionally records tw)97 528 R
3.004(ok)-.1 G .504
(inds of accounting information: connect time accounting and process)
-3.004 F .087(resource accounting.)72 540 R .086
(The connect time accounting information is stored in the \214le)5.087 F
F2(/usr/adm/wtmp)2.586 E F0 2.586(,w)C .086(hich is)-2.586 F 3.281
(summarized by the program)72 552 R F2(ac)5.781 E F0 5.782(\(8\). The)
1.666 F 3.282
(process time accounting information is stored in the \214le)5.782 F F2
(/usr/adm/acct)72 564 Q F0(after it is enabled by)2.5 E F2(accton)2.5 E
F0(\(8\), and is analyzed and summarized by the program)1.666 E F2(sa)
2.5 E F0(\(8\).)1.666 E 1.067(If you need to rechar)97 579.6 R 1.067
(ge for computing time, you can de)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.066
(lop procedures based on the information).15 F(pro)72 591.6 Q .421
(vided by these commands.)-.15 F 2.921(Ac)5.421 G(on)-2.921 E -.15(ve)
-.4 G .421(nient w).15 F .421(ay to do this is to gi)-.1 F .721 -.15
(ve c)-.25 H .421(ommands to the clock daemon).15 F F2(cr)2.922 E(on)
-.45 E F0 .265(to be e)72 603.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cuted e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .265(ry day at a speci\214ed time.).15 F .265
(This is done by adding lines to)5.265 F F2(/usr/adm/cr)2.764 E(ontab)
-.45 E F0 2.764(;s)C(ee)-2.764 E F2(cr)2.764 E(on)-.45 E F0(\(8\))1.666
E(for details.)72 615.6 Q F1 2.5(6.8. Resour)72 639.6 R(ce contr)-.18 E
(ol)-.18 E F0 2.484
(Resource control in 2.11BSD is more elaborate than in pre)97 655.2 R
2.484(vious PDP-11 UNIX systems.)-.25 F(The)7.484 E 1.907
(resources consumed by an)72 667.2 R 4.407(ys)-.15 G 1.906
(ingle process can be limited by the mechanisms of)-4.407 F F2
(setrlimit)4.406 E F0 4.406(\(2\). As)1.666 F(dis-)4.406 E(trib)72 679.2
Q .963(uted, the mechanism is v)-.2 F(oluntary)-.2 E 3.463(,t)-.65 G
.963(hough sites may choose to modify the login mechanism to impose)
-3.463 F 4.101(limits. Csh)72 691.2 R(no)4.101 E 4.101(wh)-.25 G 1.601
(as the)-4.101 F F2(limits)4.101 E F0 -.2(bu)4.101 G 1.601
(iltin command enabled.).2 F 1.601(Another a)6.601 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.6
(ilable option is the 4.3BSD disc).25 F(quota system.)72 703.2 Q
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 43)172.84 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(6.9. Files)72
84 R(that need periodic attention)2.5 E F0 .228(The discussion of system operations is concluded by listing the \214les that require periodic attention or)
97 99.6 R(are system speci\214c)72 111.6 Q F1(/etc/fstab)114.45 129.6 Q
F0(ho)76.6 E 2.5(wd)-.25 G(isk partitions are used)-2.5 E F1
(/etc/disktab)114.45 141.6 Q F0(disk partition sizes)66.03 E F1
(/etc/printcap)114.45 153.6 Q F0(printer data base)61.04 E F1
(/etc/gettytab)114.45 165.6 Q F0(terminal type de\214nitions)62.72 E F1
(/etc/r)114.45 177.6 Q(emote)-.18 E F0
(names and phone numbers of remote machines for)67.91 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(tip)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1(/etc/gr)114.45 189.6 Q(oup)
-.18 E F0(group memberships)72.33 E F1(/etc/motd)114.45 201.6 Q F0
(message of the day)75.49 E F1(/etc/master)114.45 213.6 Q(.passwd)-1 E
F0(passw)35.66 E(ord \214le; each account has a line)-.1 E F1(/etc/r)
114.45 225.6 Q(c.local)-.18 E F0
(local system restart script; runs reboot; starts daemons)66.51 E F1
(/etc/inetd.conf)114.45 237.6 Q F0(local internet serv)55.21 E(ers)-.15
E F1(/etc/hosts)114.45 249.6 Q F0(host name data base)76.04 E F1
(/etc/netw)114.45 261.6 Q(orks)-.1 E F0(netw)58.37 E(ork name data base)
-.1 E F1(/etc/netstart)114.45 273.6 Q F0
(Startup \214le to con\214gure netw)64.39 E(ork)-.1 E F1(/etc/ser)114.45
285.6 Q(vices)-.1 E F0(netw)64.49 E(ork services data base)-.1 E F1
(/etc/hosts.equi)114.45 297.6 Q(v)-.1 E F0
(hosts under same administrati)50.3 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ontrol).15 E
F1(/etc/syslog)114.45 309.6 Q(.conf)-.15 E F0
(error log con\214guration for)51.47 E F2(syslo)2.5 E(gd)-.1 E F0(\(8\))
1.666 E F1(/etc/ttys)114.45 321.6 Q F0(enables/disables ports)82.16 E F1
(/etc/cr)114.45 333.6 Q(ontab)-.18 E F0
(commands that are run periodically)64.56 E F1(/etc/aliases)114.45 345.6
Q F0(mail forw)69.93 E(arding and distrib)-.1 E(ution groups)-.2 E F1
(/usr/adm/acct)114.45 357.6 Q F0(ra)57.15 E 2.5(wp)-.15 G
(rocess account data)-2.5 E F1(/usr/adm/messages)114.45 369.6 Q F0
(system error log)35.48 E F1(/usr/adm/shutdo)114.45 381.6 Q(wnlog)-.1 E
F0(log of system reboots)20 E F1(/usr/adm/wtmp)114.45 393.6 Q F0
(login session accounting)49.92 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 44)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(APPENDIX A \255 KERNEL CONFIGURA)137.646 84 Q
(TION OPTIONS)-1.14 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(7.1. K)72 132 R(er)-.25
E(nel con\214guration options)-.15 E F0 .543(The 2.11BSD k)97 147.6 R
.543(ernel has a number of parameters and options that can be used to tailor the k)
-.1 F .542(ernel to)-.1 F .192(site speci\214c needs.)72 159.6 R .192
(This appendix lists the parameters and options used in the k)5.192 F
2.693(ernel. The)-.1 F .193(parameters ha)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .664
(numeric v)72 171.6 R .664(alues, usually table sizes.)-.25 F .664
(The options \215ags are either de\214ned or unde\214ned \(via the v)
5.664 F .663(alues YES)-.25 F(or NO respecti)72 183.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly).15 E(.\))-.65 E 2.869(Prototypes for all the follo)97 199.2 R 2.869
(wing options can be found in the generic k)-.25 F 2.87
(ernel con\214guration \214le)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(/sys/conf/GENERIC)72 211.2 Q F0 5.537(.T)C .537
(he process of con\214guring a ne)-5.537 F 3.036(wk)-.25 G .536
(ernel consists simply of cop)-3.136 F .536(ying the generic con-)-.1 F
.002(\214guration \214le to a ne)72 223.2 R 2.502<778c>-.25 G(le,)-2.502
E F3(SYSTEM)2.502 E F0 .002(and then editing the options in)2.502 F F3
(SYSTEM)2.502 E F0 .002(to re\215ect your needs.)2.502 F -1.1(Yo)5.003 G
2.503(uc)1.1 G(an)-2.503 E .8
(treat the items copied from GENERIC as a `)72 235.2 R .799
(`grocery list')-.74 F .799(', checking of)-.74 F 3.299(ft)-.25 G .799
(hose options you w)-3.299 F .799(ant, crossing)-.1 F
(out those you don')72 247.2 Q 2.5(ta)-.18 G
(nd setting numeric parameters to reasonable v)-2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F2
2.5(7.2. Con\214guring)72 271.2 R
(the number of mountable \214le systems \(NMOUNT\))2.5 E F0 .3
(Because of time constraints the)97 286.8 R F2(NMOUNT)2.801 E F0 .301
(constant w)2.801 F .301(as not mo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(di).15 G
.301(nto the k)-2.801 F .301(ernel con\214guration \214le)-.1 F .005
(where it belongs.)72 298.8 R F2(NMOUNT)5.005 E F0 .005(is used to con\214gure the number of mountable \214le systems in 2.11BSD.)
2.505 F(Since)5.005 E .099(each slot in the k)72 310.8 R .099
(ernel mount table tak)-.1 F .1(es up close to a half Kb of v)-.1 F .1
(aluable k)-.25 F .1(ernel data space, the distrib)-.1 F(ution)-.2 E -.1
(ke)72 322.8 S 1.187(rnel comes con\214gured with).1 F F2(NMOUNT)3.687 E
F0 1.187(set to 5.)3.687 F 1.187
(This is almost certainly too small for most sites and)6.187 F
(should be increased to the number of \214le systems you e)72 334.8 Q
(xpect to mount.)-.15 E F2(NMOUNT)97 350.4 Q F0 1.57(is de\214ned in)
4.07 F F3(/sys/h/par)4.07 E(am.h)-.15 E F0 6.57(.I)1.666 G 4.07(fy)-6.57
G 1.57(ou change its v)-4.07 F 1.571(alue, you must recompile the k)-.25
F(ernel)-.1 E(\(ob)72 362.4 Q(viously\) and the follo)-.15 E
(wing applications:)-.25 E F3(mount)2.5 E F0(,)1.666 E F3(quotaon)2.5 E
F0(,)1.666 E F3(edquota)2.5 E F0(,)1.666 E F3(umount)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)
1.666 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(df)2.5 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 2.5(7.3. GENERIC)72 386.4
R -.1(ke)2.5 G -.15(rn).1 G(el con\214guration).15 E F0
(All of the generic k)97 402 Q(ernels support the follo)-.1 E(wing de)
-.25 E(vices:)-.25 E(De)72 420 Q 134.03(vice Number)-.25 F(-)72 432 Q
139.315(RK06/07 2)72 444 R(MSCP \(RA\) Controllers)72 456 Q(2)81.255 E
(MSCP \(RA\) Disks)72 468 Q(3)103.475 E(RL01/02 Dri)72 480 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 114.165(s2).15 G(SMD \(XP\) Controllers)72 492 Q(1)87.375 E
(SMD \(XP\) Disks)72 504 Q(2)109.595 E(TE16, TU45, TU77 \(HT\) T)72 516
Q(ape dri)-.8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 28.885(s2).15 G(TM11 \(TM\) T)72 528 Q
(ape dri)-.8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 81.095(s2).15 G(TS11 \(TS\) T)72 540 Q
(ape dri)-.8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 87.755(s2).15 G(TK50 \(TMSCP\) T)72 552 Q
(ape dri)-.8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 64.975(s2).15 G .383(The generic k)97
573.6 R .383(ernel adapts automatically to the booted de)-.1 F 2.883
(vice. The)-.25 F .382('a' partition on the booted de)2.883 F(vice)-.25
E .937(is automatically made the root \214lesystem and the 'b' partition the sw)
72 585.6 R .937(ap area \(e)-.1 F .937(xcept for the RL02 which)-.15 F
1.368(uses the second dri)72 597.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.868(\). The).15 F
1.368(size of the sw)3.868 F 1.368
(ap partition is determined at run time, the k)-.1 F 1.367
(ernel queries the)-.1 F(dri)72 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.064(rf).15 G
.564(or the number of block in the 'b' partition.)-3.064 F F2(NO)5.564 E
(TE:)-.4 E F0 .565(If the sw)3.065 F .565
(ap partition is not labeled as being of)-.1 F(type)72 621.6 Q F3(swap)
2.5 E F0(the k)2.5 E(ernel will panic.)-.1 E F2 2.5(7.3.1. GENERIC)72
645.6 R -.1(ke)2.5 G -.15(rn).1 G(el con\214guration \214le).15 E F0
6.387(#M)97.833 661.2 S 2.226(ac)-6.386 G 2.776(hin)-.28 G 8.892(ec)-.83
G 1.666(on)-6.946 G -3.606 1.386(\214g u)-.28 H -5.006 2.781(ra t)1.115
H 2.776(io)1.105 G 8.052<6e8c>-1.11 G .835 3.056(le f)-5.556 H 1.665
2.501(or 2)-.555 H 2.916(.1).415 G .831(1B)-1.25 G 4.17 .276(SD d)-.28 H
-5.551 3.331(ist r i)2.5 H -2.656 1.466(bu t)-.555 H 1.94 1.946(ed k)
1.59 H 2.781(er)-.1 G -3.336 1.946(ne l)-.28 H(.)2.08 E(#)72.833 673.2 Q
8.052(#F)72.833 685.2 S 2.501(or)-6.816 G -.556 .556(ma t)-1.39 H(:)3.33
E 35(#n)72.833 697.2 S 11.67 .556(ame v)-33.054 H 3.056(al)1.14 G 42.754
1.946(ue co)-.28 H .284 -1.114(mm e)-1.67 H -4.721 2.776(nt s)3.06 H
7.222(#A)72.833 709.2 S 9.442(ni)-6.666 G 3.056(te)-5.556 G -2.216 1.111
(m' s)-2.5 H -2.836 1.696(va l)7.776 H .83 1.946(ue m)1.08 H 1.94 1.946
(ay be)-1.39 H -4.726 3.056(ei t)6.946 H -3.611 1.946(he r)-.28 H 1.666
(nu)7.221 G -.831 .556(me r)-1.39 H 3.056(ic)3.055 G -4.586 3.056(al ,)
-.83 H -3.056 1.666(boo l)6.526 H 2.226(ea)1.39 G 8.332(no)-.28 G 9.447
(ra)-5.831 G -5.551 3.331(st r i)-.28 H -3.056 1.666(ng ;)-.555 H .555
3.611(if i)8.886 H 3.611(t').275 G(s)-1.105 E 8.332(#b)72.833 721.2 S
-3.056 1.666(oo l)-6.666 H 2.226(ea)1.39 G 1.25 2.916(n, u)-.28 H 1.57
2.501(se ")-.695 H -1.671 .001(YE S)-1.485 H 8.792("o)1.845 G 9.627(r")
-6.291 G -.376 -.554(NO ")-8.611 H .835 2.776(to s)10.456 H 1.94 3.056
(et i)-.275 H 9.442(to).83 G 9.167(ru)-6.941 G -4.441 2.221(ns e)-7.501
H 10.552(ti).835 G -.135 4.026(t, r)-6.666 H 2.501(es)-1.245 G -4.166
1.946(pe c)-.28 H 3.886(ti)1.11 G -3.036 1.796(ve l)-1.36 H 8.106 2.266
(y. U).98 H 2.501(se)-1.155 G 1.39 1.666(27 O)238.838 768 T 3.056(ct)
-.83 G -3.886 1.666(ob e)-.28 H 9.167(r1)1.115 G 1.666(997)-7.501 G EP
%%Page: 45 45
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.501(In)73.668 48 S 3.331(st)-.28 G -4.726
3.056(al l i)-.275 H 2.78 1.666(ng a)-.28 H 1.39 1.666(nd O).28 H -3.611
1.946(pe r a)-1.11 H 3.886(ti)1.11 G 2.5 1.666(ng 2)-1.11 H 2.916(.1)
1.25 G .831(1B)-1.25 G 4.17 .276(SD o)-.28 H 9.442(nt)1.39 G 1.94 1.946
(he P)-6.666 H -.831 .276(DP -)-1.67 H 20.928 1.666(11 Se)2.225 H 2.776
(tu)1.39 G 2.916(p.2.1)-1.11 G 9.167(1-4)-1.25 G(5)-7.501 E 9.442(#t)
72.833 84 S 2.22 1.946(he de)-6.666 H 2.681(fa).835 G -4.166 2.776(ul t)
-.735 H -2.836 1.696(va l)6.666 H 2.5 1.946(ue an)1.08 H 9.442(dt)-.28 G
2.5 1.946(he co)-6.666 H .284 -1.114(mm e)-1.67 H -4.721 2.776(nt s)3.06
H -2.776 1.666(\214e l)5.831 H 8.612(da)1.11 G 9.997(si)-6.111 G -3.056
1.666(nd i)-7.221 H -3.896 2.226(ca t)1.39 H -4.446 2.501(or s).55 H
2.775 2.501(of t)6.386 H 3.33 1.946(he t).275 H -3.886 1.666(yp e).83 H
2.501(of)6.946 G 8.052<238c>72.833 96 S 3.056(el)-6.386 G 9.442(di)-.28
G 10.552(ti)-5.556 G 3.471(s.)-7.221 G 1.666
(#########################################)72.833 120 S 6.387(#M)72.833
132 S -1.421 -.679(AC H)-7.776 H 1.391(IN)2.07 G 6.667(ED)-1.39 G .831
(EPE)-6.666 G -1.391 -.554(ND E N T)-.83 H -1.491 -.644(PA R A)8.051 H
-.276 -.834(ME T E)-.745 H 39.124 .551(RS #)1.11 H 1.666
(#########################################)72.833 144 S 6.387(#M)72.833
168 S 2.226(ac)-6.386 G 2.776(hin)-.28 G 9.722(et)-.83 G -3.886 1.666
(yp e)-6.946 H 8.052(#S)72.833 180 S -4.166 2.776(pl i t)-6.666 H 3.611
(I/)7.501 G 7.502(Da)-1.945 G 2.5 1.666(nd h)-5.556 H 2.781(ar).28 G
-2.876 .556(dw a)-.28 H .27 2.781(re \215)2.225 H -3.336 1.946(oa t)
-1.395 H 2.776(in)1.94 G 8.332(gp)-1.11 G 1.67 2.776(oint a)-6.666 H
1.385 2.781(re re).005 H -3.056 1.666(qu i)-.835 H 2.781(re)1.945 G
2.916(d.)-.835 G(#)72.833 192 Q 9.167(#I)72.833 204 S -3.336 1.946(nc l)
-6.666 H -3.056 1.666(ud i ng).83 H -.001 -.554(UN I)5.556 H -1.466
-.379(BU S)2.22 H -1.666 .556(ma p)7.041 H 2.221(su)8.331 G -3.331 1.666
(ppo r)-.555 H 10.277(tf)1.945 G .275 2.501(or m)-7.776 H 2.226(ac)
-1.945 G 2.776(hin)-.28 G .275 2.501(es w)-.83 H 3.886(it)-.835 G -3.056
1.666(hou t)-1.11 H 7.502(aU)8.056 G -3.616 1.391(NI B)-8.056 H 3.89
.276(US w)-1.77 H -.83 3.886(ill n)1.39 H 1.67 2.776(ot c)-2.22 H -4.171
1.946(au s)-.55 H(e).555 E 8.612(#ak)72.833 216 S 2.781(er)-6.766 G
-3.336 1.946(ne l)-.28 H .28 2.776(to di)8.606 H 8.191 3.196(e. I).28 H
9.997(ts).415 G 1.386(im)-6.666 G 1.39 2.776(ply in)-1.11 H 3.056(cl)
-.83 G -3.886 1.666(ud e)-.28 H 9.167(sc).835 G -3.886 1.666(od e)-7.221
H .835 2.776(to s)8.056 H -3.331 1.666(uppo r)-.555 H 8.332(tU)1.945 G
-3.616 1.391(NI B)-8.886 H 3.61 .276(US m)-1.77 H 1.946(ap).28 G 2.776
(pin)-.28 G 9.442(gi)-1.11 G(f)-5.831 E 8.332(#p)72.833 228 S 2.781(re)
-5.831 G 2.501(se)-.28 G -4.026 2.776(nt .)-.555 H(#)72.833 240 Q 7.777
(#T)72.833 252 S 2.22 1.946(he de)-6.666 H -3.326 1.386(\214n e)-.28 H
-.001 -.554(UN I)6.116 H -1.466 -.379(BU S)2.22 H -.279(_M)1.765 G 6.11
.276(AP i)-1.11 H -.276 .276(mp l)1.11 H -1.666 .556(eme n)2.78 H -.275
3.331(ts k)2.22 H 2.781(er)-1.485 G -3.336 1.946(ne l)-.28 H 2.221(su)
8.051 G -3.331 1.666(ppo r)-.555 H 10.277(tf)1.945 G .555 2.501(or U)
-7.776 H -3.616 1.391(NI B)-3.055 H 3.61 .276(US m)-1.77 H 1.946(ap).28
G 1.946(ped)-.28 G 6.942(#m)72.833 264 S 2.226(ac)-6.386 G 2.776(hin)
-.28 G -4.031 2.501(es .)-.83 H .556(Ho)12.637 G -2.476 .836(we v)-.25 H
-4.711 2.781(er ,).96 H 8.612(ak)7.081 G 2.781(er)-6.766 G -3.336 1.946
(ne l)-.28 H 1.946(co)7.776 G -.276 .276(mp i)-1.67 H 3.056(le)3.61 G
7.222(dw)-1.11 G 3.886(it)-5.556 G 7.222(hU)-1.11 G -3.616 1.391(NI B)
-7.776 H -1.666 .276(US _)-1.77 H .554 -1.389(MA P)-.555 H -3.886 1.666
(do e)9.441 H 8.887(s*).835 G -3.056 1.666(no t *)-7.221 H 1.946(ha)
6.666 G 3.63 1.796(ve t)-.2 H(o).98 E 8.332(#b)72.833 276 S 9.447(er)
-6.386 G 2.5 1.666(un on)-6.946 H 7.502(aU)6.946 G -3.616 1.391(NI B)
-8.056 H 3.61 .276(US m)-1.77 H 2.226(ac).28 G 2.776(hin)-.28 G 6.801
3.196(e. T)-.83 H 2.22 1.946(he de)-2.085 H -3.326 1.386(\214n e)-.28 H
3.331(si)7.781 G -.276 .276(mp l y)-1.945 H 2.776(in)9.166 G 3.056(cl)
-.83 G -3.886 1.666(ud e)-.28 H 9.442(ss).835 G -3.331 1.666(uppo r)
-7.221 H 10.277(tf)1.945 G .555 2.501(or U)-7.776 H -3.616 1.391(NI B)
-3.055 H .276(US)-1.77 G 6.942(#m)72.833 288 S 1.946(ap)-6.386 G 2.776
(pin)-.28 G 9.442(gi)-1.11 G 10.277(ft)-5.831 G 2.22 1.946(he k)-7.501 H
2.781(er)-.1 G -3.336 1.946(ne l)-.28 H -3.606 1.386(\214n d)7.216 H
9.997(si).835 G 3.331(ts)-6.111 G -5.001 3.056(el f)-.83 H 2.78 1.666
(on a)6.111 H -1.386 .556(ma c)5.556 H 2.776(hin)1.39 G 7.502(ew)-.83 G
3.886(it)-5.836 G 7.222(hU)-1.11 G -3.616 1.391(NI B)-7.776 H 3.61 .276
(US m)-1.77 H 1.946(ap).28 G 2.776(pin)-.28 G 2.916(g.)-1.11 G -.001
-.554(UN I)71.723 300 T -1.466 -.379(BU S)2.22 H -.279(_M)1.765 G 10.664
.276(AP Y)-1.11 H 97.226 .831(ES #)-.275 H 2.776(in)8.611 G 3.056(cl)
-.83 G -3.886 1.666(ud e)-.28 H 2.221(su)7.501 G -3.331 1.666(ppo r)
-.555 H 10.277(tf)1.945 G .555 2.501(or U)-7.776 H -3.616 1.391(NI B)
-3.055 H 3.61 .276(US m)-1.77 H 1.946(ap).28 G 2.776(pin)-.28 G(g)-1.11
E 7.777(#T)72.833 324 S 2.22 1.946(he de)-6.666 H -3.326 1.386(\214n e)
-.28 H -1.946 .556(Q2 2)6.116 H -3.891 1.946(ha s)7.776 H -4.166 1.946
(be en)6.941 H 2.781(re)7.221 G -1.536 .276(mo v)-2.225 H -3.476 1.946
(ed .)1.52 H -2.776 1.111(Th e)13.747 H 2.781(refere)8.336 G -4.166
1.946(nc e)-.835 H 9.997(st).555 G 9.442(oi)-7.221 G 8.332(tw)-5.556 G
1.66 2.781(ere i)-7.496 H -3.891 1.946(nco r)-.005 H 2.781(re)1.39 G
3.056(ct)-.555 G 9.167(#\()72.833 336 S 4.026(i.)-5.556 G .69 3.196
(e. u)-.83 H 3.331(si)-.975 G 3.61 1.666(ng i)-.555 H 10.552(tt)2.22 G
8.332(od)-7.776 G -5.276 3.331(ist i)-5.556 H -3.056 1.666(ngu i)-.555 H
1.39 2.221(sh b)1.665 H 3.056(et)-.275 G -1.946 .836(we e)-1.39 H 8.612
(na)1.11 G 7.777(nE)-6.666 G -.276 .276(mu l)-8.056 H 1.405 1.796(ex C)
2.78 H -3.606 1.386(S0 2)-1.245 H 1.946(an)7.226 G 8.612(da)-.28 G -.836
-.554(DH 1)-1.11 H 1.665 2.501(1\) or)2.22 H 9.442(#i)72.833 348 S 1.946
(nap)-6.666 G 2.501(pro)-.28 G -3.891 2.501(pr i)-.835 H .835 3.056
(ate \().555 H 2.776(th).555 G 9.722(ei)-.83 G -4.726 2.501(f_ i)-6.111
H 4.026(l.)1.385 G 8.612(cd)-.83 G 3.611(ri)-6.111 G -3.311 1.796(ve r)
-1.085 H 2.221(sh)7.926 G -3.056 1.666(ou l d)-.555 H 1.946(ha)6.666 G
2.52 1.796(ve b)-.2 H 2.226(ee).15 G 8.612(nc)-.28 G -4.166 1.946(he ck)
-6.666 H 2.776(in).83 G 9.442(gi)-1.11 G 9.447(fa)-5.831 G -.836 .556
(Un i b)-1.945 H 2.221(us).91 G 6.387(#M)72.833 360 S .83 1.946(ap w)
-6.386 H 1.385 2.501(as pr)-1.21 H 2.501(ese).28 G 1.67 2.776(nt a)-.555
H 10.277(tr).28 G -3.056 1.666(un t)-7.776 H 1.386(im)2.22 G -4.311
2.781(e\) .)-.83 H -2.776 1.111(#L I)72.833 384 T 71.947 .001(NEHZ 5).28
H 68.334(0#)1.665 G 3.056(cl)-59.722 G 2.775 1.946(ock f)-.28 H 2.781
(re)1.39 G -3.886 1.666(qu e n c)-.835 H 7.777(yE).13 G 2.501(uro)-6.666
G -4.166 1.946(pe an)-.835 H 1.946(LI)72.278 396 S 38.613 .001(NEHZ 6)
-.555 H 108.334(0#)1.665 G 3.056(cl)-99.722 G 2.775 1.946(ock f)-.28 H
2.781(re)1.39 G -3.886 1.666(qu e n c)-.835 H 7.222(yU).13 G .276(SA)
-6.946 G 8.052(#P)72.833 420 S -.831 .276(DP -)-7.776 H 1.11 1.666(11 m)
2.225 H 2.226(ac)-1.11 G 2.776(hin)-.28 G 9.722(et)-.83 G -3.886 1.666
(yp e)-6.946 H 9.722(;a)1.39 G 3.886(ll)-6.666 G -2.376 .306(ow a)-1.11
H -4.996 2.776(bl e)1.64 H -2.836 1.696(va l)5.836 H -3.891 1.946(ue s)
1.08 H -.56 2.781(are G)7.221 H -2.226 .001(ENE R)-2.78 H -3.751 1.666
(IC ,)1.665 H -2.916 1.666(44 ,)7.916 H -2.916 1.666(70 ,)7.916 H -2.916
1.666(73 .)7.916 H -2.226 .001(GENE R)13.472 H 1.666(IC)1.665 G 8.887
(#s)72.833 432 S -3.056 1.666(hou l d)-6.666 H -3.056 1.666(on l y)6.666
H 2.22 1.946(be u)6.666 H 2.501(se).275 G 9.442(dt)-.555 G 8.332(ob)
-6.666 G -4.166 2.776(ui ld)-6.866 H 8.612(ad)5.836 G -5.551 3.331
(ist r i)-5.836 H -2.656 1.466(bu t)-.555 H 2.776(io)2.42 G 8.332(nk)
-1.11 G 2.781(er)-6.486 G -3.336 1.946(ne l)-.28 H 15.693(.T)2.08 G 2.22
1.946(he o)-14.582 H .28 2.776(nly u)-.28 H 1.11 2.501(se of)-.555 H
-4.721 2.776(thi s)7.776 H 8.332(#o)72.833 444 S -4.166 2.776(pt io)
-6.666 H 9.442(ni)-1.11 G 9.997(st)-6.111 G 8.887(os)-7.221 G 3.056(ele)
-6.386 G 1.94 3.056(ct t)-.83 H 2.22 1.946(he p)-.28 H 2.501(ro).555 G
-3.611 1.946(pe r)-.835 H 2.776(in)8.331 G -5.836 3.611(-l i)-.275 H
1.94 1.946(ne P)-.835 H 9.162(Si)-.84 G -3.611 2.221(ns t)-6.386 H 2.501
(ru)1.39 G -4.726 3.056(ct i)-.555 H -3.611 1.666(on s)-.28 H 3.336(\(r)
8.056 G 2.781(efere)-.555 G -4.166 1.946(nc e)-.835 H 9.997(st).555 G
9.442(ot)-7.221 G 1.946(he)-6.666 G 8.052(#P)72.833 456 S 5.28 -.834
(SW u)-6.946 H 1.945 2.501(se ')3.055 H -4.166 2.221(sp l).005 H .415
3.751(', ')1.39 H -2.221 1.111(mf p)-2.64 H 3.331(s/)1.11 G -2.496 1.386
(mt p)-1.945 H .555 3.056(s' o).835 H 10.002(r')-.555 G -1.536 .276
(mo v)-8.891 H 2.775 2.501(b' i)1.39 H -3.611 2.221(ns t).275 H 2.501
(ru)1.39 G -4.726 3.056(ct i)-.555 H -3.611 1.666(on s)-.28 H 1.946
(depen)7.221 G 2.776(din)-.28 G 8.332(go)-1.11 G 9.442(nt)-6.666 G 2.5
1.946(he cp)-6.666 H 9.442(ut)-.28 G -3.886 1.666(yp e)-6.666 H 3.751
(\).)1.115 G -1.666 .276(PDP 1)72.553 468 T 47.226(1G)1.39 G -2.226 .001
(ENE R)-47.225 H 68.337 1.666(IC #)1.665 H -4.721 2.776(di s t)6.666 H
3.611(ri).835 G -2.656 1.466(bu t)-.835 H 2.776(io)2.42 G 8.332(nk)-1.11
G 2.781(er)-6.486 G -3.336 1.946(ne l)-.28 H 1.386(#P)72.833 480 S
-1.666 .276(DP 1)-1.11 H 41.67(14)1.39 G 108.334(4#)-40.004 G -.831 .276
(PDP -)-100.282 H -3.056 1.666(11 / 44)2.225 H 1.386(#P)72.833 492 S
-1.666 .276(DP 1)-1.11 H 41.67(17)1.39 G 108.334(0#)-40.004 G -.831 .276
(PDP -)-100.282 H -3.056 1.666(11 / 70)2.225 H 2.916(,4)1.25 G 2.916
(5,5)-1.25 G 2.916(0,5)-1.25 G(5)-1.25 E 1.386(#P)72.833 504 S -1.666
.276(DP 1)-1.11 H 41.67(17)1.39 G 108.334(3#)-40.004 G -.831 .276(PDP -)
-100.282 H -3.056 1.666(11 / 73)2.225 H 2.916(,5)1.25 G 2.916(3,8)-1.25
G 2.916(3,9)-1.25 G 2.916(3,8)-1.25 G 2.916(4,9)-1.25 G(4)-1.25 E 1.666
(#########################################)72.833 528 S 7.222(#G)72.833
540 S -2.226 .001(ENE R)-7.221 H 4.995 .001(AL S)-.28 H -2.221 .276
(YS T).275 H 5.275 -.834(EM P).28 H -.279(ARA).19 G -.276 -.834(ME T E)
-1.11 H 58.722 .551(RS #)1.11 H 1.666
(#########################################)72.833 552 S 1.391(ID)73.668
576 S 44.169 .001(ENT GENE)-1.39 H 108.337 1.666(RIC #).275 H -1.386
.556(ma c)5.276 H 2.776(hin)1.39 G 8.612(en)-.83 G .556(ame)-6.666 G
-.276 -1.389(MA X U)70.888 588 T .831(SE)1.665 G 24.456 .551(RS 4)-.555
H 6.942(#m)114.449 G 1.946(ax)-6.386 G -4.441 2.221(us e)-.28 H .275
3.056(rs o).56 H 6.942(nm)-1.39 G 2.226(ac)-6.386 G 2.776(hin)-.28 G(e)
-.83 E 7.497(#B)72.833 612 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-7.776 H 5.83 .001(DEV i)
.555 H 9.997(st)3.33 G 3.33 1.946(he l)-7.221 H -4.726 3.056(et te)1.11
H 9.447(rc)-.275 G -.276 .276(omb i n)-7.501 H -4.726 3.056(at i)1.67 H
2.5 1.666(on d)-.28 H 1.946(en).28 G -4.166 2.776(ot in)-.28 H 9.442(gt)
-1.11 G 2.5 1.946(he au)-6.666 H 2.776(to).83 G -3.056 1.666(boo t)-1.11
H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996 2.776(vi c)-.25 H 3.196(e,)-.55 G 8.332(#o)
72.833 624 S 8.057(rN)-5.831 G -1.391 -.554(ON E)-8.611 H -.555 3.611
(if n)9.441 H 1.39 2.776(ot u)-1.945 H 3.331(si)-.555 G 3.61 1.666(ng t)
-.555 H 2.5 1.946(he au)1.11 H 2.776(to).83 G -3.056 1.666(boo t)-1.11 H
2.781(fe)8.611 G 3.056(at)-.555 G -4.721 2.501(ur e)-.28 H(.).695 E
-.279(BO)71.998 636 S -1.701 -.399(OT D E V)-.275 H -1.391 -.554(NON E)
73.583 H 8.332(#d)55.001 G -3.331 1.666(on ')-6.666 H 9.722(ta)1.765 G
2.776(uto)-7.776 G -3.056 1.666(boo t)-1.11 H .831(#B)72.833 648 S
-1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.126 .001(DEV d).555 H 89.17 1.666(vhp #)
1.665 H 1.391(DIV)5.556 G 6.387(AC)-3.295 G -.276 .276(omp /)-5.556 H
7.222(Vb)1.39 G -3.056 1.666(oo t)-5.556 H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996 2.776
(vi c)-.25 H(e)-.55 E .831(#B)72.833 660 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H
25.126 .001(DEV h).555 H 95.836 1.666(k6 #)1.665 H 2.501(rk)7.501 G 2.5
1.666(06 boo)-.835 H 9.442(td)1.11 G -3.116 1.696(ev i)-7.496 H 2.226
(ce)1.36 G .831(#B)72.833 672 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.126 .001
(DEV h).555 H 95.836 1.666(k7 #)1.665 H 2.501(rk)7.501 G 2.5 1.666
(07 boo)-.835 H 9.442(td)1.11 G -3.116 1.696(ev i)-7.496 H 2.226(ce)1.36
G .831(#B)72.833 684 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.961 .001(DEV r).555
H 108.614(a#)2.78 G -.831 -.559(MS C P)-102.227 H -3.056 1.666(boo t)
8.611 H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996 2.776(vi c)-.25 H(e)-.55 E .831(#B)
72.833 696 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.961 .001(DEV r).555 H 109.444
(l#)3.61 G 3.611(rl)-100.277 G -3.056 1.666(01 / 02)-.835 H -3.056 1.666
(boo t)6.666 H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996 2.776(vi c)-.25 H(e)-.55 E .831
(#B)72.833 708 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.961 .001(DEV r).555 H
106.944(m#)1.11 G 1.111(rm)-97.777 G -3.056 1.666(02 / 03 / 05)-.835 H
-3.056 1.666(boo t)6.666 H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996 2.776(vi c)-.25 H(e)
-.55 E .831(#B)72.833 720 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.126 .001(DEV b)
.555 H 109.169(r#)2.5 G -2.226 1.391(Ea t)-101.392 H 1.665 1.666(on B)
1.385 H -2.496 .831(R1 5 3 7)-1.67 H 1.941(/B)1.945 G -2.496 .831
(R1 7 1 1)-1.945 H -3.056 1.666(boo t)7.501 H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996
2.776(vi c)-.25 H(e)-.55 E 1.39 1.666(27 O)238.838 768 T 3.056(ct)-.83 G
-3.886 1.666(ob e)-.28 H 9.167(r1)1.115 G 1.666(997)-7.501 G EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -4.446 2.501(se t)73.388 48 T -2.916 1.666
(up . 2 . 11).275 H 9.167(-4)7.501 G 27.875(6I)-7.501 G -3.611 2.221
(ns t)-25.374 H -4.726 3.056(al l i).835 H 2.78 1.666(ng a)-.28 H 1.39
1.666(nd O).28 H -3.611 1.946(pe r a)-1.11 H 3.886(ti)1.11 G 2.5 1.666
(ng 2)-1.11 H 2.916(.1)1.25 G .831(1B)-1.25 G 4.17 .276(SD o)-.28 H
9.442(nt)1.39 G 1.94 1.946(he P)-6.666 H -.831 .276(DP -)-1.67 H 1.666
(11)2.225 G .831(#B)72.833 84 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.681 .001
(DEV s).555 H 1.946(c1)2.5 G 95.002(1#)-.28 G -1.666 -.279(Em u)-87.225
H 3.056(le)3.055 G 8.052(xS)-1.26 G -2.496 .831(C1 1)-7.501 H 1.115
1.941(/B b)1.945 H -3.056 1.666(oo t)-.275 H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996
2.776(vi c)-.25 H(e)-.55 E .831(#B)72.833 96 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H
25.681 .001(DEV s).555 H 1.946(c2)2.5 G 95.002(1#)-.28 G -1.666 -.279
(Em u)-87.225 H 3.056(le)3.055 G 8.052(xS)-1.26 G -2.496 .831(C2 1)
-7.501 H -3.056 1.666(boo t)7.501 H 1.946(de)7.776 G -4.996 2.776(vi c)
-.25 H(e)-.55 E .831(#B)72.833 108 S -1.791 -.554(OO T)-1.11 H 25.681
.001(DEV s).555 H 109.444(i#)3.33 G .28 3.331(si 9)-100.557 H 2.5 1.666
(500 boo)-1.665 H 9.442(td)1.11 G -3.116 1.696(ev i)-7.496 H 2.226(ce)
1.36 G 7.777(#T)72.833 132 S 1.386(im)-5.906 G 2.226(ez)-.83 G -3.886
1.666(on e)-.28 H 10.692(,i)1.53 G 6.942(nm)-7.916 G 2.776(in)-5.556 G
-4.996 2.776(ut e)-1.11 H 7.777(sw)-.275 G -4.171 2.501(es t)-6.941 H
.555 2.501(of G)6.941 H -.834(MT)-3.89 G -2.776 1.111(#T I)72.833 144 T
-.276 -.834(ME Z)-.555 H -1.391 -.554(ON E).835 H 95.836 1.666(300 #)
21.671 H .831(EST)6.111 G -2.776 1.111(#T I)72.833 156 T -.276 -.834
(ME Z)-.555 H -1.391 -.554(ON E).835 H 95.836 1.666(360 #)21.671 H
-2.771 .551(CS T)5.831 H -2.776 1.111(#T I)72.833 168 T -.276 -.834
(ME Z)-.555 H -1.391 -.554(ON E).835 H 95.836 1.666(420 #)21.671 H -.001
-.834(WS T)4.446 H 1.946(TI)72.278 180 S -.276 -.834(ME Z)-1.39 H -1.391
-.554(ON E).835 H 95.836 1.666(480 #)28.337 H 1.106(PS)6.386 G(T)-.275 E
-2.221 .276(DS T)71.723 192 T 115(1#)60.837 G -2.226 .836(Da y)-107.778
H 3.886(li)1.94 G -3.056 1.666(gh t)-1.11 H -4.086 1.666(Sa v)7.496 H
2.776(in)1.11 G 1.39 2.221(gs T)-1.11 H 1.386(im)-.35 G 9.447(e\()-.83 G
8.332(1o)-6.946 G 9.167(r0)-5.831 G(\))-6.666 E 8.052(#F)72.833 216 S
3.886(il)-5.556 G 2.501(es)-.83 G -3.611 2.221(ys t)-.28 H 3.61 .556
(em c).835 H 1.666(on)1.39 G -3.606 1.386(\214g u)-.28 H -5.006 2.781
(ra t)1.115 H 2.776(io)1.105 G(n)-1.11 E 7.497(#R)72.833 228 S -3.056
1.666(oo t d)-6.666 H -3.626 1.696(ev ,).28 H 1.111(sw)8.441 G 1.946(ap)
-.375 G 1.946(de)-.28 G 8.612(ve)-.25 G -5.416 3.056(tc .)-5.556 H 2.221
(sh)7.081 G -3.056 1.666(ou l d)-.555 H 3.33 1.946(be i)6.666 H 9.442
(nt).83 G 2.781(er)-6.386 G 4.725 .831(ms o)-1.67 H 7.777(fm)1.67 G
1.946(ak)-7.221 G 1.946(ede)-.1 G 8.936 2.266(v. F)-.25 H 1.945 2.501
(or e)-1.03 H 1.946(xa)-.705 G -.276 .276(mp l)-1.39 H 3.196(e,)2.78 G
9.442(#i)72.833 240 S 9.167(fy)-5.831 G 2.5 1.666(ou h)-7.501 H -4.196
1.746(av e).28 H 1.66 1.946(an S)7.146 H 7.5 -1.389(MD d)-2.505 H 3.611
(ri)3.89 G 2.52 1.796(ve u)-1.085 H 3.331(si).425 G 3.61 1.666(ng t)
-.555 H 2.22 1.946(he x)1.11 H 8.332(pd)-.28 G 3.611(ri)-5.831 G -3.311
1.796(ve r)-1.085 H 10.417(,r)1.555 G -3.056 1.666(oo t d)-7.916 H 1.33
1.696(ev w).28 H -3.056 1.666(ou l d)-1.24 H 2.22 1.946(be x)6.666 H
-3.886 1.666(p0 a)-.28 H(,)1.53 E 8.332(#o)72.833 252 S 9.627(r")-5.831
G -1.666 .556(ma k)-8.891 H 1.946(ede)1.29 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916
(0,0)-.835 G -5.046 2.961(\)" .)-.415 H -2.316 .276(Sw a)13.007 H -3.886
1.666(pd e)1.67 H 7.222(vw).03 G -3.056 1.666(ou l d)-6.766 H 3.33 1.946
(be t)6.666 H 2.22 1.946(he b).83 H -3.611 1.946(pa r)6.386 H 3.886
(titi)1.665 G -2.916 1.666(on ,)-1.11 H -2.916 1.666(xp0b ,)7.916 H
2.501(or)7.916 G 8.792(#")72.833 264 S -1.666 .556(ma k)-8.056 H 1.946
(ede)1.29 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916(0,1)-.835 G -5.046 2.961(\)" .)-.415
H -2.776 1.111(Th e)12.732 H 3.61 1.666(10 i)7.501 H 9.997(st)1.665 G
.83 1.946(he m)-7.221 H 3.056(aj)-1.39 G 1.665 2.501(or n)-.28 H -1.106
.276(umb e)-.835 H 9.167(ro)2.505 G 10.277(ft)-6.666 G 2.22 1.946(he de)
-7.501 H -4.996 2.776(vi c)-.25 H 9.447(e\()-.55 G 2.776(th)-5.836 G
8.612(eo)-.83 G 3.086(ff)-6.111 G -4.446 2.501(se t)-.03 H 9.442(#i)
72.833 276 S 9.442(nt)-6.666 G 2.22 1.946(he b)-6.666 H 1.946(de)-.28 G
2.221(vs)-.25 G 8.332(wt)-1.11 G -3.616 1.946(ab l)-5.276 H 9.722(ei)
1.11 G 8.612(nc)-6.946 G -3.331 1.666(on f)-6.666 H 3.196(.c)2.085 G
9.447(\)a)-.415 G 3.61 1.666(nd t)-7.501 H 2.22 1.946(he 0 an)1.11 H
-10.552 8.332(d1 a)-.28 H 1.66 2.781(re t)-5.551 H .83 1.946(he m)-.005
H 2.776(in)-.56 G 1.665 2.501(or n)-1.11 H -1.106 .276(umb e)-.835 H
3.056(rs)2.505 G 7.222(#w)72.833 288 S -4.996 2.776(hi c)-6.666 H 8.612
(hc)-.83 G -4.166 2.501(or r)-6.666 H 2.501(es).28 G 3.61 1.666(pond t)
-.28 H 9.442(ot)1.11 G 2.22 1.946(he pa)-6.666 H -5.836 3.611(rt i t i)
.835 H -3.611 1.666(on s)-.835 H 1.385 2.501(as d)7.501 H -4.721 2.501
(esc r)-.555 H 2.776(ib)1.11 G 3.05 1.946(ed i)-.83 H 9.442(nt).83 G
2.775 1.946(he s)-6.666 H -3.896 2.226(ec t).555 H 2.776(io)1.66 G 8.332
(n4)-1.11 G -1.666 .556(ma n)-1.39 H -3.336 1.946(ua l)1.11 H 8.332(#p)
72.833 300 S -3.891 1.946(age s)-6.386 H 15.138(.Y)1.525 G 2.78 1.666
(ou c)-15.682 H 2.22 1.946(an a).56 H 3.331(ls)1.11 G 8.332(og)-1.11 G
1.94 3.056(et t)-6.386 H .83 1.946(he m)-.28 H 3.056(aj)-1.39 G 1.665
2.501(or n)-.28 H -1.106 .276(umb e)-.835 H 1.11 3.056(rs f)2.505 H
2.501(ro).28 G 8.052(mt)-2.225 G .275 1.946(he M)-5.276 H -1.391 -.554
(AK E D E V)-3.335 H -4.721 2.501(sc r)8.331 H 2.5 2.776(ipt in)1.11 H
9.442(#/)72.833 312 S 1.946(de)-6.666 G 2.266(v.)-.25 G 2.221(PIP)72.553
324 S 70.002 .001(EDEV m)-1.39 H 1.946(ak).555 G 1.946(ede)-.1 G 2.501
(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916(0,0)-.835 G 76.193(\)#)-.415 G -1.666 .556(ma k)
-69.251 H 1.946(ede)1.29 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916(0,0)-.835 G 9.167
(\)x)-.415 G -3.886 1.666(p0 a)-7.501 H -1.696 -.679(RO O)71.998 336 T
70.802 .001(TDEV m).28 H 1.946(ak).555 G 1.946(ede)-.1 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25
G 2.916(0,0)-.835 G 76.193(\)#)-.415 G -1.666 .556(ma k)-69.251 H 1.946
(ede)1.29 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916(0,0)-.835 G 9.167(\)x)-.415 G -3.886
1.666(p0 a)-7.501 H -.834(SW)72.553 348 S .276(APD)-2.03 G 71.202 .001
(EV m)-.275 H 1.946(ak).555 G 1.946(ede)-.1 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916
(0,1)-.835 G 76.193(\)#)-.415 G -1.666 .556(ma k)-69.251 H 1.946(ede)
1.29 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916(0,1)-.835 G 9.167(\)x)-.415 G 1.666(p0b)
-7.501 G 7.222(#D)72.833 372 S -.281 -1.389(UM P)-7.776 H -1.696 -.679
(RO U)1.94 H 1.946(TI).68 G 6.385 .001(NE i)-.555 H -3.056 1.666(nd i)
2.775 H -3.896 2.226(ca t e)1.39 H 7.777(sw).275 G -4.996 2.776(hi c)
-7.221 H 8.332(hd)-.83 G 6.115 .276(ump r)-6.666 H -3.056 1.666(ou t)
2.225 H 2.776(in)2.22 G 9.167(es)-.83 G -3.056 1.666(hou l d)-6.946 H
2.22 1.946(be u)6.666 H 2.501(se).275 G 6.806 2.916(d. D)-.555 H -.281
-1.389(UM P)-3.47 H .001(DEV)1.665 G 8.887(#s)72.833 384 S -3.056 1.666
(hou l d)-6.666 H 3.33 1.946(be i)6.666 H 9.442(nt).83 G 2.781(er)-6.386
G 4.725 .831(ms o)-1.67 H 7.777(fm)1.67 G 1.946(ak)-7.221 G 1.946(ede)
-.1 G 10.051 2.266(v. I)-.25 H 8.057(fD)1.07 G -.281 -1.389(UM P)-8.611
H 5.83 .001(DEV i)1.665 H 7.777(sN)3.33 G -1.391 -.554(OD E V)-8.331 H
2.78 1.666(no a)7.776 H 2.776(uto).28 G -.556 .556(ma t)-2.5 H 3.056(ic)
3.33 G 8.332(#d)72.833 396 S -.831 .276(ump s)-6.666 H -1.946 1.666
(wi l l)7.501 H 3.33 1.946(be t)7.776 H 1.946(ak)1.11 G -3.476 1.946
(en ,)-.1 H 1.946(an)7.916 G 7.222(dD)-.28 G -.281 -1.389(UM P)-7.776 H
-1.696 -.679(RO U)1.94 H 1.946(TI).68 G 5.275 .001(NE n)-.555 H 2.226
(ee)1.945 G 3.055 2.221(ds t)-.28 H 8.332(ob).555 G 9.167(es)-6.386 G
1.94 3.056(et t)-6.666 H 8.792(o")-.28 G -3.056 1.666(nu l)-6.666 H
2.776(ld)2.22 G -3.766 1.696(ev ")-.83 H 2.776(to)8.206 G 9.167(#r)
72.833 408 S 2.501(es)-6.386 G 2.776(olv)-.28 G 9.722(et)-.98 G 3.055
1.946(he r)-6.946 H 2.781(efere).835 G -4.166 1.946(nc e)-.835 H 15.968
(.S)1.25 G 1.66 2.226(ee p)-14.302 H 2.781(ara)-.28 G -2.636 1.526(m. h)
-2.225 H 1.946(an)7.086 G 9.442(di)-.28 G 1.946(oco)-6.666 G -3.751
2.501(nf .)-.28 H 9.447(cf).695 G .275 2.501(or m)-6.946 H -4.721 2.501
(or e)-2.225 H 2.776(in)7.221 G 2.501(for)-.275 G -.556 .556(ma t)-1.39
H 2.776(io)3.33 G 2.916(n.)-1.11 G 7.222(#D)72.833 420 S -.281 -1.389
(UM P)-7.776 H 5.275 .001(LO s)2.22 H -3.056 1.666(hou l d)2.22 H 3.056
(le)7.776 G -4.196 1.746(av e)-.83 H 2.501(ro)7.701 G 4.725 .276(om f)
-.835 H 2.775 2.501(or t)2.225 H 2.22 1.946(he k).275 H 2.781(er)-.1 G
-3.336 1.946(ne l)-.28 H .835 2.776(to s)8.606 H 3.056(ta).555 G .275
3.611(rt s)-.275 H -2.026 .736(wa p)-2.5 H 2.776(pin).93 G 7.222(gw)
-1.11 G 3.886(it)-5.556 G -3.056 1.666(hou t)-1.11 H 8.332(#o)72.833 432
S -3.311 1.796(ve r)-6.816 H -1.671 1.391(wr i)-.405 H 3.886(ti)2.495 G
3.61 1.666(ng t)-1.11 H 2.22 1.946(he d)1.11 H -.136 .276(ump .)-.28 H
-.554(DU)71.723 444 S -.551 -.559(MP L)-.835 H 40.56(O5).56 G 95.836
1.666(12 #)-38.894 H 1.666(du)6.666 G 5.835 .276(mp s)-1.39 H 3.056(ta)
3.055 G 3.611(rt a)-.275 G -3.331 1.666(dd r)-1.665 H -4.726 2.501(es s)
1.115 H -.554(DU)71.723 456 S -1.106 -.559(MP D)-.835 H 70.282 .001
(EV N).56 H -1.391 -.554(OD E V)-.555 H 6.942(#m)87.78 G 1.946(ak)-6.386
G 1.946(ede)-.1 G 2.501(v\(1)-.25 G 2.916(0,1)-.835 G 9.167(\)x)-.415 G
1.666(p0b)-7.501 G -.554(DU)71.723 468 S -.831 -.559(MP R)-.835 H -1.391
-.554(OU T)-.12 H 1.391(IN)2.5 G 8.185(En)-1.39 G -4.166 2.776(ul ld)
-6.519 H 109.362 1.696(ev #)-.83 H 2.5 1.666(no du)6.636 H 6.115 .276
(mp r)-1.39 H -3.056 1.666(ou t)2.225 H 2.776(in)2.22 G 3.196(e.)-.83 G
.556(#D)72.833 480 S -.281 -1.389(UM P)-1.11 H -1.696 -.679(RO U)1.94 H
1.946(TI).68 G -.983 .001(NE h)-.555 H 1.666(kdu)1.665 G 78.618 .276
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2.225 H 2.776(in)2.22 G(e)-.83 E .556(#D)72.833 492 S -.281 -1.389(UM P)
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1.666(pdu)1.665 G 78.618 .276(mp #)-1.39 H 2.5 1.666(hp d)8.056 H 3.611
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72.833 504 S -.281 -1.389(UM P)-1.11 H -1.696 -.679(RO U)1.94 H 1.946
(TI).68 G -.148 .001(NE r)-.555 H 1.946(ad)2.78 G 78.618 .276(ump #)-.28
H .55 2.781(ra d)8.891 H 3.611(ri)-.28 G -3.311 1.796(ve r)-1.085 H
1.666(du)7.371 G 6.115 .276(mp r)-1.39 H -3.056 1.666(ou t)2.225 H 2.776
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(ld)3.61 G 78.618 .276(ump #)-1.11 H -.28 3.611(rl d)8.891 H 3.611(ri)
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72.833 528 S -.281 -1.389(UM P)-1.11 H -1.696 -.679(RO U)1.94 H 1.946
(TI).68 G -.148 .001(NE r)-.555 H -1.386 .276(md ump)1.11 H 9.167(#r)
81.394 G 6.942(md)-8.056 G 3.611(ri)-4.441 G -3.311 1.796(ve r)-1.085 H
1.666(du)7.371 G 6.115 .276(mp r)-1.39 H -3.056 1.666(ou t)2.225 H 2.776
(in)2.22 G(e)-.83 E .556(#D)72.833 540 S -.281 -1.389(UM P)-1.11 H
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(rd)2.5 G 78.618 .276(ump #)-.835 H 1.665 2.501(br dr)8.056 H 2.526(iv)
1.11 G 1.105 2.781(er d)-.73 H 6.115 .276(ump r)-1.115 H -3.056 1.666
(ou t)2.225 H 2.776(in)2.22 G(e)-.83 E .556(#D)72.833 552 S -.281 -1.389
(UM P)-1.11 H -1.696 -.679(RO U)1.94 H 1.946(TI).68 G -.428 .001(NE s)
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3.611(ri)-.83 G -3.311 1.796(ve r)-1.085 H 1.666(du)7.371 G 6.115 .276
(mp r)-1.39 H -3.056 1.666(ou t)2.225 H 2.776(in)2.22 G(e)-.83 E .556
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1.946(TI).68 G -.983 .001(NE x)-.555 H 1.666(pdu)1.665 G 78.618 .276
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-1.085 H 1.666(du)7.371 G 6.115 .276(mp r)-1.39 H -3.056 1.666(ou t)
2.225 H 2.776(in)2.22 G(e)-.83 E .556(#D)72.833 576 S -.281 -1.389(UM P)
-1.11 H -1.696 -.679(RO U)1.94 H 1.946(TI).68 G .127 .001(NE t)-.555 H
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H -.15(xe).15 G 2.708(ds).15 G .208(izes and geometries, for e)-2.708 F
.209(xample RK05 \(rk\), RK06/7 \(hk\) and RL02 \(rl\))-.15 F(dri)72
211.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.653(s. W).15 F .152(ith this type of disk the standalone disklabel program will generate a label with the correct geom-)
-.4 F .255(etry and 'a' partition size.)72 223.2 R -.4(Wi)5.255 G .255
(th MSCP \(').4 F .255
(ra'\) disks disklabel will query the controller for the information it)
-.5 F 3.314(needs. The)72 235.2 R .814
(last type of disk, SMD \(xp\), presents man)3.314 F 3.314(yp)-.15 G
.813(roblems, disklabel will attempt to determine the)-3.314 F(dri)72
247.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ype and geometry b).15 E(ut you will ha)-.2
E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.5(ov).15 G(erify the information.)-2.65 E .516
(Indented paragraphs lik)115.2 271.2 R 3.016(et)-.1 G .516
(his one are e)-3.016 F .516
(xplanatory comments and are not part of the output from)-.15 F .802
(the disklabel program.)115.2 283.2 R .802(In the case of MSCP dri)5.802
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.302(st).15 G .802(he number of c)-3.302 F .801
(ylinders may be 1 too lo)-.15 F -.65(w.)-.25 G
(This is discussed in the e)115.2 295.2 Q(xample belo)-.15 E -.65(w.)
-.25 G(BOO)72 319.2 Q(T>)-.4 E F2(MU 0)2.5 E F0
(73Boot from tms\(0,0,0\) at 0174500)72 343.2 Q(:)72 355.2 Q F2
(tms\(0,1\))2.5 E F0(Boot: bootde)72 367.2 Q(v=06001 bootcsr=0174500)
-.25 E(disklabel)72 379.2 Q(Disk?)72 391.2 Q F2(ra\(0,0\))2.5 E F0
(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)72 403.2 Q(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)-.1
E F2(D)2.5 E F0(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)72 415.2 Q
(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)-.1 E F2(d)2.5 E F0(type: MSCP)72
439.2 Q(disk: RD54)72 451.2 Q(\215ags:)72 463.2 Q(bytes/sector: 512)72
475.2 Q(sectors/track: 17)72 487.2 Q(tracks/c)72 499.2 Q(ylinder: 15)
-.15 E(sectors/c)72 511.2 Q(ylinder: 255)-.15 E -.15(cy)72 523.2 S
(linders: 1220).15 E(rpm: 3600)72 535.2 Q(dri)72 547.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(data: 0 0 0 0 0).15 E 2.5(1p)72 571.2 S(artitions:)-2.5 E 15(#s)72
583.2 S 5(ize of)-15 F 5(fset fstype [fsize)-.25 F(bsize])2.5 E
(a: 311200 0 2.11BSD 1024 1024)77 595.2 Q 2.5(#\()5 G(Cyl. 0 - 1220*\))
-2.5 E .621(The columns do not line up nicely under the headings due to limitations of the sprintf\(\) routine)
115.2 619.2 R .354(in the standalone I/O package.)115.2 631.2 R .353
(There is no capability to justify the output.)5.353 F .353
(It should be ob)5.353 F(vious)-.15 E .865
(which column belongs under which heading.)115.2 643.2 R .866
(The '*' says that the partition does not end on a)5.865 F -.15(cy)115.2
655.2 S .645(linder boundary).15 F 5.645(.T)-.65 G .645
(his is due to the peculiar w)-5.645 F .644
(ay in which MSCP returns the geometry infor)-.1 F(-)-.2 E 2.5
(mation: sectors/track)115.2 667.2 R 2.5(*t)2.5 G(racks/c)-2.5 E
(ylinder * c)-.15 E(ylinders != sectors per v)-.15 E(olume.)-.2 E
(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)72 691.2 Q(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)-.1
E F2(m)2.5 E F0(modify)72 703.2 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 715.2 Q
F2(m)2.5 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 51)172.84 E .305
(It is normally not necessary to change the geometry of an MSCP disk.)
115.2 84 R .306(On the other hand it will)5.306 F .974(almost al)115.2
96 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .974
(ys be necessary to specify the geometry of an SMD dri).1 F 1.274 -.15
(ve \()-.25 H .973(one which uses the XP).15 F(dri)115.2 108 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.109(r\). Since).15 F .609(the dri)3.109 F .909 -.15(ve b)-.25 H
.609(eing labeled is an MSCP dri).15 F .909 -.15(ve t)-.25 H .61(he ne)
.15 F .61(xt step is to set the pack label to)-.15 F
(something other than DEF)115.2 120 Q -.55(AU)-.74 G -1.4 -.92(LT .).55
H(modify misc)72 144 Q
(d\(isplay\) t\(ype\) n\(ame\) l\(able\) f\(lags\) r\(pm\) D\(ri)72 156
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(data\) q\(uit\)?).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)2.5 E F0
(label [DEF)72 168 Q -.55(AU)-.74 G -.92(LT).55 G(]:).92 E F1(TESTING)
2.5 E F0(modify misc)72 180 Q
(d\(isplay\) t\(ype\) n\(ame\) l\(able\) f\(lags\) r\(pm\) D\(ri)72 192
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(data\) q\(uit\)?).15 E F1(q)2.5 E F0(modify)72 204 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 216 Q F1
(p)2.5 E F0(modify partitions)72 228 Q
(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)72 240 Q F1(d)2.5 E F0
(type: MSCP)72 264 Q(disk: RD54)72 276 Q(\215ags:)72 288 Q
(bytes/sector: 512)72 300 Q(sectors/track: 17)72 312 Q(tracks/c)72 324 Q
(ylinder: 15)-.15 E(sectors/c)72 336 Q(ylinder: 255)-.15 E -.15(cy)72
348 S(linders: 1220).15 E(rpm: 3600)72 360 Q(dri)72 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(data: 0 0 0 0 0).15 E 2.5(1p)72 396 S(artitions:)-2.5 E 15(#s)72 408 S
5(ize of)-15 F 5(fset fstype [fsize)-.25 F(bsize])2.5 E
(a: 311200 0 2.11BSD 1024 1024)77 420 Q 2.5(#\()5 G(Cyl. 0 - 1220*\))
-2.5 E(modify partitions)72 444 Q
(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)72 456 Q F1(s)2.5 E F0 2.5
(abcdefghq)72 468 S(\(uit\)?)-2.5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(sizes and of)72 480 Q
(fsets may be gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
(ectors, c)-2.5 E(ylinders)-.15 E(or c)72 492 Q
(ylinders plus sectors: 6200, 32c, 19c10s respecti)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly).15 E(modify partition 'a')72 504 Q
(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 516 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(s)2.5 E F0
(\264a' size [311200]:)72 528 Q F1(15884)2.5 E F0
(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 540 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(q)2.5 E F0
(modify partitions)72 552 Q(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)
72 564 Q F1(s)2.5 E F0 2.5(abcdefghq)72 576 S(\(uit\)?)-2.5 E F1(b)2.5 E
F0(sizes and of)72 588 Q(fsets may be gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na)
.15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ectors, c)-2.5 E(ylinders)-.15 E(or c)72 600 Q
(ylinders plus sectors: 6200, 32c, 19c10s respecti)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly).15 E(modify partition 'b')72 612 Q
(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 624 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(o)2.5 E F0
(\264b' of)72 636 Q(fset [0]:)-.25 E F1(15884)2.5 E F0
(modify partition 'b')72 648 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 660
Q(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(s)2.5 E F0
(\264b' size [0]:)72 672 Q F1(16720)2.5 E F0(modify partition 'b')72 684
Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 696 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(t)2.5 E F0
(\264b' fstype [unused]:)72 708 Q F1(swap)2.5 E F0(modify partition 'b')
72 720 Q(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 52)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E
(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 84 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(q)2.5 E F0(modify partitions)72 96 Q
(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)72 108 Q F1(s)2.5 E F0 2.5
(abcdefghq)72 120 S(\(uit\)?)-2.5 E F1(c)2.5 E F0(sizes and of)72 132 Q
(fsets may be gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
(ectors, c)-2.5 E(ylinders)-.15 E(or c)72 144 Q
(ylinders plus sectors: 6200, 32c, 19c10s respecti)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly).15 E(modify partition 'c')72 156 Q
(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 168 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(o)2.5 E F0
(\264c' of)72 180 Q(fset [0]:)-.25 E F1(0)2.5 E F0
(modify partitions 'c')72 192 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72
204 Q(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(s)2.5 E F0
(\264c' size [0]:)72 216 Q F1(311200)2.5 E F0(modify partitions 'c')72
228 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 240 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(t)2.5 E F0
(\264c' fstype [unused]:)72 252 Q F1(unused)2.5 E F0
(modify partitions 'c')72 264 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72
276 Q(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(q)2.5 E F0
(modify partitions)72 288 Q(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)
72 300 Q F1(s)2.5 E F0 2.5(abcdefghq)72 312 S(\(uit\)?)-2.5 E F1(g)2.5 E
F0(sizes and of)72 324 Q(fsets may be gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na)
.15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ectors, c)-2.5 E(ylinders)-.15 E(or c)72 336 Q
(ylinders plus sectors: 6200, 32c, 19c10s respecti)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly).15 E(modify partition 'g')72 348 Q
(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 360 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(o)2.5 E F0
(\264g' of)72 372 Q(fset [0]:)-.25 E F1(32604)2.5 E F0
(modify partition 'g')72 384 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 396
Q(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(s)2.5 E F0
(\264g' size [0]:)72 408 Q F1(278596)2.5 E F0(modify partition 'g')72
420 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 432 Q
(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(t)2.5 E F0
(\264g' fstype [unused]:)72 444 Q F1(2.11BSD)2.5 E F0
(modify partition 'g')72 456 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 468
Q(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(q)2.5 E F0
(modify partitions)72 480 Q(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)
72 492 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(Number of partitions \(8 max\) [7]?)72 504 Q F1
(7)2.5 E F0(modify partitions)72 516 Q
(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)72 528 Q F1(q)2.5 E F0
(modify)72 540 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 552 Q F1
(d)2.5 E F0(type: MSCP)72 576 Q(disk: RD54)72 588 Q(label: TESTING)72
600 Q(\215ags:)72 612 Q(bytes/sector: 512)72 624 Q(sectors/track: 17)72
636 Q(tracks/c)72 648 Q(ylinder: 15)-.15 E(sectors/c)72 660 Q
(ylinder: 255)-.15 E -.15(cy)72 672 S(linders: 1220).15 E(rpm: 3600)72
684 Q(dri)72 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(data: 0 0 0 0 0).15 E 2.5(7p)72 720 S
(artitions:)-2.5 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 53)172.84 E 15(#s)72 84 S 5(ize of)-15 F 5
(fset fstype [fsize)-.25 F(bsize])2.5 E(a: 15884)77 96 Q 5(02)7.5 G
(.11BSD 1024 1024)-5 E 2.5(#\()5 G(Cyl. 0 - 62*\))-2.5 E
(b: 16720 15884 sw)77 108 Q 32.5(ap #)-.1 F(\(Cyl. 62*- 127*\))2.5 E
(c: 311200)77 120 Q 7.5(0u)5 G(nused 1024 1024)-7.5 E 2.5(#\()5 G
(Cyl. 0 - 1220*\))-2.5 E
(g: 278596 32604 2.11BSD 1024 1024 # \(Cyl. 127- 1220*\))77 132 Q
(modify)72 156 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 168 Q/F1
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(q)2.5 E F0
(On MSCP disks it is possible you will see a w)115.2 192 Q
(arning error lik)-.1 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(his:)-2.5 E(partition c: e)115.2
216 Q(xtends past end of unit 0 311200 311100)-.15 E(partition g: e)
115.2 228 Q(xtends past end of unit 32604 278596 311100)-.15 E .784
(This is not cause for panic.)115.2 252 R .783
(What this is saying is that the number of c)5.783 F .783
(ylinders is one too lo)-.15 F -.65(w.)-.25 G .396(MSCP de)115.2 264 R
.396(vices do not necessarily use all of the last c)-.25 F(ylinder)-.15
E 5.397(.T)-.55 G .397(he total number of blocks is pre-)-5.397 F .217
(cisely kno)115.2 276 R .217(wn for MSCP de)-.25 F 2.716(vices \(it)-.25
F .216(is returned in the act of bringing the dri)2.716 F .516 -.15
(ve o)-.25 H 2.716(nline\). Ho).15 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E
.293(the number of sectors on the v)115.2 288 R .294
(olume is not necessarily e)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .294(nly di).15 F .294
(visible by the number of sectors)-.25 F 1.581(per track \(311200 di)
115.2 300 R 1.581(vided by 17*15 gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.081(s1).15 G
4.081(220.392\). Basically)-4.081 F 1.581(the last c)4.081 F 1.58
(ylinder is not fully)-.15 F 2.5(used. What)115.2 312 R
(must be done is raise the number of c)2.5 E(ylinders by 1.)-.15 E F1
(NO)115.2 336 Q(TE:)-.4 E F0 -.15(Fo)2.858 G 2.858(ra).15 G .658 -.15
(ny o)-2.858 H .358(ther disk type it is cause for concern if the w).15
F .359(arning abo)-.1 F .659 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.859(si).15 G .359
(ssued \255 it means)-2.859 F 1.298
(that incorrect partition or geometry information w)115.2 348 R 1.297
(as entered by the user and needs to be cor)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(rected.)115.2
360 Q(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)72 384 Q(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)
-.1 E F1(m)2.5 E F0(modify)72 396 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 408 Q F1
(g)2.5 E F0(modify geometry)72 420 Q(d\(isplay\) s\(ector/trk\) t\(rk/c)
72 432 Q(yl\) c\(yl\) S\(ector/c)-.15 E(yl\) q\(uit\)?)-.15 E F1(c)2.5 E
F0 -.15(cy)72 444 S(linders [1220]:).15 E F1(1221)2.5 E F0
(modify geometry)72 456 Q(d\(isplay\) s\(ector/trk\) t\(rk/c)72 468 Q
(yl\) c\(yl\) S\(ector/c)-.15 E(yl\) q\(uit\)?)-.15 E F1(q)2.5 E F0
(modify)72 480 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 492 Q F1
(q)2.5 E F0(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)72 504 Q
(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)-.1 E F1(w)2.5 E F0
(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)72 516 Q(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)-.1 E
F1(q)2.5 E F0(73Boot from tms\(0,0,1\) at 0174500)72 540 Q(:)72 552 Q F1
(ra\(1,0,0\)unix)2.5 E F0(ra1 csr[00]:)72 564 Q F1(0172154)2.5 E F0 .485
(The last string entered sho)115.2 588 R .485(ws ho)-.25 F 2.985(wIb)
-.25 G .485(oot from an alternate controller)-2.985 F 5.485(.I)-.55 G
2.986(nn)-5.485 G .486(ormal use, i.e. with a)-2.986 F
(single MSCP controller)115.2 600 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he string w)-2.5 E
(ould simply be)-.1 E F1(ra\(0,0\)unix)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 2.5
(8.2. Standalone)72 624 R(disklabel pr)2.5 E(ogram)-.18 E F0 .072(The standalone disklabel program is the second \214le on a boot tape \(after the bootblocks and boot pro-)
97 639.6 R 3.324(gram\). It)72 651.6 R .824(is used to place an initial label on a disk describing the disk and its partitions.)
3.324 F .824(The program is)5.824 F .273
(also used when the root \('a'\) or sw)72 663.6 R .273
(ap \('b'\) partitions of a pre)-.1 F .272
(viously labeled system disk must be modi\214ed.)-.25 F .435
(The second use is mandated because the root and sw)72 675.6 R .435
(ap partitions can not be modi\214ed while the k)-.1 F .435(ernel has)
-.1 F(them open.)72 687.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(disklabel)97 703.2 Q
F0(ef)2.726 E(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .226
(ly runs in CBREAK mode \255 you do not need to hit the RETURN k).15 F
.525 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H .225(cept when).15 F 1.989(prompted for a multicharacter response such as a string \(the pack label\) or a number \(partition size\).)
72 715.2 R(Def)72 727.2 Q(aults are placed inside square brack)-.1 E
(ets \([def)-.1 E 5(ault]\). Entering)-.1 F(RETURN accepts the def)2.5 E
(ault.)-.1 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 54)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E .31
(The program is or)97 84 R -.05(ga)-.18 G .31(nized into se).05 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .309(ral le).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(disklabel)5.309 E F0 .309(prints the current le)2.809
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.809(lo).15 G .309(ut before prompting.)-2.809 F .388
(At each le)72 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.888(lt).15 G .388(here is al)-2.888
F -.1(wa)-.1 G .388(ys the choice of d\(isplaying\) the current label and q\(uit\)ing the current le)
.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(la).15 G(nd)-2.889 E .778
(returning to the pre)72 108 R .777(vious le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.277
(l. If).15 F .777(you are at the top le)3.277 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.277(la)
.15 G .777(nd enter)-3.277 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(q)3.277 E F0 .777
(the program will e)3.277 F .777(xit back to)-.15 F F2(Boot)3.277 E F0
.82(unless you ha)72 120 R 1.12 -.15(ve m)-.2 H .82
(ade changes to the disklabel.).15 F .82(In that case you will be ask)
5.82 F .82(ed if you wish to discard the)-.1 F .757
(changes, if you answer)72 132 R F2(y)3.257 E F0 .757
(the changes will be discarded.)3.257 F .756(If the answer is)5.757 F F2
(n)3.256 E F0(the)3.256 E F2(q)3.256 E F0 .756(is ignored and)3.256 F F1
(disklabel)3.256 E F0(does not e)72 144 Q(xit.)-.15 E 1.022
(In the follo)97 159.6 R 1.022(wing paragraphs the con)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.4 G 1.022(ntion is to).15 F F2(bold)3.522 E F0 1.023
(the user input while lea)3.523 F 1.023(ving the output from)-.2 F F1
(disklabel)72 171.6 Q F0 .31(in normal type.)2.81 F .31(The de)5.31 F
.309(vices used were a TK50 and an RD54, thus the tape de)-.25 F .309
(vice is)-.25 F F2(tms)2.809 E F0 .309(and the)2.809 F(disk de)72 183.6
Q(vice is)-.25 E F2(ra)2.5 E F0(.)A(The TK50 w)97 199.2 Q
(as booted resulting in the usual message from)-.1 E F2(Boot)2.5 E F0(:)
A(73Boot from tms\(0,0,0\) at 0174500)72 214.8 Q(:)72 226.8 Q F2
(tms\(0,1\))2.5 E 2.5(8.3. Disklabel)72 250.8 R 2.5<ad74>2.5 G
(our of the le)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.15 G(ls.).1 E F0(Boot: bootde)72 266.4 Q
(v=06001 bootcsr=0174500)-.25 E(disklabel)72 278.4 Q(Disk?)72 290.4 Q F2
(ra\(0,0\))2.5 E F0(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)72 302.4 Q
(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(write\) q\(uit\)?)-.1 E F2(m)2.5 E F0 1.116
(The 'D' option will request)115.2 326.4 R F1(disklabel)3.617 E F0 1.117
(to create a def)3.617 F 1.117(ault label based on what the program can)
-.1 F .227(determine about the dri)115.2 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.227
(.F).15 G .227(or some de)-5.377 F .227
(vices, such as RL01/02, RK06/07, MSCP \(RD54, RA81,)-.25 F(usw)115.2
350.4 Q(.\),)-.65 E F1(disklabel)3.743 E F0 1.243
(can determine what the dri)3.743 F 1.544 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.244
(ype is and ho).15 F 3.744(wm)-.25 G(an)-3.744 E 3.744(ys)-.15 G 1.244
(ectors it has.)-3.744 F -.15(Fo)6.244 G 3.744(ro).15 G(ther)-3.744 E
(de)115.2 362.4 Q .609(vices, such as SMD dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.109(ss).15 G .609(upported by the)-3.109 F F2(xp)3.109 E F0(dri)3.109
E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.409 -.4(r, t).15 H .608
(he task is complicated by the number).4 F .885(of dif)115.2 374.4 R
.885(ferent controllers and emulations supported.)-.25 F .886
(Some 3rd party controllers ha)5.885 F 1.186 -.15(ve c)-.2 H
(apabilities).15 E .469(that DEC controllers do not and the)115.2 386.4
R F2(xp)2.968 E F0 .468(has no w)2.968 F .468(ay of kno)-.1 F .468
(wing e)-.25 F .468(xactly which type of controller)-.15 F(is present.)
115.2 398.4 Q(In this case)5 E F1(disklabel)2.5 E F0(will)2.5 E F2
(guess)2.5 E F0(and then depend on you to enter the correct data.)2.5 E
(modify)72 422.4 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 434.4 Q
F2(g)2.5 E F0(modify geometry)72 446.4 Q
(d\(isplay\) s\(ector/trk\) t\(rk/c)72 458.4 Q(yl\) c\(yl\) S\(ector/c)
-.15 E(yl\) q\(uit\)?)-.15 E F2(q)2.5 E F0 .841(The Sector/c)115.2 482.4
R .841(yl entry is rarely used.)-.15 F F1(disklabel)5.841 E F0 .842
(will calculate this quantity for you from the sec-)3.341 F
(tor/trk and trk/c)115.2 494.4 Q(yl quantities.)-.15 E(modify)72 518.4 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 530.4 Q
F2(m)2.5 E F0
(d\(isplay\) t\(ype\) n\(ame\) l\(abel\) f\(lags\) r\(pm\) D\(ri)72
542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(data\) q\(quit\)?).15 E F2(f)2.5 E F0 -.8(Ty)
115.2 566.4 S(pe is one of: SMD, MSCP).8 E 2.5(,o)-1.11 G
(ld DEC, SCSI, ESDI, ST506, \215opp)-2.5 E -.65(y.)-.1 G .662
(Name is a string up to 16 characters in length.)115.2 590.4 R .662
(It is typically something lik)5.662 F(e)-.1 E F2(rd54)3.161 E F0(or)
3.161 E F2(rm03)3.161 E F0 -.2(bu)3.161 G(t).2 E(may be an)115.2 602.4 Q
2.5(ym)-.15 G(eaningful string.)-2.5 E .858(Label is an arbitrary string up to 16 characters in length \255 nothing in the system checks for or)
115.2 626.4 R(depends on the contents of the pack label string.)115.2
638.4 Q .883(Rpm is the rotational speed of the dri)115.2 662.4 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 5.883(.N).15 G .883
(othing in the system uses or depends on this at the)-5.883 F
(present time.)115.2 674.4 Q(Def)5 E(ault is 3600.)-.1 E(Dri)115.2 698.4
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(data consists of 5 longw).15 E(ords of arbitrary data.)
-.1 E(Reserv)5 E(ed for future use.)-.15 E(modify misc \215ags)72 722.4
Q(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 55)172.84 E
(d\(isplay\) c\(lear\) e\(cc\) b\(adsect\) r\(emo)72 84 Q -.25(va)-.15 G
(ble\) q\(uit\)?).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(q)2.5 E F0
(Ecc says that the controller/dri)115.2 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rc).15
G(an correct errors.)-2.5 E(Badsect indicates that the controller/dri)
115.2 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rs).15 G(upports bad sector replacement.)
-2.5 E(Remo)115.2 156 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(ble indicates that the dri).25 E
.3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ses remo).15 E -.25(va)-.15 G(ble media \(\215opp)
.25 E 1.3 -.65(y, R)-.1 H(L02, RA60 for e).65 E(xample\).)-.15 E
(modify misc)72 180 Q
(d\(isplay\) t\(type\) n\(ame\) l\(abel\) f\(lags\) r\(pm\) D\(ri)72 192
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(data\) q\(uit\)?).15 E F1(q)2.5 E F0(modify)72 204 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)72 216 Q F1
(p)2.5 E F0(modify partitions)72 228 Q
(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)72 240 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0
(Number of partitions \(8 max\) [7]?)72 252 Q F1(7)2.5 E F0 .608
(This is the highest partition number considered to be v)115.2 276 R
(alid.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(disklabel)5.609 E F0 .609
(will adjust this parameter)3.109 F .18(semi-automatically at the)115.2
288 R F1(p)2.68 E F0(le)2.68 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.68(lb).15 G .18
(ut it may be necessary to use)-2.88 F F1(n)2.68 E F0 .18
(in cases where some partitions)2.68 F(are not to be used or contain in)
115.2 300 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid information.).25 E(modify partitions)72
324 Q(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)72 336 Q F1(s)2.5 E F0
2.5(abcdefghq)72 348 S(\(uit\)?)-2.5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(sizes and of)72 360
Q(fsets may be gi)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(na).15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
(ectors, c)-2.5 E(ylinders)-.15 E(or c)72 372 Q(ylinders plus sectors:)
-.15 E(6200, 32c, 19c10 respecti)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
(modify partition 'a')72 384 Q(d\(isplay\) z\(ero\) t\(ype\) o\(f)72 396
Q(fset\) s\(ize\) f\(rag\) F\(size\) q\(uit\)?)-.25 E F1(q)2.5 E F0
(Zero clears the size and of)115.2 420 Q
(fset \214elds of a partition entry and sets the \214lesystem type to)
-.25 E F1(unused)2.5 E F0(.)A -.8(Ty)115.2 444 S .776
(pe is the \214lesystem type and of the possible choices only).8 F F1
(2.11BSD)3.277 E F0(,)A F1(swap)3.277 E F0(and)3.277 E F1(unused)3.277 E
F0(mak)3.277 E(e)-.1 E(an)115.2 456 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ense to specify)-2.5
E(.)-.65 E(Of)115.2 480 Q(fset is the number of sectors from the be)-.25
E(ginning of the disk at which the partition starts.)-.15 E
(Size is the number of sectors which the partition occupies.)115.2 504 Q
.641(Frag is the number of fragments a \214lesystem block can be brok)
115.2 528 R .64(en into.)-.1 F .64(It is not presently used)5.64 F
(and should be left at the def)115.2 540 Q(ault of 1.)-.1 E
(Fsize is the \214lesystem blocksize and should be left at the def)115.2
564 Q(ault of 1024.)-.1 E(modify partitions)115.2 588 Q
(d\(isplay\) n\(umber\) s\(elect\) q\(uit\)?)115.2 600 Q F1(q)2.5 E F0
(modify)115.2 612 Q
(d\(isplay\) g\(eometry\) m\(isc\) p\(artitions\) q\(uit\)?)115.2 624 Q
F1(q)2.5 E F0(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)115.2 636 Q
(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(write\) q\(uit\)?)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0
(Label changed.)115.2 648 Q(Discard changes [y/n]?)5 E F1(y)2.5 E F0
(73Boot from tms\(0,0,1\) at 0174500)115.2 684 Q(27 October 1997)254.395
768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 56)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(8.4. Disklabel)72 84 R 2.5<ad68>2.5 G
(elpful hints and tips.)-2.5 E F0 .351
(De\214ne only those partitions you actually will use.)97 99.6 R .351
(There is no need to set up all 8 partitions.)5.351 F(Dri)5.352 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E .774(less than 200Mb probably will only ha)72 111.6 R
1.073 -.15(ve 3 p)-.2 H .773(artitions de\214ned, 'a', 'b' and ').15 F
.773(d' for /, sw)-.5 F .773(ap and /usr respec-)-.1 F(ti)72 123.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.281(.R)-.65 G 1.281
(emember to set the number of partitions.)-6.281 F 1.281
(Disklabel will attempt to do this for you by k)6.281 F(eeping)-.1 E
(track of the highest partition you modify b)72 135.6 Q
(ut this is not foolproof.)-.2 E .154(Do not de\214ne o)97 151.2 R -.15
(ve)-.15 G .153
(rlapping partitions unless you are sure what you are doing.).15 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(disklabel)5.153 E F0 .153(will w)2.653 F .153
(arn you)-.1 F(of o)72 163.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rlapping partitions b).15
E(ut will not prohibit you from writing such a label to disk.)-.2 E .184
(Remember that the prompt le)97 178.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .184(ls nest in)
.15 F F2(disklabel)2.685 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(tw)-5.185 G .185
(ill be necessary in se)-2.685 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .185
(ral cases to enter mul-).15 F(tiple)72 190.8 Q F1(q)2.5 E F0
(commands to get back to the top le)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1
(IMPOR)97 206.4 Q -.9(TA)-.4 G(NT).9 E(:)-.74 E F0 -.25(Ke)2.649 G .149
(ep at least 1, preferably more,).25 F .149(bootable tape or \215opp)
5.149 F 2.648(yw)-.1 G(ith)-2.648 E F2(disklabel)2.648 E F0 .148
(on it present)2.648 F .894(at all times.)72 218.4 R .895
(If the label on a disk e)5.894 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.395(rb).15 G .895
(ecomes corrupted the k)-3.395 F .895(ernel will be v)-.1 F .895
(ery unhapp)-.15 F 3.395(ya)-.1 G .895(nd probably)-3.395 F -.1(wo)72
230.4 S(n').1 E 2.599(tb)-.18 G 2.599(oot. If)-2.599 F .098
(this happens you will need to boot the standalone)2.599 F F2(disklabel)
2.598 E F0 .098(program and relabel the disk.)2.598 F(At)5.098 E .093
(least 2.11BSD pro)72 242.4 R .094(vides a standalone)-.15 F F2
(disklabel)2.594 E F0 2.594<ad70>2.594 G(re)-2.594 E .094
(vious 4BSD systems which implemented disklabels did)-.25 F
(not and the cold-start of those systems w)72 254.4 Q
(as painful indeed.)-.1 E F1(IMPOR)97 270 Q -.9(TA)-.4 G(NT).9 E(:)-.74
E F0 .083(Write do)2.583 F .083(wn in at least one place, and k)-.25 F
.082(eep with the tape/\215opp)-.1 F 2.582(ym)-.1 G .082(entioned abo)
-2.582 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.582(,t).15 G(he)-2.582 E .337
(geometry and partition layout you assign to the disk.)72 282 R(The)
5.338 E F2 -.834(disklabel \(8\))2.838 F(pr)2.838 E -.1(og)-.45 G -.15
(ra).1 G 2.838(ms).15 G .338(hould be used to pr)-2.838 F(oduce)-.45 E
2.5(ah)72 294 S(ar)-2.5 E(dcopy of the disklabel.)-.37 E F0
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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