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If square roots are too high try changing % the lines describing /radical and /radicalex to, % % /radical [0 -75 550 0] % /radicalex [-50 -75 500 0] % % Move braceleftbt a bit - default PostScript character is off a bit. % /Sdefs [ /bracketlefttp [201 500] /bracketleftbt [201 500] /bracketrighttp [-81 380] /bracketrightbt [-83 380] /braceleftbt [203 490] /bracketrightex [220 -125 500 0] /radical [0 0 550 0] /radicalex [-50 0 500 0] /parenleftex [-20 -170 0 0] /integral [100 -50 500 0] /infinity [10 -75 730 0] ] def /S1defs [ /underscore [0 80 500 0] /endash [7 90 650 0] ] def % % Tries to round clipping path dimensions, as stored in array pagebbox, so they % match one of the known sizes in the papersizes array. Lower left coordinates % are always set to 0. % /roundpagebbox { 7 dict begin /papersizes [8.5 inch 11 inch 14 inch 17 inch] def /mappapersize { /val exch def /slop .5 inch def /diff slop def /j 0 def 0 1 papersizes length 1 sub { /i exch def papersizes i get val sub abs dup diff le {/diff exch def /j i def} {pop} ifelse } for diff slop lt {papersizes j get} {val} ifelse } def pagebbox 0 0 put pagebbox 1 0 put pagebbox dup 2 get mappapersize 2 exch put pagebbox dup 3 get mappapersize 3 exch put end } bind def %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup mark /resolution 720 def setup 2 setdecoding %%EndSetup %%Page: 1 1 /saveobj save def mark 1 pagesetup 10 PA f (AT&T Bell Laboratories)2 1053 1 2353 1750 t (Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974)4 1367 1 2196 1880 t (Computing Science Technical Report No. 122)5 1996 1 1882 3190 t 12 PB f ( Manual)1 456( User)1 314(CHEM \320 A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams:)7 3168 3 911 3470 t 10 PI f (Jon L. Bentley)2 570 1 2595 3710 t (Lynn W. Jelinski)2 682 1 2539 3830 t (Brian W. Kernighan)2 826 1 2467 3950 t 10 PA f (October 6, 1992)2 679 1 720 6240 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 1 1 %%Page: 0 2 /saveobj save def mark 2 pagesetup 12 PB f ( Manual)1 456( User)1 314(CHEM \320 A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams:)7 3168 3 911 1230 t 10 PI f (Jon L. Bentley)2 570 1 2595 1490 t (Lynn W. Jelinski)2 682 1 2539 1620 t (Brian W. Kernighan)2 826 1 2467 1750 t 10 PA f (AT&T Bell Laboratories)2 1053 1 2353 1945 t (Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974)4 1367 1 2196 2075 t 10 PI f (ABSTRACT)2621 2605 w (chem)1330 2875 w 10 PA f (is a)1 150 1 1567 2875 t 10 PI f (troff)1746 2875 w 10 PA f (preprocessor like)1 766 1 1955 2875 t 10 PI f (eqn)2751 2875 w 10 PA f (or)2922 2875 w 10 PI f (tbl)3047 2875 w 10 PA f (, for producing chemical structure)4 1526 1 3154 2875 t (diagrams like this one:)3 1001 1 1080 3005 t cleartomark saveobj restore %%BeginGlobal % % Version 3.3.1 drawing procedures for dpost. Automatically pulled in when % needed. % /inpath false def /savematrix matrix def /Dl { inpath {pop pop neg lineto} {newpath neg moveto neg lineto stroke} ifelse } bind def /De { /y1 exch 2 div def /x1 exch 2 div def /savematrix savematrix currentmatrix def neg exch x1 add exch translate x1 y1 scale 0 0 1 0 360 inpath {1 0 moveto arc savematrix setmatrix} {newpath arc savematrix setmatrix stroke} ifelse } bind def /Da { /dy2 exch def /dx2 exch def /dy1 exch def /dx1 exch def dy1 add neg exch dx1 add exch dx1 dx1 mul dy1 dy1 mul add sqrt dy1 dx1 neg atan dy2 neg dx2 atan inpath {arc} {newpath arc stroke} ifelse } bind def /DA { /dy2 exch def /dx2 exch def /dy1 exch def /dx1 exch def dy1 add neg exch dx1 add exch dx1 dx1 mul dy1 dy1 mul add sqrt dy1 dx1 neg atan dy2 neg dx2 atan inpath {arcn} {newpath arcn stroke} ifelse } bind def /Ds { /y2 exch def /x2 exch def /y1 exch def /x1 exch def /y0 exch def /x0 exch def x0 5 x1 mul add 6 div y0 5 y1 mul add -6 div x2 5 x1 mul add 6 div y2 5 y1 mul add -6 div x1 x2 add 2 div y1 y2 add -2 div inpath {curveto} {newpath x0 x1 add 2 div y0 y1 add -2 div moveto curveto stroke} ifelse } bind def %%EndGlobal /saveobj save def mark 10 PA f 2444 4633 2552 4446 Dl 2228 4633 2444 4633 Dl 2120 4446 2228 4633 Dl 2228 4259 2120 4446 Dl 2444 4259 2228 4259 Dl 2552 4446 2444 4259 Dl 2228 4446 216 216 De 2552 4446 2444 4633 Dl 2768 4446 2552 4446 Dl 2768 4820 2768 4446 Dl 2741 4773 2741 4493 Dl 2610 4820 2768 4820 Dl (N)2511 4851 w 2444 4634 2523 4771 Dl (H)2511 4966 w 2768 4446 2876 4259 Dl 2552 4446 2768 4446 Dl 2444 4259 2552 4446 Dl 2552 4072 2444 4259 Dl 2768 4072 2552 4072 Dl 2876 4259 2768 4072 Dl 2768 4072 2912 4054 Dl 2768 4071 2912 4056 Dl 2768 4071 2912 4059 Dl 2768 4072 2912 4062 Dl 2768 4071 2912 4064 Dl 2768 4072 2912 4067 Dl 2768 4071 2913 4069 Dl 2768 4072 2913 4072 Dl 2768 4072 2913 4074 Dl 2768 4072 2912 4077 Dl 2768 4073 2912 4080 Dl 2768 4072 2912 4082 Dl 2768 4073 2912 4085 Dl 2768 4072 2912 4087 Dl 2768 4072 2912 4090 Dl 2912 4072 2768 4072 Dl (H)2914 4103 w (N)2835 3916 w 2768 4072 2847 3935 Dl 2552 4072 2768 4072 Dl 2444 3885 2552 4072 Dl 2476 3885 2568 4044 Dl 2552 3698 2444 3885 Dl 2768 3698 2552 3698 Dl 2847 3835 2768 3698 Dl 3063 3885 2919 3885 Dl (CH)3077 3916 w 7 PA f (3)3231 3951 w 10 PA f 2542 3677 2528 3702 Dl 2527 3667 2513 3692 Dl 2512 3659 2498 3684 Dl 2496 3649 2482 3674 Dl 2481 3641 2467 3666 Dl 2465 3631 2451 3656 Dl 2449 3623 2435 3648 Dl (H)2355 3616 w 2552 3554 2552 3698 Dl (C)2517 3527 w 2537 3295 2537 3439 Dl 2566 3295 2566 3439 Dl (O)2513 3268 w 2739 3496 2595 3496 Dl (N)2741 3527 w 2913 3354 2812 3455 Dl (C)2919 3344 w 7 PA f (2)2990 3379 w 10 PA f (H)3025 3344 w 7 PA f (5)3108 3379 w 10 PA f 2913 3638 2812 3537 Dl (C)2919 3711 w 7 PA f (2)2990 3746 w 10 PA f (H)3025 3711 w 7 PA f (5)3108 3746 w 10 PI f (chem)1080 5207 w 10 PA f ( structure diagrams in)3 984(is intended to make it possible for chemists to include)9 2382 2 1314 5207 t ( tables or mathemat-)3 932(their manuscripts with the same ease that they can include)9 2668 2 1080 5337 t (ics.)1080 5467 w 10 PI f (chem)1294 5467 w 10 PA f (has provisions for rings, heterocycles, adjustable bond lengths and)8 3129 1 1551 5467 t ( can be used for papers and for viewgraphs.)8 1938( It)1 117(angles, and stereochemistry.)2 1256 3 1080 5597 t (October 6, 1992)2 679 1 720 6117 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 0 2 %%Page: 1 3 /saveobj save def mark 3 pagesetup 12 PB f ( Manual)1 456( User)1 314(CHEM \320 A Program for Typesetting Chemical Diagrams:)7 3168 3 911 1230 t 10 PI f (Jon L. Bentley)2 570 1 2595 1490 t (Lynn W. Jelinski)2 682 1 2539 1620 t (Brian W. Kernighan)2 826 1 2467 1750 t 10 PA f (AT&T Bell Laboratories)2 1053 1 2353 1945 t (Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974)4 1367 1 2196 2075 t 10 PB f ( is)1 102(1. What)1 369 2 720 2465 t 10 PX f (chem)1216 2465 w 10 PA f (?)1443 2465 w 10 PI f (chem)970 2631 w 10 PA f (is a)1 150 1 1207 2631 t 10 PI f (troff)1386 2631 w 10 PA f (preprocessor like)1 766 1 1595 2631 t 10 PI f (eqn)2391 2631 w 10 PA f (or)2562 2631 w 10 PI f (tbl)2687 2631 w 10 PA f (or)2824 2631 w 10 PI f (pic)2949 2631 w 10 PA f (, for producing chemical structure diagrams)5 1972 1 3068 2631 t ( it attempts to cap-)4 836( is intended as a natural language for chemists;)8 2105( It)1 121(like the ones in this manual.)5 1258 4 720 2761 t ( colleague over the telephone.)4 1363(ture the way that a chemist might describe a molecule to a)11 2680 2 720 2891 t 10 PI f (chem)4824 2891 w 10 PA f ( a sequence of commands in the)6 1464(converts the textual description of a structure diagram into)8 2694 2 720 3021 t 10 PI f (pic)4913 3021 w 10 PA f (graphics language, and these in turn are converted into commands for the)11 3271 1 720 3151 t 10 PI f (troff)4016 3151 w 10 PA f (formatter.)4221 3151 w 10 PI f (chem)970 3317 w 10 PA f ( doesn't do)2 511(is still experimental: it is slow, error checking is minimal, and it certainly)12 3317 2 1212 3317 t ( struc-)1 283( now it is best suited for producing viewgraphs and publication-quality)10 3230(everything. Right)1 807 3 720 3447 t (tures of organic and bio-organic molecules.)5 1909 1 720 3577 t 10 PB f ( to Input Structure Descriptions)4 1446(2. How)1 347 2 720 3837 t 10 PA f (The commands that tell)3 1041 1 970 4003 t 10 PI f (chem)2037 4003 w 10 PA f (how to draw a chemical structure can be embedded in the text)11 2761 1 2279 4003 t ( either case, the commands must be surrounded by)8 2316( In)1 150( stand alone.)2 575(of a manuscript, or they can)5 1279 4 720 4133 t 10 CW f (.cstart)720 4263 w 10 PA f (and)1174 4263 w 10 CW f (.cend)1377 4263 w 10 PA f (, with the ``)3 525 1 1677 4263 t 10 CW f (.)2202 4263 w 10 PA f ( the use of)3 482( is analogous to)3 716( \(This)1 282('' always in the first column.)5 1298 4 2262 4263 t 10 CW f (.EQ)720 4393 w 10 PA f (and)925 4393 w 10 CW f (.EN)1119 4393 w 10 PA f (for equations or)2 704 1 1324 4393 t 10 CW f (.TS)2053 4393 w 10 PA f (and)2258 4393 w 10 CW f (.TE)2452 4393 w 10 PA f ( example:)1 425( For)1 201(for tables.\))1 468 3 2657 4393 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 4563 w (CH3)1350 4673 w (bond)1350 4783 w (CH2)1350 4893 w (bond)1350 5003 w (.cend)1134 5113 w 10 PA f (will draw the ethyl group)4 1138 1 720 5303 t (CH)2534 5566 w 7 PA f (3)2688 5601 w 10 PA f 2880 5535 2736 5535 Dl (CH)2894 5566 w 7 PA f (2)3048 5601 w 10 PA f 3240 5535 3096 5535 Dl (and)720 5807 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 5977 w (benzene)1350 6087 w (.cend)1134 6197 w 10 PA f (draws a benzene ring:)3 974 1 720 6387 t 3067 6670 2880 6562 Dl 3067 6886 3067 6670 Dl 2880 6994 3067 6886 Dl 2693 6886 2880 6994 Dl 2693 6670 2693 6886 Dl 2880 6562 2693 6670 Dl 2772 6778 216 216 De (Whatever is between)2 943 1 720 7208 t 10 CW f (.cstart)1696 7208 w 10 PA f (and)2149 7208 w 10 CW f (.cend)2351 7208 w 10 PA f (is converted into)2 755 1 2684 7208 t 10 PI f (pic)3473 7208 w 10 PA f (commands by)1 631 1 3626 7208 t 10 PI f (chem)4291 7208 w 10 PA f (; everything)1 541 1 4499 7208 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 1 3 %%Page: 2 4 /saveobj save def mark 4 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 2 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t (else is passed along untouched.)4 1391 1 720 850 t ( is helpful to include comments among the commands that specify the struc-)12 3490(Sometimes it)1 580 2 970 1016 t ( comment begins with a)4 1067( A)1 132(ture, especially when describing complex molecules.)5 2339 3 720 1146 t 10 CW f (#)4286 1146 w 10 PA f (; any characters)2 694 1 4346 1146 t ( example:)1 425( For)1 201(from there to the end of the line are thrown away.)10 2207 3 720 1276 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 1446 w ( a rotated benzene ring)4 1242( #)1 324(benzene pointing right)2 1188 3 1350 1556 t (.cend)1134 1666 w 10 PA f (produces the following diagram:)3 1450 1 720 1856 t 2988 2405 3096 2218 Dl 2772 2405 2988 2405 Dl 2664 2218 2772 2405 Dl 2772 2031 2664 2218 Dl 2988 2031 2772 2031 Dl 3096 2218 2988 2031 Dl 2772 2218 216 216 De 10 PB f ( to Get Output)3 662(3. How)1 347 2 720 2749 t 10 PA f ( \256le that contains a)4 867(Once you've created a)3 1005 2 970 2915 t 10 PI f (chem)2876 2915 w 10 PA f (description, it must be converted into)5 1700 1 3126 2915 t 10 PI f (troff)4860 2915 w 10 PA f ( do this, you must run your \256le through)8 1764(output. To)1 492 2 720 3045 t 10 PI f (chem)3001 3045 w 10 PA f (,)3209 3045 w 10 PI f (pic)3259 3045 w 10 PA f (,)3378 3045 w 10 PI f (troff)3428 3045 w 10 PA f (and an output \256lter.)3 889 1 3625 3045 t ( to)1 118( you are only doing a single diagram, there's no need)10 2392( If)1 121(Let's take the simplest case \256rst.)5 1439 4 970 3211 t (use a macro package, so you should type the command line:)10 2658 1 720 3341 t 9 CW f (chem filename | pic | troff >filename.out)6 2214 1 1080 3511 t 10 CW f (filename.out)720 3701 w 10 PA f ( number of ways that you can see the)8 1706( are a)2 252( There)1 312(then contains your structure.)3 1298 4 1472 3701 t ( can get Imagen output by typing:)6 1502(results. You)1 551 2 720 3831 t 9 CW f (dcan filename.out)1 918 1 1080 4001 t 10 PA f (For APS-5 typesetter output:)3 1267 1 720 4191 t 9 CW f (apsend filename.out)1 1026 1 1080 4361 t 10 PA f (With a Blit, running)3 881 1 720 4551 t 10 PI f (mux)1626 4551 w 10 PA f (or)1835 4551 w 10 PI f (layers)1955 4551 w 10 PA f (:)2194 4551 w 9 CW f (proof filename.out)1 972 1 1080 4721 t 10 PA f (With an AT&T PC 6300 using PC-PLOT \(4014 emulation\):)8 2548 1 720 4911 t 9 CW f (tc filename.out)1 810 1 1080 5081 t 10 PA f ( poly\(benzyl glutamic acid\), printed \256rst on a typesetter,)8 2542(Here is a fairly complex structure,)5 1528 2 970 5307 t ( can see that)3 539( You)1 232(then on the various lower-quality previewers.)5 2026 3 720 5437 t 10 PI f (tc)3542 5437 w 10 PA f (is only marginally satisfactory.)3 1361 1 3641 5437 t 2276 6600 2204 6600 Dl 2276 6384 2276 6600 Dl 2348 6384 2276 6384 Dl 2276 6816 2276 6600 Dl 2348 6816 2276 6816 Dl 2348 6600 2276 6600 Dl (NH)2351 6631 w 2664 6600 2520 6600 Dl (CH)2674 6631 w 10 S f (a)2720 6735 w 2981 6600 2837 6600 Dl 10 PA f (C)2989 6631 w 3010 6398 3010 6542 Dl 3039 6398 3039 6542 Dl (O)2985 6372 w 3140 6600 3068 6600 Dl 3140 6384 3140 6600 Dl 3068 6384 3140 6384 Dl 3212 6600 3140 6600 Dl 3140 6816 3140 6600 Dl 3068 6816 3140 6816 Dl 10 PI f (n)3148 6836 w 2708 6398 2708 6542 Dl 10 PA f (CH)2678 6372 w 7 PA f (2)2832 6407 w 10 S f (b)2601 6361 w 2708 6139 2708 6283 Dl 10 PA f (CH)2678 6112 w 7 PA f (2)2832 6147 w 10 S f (g)2608 6102 w 2708 5880 2708 6024 Dl 10 PA f (C)2673 5853 w 2546 5722 2670 5794 Dl 2560 5697 2684 5769 Dl (O)2483 5700 w 2862 5710 2738 5782 Dl (O)2854 5700 w 3080 5669 2936 5669 Dl (CH)3112 5700 w 7 PA f (2)3266 5735 w 10 PA f (C)3301 5700 w 7 PA f (6)3372 5735 w 10 PA f (H)3407 5700 w 7 PA f (5)3490 5735 w 10 PA f (Typesetter \(apsend\))1 879 1 2440 7088 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 2 4 %%Page: 3 5 /saveobj save def mark 5 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 3 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 2276 1838 2204 1838 Dl 2276 1622 2276 1838 Dl 2348 1622 2276 1622 Dl 2276 2054 2276 1838 Dl 2348 2054 2276 2054 Dl 2348 1838 2276 1838 Dl (NH)2351 1869 w 2664 1838 2520 1838 Dl (CH)2674 1869 w 10 S f (a)2720 1973 w 2981 1838 2837 1838 Dl 10 PA f (C)2989 1869 w 3010 1636 3010 1780 Dl 3039 1636 3039 1780 Dl (O)2985 1610 w 3140 1838 3068 1838 Dl 3140 1622 3140 1838 Dl 3068 1622 3140 1622 Dl 3212 1838 3140 1838 Dl 3140 2054 3140 1838 Dl 3068 2054 3140 2054 Dl 10 PI f (n)3148 2074 w 2708 1636 2708 1780 Dl 10 PA f (CH)2678 1610 w 7 PA f (2)2832 1645 w 10 S f (b)2601 1599 w 2708 1377 2708 1521 Dl 10 PA f (CH)2678 1350 w 7 PA f (2)2832 1385 w 10 S f (g)2608 1340 w 2708 1118 2708 1262 Dl 10 PA f (C)2673 1091 w 2546 960 2670 1032 Dl 2560 935 2684 1007 Dl (O)2483 938 w 2862 948 2738 1020 Dl (O)2854 938 w 3080 907 2936 907 Dl (CH)3112 938 w 7 PA f (2)3266 973 w 10 PA f (C)3301 938 w 7 PA f (6)3372 973 w 10 PA f (H)3407 938 w 7 PA f (5)3490 973 w 10 PA f (Imagen laser printer \(dcan\))3 1205 1 2277 2326 t (Teletype 5620 \(proof\))2 942 1 2409 3896 t (Epson printer \(tc\))2 777 1 2491 5466 t ( your formula contains)3 1052( If)1 131( to more complicated command lines.)5 1730(Now, back)1 489 4 970 5632 t 10 PI f (eqn)4411 5632 w 10 PA f (characters)4591 5632 w (\(such as)1 354 1 720 5762 t 10 S f (a)1099 5762 w 10 PA f (,)1162 5762 w 10 S f (b)1212 5762 w 10 PA f (, and)1 219 1 1267 5762 t 10 S f (g)1511 5762 w 10 PA f (\), you should include)3 938 1 1552 5762 t 10 PI f (eqn)2515 5762 w 10 PA f (in the command line:)3 934 1 2681 5762 t 9 CW f (chem filename | pic | eqn '-d$$' | troff >filename.out)9 2916 1 1080 5932 t 10 PA f (\(If you use the)3 635 1 720 6122 t 10 PI f (eqn)1380 6122 w 10 PA f (argument)1554 6122 w 10 CW f (-d$$)2012 6122 w 10 PA f (, you don't need)3 721 1 2252 6122 t 10 CW f (delim $$)1 445 1 2998 6122 t 10 PA f (in your input \256le\).)3 809 1 3468 6122 t ( are embedded in the usual type of chemistry manuscript that contains)11 3274(If your structures)2 796 2 970 6288 t (equations and tables and uses a macro package, your command line will look something like:)14 4122 1 720 6418 t 9 CW f (chem filename | pic | tbl | eqn | troff -mm)10 2322 1 1080 6588 t 9 PI f (...)3456 6588 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 3 5 %%Page: 4 6 /saveobj save def mark 6 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 4 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 10 PB f ( Chemical Formulas)2 910(4. Building)1 530 2 720 850 t 10 PA f (The)970 1016 w 10 PI f (chem)1169 1016 w 10 PA f ( provides for rings, heterocycles, bonds, atoms,)6 2126( It)1 125( rather small.)2 598(input language is)2 782 4 1409 1016 t ( in the order that you write them)7 1506( are normally connected together)4 1499( Objects)1 383(and stereochemistry.)1 932 4 720 1146 t (down.)720 1276 w 10 PI f (chem)1059 1276 w 10 PA f ( but provides ways to specify precisely)6 1764(tries to connnect them at the natural places,)7 1969 2 1307 1276 t ( isn't smart)2 523(where things are placed and how they are connected for those situations where it)13 3797 2 720 1406 t ( all else fails, because)4 946( If)1 121(enough to guess right.)3 999 3 720 1536 t 10 PI f (chem)2815 1536 w 10 PA f (is a)1 150 1 3052 1536 t 10 PI f (pic)3232 1536 w 10 PA f (preprocessor, it is possible to include)5 1659 1 3381 1536 t 10 PI f (pic)720 1666 w 10 PA f (statements in the middle of a diagram to draw things that are not provided for by)15 3609 1 864 1666 t 10 PI f (chem)4498 1666 w 10 PA f (itself.)4731 1666 w ( the diagram is written on a single line; blank lines and comments can be)14 3220(Each component of)2 850 2 970 1832 t (used freely to make the description easy to read later on.)10 2504 1 720 1962 t 10 PB f (Bonds, Directions, and Atoms)3 1362 1 720 2222 t 10 PA f ( in the following general form, where the brackets specify optional)10 3168(Bonds are speci\256ed)2 902 2 970 2388 t (quali\256ers:)720 2518 w 9 PI f ( [)1 53(bondtype [direction])1 767 2 1080 2688 t 9 CW f (length)1900 2688 w 9 PI f (n] [)1 133 1 2278 2688 t 9 CW f (from)2411 2688 w 9 PI f (name] [)1 278 1 2681 2688 t 9 CW f (to)2959 2688 w 9 PI f (name] [attribute])1 624 1 3121 2688 t 10 PA f ( the)1 167( First,)1 278( look at them one at a time.)7 1211( Let's)1 264(The options must appear in this order.)6 1710 5 720 2878 t 10 PI f (bondtype)4378 2878 w 10 PA f (.)4754 2878 w 10 PI f (chem)4832 2878 w 10 PA f ( are invoked by the commands)5 1492( These)1 333( double, and triple bonds.)4 1241(knows about single,)2 938 4 720 3008 t 10 CW f (bond)4775 3008 w 10 PA f (,)5015 3008 w 10 CW f (double bond)1 636 1 720 3138 t 10 PA f (, and)1 230 1 1356 3138 t 10 CW f (triple bond)1 636 1 1622 3138 t 10 PA f (, respectively.)1 619 1 2258 3138 t 10 PI f (chem)2938 3138 w 10 PA f (also understands)1 765 1 3182 3138 t 10 CW f (front bond)1 576 1 3983 3138 t 10 PA f (and)4595 3138 w 10 CW f (back)4800 3138 w (bond)720 3268 w 10 PA f (to specify stereochemistry.)2 1179 1 985 3268 t (The)970 3434 w 10 PI f (direction)1166 3434 w 10 PA f (of bonds in)2 504 1 1561 3434 t 10 PI f (chem)2094 3434 w 10 PA f (is handled in several ways.)4 1208 1 2331 3434 t 10 PI f (chem)3593 3434 w 10 PA f (recognizes)3830 3434 w 10 CW f (up)4330 3434 w 10 PA f (,)4450 3434 w 10 CW f (down)4505 3434 w 10 PA f (,)4745 3434 w 10 CW f (left)4800 3434 w 10 PA f (and)720 3564 w 10 CW f (right)920 3564 w 10 PA f (, as well as the corresponding compass points)7 2051 1 1220 3564 t 10 CW f (n)3301 3564 w 10 PA f (,)3361 3564 w 10 CW f (s)3416 3564 w 10 PA f (,)3476 3564 w 10 CW f (w)3531 3564 w 10 PA f (and)3621 3564 w 10 CW f (e)3820 3564 w 10 PA f ( the direction isn't)3 816(. When)1 344 2 3880 3564 t ( corresponds to)2 703( Zero)1 270( easiest to use actual angles.)5 1279(one of these, it's)3 737 4 720 3694 t 10 CW f (up)3744 3694 w 10 PA f (or)3899 3694 w 10 CW f (n)4029 3694 w 10 PA f (, 90 to)2 283 1 4089 3694 t 10 CW f (right)4407 3694 w 10 PA f (, \26190 to)2 333 1 4707 3694 t 10 CW f (left)720 3824 w 10 PA f ( example, this input:)3 902( For)1 201(, and so on.)3 504 3 960 3824 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 3994 w (bond right)1 540 1 1350 4104 t (bond 60)1 378 1 1350 4214 t (bond 120)1 432 1 1350 4324 t (bond 60)1 378 1 1350 4434 t (bond 120)1 432 1 1350 4544 t (bond down)1 486 1 1350 4654 t (.cend)1134 4764 w 10 PA f (produces the following stick structure:)4 1705 1 720 4954 t 2703 5201 2559 5201 Dl 2827 5129 2703 5201 Dl 2951 5201 2827 5129 Dl 3076 5129 2952 5201 Dl 3201 5201 3077 5129 Dl 3201 5345 3201 5201 Dl (Of course bonds usually connect atoms or groups, as in this description of methyl acetate:)14 3960 1 970 5595 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 5765 w ( the 3 is automatically turned into a subscript)8 2538(CH3 #)1 540 2 1134 5875 t ( the implicit direction is right)5 1728(bond #)1 540 2 1134 5985 t (# implicit connection is to right side of CH3)8 2430 1 1620 6095 t (C)1134 6205 w ( by default, from the substituent C)6 1890( #)1 324(double bond 30)2 756 3 1134 6315 t (O)1134 6425 w ( must be "from C"; otherwise would leave from O)9 2538( #)1 270(bond 120 from C)3 810 3 1134 6535 t (O)1134 6645 w (bond right)1 540 1 1134 6755 t (CH3)1134 6865 w (.cend)1134 6975 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 4 6 %%Page: 5 7 /saveobj save def mark 7 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 5 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t (CH)2398 1144 w 7 PA f (3)2552 1179 w 10 PA f 2744 1113 2600 1113 Dl (C)2752 1144 w 2877 942 2805 1066 Dl 2902 956 2830 1080 Dl (O)2881 938 w 2941 1226 2817 1154 Dl (O)2933 1297 w 3160 1266 3016 1266 Dl (CH)3174 1297 w 7 PA f (3)3328 1332 w 10 PA f ( on the same)3 567(These commands could be written more compactly by putting the substituents)10 3503 2 970 1574 t (lines as bonds, separated by semicolons \(spaces matter!\), as in:)9 2753 1 720 1704 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 1874 w (CH3)1350 1984 w (bond ; C)2 432 1 1350 2094 t (double bond 30 ; O)4 972 1 1350 2204 t (bond 120 from C ; O)5 1026 1 1350 2314 t (bond right ; CH3)3 864 1 1350 2424 t (.cend)1134 2534 w 10 PA f (A group or moiety like CH)5 1204 1 970 2760 t 7 PA f (3)2185 2780 w 10 PA f ( group must begin with a)5 1133( A)1 131( of characters.)2 618(is written as a string)4 903 4 2255 2760 t ( automatically converted to subscripts and)5 1943( are)1 177( Numbers)1 480(capital letter, as in HCl or N\(C2H5\)2.)6 1720 4 720 2890 t ( For)1 218( a fractional value, as in N2.5H\).)6 1519(dots are centered \(unless the combination appears to be)8 2583 3 720 3020 t (example:)720 3150 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 3320 w (HCl.H2O)1350 3430 w (.cend)1134 3540 w 10 PA f (produces)720 3730 w (HCl)2677 3993 w (.)2860 3963 w (H)2885 3993 w 7 PA f (2)2968 4028 w 10 PA f (O)3003 3993 w (but attempting to do the same with CaSO)7 1838 1 720 4234 t 7 PA f (4)2569 4254 w 10 PA f (.)2620 4204 w (2 H)1 141 1 2653 4234 t 7 PA f (2)2805 4254 w 10 PA f (O, i.e.,)1 281 1 2856 4234 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 4404 w (CaSO4.2H2O)1350 4514 w (.cend)1134 4624 w 10 PA f (produces)720 4814 w (CaSO)2611 5077 w 7 PA f (4.2)2864 5112 w 10 PA f (H)2952 5077 w 7 PA f (2)3035 5112 w 10 PA f (O)3070 5077 w (You will have to use)4 902 1 720 5318 t 10 PI f (eqn)1647 5318 w 10 PA f (or the ``)2 340 1 1821 5318 t 10 CW f (right of)1 445 1 2161 5318 t 10 PA f ('' construct in unusual cases like this.)6 1636 1 2606 5318 t ( the last thing mentioned, but it may be manually)9 2308(Normally a group is placed right after)6 1762 2 970 5484 t (positioned by)1 606 1 720 5614 t 10 PI f (pic)1351 5614 w 10 PA f (-like commands, e.g.,)2 935 1 1470 5614 t 9 CW f (CH3 at C + \(0.5, 0.5\))5 1134 1 1350 5784 t 10 PA f (We'll see more examples of this later.)6 1645 1 720 5974 t ( acetate example, the carbon atom C was used both to draw something and as)14 3473(In the methyl)2 597 2 970 6140 t (a)720 6270 w 10 PI f (name)802 6270 w 10 PA f ( the group or)3 598( \(When)1 353( for a place.)3 527( atom or a group always de\256nes a name)8 1820( An)1 193(for a place.)2 498 6 1051 6270 t ( left after)2 399(moiety contains special characters, like the parentheses in N\(C2H5\)2, the name is what is)13 3921 2 720 6400 t ( we'll see that we sometimes need to invent names)9 2274( Later)1 287( are stripped out.\))3 807(the special characters)2 952 4 720 6530 t (for rings and bonds so we can refer back to them.)10 2177 1 720 6660 t (Each new occurrence of a name overrides the de\256nition of the previous one:)12 3358 1 970 6826 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 5 7 %%Page: 6 8 /saveobj save def mark 8 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 6 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w ( 1st definition of C)4 1080( #)1 702(bond ; C)2 432 3 1350 1000 t (bond up from C)3 756 1 1350 1110 t (bond down from C)3 864 1 1350 1220 t ( 2nd definition of C)4 1080( #)1 540(bond right from C ; C)5 1134 3 1350 1330 t (bond up from C)3 756 1 1350 1440 t (bond down from C)3 864 1 1350 1550 t ( 3rd definition of C)4 1080( #)1 540(bond right from C ; C)5 1134 3 1350 1660 t (bond up from C)3 756 1 1350 1770 t (bond down from C)3 864 1 1350 1880 t (bond right from C)3 918 1 1350 1990 t (.cend)1134 2100 w 10 PA f 2606 2536 2462 2536 Dl (C)2614 2567 w 2649 2335 2649 2479 Dl 2649 2738 2649 2594 Dl 2836 2536 2692 2536 Dl (C)2844 2567 w 2879 2335 2879 2479 Dl 2879 2738 2879 2594 Dl 3066 2536 2922 2536 Dl (C)3075 2567 w 3110 2335 3110 2479 Dl 3110 2738 3110 2594 Dl 3297 2536 3153 2536 Dl (BP is a special name that is used to specify a ``branch point,'' a place where no moiety is)18 4070 1 970 2988 t ( an example of its use:)5 975(printed. Here's)1 693 2 720 3118 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 3288 w (# this is the isopropyl group)5 1566 1 1134 3398 t ( BP is right end of this bond)7 1566( #)1 432(bond 120 ; BP)3 702 3 1350 3508 t (bond -120 from BP)3 918 1 1350 3618 t (bond right from BP ; C)5 1188 1 1350 3728 t (front bond up ; CH3)4 1026 1 1350 3838 t (back bond down from C ; D)6 1350 1 1350 3948 t (bond right from C ; BP)5 1188 1 1350 4058 t (# redefine BP to mean the center carbon of this t-butyl group)11 3294 1 1134 4168 t (bond up from BP)3 810 1 1350 4278 t (bond right from BP)3 972 1 1350 4388 t (bond down from BP)3 918 1 1350 4498 t (.cend)1134 4608 w 10 PA f 2683 5159 2559 5087 Dl 2559 5231 2683 5159 Dl 2827 5159 2683 5159 Dl (C)2835 5190 w 2870 5102 2852 4958 Dl 2870 5102 2855 4958 Dl 2869 5101 2857 4957 Dl 2870 5101 2860 4957 Dl 2869 5101 2862 4957 Dl 2870 5101 2865 4957 Dl 2870 5101 2868 4956 Dl 2870 5101 2870 4956 Dl 2871 5101 2873 4956 Dl 2870 5101 2875 4957 Dl 2871 5101 2878 4957 Dl 2871 5101 2881 4957 Dl 2871 5101 2883 4957 Dl 2871 5102 2886 4958 Dl 2870 5102 2888 4958 Dl 2870 4958 2870 5102 Dl (CH)2841 4931 w 7 PA f (3)2995 4966 w 10 PA f 2857 5235 2885 5235 Dl 2857 5253 2885 5253 Dl 2857 5271 2885 5271 Dl 2857 5289 2885 5289 Dl 2857 5307 2885 5307 Dl 2857 5325 2885 5325 Dl 2857 5343 2885 5343 Dl (D)2832 5449 w 3057 5159 2913 5159 Dl 3057 5015 3057 5159 Dl 3201 5159 3057 5159 Dl 3057 5303 3057 5159 Dl 10 PI f (chem)970 5726 w 10 PA f ( the proper parts of moieties, for example)7 1851(takes considerable pains to connect bonds to)6 1976 2 1213 5726 t ( is possible to override the automatic connec-)7 2062( It)1 128(by connecting to carbon atoms where possible.)6 2130 3 720 5856 t (tions to carbon, as we'll see later in this section.)9 2087 1 720 5986 t ( a length in inches.)4 831(The default bond length is 0.2 inches, but it can be adjusted by specifying)13 3239 2 970 6152 t ( in this structure of isotactic poly\(methyl methacrylate\), variable bond lengths are)11 3731(For example,)1 589 2 720 6282 t ( the bond attribute ``dotted''; ``dashed'')5 1854( also)1 224( Note)1 292(used to produce an uncrowded structure.)5 1950 4 720 6412 t (bonds are also available.)3 1081 1 720 6542 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 6 8 %%Page: 7 9 /saveobj save def mark 9 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 7 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (bond dotted)1 594 1 1350 1000 t (bond right ; BP)3 810 1 1350 1110 t (bond up from BP ; C)5 1026 1 1350 1220 t (double bond -60 from C ; O)6 1404 1 1350 1330 t (bond 60 length .1 from C ; OCH3)7 1674 1 1350 1440 t (bond down from BP ; CH3)5 1242 1 1350 1550 t (# begin second segment of polymer)5 1782 1 1134 1660 t (bond right length .5 from BP ; BP)7 1782 1 1350 1770 t (bond up length .1 from BP ; H)7 1566 1 1350 1880 t (bond down length .1 from BP ; H)7 1674 1 1350 1990 t (# begin third segment of polymer)5 1728 1 1134 2100 t (bond right length .5 from BP ; BP)7 1782 1 1350 2210 t (bond up from BP ; C)5 1026 1 1350 2320 t (double bond -60 from C ; O)6 1404 1 1350 2430 t (bond 60 length .1 from C ; OCH3)7 1674 1 1350 2540 t (bond down from BP ; CH3)5 1242 1 1350 2650 t (# begin fourth segment of polymer)5 1782 1 1134 2760 t (bond right length .5 from BP ; BP)7 1782 1 1350 2870 t (bond up length .1 from BP ; H)7 1566 1 1350 2980 t (bond down length .1 from BP ; H)7 1674 1 1350 3090 t (# begin fifth segment of polymer)5 1728 1 1134 3200 t (bond right length .5 from BP ; BP)7 1782 1 1350 3310 t (bond up from BP ; C)5 1026 1 1350 3420 t (double bond -60 from C ; O)6 1404 1 1350 3530 t (bond 60 length .1 from C ; OCH3)7 1674 1 1350 3640 t (bond down from BP ; CH3)5 1242 1 1350 3750 t (bond right from BP)3 972 1 1350 3860 t (bond dotted)1 594 1 1350 3970 t (.cend)1134 4080 w 7 PA f (. . . . .)4 162 1 1815 4730 t 10 PA f 2113 4727 1969 4727 Dl 2113 4583 2113 4727 Dl (C)2078 4556 w 1951 4425 2075 4497 Dl 1965 4400 2089 4472 Dl (O)1888 4403 w 2205 4449 2143 4485 Dl (OCH)2210 4439 w 7 PA f (3)2443 4474 w 10 PA f 2113 4871 2113 4727 Dl (CH)2083 4959 w 7 PA f (3)2237 4994 w 10 PA f 2473 4727 2113 4727 Dl 2473 4655 2473 4727 Dl (H)2432 4628 w 2473 4799 2473 4727 Dl (H)2432 4887 w 2833 4727 2473 4727 Dl 2833 4583 2833 4727 Dl (C)2798 4556 w 2671 4425 2795 4497 Dl 2685 4400 2809 4472 Dl (O)2608 4403 w 2925 4449 2863 4485 Dl (OCH)2930 4439 w 7 PA f (3)3163 4474 w 10 PA f 2833 4871 2833 4727 Dl (CH)2803 4959 w 7 PA f (3)2957 4994 w 10 PA f 3193 4727 2833 4727 Dl 3193 4655 3193 4727 Dl (H)3152 4628 w 3193 4799 3193 4727 Dl (H)3152 4887 w 3553 4727 3193 4727 Dl 3553 4583 3553 4727 Dl (C)3518 4556 w 3391 4425 3515 4497 Dl 3405 4400 3529 4472 Dl (O)3328 4403 w 3645 4449 3583 4485 Dl (OCH)3650 4439 w 7 PA f (3)3883 4474 w 10 PA f 3553 4871 3553 4727 Dl (CH)3523 4959 w 7 PA f (3)3677 4994 w 10 PA f 3697 4727 3553 4727 Dl 7 PA f (. . . . .)4 162 1 3687 4730 t 10 PB f (Rings)720 5330 w 10 PA f (Rings are speci\256ed in the following general form:)7 2181 1 970 5496 t 9 PI f ([ring name:])1 456 1 1080 5666 t 9 CW f (ring)1605 5666 w 9 PI f ([n] [direction] [heteroatoms] [doublebond pattern])4 1816 1 1821 5666 t 10 PA f ( look at each of these in more)7 1393( We'll)1 299( optional parts are enclosed in square brackets.)7 2173(where the)1 455 4 720 5856 t (detail.)720 5986 w (Cyclopropane through cyclooctane can be obtained by simply saying)8 3052 1 970 6152 t 10 CW f (ring3)4047 6152 w 10 PA f (,)4347 6152 w 10 CW f (ring4)4397 6152 w 10 PA f (, and so)2 343 1 4697 6152 t (on:)720 6282 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 7 9 %%Page: 8 10 /saveobj save def mark 10 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 8 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (R3: ring3)1 486 1 1134 1000 t (R4: ring4 at R3 + \(.75,0\))5 1350 1 1134 1110 t (R5: ring5 at R4 + \(.75,0\))5 1350 1 1134 1220 t (R6: ring6 at R5 + \(.75,0\))5 1350 1 1134 1330 t ( at R6 + \(.75,0\))4 864(B: benzene)1 594 2 1134 1440 t (R7: ring7 at B + \(.75,0\))5 1296 1 1134 1550 t (R8: ring8 at R7 + \(.75,0\))5 1350 1 1134 1660 t (.cend)1134 1770 w 10 PA f 1281 2380 1173 2193 Dl 1065 2380 1281 2380 Dl 1173 2193 1065 2380 Dl 1865 2286 1713 2134 Dl 1713 2439 1865 2287 Dl 1561 2287 1713 2439 Dl 1712 2135 1560 2287 Dl 2427 2246 2253 2120 Dl 2361 2452 2427 2247 Dl 2145 2453 2361 2453 Dl 2079 2248 2145 2453 Dl 2252 2121 2078 2247 Dl 2980 2179 2793 2071 Dl 2980 2395 2980 2179 Dl 2793 2503 2980 2395 Dl 2606 2395 2793 2503 Dl 2605 2179 2605 2395 Dl 2792 2071 2605 2179 Dl 3520 2179 3333 2071 Dl 3520 2395 3520 2179 Dl 3333 2503 3520 2395 Dl 3146 2395 3333 2503 Dl 3145 2179 3145 2395 Dl 3332 2071 3145 2179 Dl 3225 2287 216 216 De 4067 2143 3873 2050 Dl 4115 2354 4067 2144 Dl 3981 2523 4115 2354 Dl 3765 2524 3981 2524 Dl 3631 2355 3765 2524 Dl 3678 2144 3630 2354 Dl 3872 2051 3678 2144 Dl 4612 2087 4413 2005 Dl 4694 2286 4612 2087 Dl 4613 2486 4695 2287 Dl 4413 2568 4612 2486 Dl 4214 2487 4413 2569 Dl 4131 2287 4213 2486 Dl 4212 2088 4130 2287 Dl 4412 2005 4213 2087 Dl (``)720 2783 w 10 CW f (ring)776 2783 w 10 PA f ( for)1 166('' is a synonym)3 701 2 1016 2783 t 10 CW f (ring6)1921 2783 w 10 PA f ( attribute ``)2 513(. The)1 255 2 2221 2783 t 10 CW f (at)2989 2783 w 10 PI f (name)3147 2783 w 10 CW f (+ \(.75,0\))1 518 1 3410 2783 t 10 PA f ('' is a)2 253 1 3928 2783 t 10 PI f (pic)4219 2783 w 10 PA f (command that)1 656 1 4384 2783 t (puts each object 3/4 inch to the right of \(the center of\) the previous one.)14 3163 1 720 2913 t ( vertex, or vertex 1,)4 913( is, the top-most)3 754( That)1 267(Note that all of these rings are ``pointing up''.)8 2136 4 970 3079 t ( is especially obvious for cyclobutane \(``)6 1763( This)1 241(points toward the top of the page.)6 1508 3 720 3209 t 10 CW f (ring4)4232 3209 w 10 PA f ( is)1 96(''\), which)1 412 2 4532 3209 t ( normal orientation has the)4 1241( The)1 228(oriented in a manner that at \256rst appears strange to a chemist.)11 2851 3 720 3339 t (``point'' or vertex 1 rotated 45 degrees, so it is written as)11 2478 1 720 3469 t 9 CW f (ring4 pointing 45)2 918 1 1080 3639 t 10 PA f 2988 4090 2988 3874 Dl 2772 4090 2988 4090 Dl 2772 3874 2772 4090 Dl 2988 3874 2772 3874 Dl ( is the \256rst vertex,)4 848(The vertices of rings are always numbered the same way: the ``point'')11 3222 2 970 4340 t (which is called)2 656 1 720 4470 t 10 CW f (.V1)1402 4470 w 10 PA f (, and)1 220 1 1582 4470 t 10 CW f (.V2)1828 4470 w 10 PA f (,)2008 4470 w 10 CW f (.V3)2059 4470 w 10 PA f ( example, the fol-)3 764( For)1 201(, etc., continue clockwise around the ring.)6 1836 3 2239 4470 t (lowing structures show that the ``point'' in cyclopentane, as in any other ring, is always num-)15 4320 1 720 4600 t (bered 1, but its position follows the direction in which the ring points:)12 3085 1 720 4730 t 2943 5033 2769 4907 Dl 2878 5239 2944 5034 Dl 2661 5239 2877 5239 Dl 2595 5034 2661 5239 Dl 2769 4908 2595 5034 Dl 7 PA f (1)2752 4982 w (2)2875 5071 w (3 4)1 -116 1 2828 5215 t (5)2630 5071 w 10 HB f (ring5 \(or ring5 pointing up\))4 1284 1 3129 5093 t 2725 5517 2599 5691 Dl 2930 5582 2725 5516 Dl 2931 5799 2931 5583 Dl 2726 5865 2931 5799 Dl 2599 5691 2725 5865 Dl 7 PA f (1)2637 5711 w (2)2726 5588 w (3)2870 5635 w (4)2870 5786 w (5)2726 5833 w 10 HB f (ring5 pointing left)2 845 1 3125 5711 t 2595 6349 2769 6475 Dl 2661 6143 2595 6348 Dl 2877 6142 2661 6142 Dl 2943 6347 2877 6142 Dl 2770 6474 2944 6348 Dl 7 PA f (1)2752 6440 w (2)2630 6351 w (3 4)1 186 1 2677 6207 t (5)2875 6351 w 10 HB f (ring5 pointing down)2 956 1 3129 6329 t 2805 7090 2931 6916 Dl 2599 7024 2804 7090 Dl 2599 6808 2599 7024 Dl 2804 6742 2599 6808 Dl 2930 6915 2804 6741 Dl 7 PA f (1)2859 6936 w (2)2770 7058 w (3)2626 7011 w (4)2626 6860 w (5)2770 6813 w 10 HB f (ring5 pointing right)2 917 1 3125 6936 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 8 10 %%Page: 9 11 /saveobj save def mark 11 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 9 -)2 166 1 2797 480 t ( of 5-membered rings: the pentagonal)5 1883(There are two types)3 1010 2 970 850 t 10 CW f (ring5)3933 850 w 10 PA f (above, and the)2 737 1 4303 850 t (``)720 980 w 10 CW f (flatring)776 980 w 10 PA f (.'' The)1 298 1 1256 980 t 10 CW f (flatring)1579 980 w 10 PA f (is useful for fusing onto the sides of other rings.)9 2108 1 2084 980 t 2142 1263 1955 1155 Dl 2142 1479 2142 1263 Dl 1768 1479 2142 1479 Dl 1768 1263 1768 1479 Dl 1955 1155 1768 1263 Dl 10 HB f (\257atring pointing up)2 911 1 1687 1754 t 3581 1432 3768 1540 Dl 3582 1216 3582 1432 Dl 3956 1216 3582 1216 Dl 3956 1432 3956 1216 Dl 3769 1540 3956 1432 Dl (\257atring pointing down)2 1050 1 3431 1815 t 10 PA f ( sub-)1 224(It is handy \(and sometimes essential!\) to name the rings so you can properly add the)15 3846 2 970 2103 t ( example:)1 425(stituents. For)1 604 2 720 2233 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 2403 w (R: ring3)1 540 1 1350 2513 t (back bond 120 from R.V2 ; C2H5)6 1620 1 1620 2623 t (front bond -120 from R.V3 ; HO)6 1620 1 1620 2733 t (.cend)1134 2843 w 10 PA f 2945 3265 2837 3078 Dl 2729 3265 2945 3265 Dl 2837 3078 2729 3265 Dl 2953 3286 2967 3261 Dl 2969 3295 2983 3270 Dl 2985 3304 2999 3279 Dl 3000 3313 3014 3288 Dl 3016 3322 3030 3297 Dl 3031 3331 3045 3306 Dl 3047 3340 3061 3315 Dl (C)3074 3408 w 7 PA f (2)3145 3443 w 10 PA f (H)3180 3408 w 7 PA f (5)3263 3443 w 10 PA f 2728 3265 2613 3352 Dl 2728 3265 2611 3350 Dl 2728 3265 2610 3348 Dl 2728 3265 2608 3346 Dl 2728 3265 2607 3344 Dl 2729 3265 2606 3342 Dl 2728 3266 2604 3340 Dl 2729 3265 2603 3337 Dl 2727 3265 2601 3335 Dl 2728 3264 2600 3332 Dl 2728 3265 2599 3330 Dl 2728 3265 2598 3328 Dl 2728 3265 2597 3326 Dl 2727 3264 2595 3323 Dl 2728 3265 2595 3321 Dl 2605 3337 2729 3265 Dl (HO)2449 3408 w (The ring itself is named)4 1040 1 720 3649 t 10 CW f (R)1785 3649 w 10 PA f (; its second vertex is named)5 1215 1 1845 3649 t 10 CW f (R.V2)3085 3649 w 10 PA f ( another example,)2 792(. As)1 195 2 3325 3649 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 3819 w ( pointing right)2 810(R: benzene)1 648 2 1350 3929 t (bond left from R.V4 ; HO)5 1296 1 1620 4039 t (bond -150 from R.V3 ; CH3O)5 1404 1 1620 4149 t (bond right from R.V1 ; C)5 1296 1 1620 4259 t (double bond up from C ; O)6 1350 1 1620 4369 t (bond right from C ; N)5 1134 1 1620 4479 t (bond 45 ; C2H5)3 756 1 1620 4589 t (bond 135 from N ; C2H5)5 1188 1 1620 4699 t (.cend)1134 4809 w 10 PA f 2747 5547 2855 5360 Dl 2531 5548 2747 5548 Dl 2423 5361 2531 5548 Dl 2531 5173 2423 5360 Dl 2747 5173 2531 5173 Dl 2855 5360 2747 5173 Dl 2531 5360 216 216 De 2279 5360 2423 5360 Dl (HO)2112 5391 w 2459 5672 2531 5548 Dl (CH)2187 5744 w 7 PA f (3)2341 5779 w 10 PA f (O)2376 5744 w 2999 5360 2855 5360 Dl (C)3008 5391 w 3028 5159 3028 5303 Dl 3057 5159 3057 5303 Dl (O)3004 5132 w 3230 5360 3086 5360 Dl (N)3232 5391 w 3404 5218 3303 5319 Dl (C)3410 5208 w 7 PA f (2)3481 5243 w 10 PA f (H)3516 5208 w 7 PA f (5)3599 5243 w 10 PA f 3404 5502 3303 5401 Dl (C)3410 5575 w 7 PA f (2)3481 5610 w 10 PA f (H)3516 5575 w 7 PA f (5)3599 5610 w 10 PA f ( bond,)1 291(If you do not specify an explicit connection point for a substituent)11 3028 2 970 6021 t 10 PI f (chem)4326 6021 w 10 PA f (will try to)2 461 1 4579 6021 t ( example, in the two diagrams immediately above, it)8 2323( For)1 201( of the bond.)3 556(deduce it from the direction)4 1240 4 720 6151 t (is possible to omit all of the)6 1209 1 720 6281 t 10 CW f (.V)1954 6281 w 10 PI f (n)2074 6281 w 10 PA f ('s.)2130 6281 w 10 PI f (Double bonds)1 551 1 970 6447 t 10 PA f (within rings are speci\256ed by naming vertices between which they appear:)10 3259 1 1546 6447 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 6617 w (ring double 1,2 3,4 5,6)4 1242 1 1350 6727 t (.cend)1134 6837 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 9 11 %%Page: 10 12 /saveobj save def mark 12 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 10 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 3067 958 2880 850 Dl 3039 974 2880 882 Dl 3067 1174 3067 958 Dl 2880 1282 3067 1174 Dl 2880 1250 3039 1158 Dl 2693 1174 2880 1282 Dl 2693 958 2693 1174 Dl 2721 975 2721 1158 Dl 2880 850 2693 958 Dl 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 1536 w (ring8 triple 3,4)2 864 1 1350 1646 t (.cend)1134 1756 w 10 PA f 3058 2073 2859 1991 Dl 3140 2272 3058 2073 Dl 3059 2472 3141 2273 Dl 3029 2442 3099 2273 Dl 3088 2502 3183 2273 Dl 2859 2554 3058 2472 Dl 2660 2473 2859 2555 Dl 2577 2273 2659 2472 Dl 2659 2074 2577 2273 Dl 2858 1991 2659 2073 Dl (A circle can be placed inside any ring by using the modi\256er)11 2625 1 970 2805 t 10 CW f (aromatic)3620 2805 w 10 PA f (:)4100 2805 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 2975 w ( ring7)1 324(R: aromatic)1 648 2 1134 3085 t ("+" at R)2 432 1 1350 3195 t (.cend)1134 3305 w 10 PA f 3073 3633 2879 3540 Dl 3122 3843 3074 3633 Dl 2988 4013 3122 3844 Dl 2771 4013 2987 4013 Dl 2637 3844 2771 4013 Dl 2685 3634 2637 3844 Dl 2879 3540 2685 3633 Dl 2755 3789 249 249 De (+)2849 3796 w ( exam-)1 305( For)1 210( each ring.)2 476(Fused ring structures are formed by specifying a common vertex on)10 3079 4 970 4263 t (ple, consider cholestanol:)2 1115 1 720 4393 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 10 12 %%Page: 11 13 /saveobj save def mark 13 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 11 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (R1: ring6)1 486 1 1134 1000 t ( this puts a label at R1)6 1296( #)1 324("R1" at R1)2 540 3 1350 1110 t (front bond -120 from R1.V5 ; HO)6 1674 1 1350 1220 t (# the following line says "fuse the next six-)8 2430 1 1620 1330 t (# membered ring with its 6th vertex joining)7 2322 1 1620 1440 t (# the second vertex of R1")5 1404 1 1620 1550 t (R2: ring6 with .V6 at R1.V2)5 1458 1 1134 1660 t (front bond up from R2.V6 ; CH3)6 1620 1 1350 1770 t (back bond down from R2.V4 ; H)6 1566 1 1350 1880 t (back bond down from R2.V1 ; H)6 1566 1 1350 1990 t (front bond up from R2.V2 ; H)6 1512 1 1350 2100 t (R3: ring6 with .V4 at R2.V2)5 1458 1 1134 2210 t (R4: flatring with .V5 at R3.V2)5 1620 1 1134 2320 t (front bond up from R4.V5 ; CH3)6 1620 1 1350 2430 t (back bond down from R4.V4 ; H # this is the alkyl chain)12 2970 1 1350 2540 t (bond up from R4.V1 ; BP)5 1242 1 1350 2650 t (bond -60 from BP)3 864 1 1350 2760 t (bond 60 from BP)3 810 1 1350 2870 t (bond 120)1 432 1 1350 2980 t (bond 60)1 378 1 1350 3090 t (bond 120 ; BP)3 702 1 1350 3200 t (bond down from BP)3 918 1 1350 3310 t (bond 60 from BP)3 810 1 1350 3420 t (.cend)1134 3530 w 10 PA f 2523 4413 2336 4305 Dl 2523 4629 2523 4413 Dl 2336 4737 2523 4629 Dl 2149 4629 2336 4737 Dl 2150 4413 2150 4629 Dl 2337 4305 2150 4413 Dl (R1)2278 4541 w 2149 4629 2034 4716 Dl 2149 4629 2032 4714 Dl 2149 4629 2031 4712 Dl 2149 4629 2029 4710 Dl 2149 4629 2028 4708 Dl 2150 4629 2027 4706 Dl 2149 4629 2025 4703 Dl 2150 4629 2024 4701 Dl 2148 4629 2022 4699 Dl 2149 4629 2021 4697 Dl 2149 4629 2020 4694 Dl 2149 4629 2019 4692 Dl 2149 4629 2018 4690 Dl 2148 4629 2016 4688 Dl 2149 4629 2016 4685 Dl 2026 4701 2150 4629 Dl (HO)1870 4772 w 2898 4413 2711 4305 Dl 2898 4629 2898 4413 Dl 2711 4737 2898 4629 Dl 2524 4629 2711 4737 Dl 2523 4413 2523 4629 Dl 2710 4305 2523 4413 Dl 2523 4413 2505 4269 Dl 2523 4413 2508 4269 Dl 2522 4412 2510 4268 Dl 2523 4412 2513 4268 Dl 2523 4412 2516 4268 Dl 2523 4412 2518 4268 Dl 2523 4412 2521 4267 Dl 2523 4412 2523 4267 Dl 2524 4412 2526 4267 Dl 2523 4412 2528 4268 Dl 2524 4412 2531 4268 Dl 2524 4412 2534 4268 Dl 2524 4412 2536 4268 Dl 2524 4413 2539 4269 Dl 2523 4413 2541 4269 Dl 2523 4269 2523 4413 Dl (CH)2494 4242 w 7 PA f (3)2648 4277 w 10 PA f 2697 4755 2725 4755 Dl 2697 4773 2725 4773 Dl 2697 4791 2725 4791 Dl 2697 4809 2725 4809 Dl 2697 4827 2725 4827 Dl 2697 4845 2725 4845 Dl 2697 4863 2725 4863 Dl (H)2670 4969 w 2697 4323 2725 4323 Dl 2697 4341 2725 4341 Dl 2697 4359 2725 4359 Dl 2697 4377 2725 4377 Dl 2697 4395 2725 4395 Dl 2697 4413 2725 4413 Dl 2697 4431 2725 4431 Dl (H)2670 4537 w 2898 4413 2880 4269 Dl 2897 4413 2882 4269 Dl 2897 4412 2885 4268 Dl 2898 4412 2888 4268 Dl 2897 4412 2890 4268 Dl 2898 4412 2893 4268 Dl 2897 4412 2895 4267 Dl 2898 4412 2898 4267 Dl 2898 4412 2900 4267 Dl 2898 4412 2903 4268 Dl 2899 4412 2906 4268 Dl 2898 4412 2908 4268 Dl 2899 4412 2911 4268 Dl 2898 4413 2913 4269 Dl 2898 4413 2916 4269 Dl 2898 4269 2898 4413 Dl (H)2857 4242 w 3085 4089 2898 3981 Dl 3085 4305 3085 4089 Dl 2898 4413 3085 4305 Dl 2711 4305 2898 4413 Dl 2711 4089 2711 4305 Dl 2898 3981 2711 4089 Dl 3458 4089 3271 3981 Dl 3459 4305 3459 4089 Dl 3085 4305 3459 4305 Dl 3085 4089 3085 4305 Dl 3272 3981 3085 4089 Dl 3085 4089 3067 3945 Dl 3084 4089 3069 3945 Dl 3084 4088 3072 3944 Dl 3084 4088 3074 3944 Dl 3084 4088 3077 3944 Dl 3085 4088 3080 3944 Dl 3084 4088 3082 3943 Dl 3085 4088 3085 3943 Dl 3085 4088 3087 3943 Dl 3085 4088 3090 3944 Dl 3085 4088 3092 3944 Dl 3085 4088 3095 3944 Dl 3086 4088 3098 3944 Dl 3085 4089 3100 3945 Dl 3085 4089 3103 3945 Dl 3085 3945 3085 4089 Dl (CH)3056 3918 w 7 PA f (3)3210 3953 w 10 PA f 3071 4323 3099 4323 Dl 3071 4341 3099 4341 Dl 3071 4359 3099 4359 Dl 3071 4377 3099 4377 Dl 3071 4395 3099 4395 Dl 3071 4413 3099 4413 Dl 3071 4431 3099 4431 Dl (H)3044 4537 w 3271 3837 3271 3981 Dl 3147 3765 3271 3837 Dl 3395 3765 3271 3837 Dl 3521 3837 3397 3765 Dl 3645 3765 3521 3837 Dl 3770 3837 3646 3765 Dl 3770 3981 3770 3837 Dl 3894 3765 3770 3837 Dl ( that the fusion of)4 782( Note)1 270( rings fuse together.)3 882(The next example shows how the different sized)7 2136 4 970 5246 t (the \256ve- and six-membered rings requires an unusual angle:)8 2659 1 720 5376 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 5546 w (R3: ring3)1 486 1 1134 5656 t (R4: ring4 pointing 45 with .V1 at R3.V2)7 2106 1 1134 5766 t (R5: ring5 pointing down with .V4 at R4.V2)7 2214 1 1134 5876 t (R6: ring6 pointing 54 with .V6 at R5.V5)7 2106 1 1134 5986 t (# the following lines specify the labels inside the rings)9 3078 1 1350 6096 t ("3" at R3)2 486 1 1350 6206 t ("4" at R4)2 486 1 1350 6316 t ("5" at R5)2 486 1 1350 6426 t ("6" at R6)2 486 1 1350 6536 t (.cend)1134 6646 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 11 13 %%Page: 12 14 /saveobj save def mark 14 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 12 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 2877 1037 2769 850 Dl 2661 1037 2877 1037 Dl 2769 850 2661 1037 Dl 2877 1253 2877 1037 Dl 2661 1253 2877 1253 Dl 2661 1037 2661 1253 Dl 2877 1037 2661 1037 Dl 2595 1459 2769 1585 Dl 2661 1253 2595 1458 Dl 2877 1253 2661 1253 Dl 2943 1458 2877 1253 Dl 2770 1584 2944 1458 Dl 3163 1760 3141 1546 Dl 2990 1887 3164 1761 Dl 2792 1801 2989 1888 Dl 2770 1586 2792 1800 Dl 2943 1459 2769 1585 Dl 3141 1545 2944 1458 Dl (3)2744 963 w (4)2744 1165 w (5)2744 1439 w (6)2942 1692 w (Spiro ring junctions are formed in an analogous way:)8 2349 1 720 2102 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 2272 w (R1: ring6)1 540 1 1350 2382 t ( with .V1 at R1.V4)4 972(R2: ring6)1 540 2 1350 2492 t ( with .V5 at R2.V3)4 972(R3: ring5)1 540 2 1350 2602 t (back bond 60 from R3.V2 ; OH)6 1512 1 1620 2712 t (front bond 150 from R3.V3 ; OH)6 1620 1 1620 2822 t (.cend)1134 2932 w 10 PA f 2750 3275 2563 3167 Dl 2750 3491 2750 3275 Dl 2563 3599 2750 3491 Dl 2376 3491 2563 3599 Dl 2376 3275 2376 3491 Dl 2563 3167 2376 3275 Dl 2750 3707 2563 3599 Dl 2750 3923 2750 3707 Dl 2563 4031 2750 3923 Dl 2376 3923 2563 4031 Dl 2376 3707 2376 3923 Dl 2563 3599 2376 3707 Dl 3098 3922 2924 3796 Dl 3033 4128 3099 3923 Dl 2816 4128 3032 4128 Dl 2750 3923 2816 4128 Dl 2924 3797 2750 3923 Dl 3122 3926 3108 3901 Dl 3137 3917 3123 3892 Dl 3153 3908 3139 3883 Dl 3169 3899 3155 3874 Dl 3184 3890 3170 3865 Dl 3200 3881 3186 3856 Dl 3215 3872 3201 3847 Dl (OH)3217 3840 w 3033 4129 3120 4244 Dl 3033 4128 3118 4245 Dl 3033 4129 3116 4247 Dl 3033 4128 3114 4248 Dl 3032 4128 3111 4249 Dl 3032 4128 3109 4251 Dl 3033 4128 3107 4252 Dl 3033 4128 3105 4254 Dl 3033 4129 3103 4255 Dl 3033 4128 3101 4256 Dl 3033 4128 3098 4257 Dl 3033 4129 3096 4259 Dl 3032 4128 3093 4259 Dl 3032 4129 3091 4261 Dl 3033 4129 3089 4262 Dl 3104 4252 3032 4128 Dl (OH)3097 4324 w 10 PI f (Heteroatoms)970 4601 w 10 PA f (in rings are written as ``)5 1077 1 1511 4601 t 10 CW f (put)2588 4601 w 10 PI f (X)2799 4601 w 10 CW f (at)2910 4601 w 10 PI f (V)3061 4601 w 10 PA f (,'' where)1 389 1 3141 4601 t 10 PI f (X)3561 4601 w 10 PA f ( heteroatom and)2 741(is the)1 241 2 3672 4601 t 10 PI f (V)4686 4601 w 10 PA f (is the)1 242 1 4798 4601 t ( example:)1 425( For)1 201(vertex number.)1 676 3 720 4731 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 4901 w (ring put N at 2 put S at 4 double 2,3 4,5 6,1)12 2430 1 1350 5011 t (.cend)1134 5121 w 10 PA f 2995 5435 2858 5356 Dl (N)3004 5494 w 3045 5679 3045 5521 Dl 3017 5663 3017 5518 Dl 2908 5759 3045 5680 Dl (S)2832 5818 w 2671 5680 2808 5759 Dl 2699 5664 2825 5736 Dl 2671 5464 2671 5680 Dl 2858 5356 2671 5464 Dl 2858 5387 2699 5479 Dl ( compound is produced with the following)6 1936(As a more complex example, this polycyclic aromatic)7 2384 2 720 6059 t (input:)720 6189 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 12 14 %%Page: 13 15 /saveobj save def mark 15 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 13 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (R1: benzene pointing right)3 1404 1 1134 1000 t (bond 30 from R1.V6 ; Br)5 1242 1 1350 1110 t (R2: benzene pointing right with .V5 at R1.V1)7 2376 1 1134 1220 t (R3: benzene pointing right with .V1 at R2.V3)7 2376 1 1134 1330 t (bond 150 from R3.V2 ; CO2H)5 1404 1 1350 1440 t (R4: benzene pointing right with .V1 at R1.V3)7 2376 1 1134 1550 t (# next line names bond B1 so we can refer to its end)12 2808 1 1134 1660 t (B1: bond left from R4.V4)4 1296 1 1134 1770 t (ring6 put N at 4 double 2,3 4,5 6,1 with .V3 at B1.end)12 2916 1 1350 1880 t (R5: benzene with .V5 at B2.end)5 1620 1 1134 1990 t (ring6 put N at 4 double 1,2 3,4 with .V5 at R5.V3)11 2646 1 1350 2100 t (.cend)1134 2210 w 10 PA f 2801 3042 2909 2855 Dl 2585 3041 2801 3041 Dl 2477 2854 2585 3041 Dl 2585 2668 2477 2855 Dl 2801 2668 2585 2668 Dl 2909 2855 2801 2668 Dl 2585 2855 216 216 De 2873 2544 2801 2668 Dl (Br)2875 2533 w 3125 3228 3233 3041 Dl 2909 3229 3125 3229 Dl 2801 3042 2909 3229 Dl 2909 2854 2801 3041 Dl 3125 2855 2909 2855 Dl 3233 3042 3125 2855 Dl 2909 3041 216 216 De 2801 3416 2909 3229 Dl 2585 3416 2801 3416 Dl 2477 3229 2585 3416 Dl 2585 3042 2477 3229 Dl 2801 3041 2585 3041 Dl 2909 3228 2801 3041 Dl 2585 3229 216 216 De 2873 3540 2801 3416 Dl (CO)2877 3612 w 7 PA f (2)3027 3647 w 10 PA f (H)3062 3612 w 2477 3228 2585 3041 Dl 2261 3229 2477 3229 Dl 2153 3042 2261 3229 Dl 2261 2854 2153 3041 Dl 2477 2855 2261 2855 Dl 2585 3042 2477 2855 Dl 2261 3041 216 216 De 2009 3041 2153 3041 Dl 2009 2825 1822 2717 Dl 2009 3041 2009 2825 Dl 1981 3025 1981 2842 Dl 1872 3120 2009 3041 Dl (N)1781 3180 w 1635 3042 1772 3121 Dl 1663 3026 1789 3098 Dl 1635 2825 1635 3041 Dl 1822 2717 1635 2825 Dl 1822 2750 1663 2842 Dl 3377 3041 3233 3041 Dl 3750 2825 3563 2717 Dl 3751 3041 3751 2825 Dl 3564 3149 3751 3041 Dl 3376 3041 3563 3149 Dl 3377 2825 3377 3041 Dl 3564 2717 3377 2825 Dl 3455 2933 216 216 De 4125 2825 3938 2717 Dl 4097 2842 3938 2750 Dl 4125 3041 4125 2825 Dl 3988 3120 4125 3041 Dl 3971 3098 4097 3026 Dl (N)3897 3180 w 3751 3042 3888 3121 Dl 3751 2825 3751 3041 Dl 3938 2717 3751 2825 Dl (Quite arbitrarily, we started with the bromo-substituted ring but, as is usual in)12 3606 1 720 3853 t 10 PI f (chem)4362 3853 w 10 PA f (, there are)2 462 1 4578 3853 t (many other equally good ways to draw this structure.)8 2381 1 720 3983 t ( The)1 232( heteroatoms just as they are placed on non-heterocycles.)8 2632(Substituents are placed on)3 1206 3 970 4149 t (nicotine molecule provides an example of bond positioning:)7 2650 1 720 4279 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 4449 w (benzene put N at 4)4 972 1 1350 4559 t (bond right)1 540 1 1350 4669 t (ring5 pointing down put N at 1)6 1620 1 1350 4779 t ( or .V1)2 378( #)1 432(bond down from .N ; CH3)5 1242 3 1350 4889 t (.cend)1134 4999 w 10 PA f 2820 5439 2633 5331 Dl 2820 5655 2820 5439 Dl 2683 5734 2820 5655 Dl (N)2592 5794 w 2446 5655 2583 5734 Dl 2446 5439 2446 5655 Dl 2633 5331 2446 5439 Dl 2525 5547 216 216 De 2964 5439 2820 5439 Dl (N)3097 5597 w 2964 5440 3092 5532 Dl 3030 5234 2964 5439 Dl 3246 5234 3030 5234 Dl 3312 5439 3246 5234 Dl 3185 5531 3313 5439 Dl 3138 5768 3138 5624 Dl (CH)3109 5856 w 7 PA f (3)3263 5891 w 10 PA f ( bond refers to)3 670(The second)1 508 2 720 6097 t 10 CW f (.N)1932 6097 w 10 PA f (, which is an alternative name for)6 1526 1 2052 6097 t 10 CW f (.V1)3612 6097 w 10 PA f (.)3792 6097 w 10 CW f (.N)3876 6097 w 10 PA f (is taken to refer to the)5 1010 1 4030 6097 t (immediately preceding object, the unnamed)4 1948 1 720 6227 t 10 CW f (ring5)2693 6227 w 10 PA f (.)2993 6227 w ( or atom in the vicin-)5 941(When drawing heterocyclic rings, it is often useful to position a group)11 3129 2 970 6393 t ( is done with the commands)5 1266( This)1 244(ity of the heteroatom.)3 965 3 720 6523 t 10 CW f (above)3223 6523 w 10 PA f (,)3523 6523 w 10 CW f (below)3576 6523 w 10 PA f (,)3876 6523 w 10 CW f (right of)1 448 1 3929 6523 t 10 PA f (, and)1 222 1 4377 6523 t 10 CW f (left of)1 388 1 4627 6523 t 10 PA f (,)5015 6523 w (as in the NH of the imidazole ring of histidine:)9 2058 1 720 6653 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 13 15 %%Page: 14 16 /saveobj save def mark 16 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 14 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (R1: flatring pointing down put N at 2 put N at 5 double 1,2 3,4)14 3402 1 1134 1000 t (H right of R1.V5)3 864 1 1350 1110 t (bond right from R1.V4 ; CH2)5 1458 1 1350 1220 t (bond right ; C)3 756 1 1350 1330 t (bond up from C ; H)5 972 1 1350 1440 t (bond down from C ; NH2)5 1188 1 1350 1550 t (bond right from C ; CO2H)5 1296 1 1350 1660 t (.cend)1134 1770 w 10 PA f 2246 2566 2383 2645 Dl 2257 2541 2383 2613 Dl (N)2155 2568 w 2196 2322 2196 2480 Dl 2570 2321 2196 2321 Dl 2523 2349 2243 2349 Dl 2570 2479 2570 2321 Dl (N)2529 2568 w 2383 2645 2520 2566 Dl (H)2601 2568 w 2714 2321 2570 2321 Dl (CH)2728 2352 w 7 PA f (2)2882 2387 w 10 PA f 3074 2321 2930 2321 Dl (C)3082 2352 w 3117 2120 3117 2264 Dl (H)3076 2093 w 3117 2523 3117 2379 Dl (NH)3082 2611 w 7 PA f (2)3248 2646 w 10 PA f 3305 2321 3161 2321 Dl (CO)3322 2352 w 7 PA f (2)3472 2387 w 10 PA f (H)3507 2352 w ( shown in the abstract provides another example of)8 2281(The lysergic acid diethylamide structure)4 1789 2 970 2895 t (positioning substituents on heteroatoms:)3 1802 1 720 3025 t 2624 4653 2732 4466 Dl 2408 4653 2624 4653 Dl 2300 4466 2408 4653 Dl 2408 4279 2300 4466 Dl 2624 4279 2408 4279 Dl 2732 4466 2624 4279 Dl 2408 4466 216 216 De 2732 4466 2624 4653 Dl 2948 4466 2732 4466 Dl 2948 4840 2948 4466 Dl 2921 4793 2921 4513 Dl 2790 4840 2948 4840 Dl (N)2691 4871 w 2624 4654 2703 4791 Dl (H)2691 4986 w 2948 4466 3056 4279 Dl 2732 4466 2948 4466 Dl 2624 4279 2732 4466 Dl 2732 4092 2624 4279 Dl 2948 4092 2732 4092 Dl 3056 4279 2948 4092 Dl 2948 4092 3092 4074 Dl 2948 4091 3092 4076 Dl 2948 4091 3092 4079 Dl 2948 4092 3092 4082 Dl 2948 4091 3092 4084 Dl 2948 4092 3092 4087 Dl 2948 4091 3093 4089 Dl 2948 4092 3093 4092 Dl 2948 4092 3093 4094 Dl 2948 4092 3092 4097 Dl 2948 4093 3092 4100 Dl 2948 4092 3092 4102 Dl 2948 4093 3092 4105 Dl 2948 4092 3092 4107 Dl 2948 4092 3092 4110 Dl 3092 4092 2948 4092 Dl (H)3094 4123 w (N)3015 3936 w 2948 4092 3027 3955 Dl 2732 4092 2948 4092 Dl 2624 3905 2732 4092 Dl 2656 3905 2748 4064 Dl 2732 3718 2624 3905 Dl 2948 3718 2732 3718 Dl 3027 3855 2948 3718 Dl 3243 3905 3099 3905 Dl (CH)3257 3936 w 7 PA f (3)3411 3971 w 10 PA f 2722 3697 2708 3722 Dl 2707 3687 2693 3712 Dl 2692 3679 2678 3704 Dl 2676 3669 2662 3694 Dl 2661 3661 2647 3686 Dl 2645 3651 2631 3676 Dl 2629 3643 2615 3668 Dl (H)2535 3636 w 2732 3574 2732 3718 Dl (C)2697 3547 w 2717 3315 2717 3459 Dl 2746 3315 2746 3459 Dl (O)2693 3288 w 2919 3516 2775 3516 Dl (N)2921 3547 w 3093 3374 2992 3475 Dl (C)3099 3364 w 7 PA f (2)3170 3399 w 10 PA f (H)3205 3364 w 7 PA f (5)3288 3399 w 10 PA f 3093 3658 2992 3557 Dl (C)3099 3731 w 7 PA f (2)3170 3766 w 10 PA f (H)3205 3731 w 7 PA f (5)3288 3766 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 5267 w ( pointing right)2 810(B: benzene)1 594 2 1134 5377 t ( pointing left put N at 5 double 3,4 with .V1 at B.V2)12 2862(F: flatring)1 648 2 1134 5487 t (H below F.N)2 594 1 1350 5597 t ( pointing right with .V4 at B.V6)6 1728(R: ring)1 432 2 1134 5707 t (front bond right from R.V6 ; H)6 1620 1 1350 5817 t ( pointing right with .V2 at R.V6 put N at 1 double 3,4)12 2916(W: ring)1 432 2 1134 5927 t (bond right from W.N ; CH3)5 1350 1 1350 6037 t (back bond -60 from W.V5 ; H)6 1458 1 1350 6147 t (bond up from W.V5 ; C)5 1134 1 1350 6257 t (double bond up from C ; O)6 1350 1 1350 6367 t (bond right from C ; N)5 1134 1 1350 6477 t (bond 45 from N ; C2H5)5 1134 1 1350 6587 t (bond 135 from N ; C2H5)5 1188 1 1350 6697 t (.cend)1134 6807 w 10 PA f (We mentioned before that)3 1181 1 720 6997 t 10 PI f (chem)1935 6997 w 10 PA f ( to the proper parts of moieties, con-)7 1675(attempts to connect bonds)3 1188 2 2177 6997 t ( effect, as)2 410( in a while this may provide an unwanted)8 1872( Once)1 282(necting to carbon atoms when possible.)5 1756 4 720 7127 t ( CH)1 186( The)1 224( the left diagram of anisole.)5 1240(shown in)1 414 4 720 7257 t 7 PA f (3)2795 7277 w 10 PA f (can be manually positioned by using)5 1661 1 2870 7257 t 10 CW f (right of)1 452 1 4563 7257 t 10 PA f (,)5015 7257 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 14 16 %%Page: 15 17 /saveobj save def mark 17 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 15 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (as shown in the diagram on the right.)7 1656 1 720 850 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 1020 w (R1: benzene)1 594 1 1134 1130 t (bond down from R1.V4 ; OCH3)5 1458 1 1350 1240 t (R2: benzene at R1 + \(1.5,0\))5 1458 1 1134 1350 t (bond down from R2.V4 ; O)5 1296 1 1350 1460 t (CH3 right of O)3 756 1 1350 1570 t (.cend)1134 1680 w 10 PA f 2498 2023 2311 1915 Dl 2498 2239 2498 2023 Dl 2311 2347 2498 2239 Dl 2124 2239 2311 2347 Dl 2124 2023 2124 2239 Dl 2311 1915 2124 2023 Dl 2203 2131 216 216 De 2311 2491 2311 2347 Dl (OCH)2198 2579 w 7 PA f (3)2431 2614 w 10 PA f 3578 2023 3391 1915 Dl 3578 2239 3578 2023 Dl 3391 2347 3578 2239 Dl 3204 2239 3391 2347 Dl 3204 2023 3204 2239 Dl 3391 1915 3204 2023 Dl 3283 2131 216 216 De 3391 2491 3391 2347 Dl (O CH)1 236 1 3352 2579 t 7 PA f (3)3588 2614 w 10 PA f (The following diagram of reserpine shows that)6 2097 1 720 2820 t 10 PI f (chem)2847 2820 w 10 PA f (gets the connectivity right most of the time;)7 1955 1 3085 2820 t (it is only when the OCH)5 1075 1 720 2950 t 7 PA f (3)1806 2970 w 10 PA f (is connected to a)3 733 1 1874 2950 t 10 CW f (bond up)1 385 1 2632 2950 t 10 PA f (or a)1 170 1 3042 2950 t 10 CW f (bond down)1 505 1 3237 2950 t 10 PA f (that there is a problem.)4 1022 1 3767 2950 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 3120 w (CH3O)1350 3230 w (bond 60)1 378 1 1350 3340 t (R1: benzene)1 594 1 1134 3450 t (R2: aromatic flatring5 pointing down put N at 1 with .V3 at R1.V2)12 3510 1 1134 3560 t (H below R2.V1)2 702 1 1350 3670 t (R3: ring put N at 3 with .V5 at R2.V5)9 1998 1 1134 3780 t (R4: ring put N at 1 with .V1 at R3.V3)9 1998 1 1134 3890 t (back bond -120 from R4.V4 ; H)6 1566 1 1350 4000 t (back bond 60 from R4.V3 ; H)6 1458 1 1350 4110 t (R5: ring with .V1 at R4.V3)5 1404 1 1134 4220 t (bond -120 ; C)3 702 1 1350 4330 t (double bond down from C ; O)6 1458 1 1350 4440 t (CH3O left of C)3 756 1 1350 4550 t (back bond 60 from R5.V3 ; H)6 1458 1 1350 4660 t (back bond down from R5.V4 ; O)6 1566 1 1350 4770 t (CH3 right of O)3 756 1 1350 4880 t (bond 120 from R5.V3 ; O)5 1242 1 1350 4990 t (bond right lenght .1 from O ; C)7 1674 1 1350 5100 t (double bond down ; O)4 1080 1 1350 5210 t (bond right length .1 from C)5 1458 1 1350 5320 t ( pointing right)2 810(B: benzene)1 594 2 1134 5430 t (bond 30 from B ; OCH3)5 1134 1 1350 5540 t (bond right from B ; OCH3)5 1296 1 1350 5650 t (bond 150 from B ; OCH3)5 1188 1 1350 5760 t (.cend)1134 5870 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 15 17 %%Page: 16 18 /saveobj save def mark 18 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 16 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (CH)1288 1317 w 7 PA f (3)1442 1352 w 10 PA f (O)1477 1317 w 1684 1174 1560 1246 Dl 2059 958 1872 850 Dl 2059 1174 2059 958 Dl 1872 1282 2059 1174 Dl 1685 1174 1872 1282 Dl 1685 958 1685 1174 Dl 1872 850 1685 958 Dl 1764 1066 216 216 De (N)2205 1312 w 2059 1174 2196 1253 Dl 2059 958 2059 1174 Dl 2433 958 2059 958 Dl 2433 1174 2433 958 Dl 2296 1253 2433 1174 Dl 2160 1066 172 172 De (H)2205 1428 w 2808 958 2621 850 Dl 2807 1116 2807 958 Dl (N)2766 1204 w 2620 1281 2757 1202 Dl 2434 1174 2621 1282 Dl 2433 958 2433 1174 Dl 2620 850 2433 958 Dl (N)2766 1204 w 2994 1281 2857 1202 Dl 2994 1498 2994 1282 Dl 2807 1606 2994 1498 Dl 2620 1498 2807 1606 Dl 2621 1282 2621 1498 Dl 2758 1203 2621 1282 Dl 2785 1602 2799 1627 Dl 2769 1611 2783 1636 Dl 2754 1620 2768 1645 Dl 2738 1629 2752 1654 Dl 2722 1638 2736 1663 Dl 2707 1647 2721 1672 Dl 2691 1656 2705 1681 Dl (H)2611 1749 w 3017 1501 3003 1476 Dl 3033 1492 3019 1467 Dl 3048 1483 3034 1458 Dl 3064 1474 3050 1449 Dl 3079 1465 3065 1440 Dl 3095 1456 3081 1431 Dl 3110 1447 3096 1422 Dl (H)3109 1415 w 3181 1606 2994 1498 Dl 3181 1822 3181 1606 Dl 2994 1930 3181 1822 Dl 2807 1822 2994 1930 Dl 2807 1606 2807 1822 Dl 2994 1498 2807 1606 Dl 2683 1894 2807 1822 Dl (C)2617 1965 w 2667 2136 2667 1992 Dl 2638 2136 2638 1992 Dl (O)2613 2225 w (CH)2338 1965 w 7 PA f (3)2492 2000 w 10 PA f (O)2527 1965 w 3204 1825 3190 1800 Dl 3219 1816 3205 1791 Dl 3235 1807 3221 1782 Dl 3251 1798 3237 1773 Dl 3266 1789 3252 1764 Dl 3282 1780 3268 1755 Dl 3298 1771 3284 1746 Dl (H)3296 1739 w 2981 1948 3009 1948 Dl 2981 1966 3009 1966 Dl 2981 1984 3009 1984 Dl 2981 2002 3009 2002 Dl 2981 2020 3009 2020 Dl 2981 2038 3009 2038 Dl 2981 2056 3009 2056 Dl (O CH)1 236 1 2955 2162 t 7 PA f (3)3191 2197 w 10 PA f 3305 1894 3181 1822 Dl (O)3298 1965 w 3452 1935 3380 1935 Dl (C)3460 1965 w 3510 2136 3510 1992 Dl 3481 2136 3481 1992 Dl (O)3456 2225 w 3611 1935 3539 1935 Dl 3935 2122 4043 1935 Dl 3719 2121 3935 2121 Dl 3611 1934 3719 2121 Dl 3719 1748 3611 1935 Dl 3935 1747 3719 1747 Dl 4043 1934 3935 1747 Dl 3719 1935 216 216 De 4007 1623 3935 1747 Dl (OCH)4011 1613 w 7 PA f (3)4244 1648 w 10 PA f 4187 1935 4043 1935 Dl (OCH)4204 1965 w 7 PA f (3)4437 2000 w 10 PA f 4007 2245 3935 2121 Dl (OCH)4011 2317 w 7 PA f (3)4244 2352 w 10 PB f (Brackets and Text)2 810 1 720 2688 t 10 PA f ( The)1 227( somewhat awkward fashion.)3 1335(It is possible to make brackets of any size but only in a)12 2508 3 970 2854 t ( is poly\(benzyl glutamic acid\), which was also shown)8 2446( This)1 252( use the branch point, BP.)5 1185(trick is to)2 437 4 720 2984 t (near the beginning of this manual:)5 1517 1 720 3114 t 2276 4277 2204 4277 Dl 2276 4061 2276 4277 Dl 2348 4061 2276 4061 Dl 2276 4493 2276 4277 Dl 2348 4493 2276 4493 Dl 2348 4277 2276 4277 Dl (NH)2351 4308 w 2664 4277 2520 4277 Dl (CH)2674 4308 w 10 S f (a)2720 4412 w 2981 4277 2837 4277 Dl 10 PA f (C)2989 4308 w 3010 4075 3010 4219 Dl 3039 4075 3039 4219 Dl (O)2985 4049 w 3140 4277 3068 4277 Dl 3140 4061 3140 4277 Dl 3068 4061 3140 4061 Dl 3212 4277 3140 4277 Dl 3140 4493 3140 4277 Dl 3068 4493 3140 4493 Dl 10 PI f (n)3148 4513 w 2708 4075 2708 4219 Dl 10 PA f (CH)2678 4049 w 7 PA f (2)2832 4084 w 10 S f (b)2601 4038 w 2708 3816 2708 3960 Dl 10 PA f (CH)2678 3789 w 7 PA f (2)2832 3824 w 10 S f (g)2608 3779 w 2708 3557 2708 3701 Dl 10 PA f (C)2673 3530 w 2546 3399 2670 3471 Dl 2560 3374 2684 3446 Dl (O)2483 3377 w 2862 3387 2738 3459 Dl (O)2854 3377 w 3080 3346 2936 3346 Dl (CH)3112 3377 w 7 PA f (2)3266 3412 w 10 PA f (C)3301 3377 w 7 PA f (6)3372 3412 w 10 PA f (H)3407 3377 w 7 PA f (5)3490 3412 w 10 PA f ( in double quotes is treated as text and is passed through)11 2839(Anything that is enclosed)3 1218 2 720 4765 t 10 PI f (chem)4832 4765 w 10 PA f ( particular, text intended for)4 1250(untouched. In)1 644 2 720 4895 t 10 PI f (eqn)2639 4895 w 10 PA f (is handled this way.)3 887 1 2813 4895 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 16 18 %%Page: 17 19 /saveobj save def mark 19 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 17 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (# a left bracket)3 864 1 1134 1000 t (bond right length .1 ; BP)5 1350 1 1350 1110 t (bond up length .3)3 918 1 1350 1220 t (bond right length .1)3 1080 1 1350 1330 t (bond down length .3 from BP)5 1458 1 1350 1440 t (bond right length .1)3 1080 1 1350 1550 t (# this is the mainchain amide structure)6 2106 1 1134 1660 t (bond right length .1 from BP ; NH)7 1782 1 1350 1770 t (bond right ; CH)3 810 1 1350 1880 t (# label the CH with an alpha, intended for eqn.)9 2538 1 1134 1990 t (# this line says "put the north edge of the alpha at the)12 3024 1 1134 2100 t (# south edge of the CH")5 1242 1 1134 2210 t ("$alpha$" with .n at CH.s)4 1350 1 1350 2320 t (bond right from CH ; C)5 1188 1 1350 2430 t (double bond up from C ; O)6 1350 1 1350 2540 t (bond right length .1 from C ; BP)7 1728 1 1350 2650 t (# a right bracket)3 918 1 1134 2760 t (bond up length .3)3 918 1 1350 2870 t (bond left length .1)3 1026 1 1350 2980 t (bond right length .1 from BP)5 1512 1 1350 3090 t (bond down length .3 from BP ; BP)7 1728 1 1350 3200 t (bond left length .1)3 1026 1 1350 3310 t (# label the degree of polymerization)5 1944 1 1134 3540 t ("$n$" with .w at BP.se)4 1188 1 1350 3650 t (# this is the sidechain)4 1242 1 1134 3760 t (bond up from CH ; CH2)5 1134 1 1350 3870 t ("$beta$" with .e at CH2.w)4 1350 1 1350 3980 t (bond up from CH2 ; CH2)5 1188 1 1350 4090 t ("$gamma$" with .e at CH2.w)4 1404 1 1350 4200 t (bond up from CH2 ; C)5 1080 1 1350 4310 t (# this is the benzyl ester part)6 1674 1 1134 4420 t (double bond -60 from C ; O)6 1404 1 1350 4530 t (bond 60 from C ; O)5 972 1 1350 4640 t (bond right ; CH2C6H5)3 1080 1 1350 4750 t (.cend)1134 4860 w 10 PA f (Text can be positioned with various)5 1619 1 720 5050 t 10 PI f (pic)2372 5050 w 10 PA f ( shown in the Greek letters above, and in)8 1880(commands, as)1 636 2 2524 5050 t (this example:)1 587 1 720 5180 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 17 19 %%Page: 18 20 /saveobj save def mark 20 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 18 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (bond 120 dotted)2 810 1 1350 1000 t (bond 120 length .3 ; BP)5 1242 1 1350 1110 t (back bond -120 length .25 from BP ; H)8 1998 1 1350 1220 t (front bond 120 length .25 from BP ; CH3)8 2106 1 1350 1330 t (bond 60 length .5 from BP ; BP)7 1620 1 1350 1440 t (bond -60 length .25 from BP ; H)7 1674 1 1350 1550 t (# note the pic move command to position the text)9 2592 1 1134 1660 t (move left .35 ; "\(ANTI\)")4 1296 1 1350 1770 t (front bond 60 length .25 from BP ; H)8 1944 1 1350 1880 t (# another positioning of text)4 1566 1 1134 1990 t (move right .35 ; "\(SYN\)")4 1296 1 1350 2100 t (bond 120 length .4 from BP ; BP)7 1674 1 1350 2210 t (back bond -120 length .25 from BP ; H)8 1998 1 1350 2320 t (front bond 120 length .25 from BP ; CH3)8 2106 1 1350 2430 t (bond 60 length .5 from BP)5 1350 1 1350 2540 t (bond 60 dotted)2 756 1 1350 2650 t (.cend)1134 2760 w 7 PA f (.)2215 3186 w (.)2245 3204 w (.)2277 3222 w (.)2308 3240 w (.)2339 3258 w 10 PA f 2536 3363 2349 3255 Dl 2514 3359 2528 3384 Dl 2499 3368 2513 3393 Dl 2483 3377 2497 3402 Dl 2467 3386 2481 3411 Dl 2452 3395 2466 3420 Dl 2436 3404 2450 3429 Dl 2420 3413 2434 3438 Dl 2405 3422 2419 3447 Dl 2389 3431 2403 3456 Dl (H)2309 3524 w 2537 3363 2701 3437 Dl 2536 3362 2700 3439 Dl 2537 3363 2699 3442 Dl 2537 3364 2698 3445 Dl 2537 3364 2697 3447 Dl 2536 3364 2695 3449 Dl 2537 3363 2694 3451 Dl 2537 3363 2693 3453 Dl 2537 3363 2692 3455 Dl 2536 3362 2690 3457 Dl 2537 3363 2689 3460 Dl 2536 3363 2687 3462 Dl 2537 3363 2686 3464 Dl 2537 3363 2685 3466 Dl 2537 3363 2683 3468 Dl 2692 3453 2536 3363 Dl (CH)2694 3524 w 7 PA f (3)2848 3559 w 10 PA f 2847 3183 2536 3363 Dl 2692 3093 2848 3183 Dl (H)2621 3083 w (\(ANTI\))2256 3072 w 2849 3182 2995 3077 Dl 2848 3182 2996 3079 Dl 2849 3183 2998 3082 Dl 2848 3183 2999 3084 Dl 2849 3183 3001 3086 Dl 2848 3183 3002 3088 Dl 2849 3182 3004 3090 Dl 2849 3182 3005 3092 Dl 2849 3183 3006 3095 Dl 2848 3182 3007 3097 Dl 2849 3182 3009 3099 Dl 2848 3183 3009 3102 Dl 2849 3183 3011 3104 Dl 2848 3183 3012 3106 Dl 2849 3182 3013 3108 Dl 3004 3093 2848 3183 Dl (H)2994 3083 w (\(SYN\))3145 3072 w 3097 3327 2848 3183 Dl 3075 3323 3089 3348 Dl 3059 3332 3073 3357 Dl 3044 3341 3058 3366 Dl 3028 3350 3042 3375 Dl 3013 3359 3027 3384 Dl 2997 3368 3011 3393 Dl 2982 3377 2996 3402 Dl 2966 3386 2980 3411 Dl 2951 3395 2965 3420 Dl (H)2870 3488 w 3098 3327 3262 3401 Dl 3097 3326 3261 3403 Dl 3098 3327 3260 3406 Dl 3098 3328 3259 3409 Dl 3098 3328 3258 3411 Dl 3098 3328 3257 3413 Dl 3099 3327 3256 3415 Dl 3098 3327 3254 3417 Dl 3098 3327 3253 3419 Dl 3097 3326 3251 3421 Dl 3098 3327 3250 3424 Dl 3098 3327 3249 3426 Dl 3099 3327 3248 3428 Dl 3098 3327 3246 3430 Dl 3098 3327 3244 3432 Dl 3253 3417 3097 3327 Dl (CH)3254 3488 w 7 PA f (3)3408 3523 w 10 PA f 3408 3147 3097 3327 Dl 7 PA f (.)3399 3150 w (.)3431 3132 w (.)3462 3114 w (.)3493 3096 w (.)3524 3078 w 10 PB f ( the Size of Structures)4 998(5. Changing)1 575 2 720 3895 t 10 PA f (The default point size for)4 1169 1 970 4061 t 10 PI f (chem)2178 4061 w 10 PA f ( size of bonds,)3 673( The)1 232( 10.)1 165(is 10; this paper is printed in size)7 1545 4 2425 4061 t (rings, etc., can be adjusted within the)6 1649 1 720 4191 t 10 CW f (.cstart)2396 4191 w 10 PA f (and)2843 4191 w 10 CW f (.cend)3039 4191 w 10 PA f (pair by specifying)2 799 1 3366 4191 t 10 CW f (size)4192 4191 w 10 PI f (n)4459 4191 w 10 PA f (, where)1 329 1 4523 4191 t 10 PI f (n)4879 4191 w 10 PA f (is)4969 4191 w ( text size itself is)4 748( The)1 224(the desired point size.)3 993 3 720 4321 t 10 PI f (not)2717 4321 w 10 PA f ( you must do that separately)5 1305(changed, however;)1 845 2 2890 4321 t (with)720 4451 w 10 PI f (troff)952 4451 w 10 CW f (.ps)1161 4451 w 10 PA f ( following example shows how)4 1390(commands. The)1 732 2 1370 4451 t 10 PI f (chem)3520 4451 w 10 PA f (could be used to make a dia-)6 1284 1 3756 4451 t (gram that is suitable for a viewgraph.)6 1658 1 720 4581 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 4751 w (.ps 14)1 324 1 1134 4861 t (size 16)1 378 1 1134 4971 t (R: ring6 put O at 1 put C at 2 put O at 3 put C at 4 put O at 5 put C at 6)25 3996 1 1134 5081 t (double bond 60 from R.V2 ; NH)6 1566 1 1296 5191 t (double bond down from R.V4 ; NH)6 1674 1 1296 5301 t (double bond -60 from R.V6 ; HN)6 1620 1 1296 5411 t ( if you are doing more than one)7 1674( #)1 162(size 10)1 378 3 1134 5521 t (.ps 10)1 324 1 1134 5631 t (.cend)1134 5741 w 10 PA f (Don't forget that the)3 907 1 720 5931 t 10 CW f (.ps)1654 5931 w 10 PA f (must begin in the \256rst column, and that you need to reset the point size)14 3179 1 1861 5931 t (after the structure has been drawn.)5 1544 1 720 6061 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 18 20 %%Page: 19 21 /saveobj save def mark 21 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 19 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 14 PA f (O)2825 1060 w 3098 1140 2959 1060 Dl (C)3129 1232 w 3178 1440 3178 1279 Dl (O)3123 1578 w 2959 1659 3098 1579 Dl (C)2831 1751 w 2661 1580 2800 1660 Dl (O)2525 1578 w 2580 1280 2580 1441 Dl (C)2531 1232 w 2799 1061 2660 1141 Dl 3419 994 3220 1109 Dl 3434 1020 3235 1135 Dl (NH)3455 987 w 2894 2028 2894 1798 Dl 2865 2028 2865 1798 Dl (NH)2833 2166 w 2325 1020 2524 1135 Dl 2339 994 2538 1109 Dl (HN)2072 987 w 10 PB f ( with Pic)2 398(6. Communicating)1 863 2 720 2556 t 10 PA f ( Since)1 287( be skipped on a \256rst reading.\))6 1378(\(This section can)2 742 3 970 2722 t 10 PI f (chem)3407 2722 w 10 PA f (translates your commands into)3 1387 1 3653 2722 t 10 PI f (pic)720 2852 w 10 PA f (, it is often possible to slip in a few)9 1564 1 847 2852 t 10 PI f (pic)2441 2852 w 10 PA f (commands of your own to draw things that)7 1956 1 2597 2852 t 10 PI f (chem)4582 2852 w 10 PA f (can't)4827 2852 w ( have seen a few examples, such as the)8 1779( We)1 208(handle itself.)1 578 3 720 2982 t 10 CW f (at)3320 2982 w 10 PA f (commands in the section on rings.)5 1564 1 3476 2982 t (Here are some more.)3 921 1 720 3112 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 3282 w ( double 2,3)2 594(R: ring)1 432 2 1134 3392 t (line from R.V6 to R.C)4 1134 1 1350 3502 t (line from R.C to R.V4)4 1134 1 1350 3612 t (X1: 1/2 )2 972 1 1134 3722 t (X2: 1/2 )2 972 1 1134 3832 t (bond from X1 to X2)4 972 1 1350 3942 t (.cend)1134 4052 w 10 PA f 3067 4395 2880 4287 Dl 3067 4611 3067 4395 Dl 3039 4593 3039 4410 Dl 2880 4719 3067 4611 Dl 2693 4611 2880 4719 Dl 2693 4395 2693 4611 Dl 2880 4287 2693 4395 Dl 2880 4503 2693 4395 Dl 2880 4719 2880 4503 Dl 2973 4449 2786 4557 Dl 2973 4449 1 1 De (This relies on knowing that the center of a ring)9 2109 1 720 4933 t 10 CW f (R)2859 4933 w 10 PA f (is called)1 363 1 2949 4933 t 10 CW f (R.C)3343 4933 w 10 PA f (. The)1 248 1 3523 4933 t 10 PI f (pic)3802 4933 w 10 PA f (construction)3960 4933 w 10 S f (a)4542 4933 w 10 CW f (<)4621 4933 w 10 PA f (p)4697 4933 w 7 PA f (1)4768 4953 w 10 HB f (,)4819 4933 w 10 PA f (p)4855 4933 w 7 PA f (2)4926 4953 w 10 S f (>)4985 4933 w 10 PA f (de\256nes a point)2 653 1 720 5063 t 10 S f (a)1398 5063 w 10 PA f (of the way from p)4 792 1 1486 5063 t 7 PA f (1)2289 5083 w 10 PA f (to p)1 173 1 2357 5063 t 7 PA f (2)2541 5083 w 10 PA f (.)2584 5063 w (The following diagram of part of DNA shows some more)9 2534 1 970 5229 t 10 PI f (pic)3529 5229 w 10 PA f (commands:)3681 5229 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 19 21 %%Page: 20 22 /saveobj save def mark 22 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 20 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (P: [)1 216 1 1134 1000 t (R1: flatring pointing up put N at 1 put N at 4 double 5,1)13 3078 1 1134 1110 t (bond -135 from R1.V4 ; BP)5 1350 1 1350 1220 t ("deoxyribose" rjust with .e at BP.w)5 1890 1 1350 1330 t (R2: ring6 put N at 2 put N at 4 double 1,2 3,4 5,6 with .V6 at R1.V2)17 3672 1 1134 1440 t ( naming is too restricted in pic)6 1728( #because)1 540(pic Conn: R2.V2.ne)2 972 3 1350 1550 t (bond up from R2.V1 ; N)5 1188 1 1350 1660 t (bond -60 from N ; H)5 1026 1 1350 1770 t (bond 60 from N ; H)5 972 1 1350 1880 t (])1134 1990 w (# thymine)1 486 1 1350 2100 t (Q: [)1 216 1 1134 2210 t (R3: ring6 put N at 3 put N at 5 double 1,2)11 2268 1 1134 2320 t (bond up from R3.V1 ; CH3)5 1296 1 1350 2430 t (bond 120 from R3.V3 ; BP)5 1296 1 1350 2540 t ("deoxyribose" ljust with .w at BP.e)5 1890 1 1350 2650 t (double bond down from R3.V4 ; O)6 1674 1 1350 2760 t (double bond -60 from R3.V6 ; O)6 1620 1 1350 2870 t (bond -120 from R3.V5 ; H)5 1296 1 1350 2980 t (] with .O at P.H + \(.3,.3\))6 1404 1 1134 3090 t (bond from Q.O.sw to P.H.ne dotted)5 1782 1 1350 3310 t (bond from Q.H.sw to P.Conn dotted)5 1782 1 1350 3420 t (.cend)1134 3530 w 10 PA f (N)2268 4621 w 2496 4698 2359 4619 Dl 2496 4914 2496 4698 Dl 2180 4914 2496 4914 Dl (N)2081 4945 w 2122 4699 2122 4857 Dl 2259 4619 2122 4698 Dl 2276 4642 2150 4714 Dl 1990 5056 2091 4955 Dl (deoxyribose)1413 5077 w 2820 4669 2683 4590 Dl 2809 4695 2683 4623 Dl (N)2829 4729 w 2870 4914 2870 4756 Dl 2733 4993 2870 4914 Dl 2716 4970 2842 4898 Dl (N)2642 5053 w 2496 4915 2633 4994 Dl 2496 4698 2496 4914 Dl 2524 4715 2524 4898 Dl 2683 4590 2496 4698 Dl 2683 4446 2683 4590 Dl (N)2642 4420 w 2529 4276 2653 4348 Dl (H)2456 4265 w 2838 4276 2714 4348 Dl (H)2828 4265 w 3614 4132 3427 4024 Dl 3586 4148 3427 4056 Dl 3615 4290 3615 4132 Dl (N)3574 4379 w 3427 4456 3564 4377 Dl 3290 4377 3427 4456 Dl (N)3199 4379 w 3240 4132 3240 4290 Dl 3427 4024 3240 4132 Dl 3427 3880 3427 4024 Dl (CH)3398 3853 w 7 PA f (3)3552 3888 w 10 PA f 3769 4461 3645 4389 Dl (deoxyribose)3805 4481 w 3442 4600 3442 4456 Dl 3413 4600 3413 4456 Dl (O)3388 4688 w 3109 4072 3233 4144 Dl 3123 4047 3247 4119 Dl (O)3046 4049 w 3086 4461 3210 4389 Dl (H)3013 4532 w 7 PA f (.)3031 4079 w (.)3006 4099 w (.)2980 4120 w (.)2954 4140 w (.)2928 4160 w (.)2902 4180 w (.)3001 4562 w (.)2974 4586 w (.)2946 4611 w (.)2918 4636 w (.)2890 4660 w 10 PA f (Here the trick is to use)5 1039 1 720 5329 t 10 PI f (pic)1793 5329 w 10 PA f ( pieces that are glued together at)6 1501('s bracketing construct to make two)5 1619 2 1920 5329 t (the desired position.)2 904 1 720 5459 t 10 PB f ( Case of Dif\256culty)3 829(7. In)1 225 2 720 5719 t 10 PI f (Chem)970 5885 w 10 PA f ( much in the way of error diagnostics: if you make an error, the most)14 3052(does not provide)2 751 2 1237 5885 t (likely result will be a complaint from)6 1664 1 720 6015 t 10 PI f (pic)2414 6015 w 10 PA f (, expressed in its own terms, not those of your diagram.)10 2499 1 2541 6015 t (For example, a typo like:)4 1092 1 720 6145 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 6315 w (rng5 put N at 2)4 810 1 1134 6425 t 10 PA f (produces the error message)3 1221 1 720 6615 t 9 CW f (pic: no such variable as rng5 near line 6, file -)10 2646 1 1080 6785 t (context is)1 540 1 1134 6895 t ( at 2)2 270( N)1 162( <<<)1 216( put)1 270( >>>)1 216(Last: rng5)1 594 6 1350 7005 t 10 PA f (The brackets surround the \256rst symbol that)6 1999 1 720 7195 t 10 PI f (pic)2758 7195 w 10 PA f ( which is usually close to the)6 1354(didn't recognize,)1 762 2 2924 7195 t ( line number refers to)4 952( \(The)1 250(actual error.)1 539 3 720 7325 t 10 PI f (chem)2486 7325 w 10 PA f ('s output, not input.\))3 915 1 2702 7325 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 20 22 %%Page: 21 23 /saveobj save def mark 23 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 21 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 10 PI f (Chem)970 850 w 10 PA f (is implemented as an)3 939 1 1238 850 t 10 PI f (awk)2203 850 w 10 PA f ( a current version of)4 897( your system does not have)5 1214(program. If)1 532 3 2397 850 t 10 PI f (awk)720 980 w 10 PA f (, you will get syntax error messages from)7 1831 1 888 980 t 10 PI f (awk)2745 980 w 10 PA f ( messages will appear if your ver-)6 1494(itself. Similar)1 607 2 2939 980 t (sion of)1 297 1 720 1110 t 10 PI f (pic)1042 1110 w 10 PA f (is too antiquated.)2 767 1 1194 1110 t 10 PB f ( More Examples)2 733( Lots)1 244(Appendix A:)1 583 3 720 1370 t 10 PA f ( pieces together to make a fairly complex poly-)8 2132(The \256rst example shows how to put all the)8 1938 2 970 1536 t ( bond direction does not need to be speci\256ed in the \256rst three lines)13 2963( that the)2 369( Note)1 272(mer repeat unit.)2 716 4 720 1666 t ( the other hand, it doesn't hurt to specify the bond)10 2381( On)1 203(because the implicit direction is right.)5 1736 3 720 1796 t (direction if you like.)3 892 1 720 1926 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 2096 w (# epoxy based on the m-phenyldiamine cured bisphenol-A)7 2916 1 1080 2206 t (size 8)1 324 1 1134 2316 t (.ps 8)1 270 1 1134 2426 t (bond dotted)1 594 1 1350 2536 t (bond ; N)2 432 1 1350 2646 t (bond ; CH2)2 540 1 1350 2756 t (bond down from N)3 864 1 1350 2866 t (R1: benzene)1 648 1 1080 2976 t (bond 120 length .1 from R1.V3 ; N)7 1782 1 1350 3086 t (bond right length .1 from N)5 1458 1 1350 3196 t (bond down length .1 from N)5 1404 1 1350 3306 t (# back to the CH2)4 918 1 1080 3416 t (bond right from CH2 ; CH)5 1296 1 1350 3526 t (bond down from CH ; OH)5 1188 1 1350 3636 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1296 1 1350 3746 t (bond right ; O)3 756 1 1350 3856 t (bond right)1 540 1 1350 3966 t (benzene pointing right)2 1188 1 1350 4076 t (bond right ; C)3 756 1 1350 4186 t (bond up from C ; CH3)5 1080 1 1350 4296 t (bond down from C ; CH3)5 1188 1 1350 4406 t (bond right from C)3 918 1 1350 4516 t (benzene pointing right)2 1188 1 1350 4626 t (bond right ; O)3 756 1 1350 4736 t (bond right from O ; CH2)5 1242 1 1350 4846 t (bond right ; CH)3 810 1 1350 4956 t (bond down from CH ; OH)5 1188 1 1350 5066 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1296 1 1350 5176 t (bond right ; N)3 756 1 1350 5286 t (bond right from N)3 918 1 1350 5396 t (bond dotted)1 594 1 1350 5506 t (bond down from N)3 864 1 1350 5616 t (R2: benzene)1 648 1 1080 5726 t (bond 120 length .1 from R2.V3 ; N)7 1782 1 1350 5836 t (bond right length .1 from N)5 1458 1 1350 5946 t (bond down length .1 from N)5 1404 1 1350 6056 t (.cend)1134 6166 w 5 PA f ( .)1 38( .)1 39(. .)1 51 3 1009 6656 t 8 PA f 1247 6654 1132 6654 Dl (N)1240 6679 w 1414 6654 1299 6654 Dl (CH)1418 6679 w 5 PA f (2)1541 6704 w 8 PA f 1273 6815 1273 6700 Dl 1422 6901 1273 6815 Dl 1423 7074 1423 6902 Dl 1274 7160 1423 7074 Dl 1124 7075 1273 7161 Dl 1123 6902 1123 7074 Dl 1272 6816 1123 6902 Dl 1186 6988 172 172 De 1485 7110 1423 7074 Dl (N)1467 7167 w 1598 7143 1526 7143 Dl 1500 7261 1500 7189 Dl 1684 6654 1569 6654 Dl (CH)1684 6679 w 1711 6815 1711 6700 Dl (OH)1681 6886 w 1921 6654 1806 6654 Dl (CH)1925 6679 w 5 PA f (2)2048 6704 w 8 PA f 2191 6654 2076 6654 Dl (O)2186 6679 w 2358 6654 2243 6654 Dl 2618 6803 2704 6654 Dl 2446 6804 2618 6804 Dl 2359 6655 2445 6804 Dl 2445 6505 2359 6654 Dl 2617 6504 2445 6504 Dl 2704 6653 2618 6504 Dl 2445 6654 172 172 De 2819 6654 2704 6654 Dl (C)2817 6679 w 2845 6493 2845 6608 Dl (CH)2823 6471 w 5 PA f (3)2946 6496 w 8 PA f 2845 6815 2845 6700 Dl (CH)2823 6886 w 5 PA f (3)2946 6911 w 8 PA f 2986 6654 2871 6654 Dl 3246 6803 3332 6654 Dl 3074 6804 3246 6804 Dl 2987 6655 3073 6804 Dl 3072 6505 2986 6654 Dl 3245 6504 3073 6504 Dl 3332 6653 3246 6504 Dl 3073 6654 172 172 De 3447 6654 3332 6654 Dl (O)3442 6679 w 3614 6654 3499 6654 Dl (CH)3618 6679 w 5 PA f (2)3741 6704 w 8 PA f 3885 6654 3770 6654 Dl (CH)3884 6679 w 3911 6815 3911 6700 Dl (OH)3881 6886 w 4121 6654 4006 6654 Dl (CH)4125 6679 w 5 PA f (2)4248 6704 w 8 PA f 4392 6654 4277 6654 Dl (N)4385 6679 w 4559 6654 4444 6654 Dl 5 PA f ( .)1 38( .)1 39(. .)1 51 3 4551 6656 t 8 PA f 4418 6815 4418 6700 Dl 4567 6901 4418 6815 Dl 4568 7074 4568 6902 Dl 4419 7160 4568 7074 Dl 4269 7075 4418 7161 Dl 4268 6902 4268 7074 Dl 4417 6816 4268 6902 Dl 4331 6988 172 172 De 4630 7110 4568 7074 Dl (N)4612 7167 w 4743 7143 4671 7143 Dl 4645 7261 4645 7189 Dl cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 21 23 %%Page: 22 24 /saveobj save def mark 24 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 22 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t ( We)1 214( to build this structure.)4 1073(This input for chloral shows but one of many possible ways)10 2783 3 970 850 t (chose to start with the vinyl chloro groups.)7 1897 1 720 980 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 1150 w (Cl)1350 1260 w (bond 120 length .25 ; BP)5 1296 1 1350 1370 t (bond 60 length .25 from BP ; Cl)7 1674 1 1350 1480 t (B1: double bond down length .3 from BP)7 2052 1 1134 1590 t (bond 120 length .35 ; BP)5 1296 1 1350 1700 t (# now comes the ring)4 1080 1 1134 1810 t (R1: ring6 double 1,2 3,4 5,6 with .V6 at BP)9 2322 1 1134 1920 t (bond up length .1 from R1.V1 ; H)7 1728 1 1350 2030 t (bond 60 length .1 from R1.V2 ; H)7 1728 1 1350 2140 t (bond 120 from R1.V3 ; O)5 1242 1 1350 2250 t (bond 60 from O ; C)5 972 1 1350 2360 t (double bond up from C ; O)6 1350 1 1350 2470 t (bond 120 from C)3 810 1 1350 2580 t (# continue decorating the ring)4 1620 1 1134 2690 t (bond down length .1 from R1.V4 ; H)7 1836 1 1350 2800 t (bond -120 length .1 from R1.V5 ; H)7 1836 1 1350 2910 t (# now go back and do the left hand ring)9 2106 1 1134 3020 t (bond -120 length .35 from B1.end ; BP)7 1998 1 1350 3130 t (R2: ring6 double 1,2 3,4 5,6 with .V2 at BP)9 2322 1 1134 3240 t (bond up length .1 from R2.V1 ; H)7 1728 1 1350 3350 t (bond -60 length .1 from R2.V6 ; H)7 1782 1 1350 3460 t (bond -120 from R2.V5 ; O)5 1296 1 1350 3570 t (bond -60 from O)3 810 1 1350 3680 t (bond down length .1 from R2.V4 ; H)7 1836 1 1350 3790 t (bond 120 length .1 from R2.V3 ; H)7 1782 1 1350 3900 t (.cend)1134 4010 w 10 PA f (Cl)2528 4333 w 2786 4433 2630 4343 Dl 2942 4343 2786 4433 Dl (Cl)2944 4333 w 2801 4649 2801 4433 Dl 2772 4649 2772 4433 Dl 3004 4775 2786 4649 Dl 3379 4775 3192 4667 Dl 3351 4792 3192 4700 Dl 3379 4991 3379 4775 Dl 3192 5099 3379 4991 Dl 3192 5067 3351 4975 Dl 3005 4991 3192 5099 Dl 3005 4775 3005 4991 Dl 3033 4792 3033 4975 Dl 3192 4667 3005 4775 Dl 3192 4595 3192 4667 Dl (H)3151 4568 w 3441 4739 3379 4775 Dl (H)3431 4729 w 3503 5063 3379 4991 Dl (O)3495 5134 w 3689 4991 3565 5063 Dl (C)3685 4981 w 3705 4749 3705 4893 Dl 3734 4749 3734 4893 Dl (O)3681 4722 w 3874 5063 3750 4991 Dl 3192 5171 3192 5099 Dl (H)3151 5260 w 2943 5027 3005 4991 Dl (H)2871 5098 w 2568 4775 2786 4649 Dl 2568 4775 2381 4667 Dl 2540 4792 2381 4700 Dl 2568 4991 2568 4775 Dl 2381 5099 2568 4991 Dl 2381 5067 2540 4975 Dl 2194 4991 2381 5099 Dl 2194 4775 2194 4991 Dl 2222 4792 2222 4975 Dl 2381 4667 2194 4775 Dl 2381 4595 2381 4667 Dl (H)2340 4568 w 2132 4739 2194 4775 Dl (H)2060 4729 w 2070 5063 2194 4991 Dl (O)2000 5134 w 1884 4991 2008 5063 Dl 2381 5171 2381 5099 Dl (H)2340 5260 w 2630 5027 2568 4991 Dl (H)2620 5098 w ( don't know the)3 707(Sometimes it is necessary to draw bonds that connect to something, but you)12 3363 2 970 5536 t ( provides an example: the long horizontal bond near the)9 2644( Morphine)1 511(exact angle for the bond.)4 1165 3 720 5666 t (nitrogen is speci\256ed in the last three lines of the input.)10 2396 1 720 5796 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 22 24 %%Page: 23 25 /saveobj save def mark 25 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 23 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (R1: ring6 double 1,2)3 1080 1 1134 1000 t (bond -60 from R1.V6 ; HO)5 1296 1 1350 1110 t (R2: ring6 with .V1 at R1.V3)5 1458 1 1134 1220 t (bond 60 from R2.V2 ; N)5 1188 1 1350 1330 t (bond right from N ; CH3)5 1242 1 1350 1440 t (R3: benzene with .V1 at R2.V5)5 1566 1 1134 1550 t (bond -120 from R3.V5 ; HO)5 1350 1 1350 1660 t (# this is the furan ring)5 1296 1 1134 1770 t (bond -135 length .33 from R1.V5 ; O)7 1890 1 1350 1880 t (bond -45 length .33 from R3.V6)5 1620 1 1350 1990 t (# this is the odd ring)5 1188 1 1134 2100 t (bond up length .1 from N ; BP)7 1566 1 1350 2210 t ( up length .33 from R1.V4)5 1350(B1: bond)1 486 2 1080 2320 t (bond to BP)2 540 1 1350 2430 t (.cend)1134 2540 w 10 PA f 2836 2945 2649 2837 Dl 2808 2962 2649 2870 Dl 2836 3161 2836 2945 Dl 2649 3269 2836 3161 Dl 2462 3161 2649 3269 Dl 2463 2945 2463 3161 Dl 2650 2837 2463 2945 Dl 2339 2873 2463 2945 Dl (HO)2183 2863 w 3023 3269 2836 3161 Dl 3024 3485 3024 3269 Dl 2837 3593 3024 3485 Dl 2649 3485 2836 3593 Dl 2649 3269 2649 3485 Dl 2836 3161 2649 3269 Dl 3148 3197 3024 3269 Dl (N)3138 3187 w 3366 3156 3222 3156 Dl (CH)3380 3187 w 7 PA f (3)3534 3222 w 10 PA f 2836 3593 2649 3485 Dl 2836 3809 2836 3593 Dl 2649 3917 2836 3809 Dl 2462 3809 2649 3917 Dl 2463 3593 2463 3809 Dl 2650 3485 2463 3593 Dl 2541 3701 216 216 De 2339 3881 2463 3809 Dl (HO)2183 3952 w 2296 3328 2463 3161 Dl (O)2225 3400 w 2296 3426 2463 3593 Dl 3179 3027 3179 3099 Dl 2649 3032 2649 3269 Dl 3178 3027 2649 3032 Dl 3179 3027 1 1 De (This diagram of chlorophyll shows how)5 1916 1 970 4229 t 10 PI f (chem)2942 4229 w 10 PA f (can be used to produce very complex)6 1834 1 3206 4229 t ( was necessary to use)4 953(molecules. It)1 588 2 720 4359 t 10 CW f (right of)1 448 1 2289 4359 t 10 PA f (and)2765 4359 w 10 CW f (left of)1 388 1 2962 4359 t 10 PA f ( CH)1 181(to get the)2 420 2 3378 4359 t 7 PA f (2)3990 4379 w 10 PA f (CH)4041 4359 w 7 PA f (2)4206 4379 w 10 PA f (and the OCH)2 595 1 4276 4359 t 7 PA f (3)4882 4379 w 10 PA f (to)4952 4359 w ( could have used)3 774( \(We)1 240( note how the bonds from Mg to N are speci\256ed.)10 2234( Also)1 263(position correctly.)1 809 5 720 4489 t (dashed bonds, or we could have used)6 1664 1 720 4619 t 10 CW f (arrow)2409 4619 w 10 PA f (in)2734 4619 w 10 PI f (pic)2846 4619 w 10 PA f (to specify different bonds.\))3 1187 1 2990 4619 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 23 25 %%Page: 24 26 /saveobj save def mark 26 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 24 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w (Mg)1350 1000 w (bond 45 ; N)3 594 1 1350 1110 t (R1: ring5 pointing up put N at 4 double 1,2 4,5 with .V4 at N)14 3294 1 1134 1220 t (bond up from R1.V1 ; CH3)5 1296 1 1620 1330 t (bond right from R1.V2 ; CH2CH3)5 1620 1 1620 1440 t (bond 135 from Mg ; N)5 1080 1 1350 1550 t (R2: ring5 pointing down put N at 3 double 1,2 4,5 with .V3 at N)14 3402 1 1134 1660 t (bond right from R2.V5 ; CH3)5 1458 1 1620 1770 t (bond 225 from Mg ; N)5 1080 1 1350 1880 t (R3: ring5 pointing down put N at 4 double 3,4 with .V4 at N)13 3186 1 1134 1990 t (bond -45 from Mg ; N)5 1080 1 1350 2100 t (R4: ring5 pointing up put N at 3 double 1,5 with .V3 at N)13 3078 1 1134 2210 t ( R4.V5 ; H3C)3 648( from)1 324(bond left)1 486 3 1620 2320 t (bond up from R4.V1 ; CH)5 1242 1 1620 2430 t (double bond right length .1 from CH ; CH2)8 2214 1 1620 2540 t (double bond 150 length .3 from R1.V3)6 1944 1 1350 2650 t (bond to R2.V4)2 702 1 1350 2760 t (R5: ring5 pointing 72 with .V5 at R2.V2)7 2106 1 1134 2870 t (double bond 135 from R5.V2 ; O)6 1620 1 1620 2980 t (bond down from R5.V3 ; C)5 1296 1 1620 3090 t (double bond left length .1 from C ; O)8 1998 1 1620 3200 t (bond down from C ; O)5 1080 1 1620 3310 t (CH3 left of O)3 702 1 1620 3420 t (double bond -25 from R5.V4)4 1404 1 1350 3530 t (bond down from R3.V1 ; CH2)5 1404 1 1350 3640 t (CH2 left of CH2)3 810 1 1350 3750 t (bond left ; C)3 702 1 1350 3860 t (double bond -45 ; O)4 1026 1 1350 3970 t (bond -135 from C ; C20H39O)5 1404 1 1350 4080 t (bond left from R3.V2 ; H3C)5 1404 1 1350 4190 t (double bond -150 length .3 from R4.V4)6 1998 1 1350 4300 t (bond to R3.V3)2 702 1 1350 4410 t (.cend)1134 4520 w 10 PA f (Mg)2921 5560 w 3149 5388 3048 5489 Dl (N)3139 5377 w 3462 5140 3288 5014 Dl 3436 5149 3288 5041 Dl 3397 5345 3463 5140 Dl 3238 5346 3396 5346 Dl (N)3139 5377 w 3114 5142 3162 5292 Dl 3141 5149 3185 5287 Dl 3287 5014 3113 5140 Dl 3288 4870 3288 5014 Dl (CH)3259 4843 w 7 PA f (3)3413 4878 w 10 PA f 3607 5140 3463 5140 Dl (CH)3634 5171 w 7 PA f (2)3788 5206 w 10 PA f (CH)3823 5171 w 7 PA f (3)3977 5206 w 10 PA f 3149 5671 3048 5570 Dl (N)3139 5744 w 3114 5919 3288 6045 Dl 3140 5909 3288 6017 Dl 3161 5768 3113 5918 Dl (N)3139 5744 w 3396 5713 3238 5713 Dl 3462 5918 3396 5713 Dl 3436 5909 3380 5735 Dl 3289 6044 3463 5918 Dl 3607 5918 3463 5918 Dl (CH)3621 5949 w 7 PA f (3)3775 5984 w 10 PA f 2843 5671 2944 5570 Dl (N)2770 5744 w 2529 5919 2703 6045 Dl 2595 5713 2529 5918 Dl 2753 5713 2595 5713 Dl 2757 5735 2612 5735 Dl (N)2770 5744 w 2877 5918 2829 5768 Dl 2704 6044 2878 5918 Dl 2843 5388 2944 5489 Dl (N)2770 5377 w 2877 5140 2703 5014 Dl 2830 5290 2878 5140 Dl (N)2770 5377 w 2595 5346 2753 5346 Dl 2529 5141 2595 5346 Dl 2703 5014 2529 5140 Dl 2703 5041 2555 5149 Dl 2385 5140 2529 5140 Dl (H)2183 5171 w 7 PA f (3)2266 5206 w 10 PA f (C)2301 5171 w 2703 4870 2703 5014 Dl (CH)2669 4843 w 2905 4798 2833 4798 Dl 2905 4827 2833 4827 Dl (CH)2919 4843 w 7 PA f (2)3073 4878 w 10 PA f 3517 5526 3409 5339 Dl 3491 5541 3383 5354 Dl 3396 5712 3504 5533 Dl 3396 5713 1 1 De 3222 6250 3288 6045 Dl 3005 6251 3221 6251 Dl 2939 6046 3005 6251 Dl 3112 5919 2938 6045 Dl 3287 6044 3113 5918 Dl 3333 6342 3232 6241 Dl 3312 6362 3211 6261 Dl (O)3315 6424 w 3005 6395 3005 6251 Dl (C)2970 6483 w 2890 6467 2962 6467 Dl 2890 6438 2962 6438 Dl (O)2808 6483 w 3005 6654 3005 6510 Dl (O CH)1 -37 1 2966 6742 t 7 PA f (3)2929 6777 w 10 PA f 2865 5921 2926 6051 Dl 2891 5909 2952 6039 Dl 2703 6189 2703 6045 Dl (CH)2674 6277 w 7 PA f (2)2828 6312 w 10 PA f (CH)2472 6277 w 7 PA f (2)2626 6312 w 10 PA f 2314 6246 2458 6246 Dl (C)2236 6277 w 2130 6115 2231 6216 Dl 2150 6095 2251 6196 Dl (O)2069 6094 w 2140 6388 2241 6287 Dl (C)1750 6461 w 7 PA f (20)1821 6496 w 10 PA f (H)1891 6461 w 7 PA f (39)1974 6496 w 10 PA f (O)2044 6461 w 2385 5918 2529 5918 Dl (H)2183 5949 w 7 PA f (3)2266 5984 w 10 PA f (C)2301 5949 w 2500 5541 2608 5354 Dl 2475 5526 2583 5339 Dl 2595 5712 2487 5533 Dl 2595 5713 1 1 De (The next example shows how to escape into)7 1946 1 970 7019 t 10 PI f (pic)2942 7019 w 10 PA f ( not provided for)3 765(to make structures that are)4 1188 2 3087 7019 t (in)720 7149 w 10 PI f (chem)833 7149 w 10 PA f ( we de\256ne the cyclohexane chair structure as)7 1983(. First)1 276 2 1041 7149 t 10 CW f (chair)3326 7149 w 10 PA f (in)3652 7149 w 10 PI f (pic)3765 7149 w 10 PA f ( glue several)2 556(, and we then)3 600 2 3884 7149 t ( can be added to these)5 1073( Substituents)1 615(of the chairs together to make the desired structure.)8 2436 3 720 7279 t 10 PI f (pic)4888 7279 w 10 PA f (-)5007 7279 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 24 26 %%Page: 25 27 /saveobj save def mark 27 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 25 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t (de\256ned structures, just as with rings.)5 1632 1 720 850 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 1020 w (pic define chair { [)4 1080 1 1134 1130 t ( 120 length .25)3 810(V1: bond)1 486 2 1350 1240 t ( right length .35)3 918(V2: bond)1 486 2 1350 1350 t ( 150 length .35)3 810(V3: bond)1 486 2 1350 1460 t ( -60 length .25)3 810(V4: bond)1 486 2 1350 1570 t ( left length .35)3 864(V5: bond)1 486 2 1350 1680 t ( to V1.start)2 648(V6: bond)1 486 2 1350 1790 t (pic ] })2 378 1 1134 1900 t (R1: chair)1 486 1 1134 2120 t (R2: chair with .V1 at R1.V4.start)5 1782 1 1134 2230 t (bond 60 from R2.V4.start ; CH3)5 1620 1 1134 2450 t (bond down from R2.V4.start ; OH)5 1674 1 1134 2560 t (.cend)1134 2670 w 10 PA f 2338 2995 2182 2905 Dl 2590 2995 2338 2995 Dl 2716 3213 2590 2995 Dl 2560 3123 2716 3213 Dl 2308 3123 2560 3123 Dl 2182 2905 2308 3123 Dl 2182 2905 1 1 De 2872 3303 2716 3213 Dl 3123 3303 2871 3303 Dl 3249 3521 3123 3303 Dl 3093 3431 3249 3521 Dl 2842 3431 3094 3431 Dl 2716 3213 2842 3431 Dl 2716 3213 1 1 De 3373 3449 3249 3521 Dl (CH)3376 3439 w 7 PA f (3)3530 3474 w 10 PA f 3249 3665 3249 3521 Dl (OH)3211 3753 w ( certain parts of a struc-)5 1087(The next example shows how to position arrows and text beneath)10 2983 2 970 4030 t ( ``up arrow'' is of default length, and is drawn with the)11 2429(ture. The)1 423 2 720 4160 t 10 CW f (line <-)1 385 1 3597 4160 t 10 PA f (statement.)4007 4160 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 4330 w (bond length .1 ; BP)4 1026 1 1350 4440 t (bond up length .5)3 918 1 1350 4550 t (bond right)1 540 1 1350 4660 t (bond down length .5 from BP)5 1458 1 1350 4770 t (bond right)1 540 1 1350 4880 t (bond right from BP ; C)5 1188 1 1350 4990 t (double bond up ; O)4 972 1 1350 5100 t (bond right from C)3 918 1 1350 5210 t (benzene pointing right)2 1188 1 1350 5320 t (bond right ; C)3 756 1 1350 5430 t (double bond up from C ; O)6 1350 1 1350 5540 t (bond right from C ; O)5 1134 1 1350 5650 t (bond right ; CH2)3 864 1 1350 5760 t (# this is the statement to make the arrow)8 2214 1 1134 5870 t (line <- from CH2.s down)4 1242 1 1350 5980 t (move down .1 ; "0.085")4 1188 1 1350 6090 t (CH2CH2CH2 right of CH2)3 1188 1 1350 6200 t (bond right ; O)3 756 1 1350 6310 t (bond right length .1 ; BP)5 1350 1 1350 6420 t (bond up length .5 from BP)5 1350 1 1350 6530 t (bond left)1 486 1 1350 6640 t (bond right length .1 from BP)5 1512 1 1350 6750 t (bond down length .5 from BP ; BP)7 1728 1 1350 6860 t (bond left)1 486 1 1350 6970 t ("$n$" with .w at BP.se)4 1188 1 1350 7080 t (.cend)1134 7190 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 25 27 %%Page: 26 28 /saveobj save def mark 28 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 26 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 1598 1210 1526 1210 Dl 1598 850 1598 1210 Dl 1742 850 1598 850 Dl 1598 1570 1598 1210 Dl 1742 1570 1598 1570 Dl 1742 1210 1598 1210 Dl (C)1750 1240 w 1770 1008 1770 1152 Dl 1799 1008 1799 1152 Dl (O)1746 981 w 1972 1210 1828 1210 Dl 2296 1397 2404 1210 Dl 2080 1397 2296 1397 Dl 1972 1210 2080 1397 Dl 2080 1023 1972 1210 Dl 2296 1022 2080 1022 Dl 2404 1209 2296 1022 Dl 2080 1210 216 216 De 2548 1210 2404 1210 Dl (C)2556 1240 w 2577 1008 2577 1152 Dl 2606 1008 2606 1152 Dl (O)2552 981 w 2778 1210 2634 1210 Dl (O)2783 1240 w 3009 1210 2865 1210 Dl (CH)3023 1240 w 7 PA f (2)3177 1275 w 10 PA f 3117 1267 3135 1339 Dl 3117 1267 3099 1339 Dl 3117 1411 3117 1267 Dl (0.085)3005 1561 w (CH)3251 1240 w 7 PA f (2)3405 1275 w 10 PA f (CH)3440 1240 w 7 PA f (2)3594 1275 w 10 PA f (CH)3629 1240 w 7 PA f (2)3783 1275 w 10 PA f 4002 1210 3858 1210 Dl (O)4007 1240 w 4161 1210 4089 1210 Dl 4161 850 4161 1210 Dl 4017 850 4161 850 Dl 4233 1210 4161 1210 Dl 4161 1570 4161 1210 Dl 4017 1570 4161 1570 Dl 10 PI f (n)4169 1590 w 10 PA f ( atoms or groups of atoms as is shown in the following struc-)12 2804(We can draw circles around)4 1266 2 970 1877 t (ture.)720 2007 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 2177 w (bond 120 ; C)3 648 1 1134 2397 t (bond 60 ; C)3 594 1 1134 2507 t (bond up ; Cl)3 648 1 1350 2617 t (double bond 120 from C ; C)6 1404 1 1134 2727 t (bond 60 ; C)3 594 1 1134 2837 t (bond 120 ; C)3 648 1 1134 2947 t (bond 60 ; C)3 594 1 1134 3057 t (bond up ; Cl)3 648 1 1350 3167 t (double bond 120 from C ; C)6 1404 1 1134 3277 t (circle at C rad .08)4 1026 1 1350 3387 t (bond 60 from C ; C)5 972 1 1134 3497 t (bond 120 ; C)3 648 1 1134 3607 t (bond 60 ; C)3 594 1 1134 3717 t (double bond 120 ; C)4 1026 1 1134 3827 t (bond down ; Cl)3 756 1 1350 3937 t (bond 60 from C ; C)5 972 1 1134 4047 t (bond 120)1 432 1 1134 4157 t (.cend)1134 4267 w 10 PA f 1827 4931 1703 4859 Dl (C)1823 5002 w 2012 4859 1888 4931 Dl (C)2009 4849 w 2044 4617 2044 4761 Dl (Cl)2015 4590 w 2205 4918 2081 4846 Dl 2191 4944 2067 4872 Dl (C)2195 5002 w 2384 4859 2260 4931 Dl (C)2380 4849 w 2570 4931 2446 4859 Dl (C)2566 5002 w 2755 4859 2631 4931 Dl (C)2752 4849 w 2787 4617 2787 4761 Dl (Cl)2758 4590 w 2948 4918 2824 4846 Dl 2934 4944 2810 4872 Dl (C)2938 5002 w 2915 4972 115 115 De 3127 4859 3003 4931 Dl (C)3123 4849 w 3313 4931 3189 4859 Dl (C)3309 5002 w 3498 4859 3374 4931 Dl (C)3495 4849 w 3691 4918 3567 4846 Dl 3677 4944 3553 4872 Dl (C)3681 5002 w 3716 5173 3716 5029 Dl (Cl)3687 5262 w 3870 4859 3746 4931 Dl (C)3866 4849 w 4056 4931 3932 4859 Dl ( can be drawn by specifying the various components between square)10 3184(Chemical equations)1 886 2 970 5538 t (brackets, and then using)3 1079 1 720 5668 t 10 PI f (pic)1824 5668 w 10 PA f (to make arrows and to position text.)6 1599 1 1968 5668 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 26 28 %%Page: 27 29 /saveobj save def mark 29 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 27 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 890 w ([)1134 1000 w (bond right ; CH2)3 864 1 1350 1110 t (bond 120 ; \(CH2\))3 864 1 1350 1220 t ("$nothing sub n$")2 918 1 1350 1330 t (bond 60 ; .CH2)3 756 1 1350 1440 t (])1134 1550 w (# now put the arrow in)5 1188 1 1134 1660 t (move right .3)2 702 1 1350 1770 t (arrow .5)1 432 1 1350 1880 t (move right .3)2 702 1 1350 1990 t (# begin second structure)3 1296 1 1134 2100 t ([)1134 2210 w (bond right ; CH.)3 864 1 1350 2320 t (bond 120 ; \(CH2\))3 864 1 1350 2430 t ("$nothing sub n$")2 918 1 1350 2540 t (bond 60 ; CH3)3 702 1 1350 2650 t (])1134 2760 w (.cend)1134 2870 w 10 PA f 1445 3179 1301 3179 Dl (CH)1459 3209 w 7 PA f (2)1613 3244 w 10 PA f 1772 3292 1648 3220 Dl (\(CH)1784 3364 w 7 PA f (2)1971 3399 w 10 PA f (\))2006 3364 w 7 PI f (n)2080 3373 w 10 PA f 2258 3203 2134 3275 Dl (.)2269 3163 w (CH)2294 3193 w 7 PA f (2)2448 3228 w 10 PA f 3082 3247 2722 3247 Dl 3082 3247 3010 3265 Dl 3082 3247 3010 3229 Dl 3442 3179 3298 3179 Dl (CH)3461 3209 w (.)3615 3179 w 3769 3292 3645 3220 Dl (\(CH)3781 3364 w 7 PA f (2)3968 3399 w 10 PA f (\))4003 3364 w 7 PI f (n)4078 3373 w 10 PA f 4256 3203 4132 3275 Dl (CH)4257 3193 w 7 PA f (3)4411 3228 w 10 PA f (The \256nal example is a long and repetitive exercise, poly\(vinyl chloride\).)10 3161 1 970 3640 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 27 29 %%Page: 28 30 /saveobj save def mark 30 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 28 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 7 CW f (.ps 8)1 210 1 1122 840 t (.cstart)1122 900 w (db = .12)2 336 1 1080 960 t (cwid = .095)2 462 1 1080 1020 t (A: [)1 168 1 1080 1080 t (bond dotted)1 462 1 1350 1140 t (bond right ; CH)3 630 1 1350 1200 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 1260 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 1320 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 1380 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 1440 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 1500 t (bond ; C.)2 378 1 1350 1560 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 1620 t (bond right from C ; CH2)5 966 1 1350 1680 t (bond ; CH2)2 420 1 1350 1740 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 1800 t (])1080 1860 w ( ljust at A.e)3 546(" \(6.13a\)")1 588 2 1080 1920 t (arrow down .5 from A.s)4 924 1 1080 2040 t ([)1080 2100 w (CH2)1350 2160 w (double bond right ; CHCl)4 1008 1 1350 2220 t (] with .w at last arrow.c)5 1050 1 1080 2280 t (B: [)1 168 1 1080 2400 t (bond dotted)1 462 1 1350 2460 t (bond right ; CH)3 630 1 1350 2520 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 2580 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 2640 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 2700 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 2760 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 2820 t (bond ; C)2 336 1 1350 2880 t (bond up ; Cl)3 504 1 1350 2940 t (bond down from C ; CH2)5 924 1 1350 3000 t (bond ; CH2Cl)2 504 1 1350 3060 t (bond right from C ; CH2)5 966 1 1350 3120 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 3180 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 3240 t (bond right from CH)3 756 1 1350 3300 t (bond dotted)1 462 1 1350 3360 t (] with .n at end of last arrow)7 1260 1 1080 3420 t ( ljust at B.e)3 546(" \(6.13b\)")1 588 2 1080 3480 t (C: [)1 168 1 1080 3600 t (bond dotted)1 462 1 1350 3660 t (bond right ; CH)3 630 1 1350 3720 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 3780 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 3840 t (bond ; C.)2 378 1 1350 3900 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 3960 t (bond right from C ; CH2)5 966 1 1350 4020 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 4080 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 4140 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 4200 t (bond ; CH2)2 420 1 1350 4260 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 4320 t (] with .n at B.s - \(0,.5\))6 1050 1 1080 4380 t ( ljust at C.e)3 546(" \(6.14a\)")1 588 2 1080 4440 t (arrow down .3 from C.s)4 924 1 1080 4560 t ([)1080 4620 w (CH2)1350 4680 w (double bond right)2 714 1 1350 4740 t (CHCl)1350 4800 w (] with .w at last arrow.s)5 1050 1 1080 4860 t (arrow down .3 from last arrow.s)5 1302 1 1080 4920 t (D: [)1 168 1 1080 5040 t (bond dotted)1 462 1 1350 5100 t (bond right ; CH)3 630 1 1350 5160 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 5220 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 5280 t (bond ; C)2 336 1 1350 5340 t (bond up ; Cl)3 504 1 1350 5400 t (bond down from C ; CH2)5 924 1 1350 5460 t (bond ; CHCl)2 462 1 1350 5520 t (bond ; CH2)2 420 1 1350 5580 t (bond ; CH2Cl)2 504 1 1350 5640 t (bond right from C ; CH2)5 966 1 1350 5700 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 5760 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 5820 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 5880 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 5940 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 6000 t (bond right from CH)3 756 1 1350 6060 t (bond dotted)1 462 1 1350 6120 t (] with .n at last arrow.s)5 1050 1 1080 6180 t ( ljust at D.e)3 546(" \(6.14b\)")1 588 2 1080 6240 t (E: [)1 168 1 1080 6360 t (bond dotted)1 462 1 1350 6420 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 6480 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 6540 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 6600 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 6660 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 6720 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 6780 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 6840 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 6900 t (bond right from CH ; CH2)5 1008 1 1350 6960 t (bond ; CH)2 378 1 1350 7020 t (bond down ; Cl)3 588 1 1350 7080 t (] with .e at B.w - \(.5,0\))6 1050 1 1080 7140 t cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 28 30 %%Page: 29 31 /saveobj save def mark 31 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 29 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 7 CW f (arrow from E.ne to A.sw)4 966 1 1080 780 t (arrow from E.se to C.nw)4 966 1 1080 840 t (.cend)1122 900 w 5 PA f ( .)1 44(. .)1 56 2 3033 1194 t 8 PA f 3214 1192 3128 1192 Dl (CH)3221 1219 w 3248 1336 3248 1250 Dl (Cl)3225 1421 w 3437 1192 3351 1192 Dl (CH)3449 1219 w 5 PA f (2)3572 1244 w 8 PA f 3694 1192 3608 1192 Dl (CH)3702 1219 w 3729 1336 3729 1250 Dl (Cl)3706 1421 w 3917 1192 3831 1192 Dl (CH)3929 1219 w 5 PA f (2)4052 1244 w 8 PA f 4175 1192 4089 1192 Dl (C)4188 1219 w (.)4245 1195 w 4209 1336 4209 1250 Dl (Cl)4186 1421 w 4363 1192 4277 1192 Dl (CH)4375 1219 w 5 PA f (2)4498 1244 w 8 PA f 4621 1192 4535 1192 Dl (CH)4633 1219 w 5 PA f (2)4756 1244 w 8 PA f 4655 1336 4655 1250 Dl (Cl)4633 1421 w (\(6.13a\))4892 1309 w 3917 1811 3917 1451 Dl 3917 1811 3899 1739 Dl 3917 1811 3935 1739 Dl (CH)3937 1658 w 5 PA f (2)4060 1683 w 8 PA f 4183 1617 4097 1617 Dl 4183 1646 4097 1646 Dl (CHCl)4202 1658 w 5 PA f (. . .)2 99 1 2981 2073 t 8 PA f 3161 2071 3075 2071 Dl (CH)3169 2097 w 3196 2214 3196 2128 Dl (Cl)3173 2299 w 3384 2071 3298 2071 Dl (CH)3396 2097 w 5 PA f (2)3519 2122 w 8 PA f 3642 2071 3556 2071 Dl (CH)3650 2097 w 3676 2214 3676 2128 Dl (Cl)3653 2299 w 3865 2071 3779 2071 Dl (CH)3877 2097 w 5 PA f (2)4000 2122 w 8 PA f 4122 2071 4036 2071 Dl (C)4129 2097 w 4157 1927 4157 2013 Dl (Cl)4134 1896 w 4157 2214 4157 2128 Dl (CH)4134 2299 w 5 PA f (2)4257 2324 w 8 PA f 4157 2416 4157 2330 Dl (CH)4145 2501 w 5 PA f (2)4268 2526 w 8 PA f (Cl)4293 2501 w 4277 2071 4191 2071 Dl (CH)4289 2097 w 5 PA f (2)4412 2122 w 8 PA f 4535 2071 4449 2071 Dl (CH)4543 2097 w 4569 2214 4569 2128 Dl (Cl)4546 2299 w 4758 2071 4672 2071 Dl 5 PA f ( .)1 43(. .)1 57 2 4750 2073 t 8 PA f (\(6.13b\))4945 2187 w 5 PA f ( .)1 44(. .)1 56 2 3033 2951 t 8 PA f 3214 2949 3128 2949 Dl (CH)3221 2976 w 3248 3093 3248 3007 Dl (Cl)3225 3177 w 3437 2949 3351 2949 Dl (CH)3449 2976 w 5 PA f (2)3572 3001 w 8 PA f 3694 2949 3608 2949 Dl (C)3708 2976 w (.)3765 2952 w 3729 3093 3729 3007 Dl (Cl)3706 3177 w 3883 2949 3797 2949 Dl (CH)3895 2976 w 5 PA f (2)4018 3001 w 8 PA f 4140 2949 4054 2949 Dl (CH)4148 2976 w 4175 3093 4175 3007 Dl (Cl)4152 3177 w 4363 2949 4277 2949 Dl (CH)4375 2976 w 5 PA f (2)4498 3001 w 8 PA f 4621 2949 4535 2949 Dl (CH)4633 2976 w 5 PA f (2)4756 3001 w 8 PA f 4655 3093 4655 3007 Dl (Cl)4633 3177 w (\(6.14a\))4892 3066 w 3917 3424 3917 3208 Dl 3917 3424 3899 3352 Dl 3917 3424 3935 3352 Dl (CH)3937 3451 w 5 PA f (2)4060 3476 w 8 PA f 4183 3410 4097 3410 Dl 4183 3439 4097 3439 Dl (CHCl)4202 3451 w 3917 3640 3917 3424 Dl 3917 3640 3899 3568 Dl 3917 3640 3935 3568 Dl 5 PA f (. . .)2 99 1 2981 3901 t 8 PA f 3161 3899 3075 3899 Dl (CH)3169 3926 w 3196 4043 3196 3957 Dl (Cl)3173 4128 w 3384 3899 3298 3899 Dl (CH)3396 3926 w 5 PA f (2)3519 3951 w 8 PA f 3642 3899 3556 3899 Dl (C)3648 3926 w 3676 3756 3676 3842 Dl (Cl)3653 3725 w 3676 4043 3676 3957 Dl (CH)3654 4128 w 5 PA f (2)3777 4153 w 8 PA f 3676 4245 3676 4159 Dl (CHCl)3661 4329 w 3676 4446 3676 4360 Dl (CH)3654 4531 w 5 PA f (2)3777 4556 w 8 PA f 3676 4648 3676 4562 Dl (CH)3665 4733 w 5 PA f (2)3788 4758 w 8 PA f (Cl)3813 4733 w 3797 3899 3711 3899 Dl (CH)3809 3926 w 5 PA f (2)3932 3951 w 8 PA f 4054 3899 3968 3899 Dl (CH)4062 3926 w 4089 4043 4089 3957 Dl (Cl)4066 4128 w 4277 3899 4191 3899 Dl (CH)4289 3926 w 5 PA f (2)4412 3951 w 8 PA f 4535 3899 4449 3899 Dl (CH)4543 3926 w 4569 4043 4569 3957 Dl (Cl)4546 4128 w 4758 3899 4672 3899 Dl 5 PA f ( .)1 43(. .)1 57 2 4750 3901 t 8 PA f (\(6.14b\))4945 4218 w 5 PA f (. . .)2 99 1 870 2073 t 8 PA f 1050 2071 964 2071 Dl (CH)1058 2097 w 1084 2214 1084 2128 Dl (Cl)1061 2299 w 1273 2071 1187 2071 Dl (CH)1285 2097 w 5 PA f (2)1408 2122 w 8 PA f 1530 2071 1444 2071 Dl (CH)1538 2097 w 1565 2214 1565 2128 Dl (Cl)1542 2299 w 1753 2071 1667 2071 Dl (CH)1765 2097 w 5 PA f (2)1888 2122 w 8 PA f 2011 2071 1925 2071 Dl (CH)2019 2097 w 2045 2214 2045 2128 Dl (Cl)2023 2299 w 2234 2071 2148 2071 Dl (CH)2246 2097 w 5 PA f (2)2369 2122 w 8 PA f 2491 2071 2405 2071 Dl (CH)2499 2097 w 2526 2214 2526 2128 Dl (Cl)2504 2299 w 3040 1452 2629 2013 Dl 3041 1452 3013 1520 Dl 3040 1452 2984 1499 Dl 3040 2891 2629 2330 Dl 3040 2891 2984 2844 Dl 3041 2891 3013 2823 Dl 10 PB f (Appendix B:)1 572 1 720 5217 t 10 PX f (chem)1342 5217 w 10 PB f (Command Summary)1 948 1 1594 5217 t 10 PA f ( begin with)2 505(Structure descriptions)1 979 2 970 5373 t 10 CW f (.cstart)2482 5373 w 10 PA f (and end with)2 595 1 2930 5373 t 10 CW f (.cend)3553 5373 w 10 PA f (, with the `)3 479 1 3853 5373 t 10 CW f (.)4332 5373 w 10 PA f (' always in the)3 648 1 4392 5373 t ( begin with a capital letter and are followed by `)10 2214( Labels)1 345(\256rst column.)1 570 3 720 5493 t 10 CW f (:)3849 5493 w 10 PA f ( command)1 479('. The)1 280 2 3909 5493 t 10 CW f (size)4702 5493 w 10 PI f (n)4976 5493 w 10 PA f (scales the diagram to size)4 1125 1 720 5613 t 10 PI f (n)1870 5613 w 10 PA f ( begin with a)3 577( Comments)1 534( is 10.)2 248(; default)1 364 4 1934 5613 t 10 CW f (#)3683 5613 w 10 PA f (; any characters from the)4 1097 1 3743 5613 t 10 CW f (#)4866 5613 w 10 PA f (to)4952 5613 w ( line beginning with a)4 992( Any)1 249(the end of the line are ignored.)6 1399 3 720 5733 t 10 CW f (.)3392 5733 w 10 PA f ( any line begin-)3 700(is copied verbatim;)2 856 2 3484 5733 t (ning with)1 441 1 720 5853 t 10 CW f (pic)1198 5853 w 10 PA f (is copied verbatim after the)4 1258 1 1415 5853 t 10 CW f (pic)2710 5853 w 10 PA f ( are assumed to be)4 872( other lines)2 514( All)1 198(is removed.)1 529 4 2927 5853 t (valid)720 5973 w 10 PI f (pic)970 5973 w 10 PA f (commands and are passed through labeled but otherwise verbatim.)8 2984 1 1122 5973 t 9 CW f (chem)1080 6133 w 9 PI f (filenames)1350 6133 w 9 CW f (| pic)1 270 1 1744 6133 t 9 PI f ([)2068 6133 w 9 CW f (| tbl | eqn)3 594 1 2152 6133 t 9 PI f (])2800 6133 w 9 CW f (| troff)1 378 1 2884 6133 t 10 PB f (Atoms or Groups)2 789 1 720 6433 t 10 PA f ( are automatically converted to)4 1391( Numbers)1 470(Atoms or groups must begin with a capital letter.)8 2209 3 970 6589 t ( atom or group always de\256nes a name for a)9 2061( An)1 202( on the line.)3 564(subscripts and dots are centered)4 1493 4 720 6709 t ( the group contains special characters, the name is what is left after the special characters)15 3946(place. If)1 374 2 720 6829 t ( name)1 269( The)1 217(are stripped out.)2 734 3 720 6949 t 10 CW f (BP)1965 6949 w 10 PA f (\(``branch point''\) does not draw anything.)5 1852 1 2110 6949 t (Examples:)970 7105 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 29 31 %%Page: 30 32 /saveobj save def mark 32 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 30 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 880 w ( name = SiO2)3 648(SiO2 #)1 1026 2 1350 980 t (move right 1)2 648 1 1350 1080 t ( name = CH3CH2NH2HCl)3 1080(CH3CH2NH2.HCl #)1 1026 2 1350 1180 t (.cend)1134 1280 w 10 PA f (SiO)2067 1590 w 7 PA f (2)2228 1625 w 10 PA f (CH)2954 1590 w 7 PA f (3)3108 1625 w 10 PA f (CH)3143 1590 w 7 PA f (2)3297 1625 w 10 PA f (NH)3332 1590 w 7 PA f (2)3498 1625 w 10 PA f (.)3533 1560 w (HCl)3558 1590 w 10 PB f (Bonds)720 1935 w 10 PI f (type)970 2091 w 10 HB f (bond)1167 2091 w 10 PI f ([direction] [)1 482 1 1436 2091 t 10 CW f (length)1943 2091 w 10 PI f (n] [)1 147 1 2328 2091 t 10 CW f (from)2500 2091 w 10 PI f (name] [)1 308 1 2765 2091 t 10 CW f (to)3098 2091 w 10 PI f (name] [attribute])1 692 1 3243 2091 t 10 PA f (type:)1080 2271 w 10 HB f (double)1800 2271 w 10 PA f (,)2128 2271 w 10 HB f (triple)2178 2271 w 10 PA f (,)2423 2271 w 10 HB f (front)2473 2271 w 10 PA f (,)2700 2271 w 10 HB f (back)2750 2271 w 10 PA f (direction:)1080 2391 w 10 HB f (up)1800 2391 w 10 PA f (,)1922 2391 w 10 HB f (down)1972 2391 w 10 PA f (,)2233 2391 w 10 HB f (left)2283 2391 w 10 PA f (,)2433 2391 w 10 HB f (right)2483 2391 w 10 PA f (, angle in degrees \(0)4 879 1 2705 2391 t 10 S f (\260)3584 2391 w 10 PA f (is up, 90)2 366 1 3649 2391 t 10 S f (\260)4015 2391 w 10 PA f (is right\))1 345 1 4080 2391 t 10 HB f (length)1080 2511 w 10 PI f (n)1405 2511 w 10 PA f (:)1461 2511 w 10 PI f (n)1800 2511 w 10 PA f (in inches, default 0.2)3 905 1 1881 2511 t (attribute:)1080 2631 w 10 HB f (dotted)1800 2631 w 10 PA f (,)2105 2631 w 10 HB f (dashed)2155 2631 w 10 PA f (Example:)970 2847 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 3007 w (C)1350 3107 w (frontbond -170 from C ; H)5 1350 1 1350 3207 t (backbond 10 from C ; CO2H)5 1350 1 1350 3307 t (bond left length .15 from C ; H2N)7 1782 1 1350 3407 t (bond right from C ; CH3)5 1242 1 1350 3507 t (.cend)1134 3607 w 10 PA f (C)2860 4117 w 2905 4144 2907 4232 Dl 2904 4144 2904 4232 Dl 2904 4144 2902 4232 Dl 2904 4145 2899 4232 Dl 2903 4145 2896 4232 Dl 2904 4145 2894 4232 Dl 2903 4144 2891 4231 Dl 2904 4144 2889 4231 Dl 2904 4144 2886 4230 Dl 2904 4145 2884 4230 Dl 2904 4146 2881 4230 Dl 2904 4145 2879 4229 Dl 2904 4144 2876 4227 Dl 2903 4145 2873 4227 Dl 2903 4144 2871 4226 Dl 2889 4228 2904 4144 Dl (H)2857 4317 w 2903 4014 2875 4009 Dl 2906 3996 2878 3991 Dl 2909 3978 2881 3973 Dl (CO)2843 3917 w 7 PA f (2)2993 3952 w 10 PA f (H)3028 3917 w 2753 4086 2861 4086 Dl (H)2567 4117 w 7 PA f (2)2650 4152 w 10 PA f (N)2685 4117 w 3015 4086 2929 4086 Dl (CH)3007 4117 w 7 PA f (3)3161 4152 w 10 PB f (Rings)720 4698 w 10 PI f ([modi\256er])970 4854 w 10 CW f (ring)1392 4854 w 10 PI f (n [)1 114 1 1632 4854 t 10 CW f (pointing)1771 4854 w 10 PI f (direction] [heteroatoms] [doublebonds])2 1553 1 2276 4854 t 10 PA f (modi\256er:)1080 5034 w 10 HB f (aromatic)1980 5034 w (ring)1080 5154 w 10 PI f (n)1269 5154 w 10 PA f (:)1325 5154 w 10 HB f (ring3)1980 5154 w 10 PA f (, ...)1 125 1 2225 5154 t 10 HB f (ring8)2375 5154 w 10 PA f (,)2620 5154 w 10 HB f (\257atring)2670 5154 w 10 PA f (\(5-membered ring\) or)2 953 1 3034 5154 t 10 HB f (benzene)4012 5154 w 10 PA f (direction:)1080 5274 w 10 HB f (pointing up)1 544 1 1980 5274 t 10 PA f (\(default\),)2549 5274 w 10 HB f (down)2979 5274 w 10 PA f (,)3240 5274 w 10 HB f (left)3290 5274 w 10 PA f (,)3440 5274 w 10 HB f (right)3490 5274 w 10 PA f (or angle in degrees)3 841 1 3737 5274 t (heteroatoms:)1080 5394 w 10 HB f (put)1980 5394 w 10 PI f (X)2160 5394 w 10 HB f (at)2257 5394 w 10 PI f (V)2371 5394 w 10 PA f (, where X is the heteroatom and V is the vertex)10 2065 1 2443 5394 t ( clockwise; the ``point'' is always)5 1447(vertices: numbered)1 1358 2 1080 5514 t 10 HB f (.V1)3910 5514 w 10 PA f (\(vertex 1\))1 418 1 4086 5514 t (double bonds:)1 629 1 1080 5634 t 10 HB f (double)1980 5634 w 10 PA f ( draws a double bond between vertices i and j)9 2022(i , j)2 93 2 2333 5634 t 10 HB f (triple)2055 5754 w 10 PA f ( draws a triple bond)4 894(i , j)2 93 2 2325 5754 t (fused rings:)1 519 1 1080 5874 t 10 HB f (ring)1980 5874 w 10 PI f (n)2169 5874 w 10 HB f (with .V)1 323 1 2250 5874 t 10 PI f (i)2573 5874 w 10 HB f (at R.V)1 284 1 2626 5874 t 10 PA f (j fuses ith vertex to)4 833 1 2910 5874 t (jth vertex of previous ring R)5 1244 1 2055 5994 t (Examples:)970 6210 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1350 6370 w (R1: benzene)1 702 1 1458 6470 t (bond -120 from R1.V5 ; CH3O)5 1458 1 1782 6570 t ( pointing 45 with .V4 at R1.V2)6 1620(R2: ring4)1 594 2 1458 6670 t ( ring6 put N at 4 put S at 2 at R2 + \(.75,0\))13 2376(R3: aromatic)1 756 2 1458 6770 t ( pointing left at R3 + \(.75,0\))6 1620(R4: ring5)1 594 2 1458 6870 t (label R4)1 432 1 1782 6970 t (.cend)1350 7070 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 30 32 %%Page: 31 33 /saveobj save def mark 33 pagesetup 10 PA f (- 31 -)2 216 1 2772 480 t 2544 976 2357 868 Dl 2544 1192 2544 976 Dl 2357 1300 2544 1192 Dl 2170 1192 2357 1300 Dl 2170 976 2170 1192 Dl 2357 868 2170 976 Dl 2249 1084 216 216 De 2096 1235 2170 1192 Dl (CH)1854 1307 w 7 PA f (3)2008 1342 w 10 PA f (O)2043 1307 w 2760 1192 2760 976 Dl 2544 1192 2760 1192 Dl 2544 976 2544 1192 Dl 2760 976 2544 976 Dl 3303 919 3166 840 Dl (S)3328 978 w 3354 1163 3354 1005 Dl 3217 1243 3354 1164 Dl (N)3125 1302 w 2979 1164 3116 1243 Dl 2979 948 2979 1164 Dl 3166 840 2979 948 Dl 3058 1056 216 216 De 3692 910 3566 1084 Dl 3898 975 3693 909 Dl 3899 1192 3899 976 Dl 3694 1258 3899 1192 Dl 3567 1085 3693 1259 Dl 7 PA f (1)3604 1104 w (2)3693 982 w (3)3837 1029 w (4)3837 1180 w (5)3693 1227 w 10 PB f (Positioning Substituents)1 1127 1 720 1652 t 10 PI f (group position name)2 828 1 970 1808 t 10 PA f (position:)1080 1988 w 10 HB f (right of)1 344 1 1828 1988 t 10 PA f (,)2172 1988 w 10 HB f (left of)1 272 1 2222 1988 t 10 PA f (,)2494 1988 w 10 HB f (above)2544 1988 w 10 PA f (,)2834 1988 w 10 HB f (below)2884 1988 w 10 PA f (Examples:)970 2204 w 9 CW f (.cstart)1134 2364 w (R1: flatring pointing down put N at 2 put N at 5 double 1,2 3,4)14 3402 1 1296 2464 t (H right of R1.V5)3 864 1 1512 2564 t (R2: ring7 put N at 1 at R1 + \(1.0,0\))9 1944 1 1296 2664 t (H above R2.V1)2 702 1 1512 2764 t (.cend)1134 2864 w 10 PA f 2381 3549 2518 3628 Dl 2392 3524 2518 3596 Dl (N)2289 3551 w 2330 3305 2330 3463 Dl 2704 3304 2330 3304 Dl 2657 3331 2377 3331 Dl 2705 3462 2705 3304 Dl (N)2664 3551 w 2518 3628 2655 3549 Dl (H)2745 3551 w (N)3197 3289 w 3431 3352 3289 3284 Dl 3481 3562 3433 3352 Dl 3346 3732 3480 3563 Dl 3130 3731 3346 3731 Dl 2996 3562 3130 3731 Dl 3043 3353 2995 3563 Dl 3185 3284 3043 3352 Dl (H)3197 3174 w cleartomark showpage saveobj restore %%EndPage: 31 33 %%Trailer done %%Pages: 33 %%DocumentFonts: Courier Palatino-Roman Palatino-Bold Palatino-Italic Symbol Helvetica-Bold Palatino-BoldItalic